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初三英语语法—动词的语态【知识总结归纳】一.概念表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态二.主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummer主动语态主语谓语宾语状语Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer被动语态主语谓语宾语状语三.各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are+P.P.
(1)DotheyspeakFrench
(2)Theydon’tusetheroom.IsFrenchspokenbythemTheroomisn’tusedbythem.一般过去时was/were+p.p.
(1)Thehunterkilledatiger.
(2)Hewrotemanystorieslastyear.Atigerwaskilledbythehunter.Manystorieswaswrittenbyhimlastyear.现在进行时am/is/are+being+p.p.
(1)Theseworkersarebuildinganewbridge.
(2)Heismendinghiscar.Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltbytheseworkers.Hiscarisbeingmendedbyhim.过去进行时was/were+being+p.p.
(1)Hewassellingbooks.
(2)Theywerediscussingtheplanatthattime.Bookswerebeingbuiltbyhim.Theplanwasbeingdiscussedbythematthattime.现在完成时have/has+been+p.p.
(1)ShehaslearnedmanyEnglishwords.
(2)Hehasfinishedthework.ManyEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedbyher.Theworkhasbeenfinishedbyhim.过去完成时had+been+p.p.
(1)Theyhassolvedtheproblem.
(2)Wehadtoldhimthenewsbythen.Theproblemhadbeensolvedbythem.Thenewshadbeentoldtohimbyus.一般将来时shall/willbe+p.p.
(1)Ishallmakeaplan.
(2)Theyaregoingtofixtheradioinanhour.Aplanwillbemadebyme.Theradioisgoingtobefixedbytheminanhour.过去将来时wouldbe+p.p.was/weregoingtobe+p.p.
(1)Hetoldmetheywouldpainttheroom.
(2)Theyweregoingtoputonaplaythenextweek.Hetoldmetheroomwouldbepaintedbythem.Aplaywasgoingtobeputbythemthenextweek.情态动词can/may/must/should+be+p.p.
(1)Weshouldhandinourhomework.
(2)YoumustanswerthequestioninEnglish.Ourhomeworkshouldbehandedinbyus.ThequestionmustbeansweredinEnglishbyyou.四.如何正确使用被动语态
1.有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个留在被动结构谓语后面需要注意的是若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”eg.Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.(主动语态)(被动语态)▲常带双宾语的词有tellshowlendpass等
2.在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,to被省略,但在被动语态中,这个to还要还原eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.(主动语态)Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.(被动语态)▲有这种用法的常用动词有makeletseehearwatchfeelnotice等
3.有些“be+过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态,它们有可能是“系表结构(即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语)”比较
(1)
(2)
4.只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态eg.【经典题型】
1.AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive
2.Tomakeourcitymorebeautifulrubbishintotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow
3.Youmaygofishingifyourwork.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone
4.Thetreesmustthreetimesaweek.A.waterB.iswateringC.bewateredD.waters
5.—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessSuetoo. —YoumeanifSuecomesyou’llcomeA.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited
6.Ilikemynewbike.Itverywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden
7.Mr.Chenhasalondvoice.Hisvoicecanclearlyeveninthatbigclassroom.A.hearB.beheardC.behearingD.haveheard
8.—It’stimetodoyourhomeworkJack. —YesMum.I’llturnofftheTVassoonastheprogramme.A.endsB.endC.willbeendedD.willend
9.Youtothemeetingwhydidn’tyougoA.beinvitedB.willbeinvitedC.wereinvitedD.areinvited
10.Alotoftreesalongtheriverlastyear.A.plantedB.areplantedC.wereplanted【实战模拟】一.选择填空
1.TheriverssmellsterriblePeoplemustdirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopformthrowing
2.PaperfirstinventedinChina.A.isB.areC.wasD.were
3.—Doyouliketheflower—Yesitsweet.A.issmellingB.smeltC.issmeltD.smells
4.Itsnowedheavilylastnight.Thegroundthicksnow.A.wascoveredwithB.wasfilledwithC.wasmadeofD.coveredwith
5.Thelightintheroombeforeyouleave.A.mustturnofB.willturnoffC.areturnedD.mustbeturnedoff
6.thekindofquestionofteninyourclassAnnA.DoesaskB.IsaskedC.HasaskedD.Willask
7.Thebridgeinthreeweeks.A.willbuildB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.builds
8.Theoldmenandthechildrenmustinourcountry.A.takegoodcareB.betakengoodcareC.takegoodcareofD.betakengoodcareof
9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemadeHealwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning
10.Thegirlwasunhappybecauseshebysomeboysintheclass.A.islaughedB.waslaughedC.laughedatD.waslaughedat
11.WethattheEnglishtestnextMonday.A.aretoldgivesB.tellwillgiveC.aretoldwillbegivenD.toldisgoingtobegiven
12.GreatchangesplaceinChinasince
1978.A.havebeentakenB.havetakenC.hasbeentakenD.took
13.theredpencil-boxbyyourfatherlastweekA.HasboughtB.WasboughtC.DoesbuyD.Didbuy
14.Marymanysongsattheparty.A.heardsingB.heardtosingC.washeardsingD.washeardtosing
15.treesusuallyinAprilA.HaveplantedB.AreplantedC.DoplantD.Wereplanted
16.Whenwegottherethebrokenroadrepaired.A.isbeingB.wasbeingC.hasbeenD./
17.Thewindowsoftheroomonceaweek.A.hasbeencleanedB.iscleanedC.arecleanedD.arecleaning
18.In1620abouthalftheUSAforests.A.wascoveredB.wascoveredbyC.werefilledwithD.coveredwith
19.Theyoungtreethestick.A.shouldbetiedtoB.mustbetiedbyC.shouldtietoD.canbetiedwith
20.Apresentmebymyfriendonmybirthday.A.isgivingB.wasgiventoC.isgivenforD.willgiveto
21.BywasthebookA.whowroteB.whomwriteC.whomwrittenD.whomwriting
22.Filmsaboutcrimeandviolence(暴力与犯罪)byyoungchildren.A.shouldnotseeB.shouldbenotseenC.shouldnotbeseenD.shouldbeseen
23.Inwarmweatherfruitandmeatlong.A.can’tbekeptB.don’tkeepC.isnotkeptD.aren’tkeeping
24.Halftheworld’stelephonecallsinEnglish.A.aremadeB.aremakingC.makeD.ismade
25.Thatbuildingnow.A.isbuildingB.isbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.builds
26.ThetreesinourschooleveryFridayafternoon.A.arewateredB.arewateringC.havewateredD.water
27.More“GreatGreenWalls”mustallovertheworld.A.buildB.arebuiltC.bebuildingD.bebuilt
28.Hisschoolbagbyawomantenminutesago.A.tookawayB.wastakenawayC.wastakenoffD.istaken
29.Itthatsheveryclever.A.wassaidisB.wassaidwereC.issaidisD.issaidisbeing
30.Yesterdayavisitorsomethingabouthishometown.A.wasaskedB.wasaskingC.isaskedD.asked
31.DoyoulikethiskindofpaperYesitverynice.A.isfeltB.feltC.isfeelingD.feels
32.Thesebookswell.A.sellsB.arebeingsoldC.aresoldD.sell
33.Theboylostonhiswayhomeyesterday.A.gotB.isC.getsD.has
34.Thoughthecoatisabitlargenowitmeverysoon.A.willbefitB.willfitC.fitD.fits
35.Footballeverywhereintheworld.A.isplayedB.playC.isplayingD.plays
36.Everybodyherewasapresent.A.gaveB.givenC.TogiveD.Giving
37.Anewfactoryinourcitylastyear.A.builtB.hasbuiltC.wasbuiltD.isbuilding
38.Alltreesmustwellwhenitisdry.A.bewateredB.arewateredC.waterD.bewatering
39.Thisshirtsilk.A.mustbemadeinB.makebyC.mustbemadeofD.mustbemadeby
40.Thesebooksgoodcareof.A.musttakenB.musttakeC.havetotakeD.mustbetaken
41.Stampsbypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.inusingC.usedD.areused
42.Moretreesnextyear.A.willbeplantedB.willplantC.haveplantedD.areplanting
43.—WhenthePeople’sRepublicofChina —OnOctober
1.
1949.A.did…foundB.was…foundC.was…foundedD.is…founded
44.Todaytoomanytreesarestillintheworld.A.cuttingdownB.cutdownC.beingcutdownD.cutted
45.ThiskindofmachineJapan.A.ismadebyB.ismadefromC.ismadeinD.ismadeof
46.Theteachersaysthatthemanwill.A.bewelltakencareB.welllookafterC.takecarewellD.bewelllookedafter
47.—Ithinktheshop. —NoIt’sopen.Itatsix.A.isclose…closeB.isclosed…closesC.closed…closesD.isclosed
48.Iwasastonished(吃惊)tohearthatthecolourTVset5000yuan.A.hascostB.costC.costedD.wascost
49.Greatchangesplacesincehecamehere.A.havebeentakenB.havetakenC.hasbeentakenD.hastaken
50.Hewasseensomethingfromtheshop.A.stealB.tostealC.tobestolenD.stealed
51.Shehasbyherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat二.用正确的时态和语态填空
1.Nearlyeverybodyhere(know)whentheoldmuseum(build).
2.Thebuildingcan(see)fromeverypartofthecity;It(build)manyyearsago.
3.YesterdayTom(tell)methathisbike(break)lastweek.
4.Thestudentsoften(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.
5.Nowhe(be)askedifthemeeting(hold)nextFriday.
6.Itisknowntoallthatthemoon(turn)roundtheearth.
7.MissLioften(use)arecorderinherEnglishclass.Butshe(notuse)ittomorrow.
8.Vegetableseggsandfruits(sell)inthisshop.
9.English(speak)here.
10.Thesong(like)byusalltwentyyearsago.
11.Thepictures(take)byJacktomorrow.
12.Thecomputer(canuse)intheroom.
13.Theroom(paint)now.
14.Thenovel(translate)intomanylanguagessinceitwaspublished.
15.Thatclock(call)BigBen.
16.LastweekwhenI(ask)aboutEnglishcultureIcouldn’tansweritwell.
17.Whatlanguage(speak)inyourcountry
18.Schoolfootballgamesoften(hold)onFridayevenings.
19.Thefilm(show)againsometimenextweek.
20.Ifanything(happen)tohimletmeknow.
21.thepairofnewshoes(suit)you
22.Thebottle(break)bythecatyesterday.
23.Atalltree(cansee)inthepicture.
24.Thesportsmeeting(hold)lastweek.
25.We(tell)yesterdaythatJanewouldcomebackfromAustralia.
26.LookMrSmith(take)tothestationbyMarkinhiscar.
27.Thesetreesshould(water)afterthey(plant).
28.TheTVset(make)inBeijing.It(make)lastApril.
29.ColourTVs(sell)inthatshop.
30.WhenthePeople’sRepublicofChina(found)
31.HaveyoumovedintothenewhouseNotyet.Therooms(paint)now.
32.AnAmericanfilmoften(show)onTVonSundays.
33.She(tell)thegoodnewsassoonasshearrived.
34.Look!Abigmodernbridge(build)overtheriver.
35.DrBethune(remember)bytheChinesepeopleforever.
36.Arecorderoften(use)inourEnglishclass.。