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新目标英语课本重点复习GradeSevenA
1.What’sherfamilynameP5●familyname=lastname姓firstname=givenname名●姓名顺序英美人的名在前,姓在后如JimGreen中,Jim是firstname/givennameGreen是familyname/lastname;中国人的姓在前,名在后●family家庭、class(班级),作主语,谓语用单数形式family家庭成员、class(同学们),作主语,谓语用复数形式如MyfamilywereeatingdinnerwhenuncleLicamein.Ihaveafamilythefamilyisahappyone.
2.Thanksforthephotoofyourfamily.P17●Thanks=ThankyouThanksalot=Thankyouverymuch.=Manythanks.●Thanksforsth./doingsth.谢谢你……Thanksforyourhelp.ThanksforhelpingmewithmyEnglish.Thanksto…多亏…,由于…Thankstotreesandflowersourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.●aphotoofmine我的一张照片aphotoofme一张我本人的照片
3.Hereismyfamilyphoto.P17●以herethere等副词开头的句子,主谓倒装(主语为代词时则不倒装)如Herecomesthebus.Hereisyourpen.Hereyouare.=Hereitis.NotonlyhaveIbeentoBeijingbutalsoIhavebeentoTaiyuan.
4.Pleasetakethesethingstoyourbrother.CanyoubringsomethingstoschoolP23●take:把东西从此处带走bring:把东西由别处带来fetch/get去把东西带来goandbringcarry:携带,搬运(无方向性)●some和any都可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词区别如下some用于肯定句中,如果用于疑问句,则表示希望得到肯定的回答或表示诚意any用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句,如果用在肯定句则表示“任何一个”的意思
5.Thatsoundsgood.P27●系动词后用形容词作表语sound/seem/look/become/get/turn/taste/feel/smell/touch+adj.●sound:声音的总称noise:噪音voice:嗓音
6.DoyoulikebananasP31●likesb.todosth.likesb.nottodosth.以此类推wanttellteachask●likedoingsth.:一贯性喜欢做某事,经常性喜欢做某事liketodosth.具体某一次喜欢做某事●likev.喜欢prep.介词像……一样
7.HowmuchisthisT-shirtP41●Howmuchis/are…………多少钱?It’s/They’re……●Howmuch修饰不可数名词;Howmany修饰可数名词复数它们都是“多少”的意思
8.CanIhelpyouP43售货员招呼顾客CanIhelpyou=WhatcanIdoforyou=MayIhelpyou顾客告诉售货员Yesplease.Iwanttobuy…/I’mlookingfor…/I’dliketobuy…或者Nothanks.Ionlyhavealook.询问顾客想买东西的特征Whatcolor/size/kinddoyouwant向顾客推荐商品What/HowaboutthisoneThisoneischeapandnice.顾客询问价格Howmuchis/are…?HowmuchdoesitcostWhat’sthepriceofit买卖达成I’lltake/have/buy/getit.
9.WhenisyourbirthdayHowoldareyouP49询问年龄HowoldareyouWhat’syourage回答年龄主语+be+数词(+yearsold)●Heisaneight-year-oldboy.=Heiseightyearsold.●howoldhowoftenhowsoonhowfarhowlonghowmanyhowmuchhowmanytimes
10.Iwanttoseeanactionmovie.P53●wantsth.wanttodosth.wantsb.todosth.wantsb.nottodosth.●look:发生看的动作lookat…看……see:看见没有的结果notice:注意到listen:发生听的动作listento…听……hear:听见没有的结果sound听起来watch:强调观看运动着的事物或影像如看电视,看比赛,看电影,看表演等read:阅读,朗读如看书,看报,看信,看杂志,看地图
11.CanyouplaytheguitarP59●canmaymustneed是情态动词,后面必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语●playthe+乐器play+球/棋/牌类
12.Whatafunnytimetoeatbreakfast!P67感叹句How+adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!如Howhardheworks!Whata/an+adj.+名词单数(+主语+谓语)!What+adj.+名词复数(+主语+谓语)!What+adj.+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如Whatbadweather/music/news/water/adviceitis!单词归类记忆乐器guitardrumpianotrumpetviolin球类footballsoccerbasketballvolleyballbaseballtennisping-pong星期SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday月份JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember电影actionmoviecomedydocumentarythrillerBeijingOperacartoonGradeSevenB
1.She’sfromJapan.P1●befrom=comefrom●国家—人—语言China—Chinese—ChineseAmerica—American—EnglishEngland—Englishman—EnglishCanada—Canadian—EnglishGermany—German—GermanFrance—Frenchman—FrenchItaly—Italian—ItalianIndia—Indian—Indian
2.MyfavoritesubjectinschoolisP.E.It’sfun.(P5)●one’sfavorite……●V+doinghavefunbebusycan’thelpgiveuplookforwardtobe/getusedtofeellikehavetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtimepayattentiontobeworthkeeponputoffendupmindfinishkeeppracticeenjoypermitspendkeepcontinueconsidersuggestcan’thelpmiss
3.Thepayphoneisacrossfromthelibrary.(P8)●acrossfrom=beoppositeto在…的对面●询问方向Where’sthenearest…?Whichisthewayto…?HowcanIgettothe…?Istherea…nearhereCanyoutellmethewaytothe…?Idon’tknow/Iwanttoknow/Couldyoutellmewhere…is●指点方向Go/Walkalong/acrossthisroad/street.Takethefirst/second/thirdturningontheleft/right.It’sabout…kilometersformhere.The…isalongtheroadontheright.It’soverthereontheright.It’squitefarfromhere.
4.Whatdoesshedo(P19)现在的职业Whatdoessb.doWhatam/is/aresbWhat’ssb’sjob将来的工作Whatdoessb.wanttobeSb.wantstobe…
5.How’stheweatherinBeijingIt’ssunny.(P31)●Howistheweathertoday=What’stheweatherliketoday●sun—sunnywind—windycloud—cloudysnow—snowyrain—rainyfog—foggy
6.HiAliceThisisBob.(P33)打电话给某人May/Can/CouldIspeakto…?I’dliketospeakto…询问对方是谁Isthat…speakingWho’sthatWho’scalling/speakingplease自我介绍Thisis…speaking…isspeaking.Hello…here.转告某人接电话You’rewantedonthephone.There’sacall/phoneforyou.Someonewantsyouonthephone.转告的人就在身边It’sforyou.或Foryou.请对方稍等Holdonthelineplease.Holdonforamoment.Don’thangupplease.
7.Sheneverstopstalking.(P43)●对频率提问,用Howoften.nevereversometimesoftenusuallyoncetwicethreetimesadayhardlyhardlyever●stoptodosth.停止现在的事,去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止做某事
8.Itwastimetogohome.P58It’stimetodosth.It’stimeforsb.todosth.It’stimeforsth.
9.Ifoundalittleboycryinginthecorner.(P63)●inthecorner在一角/角落里atthecorner在拐角处●感官动词不论感官动词是动词的什么形式,其后只有两种形式
(1)see/watch/hear/notice/findsb.dosth.……某人做了某事(全过程)
(2)see/watch/hear/notice/findsb.doingsth.……某人正在做某事(正在进行)
10.Thatmademefeelveryhappy.(P63)●make/let/stay/keepsb.+adj.●make/letsb.dosth.在被动语态中,省略的to要还原●makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.为某人做……
11.Don’tarrivelateforclass.P71●belatebelatefor●arrivein+大地方arriveat+小地方getto+地方reach+地方注意homeherethereupstairsdownstairsabroad是副词,他们前面的介词要去掉GradeEightA
1.What’sthematterwithyouIhaveasorethroat.(P7)●What’sthematter=What’sthetrouble=What’swrong=What’sup●There’ssomethingwrongwith…●haveasorethroathaveasorebackhaveasoreleg●haveacoughhaveacoldhaveafeverhaveatoothachehaveastomachachehaveaheadache
2.It’seasytohaveahealthylifestyleandit’simportanttoeatabalanceddiet.It’s+adj.+todosth.做某事……
3.HowdoyougettoschoolIusuallywalkbutsometimesItakethebus.P20回答交通方式时,常用下列形式take+限定词+交通工具+to+某地go/getto+某地+by+交通工具单数go/getto+某地+in/on+限定词+交通工具walk/ride/drive/flyto+某地如Wetakeabustoschool.Hegoestoworkbybike.Hismotherdriveshimtoschool.Igotoschoolinmyfather’scar.goto…bybus/ship/boat/car/train/subway=takeabus/ship/boat/car/train/subwayto…goto…onfoot=walkto…goto…byplane/air=flyto…goto…onthebus/bikegoto…inthecar
4.It’stakesabout25minutestowalkand10minutesbybus.(P21)●Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.●Sb.spend…onsth./indoingsth.Sb.pay…forsth.●Sth.cost…
5.LiuYingisnotasgoodatsportsashersister.P33begoodwithsb.和…相处融洽●begoodat=dowellin擅长….begoodfor对…..有好处begoodto=befriendlyto对…..很友善●as+原级+as和…一样notas/so+原级+as和…不一样
6.Iamalittletallerthanher.(P33)●alittle=abit=alittlebit=kindof有点儿●akindof…一种…allkindsof…各种各样的…differentkindsof…不同种类的…bekind和蔼的●能放在形容词比较级的前面,表示程度的词有muchalittlealotevenfar●不能放在形容词比较级前的词有quiteverytoorather
7.Turnontheblender.P41●turnonturnoffturnupturndown●祈使句的反义疑问WillyouLet’s…,shallweLetus…,willyou●祈使句的否定句在句首加Don’t即可
8.Youarenevertooyoungtostartdoingthings.P55●too…(forsb.)to…主语为物时,不定式后不能再带宾语如Theboxistooheavyformetocarryit.it应该去掉●too…to…可用not…enough…或so…that…来改写如Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.=Heisoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.
9.inOctober2000LiYunditookpartinthe14thChopinInternationalpianoCompetitioninPoland.P57takepartin:指参与群众性活动、会议、竞赛、考试等join:指参加团体、组织后,成为其中的一员也可参加某人
10.Hewonfirstprizeinhisgroup.P5win:赢得比赛lose:输掉比赛beat:打败对手hit打人
11.WhatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowupP59●将来时的表达
1.begoingto+V原
2.will+V原
3.bedoingsth.●when:当……时;什么时候
12.I’mgoingtomoresomethinginteresting.P61形容词做定语修饰不定代词时,形容词后置somethingsomebodysomewhereanythinganythinganywherenothing
13.borrowsomemoney.(P68)●borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth.主语借进lendsth.tosb.=lendsbsth.主语借出●借了多长时间用keep;买了多久时间用have;死了多长时间用bedead开始了多久用beon
14.About200yuananightisenough.76enough+n.adj./adv.+enoughGradeEightB
1.Doyouthinktherewillberobotsinpeople’shomeP2●Doyouthink后跟宾语从句●Therebe句型中不能在出现have/has;Therebesth/sb.doingsth.●就近原则TherebeEither…or…Neither…nor…Notonly…butalso…离动词最近的主语决定动词的单复数形式2.AttheweekendsI’llbeabletodressmorecasually.P6●beableto用于任何时态;can用于一般现在时和过去时态●dress+人给……穿衣Hismotherdressedhiminnewclothes.表示“穿着”的状态时用bedressedin+衣服或颜色dressupasdressoneselfbe/getdressedin+衣服、颜色puton:穿衣的动作wear:穿着衣服的状态bein+颜色、衣服、帽子等,强调状态ShewasdressedinRussianstyle.Putonmoreclothesoryou’llbecold.Maryiswearingayellowdresstoday.Heiswearingasweater.Whosethatmaninaredcoatoverthere
3.Theymightfinditdifficulttoplanthingsforthemselves.P16●Sb.find/think/feelitadj.forsb.todosth.●plan—planned—planningbabysit—babysat—babysitting
4.WhatwasthegirldoingwhentheUFOtookoffP19takeoff:脱下;飞机/小鸟起飞;事业/经济的腾飞,迅速发展take+时间+off休假……
5.Lanasaidshewasn’tmadatMarciaanymore.(P27)●anymore=anymorenot…anylonger=nolonger(谓语用延续性动词)not…anymore=nomore●be/getmadatsb.=be/getangrywithsb.生某人的气bemadabout…对……狂热的
6.Ifyougotothepartyyou’llhaveagreattime.P34●if在条件状语中是“如果”的意思,在宾语从句中是“是否”的意思Idon’tknowifhewillcomebackifhecomesbackpleasecallme.●在状语从句中(由whenafterifuntilunlessassoonas等引导),主句是下列情况之一,从句用一般现在时表示将来的意思主句有情态动词;主句是祈使句;主句是将来时)
7.Ifyouarefamouspeoplewillwatchyouallthetimeandfollowyoueverywhere.P38●famous=well-known● allthetime总是,一直allthesame仍然、还是●befamousfor因……而出名跟出名的原因befamousas 以……而出名 (跟职业/身份/地位)
8.Thanksforsendingmethesnowglobeofthemonster.P48sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.givesb.sth.=givesth.tosbpasssb.sth=passsth.tosb.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosbborrowsb.sth.=borrowsth.tosb.buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.当直接宾语是代词时,只能放在间接宾语的前面如passittomebuythemforher
9.Bythewaywhat’syourhobbyP48bytheway顺便说一下intheway妨碍、挡路ontheway在途中inthisway以这种方式
10.ThemoreIlearnaboutChinesehistorythemoreIenjoylivinginChina.P50●The+比较级,the+比较级越……,就越……●比较级+and+比较级;moreandmore+原级(能加more的形容词)越来越……
11.Forexampledroppinglitterisalmostnewerallowed.●例如forexample……suchas……●动名词/不定式做主语,谓语用三单形式allowsbtodosth.beallowedtodosth.
12.Whydon’tyougetherascarfP60●提建议Whydon’tyou+V原?Whynot+V原?Youshould+V原.You’dbetter+V原.Let’s+V原.Howabout+VingWhatabout+Ving
13.Peopledon’tneedtospendtoomuchmoney.Insteadmakingamealisenough.P65●Sb.needtodosth.主语为人Sth.needdoingsth.(主语为物)●need:情态动词、行为动词●toomuch+不可数名词toomany+可数名词复数muchtoo+形容词●instead:代替(放在句尾);然而,相反的(放在居首)insteadof…:代替……(放在句中)
14.Haveyoueverbeento…?(P68)have/hasbeento去过,已回来have/hasgoneto去……,未回来have/hasbeenin在……
15.Meneither.P69●甲方怎样,乙方也怎样So+谓语+主语●甲方不怎样,乙方也不怎样Neither/Nor+谓语+主语●甲方怎样,乙方赞同So+主语+谓语●甲方不怎样,乙方赞同Neither/Nor+主语+谓语或者Meeither.●Neither/Either+名词单数,谓语用单数●Neither/Eitherof+名词复数,谓语用单数
16.…morethanthreequartersofthepopulationareChinese…P74●morethan=over●表示人口的“多”用large/big表示人口的“少”用small.●问“人口的多少”时,用“What’sthepopulationof……”
17.Ifeellikepartofthegroupnow.P80想做某事wanttodosth.wouldliketodosth.feellikedoingsth.
18.feedsth.to….=feed….withsth.给……喂……keep+动物饲养动物
19.不敢做某事beafraidtodosth.担心出现某种后果beafraidofdoingsth.如I’mafraidoffallingdownfromthewall.I’mafraidtoclimbthetree.GradeNine
1.Istudybyworkingwithagroup.P2by用法小结在……旁边nearWillyousitdownherebythewindow在……之前Ihavetogobackbyteno’clock.BythetimeIwenthomemymomhadcookedlunch.借助于……,用……Igotoschoolbybus.IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.
2.dealwithP8HowwillyoudealwiththisproblemWhatwillyoudowiththisproblem
3.Iusedtobeafraidofthedark.(P10)
4.usedtodosth.过去常常……be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于……beafraidof=beterrifiedof
5.Sixteen-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtogettheirearspierced.(P18)●sixteen-year-olds=sixteen-year-oldteenagers●gettheirearspiercedget/havesth.done
6.WhatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollarsP26●具体数字/several+hundred/thousand/million/billionhundreds/thousands/millions/billionsof●虚拟语气主语+would/should/could+V原if+主语+过去时态(be动词用were)
7.ItmustbelongtoCarla.P34belongtosb.=besb’s
8.She’sworriedbecauseofhertest.P36●becauseof+短语because+句子(主语+谓语)●beworriedabout=worryabout担心……
9.Theremustbesomethingvisitingthehomesinourneighborhood.P38●Therebe…doingsth.Therebe句型中不能再有have/has●mustbe一定
10.I’llhelpcleanupthecityparks.P60动词+副词,代词放中间cheerupsetupputupfixupcutupcleanupgiveuppickuplookupmixupuseupeatupgiveoutworkouthangouthandoutcleanoutturnonturnoffturndownturnuptakeoffputoffputongiveawayputawaythinkoverlookover
11.It’susedforseeinginthedark.P69beusedby被……使用beusedfordoingsth.=beusedtodosth.被用来做……beusedas把……用作……
12.Ionlyjustmadeittomyclass.P78我刚好到达教室●makeit办成功,做到,赶到Ithinkwe’lljustmakeit.●及时到达;赶上Thetrainleavesinfiveminuteswe’llnevermakeit!●约定(时间)Asforournextmeetinglet’smakeitthedayaftertomorrow.
13.Attimesanadcanleadyoutobuysomethingyoudon’tneedatall.p106●attimes=sometimes有时sometime某时sometimes几次,几倍sometime一段时间●leadsb.todosth.纵容/引诱/引导某人做某事Heledustohishome.Youleadandwe’llfollow.
14.Iprefertoreceiveagiftthathassomethoughtbehindit.P108prefertodosth.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.
15.Thewallsaremadefromoldglassbottlesthataregluedtogether.P122bemadefrom……由……制成(看不出原料)bemadeof……由……制成(能看出原料)注意takeplace和happen都是表示“发生”的意思,都没有被动语态它们的区别是happentosb.某人发生了某事happentodosth.碰巧发生了某事happen:一切客观事情或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生takeplace:发生事先计划或预想到的事物.历史上的事件,集会等先布置而后发生或举行的事情,不用于地震等自然现象Unit1
一、Hestudiesbyaskingtheteacherforhelpby以…方式,靠+n/doingIwenttoschoolbybus/train/subway/bike/plane/boat….
二、thebestwaytodosth做某事的最好方法
三、JoiningtheEnglishclubwasthebestwaytoimproveourEnglish.动名词作主语+V三单
四、havetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtime+doingsth做某事很困难
五、laughatsb.嘲笑某人
六、last持续+一段时间Therainlastedfor6hoursyesterday.
七、regard…..as……=consider….as…..=treat……as…….把…..当成……
八、complaintosbaboutdoingsth抱怨某人做某事
九、except/besidesexcept除…以外….Allthestudentswenttothezooexceptmebesides除….以外(包括在内)Ihavefewfriendsbesidesyou.
十、assoonas….一….就……(条件状语从句,主将从现)I’llcallyouassoonasIgetthere.
十一、if引导宾语从句时“是否”if引导条件状语从句“假如,如果”,主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时Idon’tknowifitwillrainifitrainsIwon’tgoout.宾从条从Unit2
一、1)usedtodosth过去常常做某事Heusedtodohomeworkuntil10pm.2)beusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事I’musedtogettingupearly.Sheisusedtolivingalone.3)beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth被用于做某事Knifeisusedtocutthings=Knifeisusedforcuttingthings.
二、afford买得起,负担得起(…的费用)Ican’taffordanewcar.affordtodosth负担得起做某事
三、getintroublewith与….发生纠纷bepatientwithsbofsth在某事上对某人很耐心
四、beproudof=takepridein+n/doing对…..感到骄傲
五、It‘stimeforsbtodosth/It’stimeforsth是(某人)该做某事的时候了Unit3
一、beallowedtodosth被允许做某事allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事allowtodosth允许做某事
二、1insteadof+n/pre/vingSheprefersmilkinsteadof=ratherthancoffee.We’dliketogosightseeinginsteadofstayingathome.2instead相反的、代替常放句末Idon’tlikeswimmingIlikeplayinggamesinstead.
三、Sodowe我也是So+助、be、情态动词+主语“某人也一样”Ihavetodomyhomework.Sodoeshe.Nor/neither助、be、情态动词+主语“某人也不”Marydidn’tgotothepartylastnight.Neither/nordidI.
四、I’mnotallowedtogetmyearspierced.Getsthdone/havesthdone这事儿不是主语做的,而是找别人做的MybikebrokedownI’llhaveitrepaired.我的自行车坏了,我得找人修理
五、bestrictwithsb对某人严格bestrictinsth在某方面很严格
六、becomfortabletodosth做某事很方便
七、begoodfor对…..有好处Vegetableandfruitaregoodforyourhealth.begoodat=dowellin+n/pre/doing擅长….Heisgoodatswimmingbegoodto=befriendlyto对…..很友善
八、haveanopportunitytodosth有机会做某事
九、语法不定代词1some/any均为“一些”,+可、不可数名词;some一般用于肯定,any多用于否定或疑问句但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some.---Wouldyoulikesomecoffee---Yesplease./Nothanks2many/muchmany+可数名词much+不可数名词都可与sotooashow搭配1either/neithereither指两者其一neither指两者都不either…..or…..不是…就是….neither…..nor…..既不…也不……
十、othertheotherotherstheothersanother1other别的、其他的2theother两者中另一个one……..theother……..一个…另一个……3others泛指别的人或物=other+复数名词some……others…..一些…..另一些…..4theothers特指其余剩下的人或物some…..theothers……一些…..,其余的……5another任何一个,另一个(指三者以上中的任何一个)
十一、getinthewayof…….妨碍…..
十二、On….team.在…队里Heisontheschoolsoccerteam.
十三、happen出乎意料的发生takeplace有计划的发生两者都没有被动语态thisaccidenthastakenplacefor5years.
十四、beseriousabout+n/pre/doing对….很认真
十五、succeedindoingsth成功地做某事successn.successfuladjUnit4
一、数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion几百/千/百万/十亿hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of成百的/千的/百万的/十亿的
二、辨析bring/take/fetch/carry
三、IfIwereyouI’dwearashirtandtie.IfIhadamilliondollarsI’dbuyabighouse.If的用法1)在含有非真实条件句的复合句中,表示一种假设,需用虚拟语气,对现在情况的假设,条件从句中用一般过去时(be动词勇were)主句用would/should/could+V原Iftheywereheretheywouldhelpyou.2)如果假设情况可能发生,句子用陈述语气,条件从句用一般现在时,主句用将来时IfhecomesI’llbringhimapresent.Ifitrainstomorrowwewon’thaveapicnic.
四、invitesbtosomewhere.invitesbtodosth
五、辨析borrow/lend/keepborrow…from….(主语)借进Iborrowedbooksfromschoollibrary.lend…..to…..(主语)借出Couldyoulendyourdictionarytomekeep借并保存一段时间(常用于完成时forsince与搭配,代替borrow)I’vekeptthisstorybookforamonthandIdidn’treturnit.
六、许多2alotoflotsofsomeplentyof既可修饰可数,也可修饰不可数名词2anumberof+可数名词复数+V复“大量的”Anumberoftreesarecutdown.3thenumberof+可数名词复数+V三单“..的数量”Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis
52.4amountofmuchalittlelittleabitofadealof+不可数名词+V三单5manyafewfew+可数名词复数+V复
七、ratherthan其后动词的形式,与前面动词的形式保持一致Ilikesingingthandancing.宁愿做…而不愿做…..1)wouldratherdosththandosth.2)wouldliketodosththandosth3)prefertodosthratherthandosth4)preferdoingtodoing
八、害怕做某事beafraidofdoingsth=beterrifiedofdoingsth=bescaredofdoingsthbeafraidtodosth
九、win赢得比赛、演讲、地位、荣誉beat击败某人、某队
十、辨别noise噪音Don’tmakeanynoise!voice人的嗓音Hehasagoodvoice.sound泛指各种声音Thesoundofcaristooloud.
十一、tastev.品尝,尝起来n.味道,品味系动词tastesmelllooksoundfeel+adj
十二、语法Givesbsth=givesthtosb这种结构的动词还有(加to的)giveshowsendbringpasslendtell(加for的)makebuydohavecookfindsingEg:Iboughtagiftforher.=IboughtheragiftShelentmeabook=Shelentabooktome.Unit5
一、--Whosebookisthis--Itmust/might/can’t/couldbesb’sbelongtosb.
二、It’s+adj+that….It’snecessary/clear/important……that….It’s+adj+todosthit’simportant/necessarytoworkhard.find/think+it+adj+todosth.IfounditdifficulttorememberEnglishwords.
三、对…感到担心beanxious/worriedabout…worryabout渴望做某事beanxioustodosth
四、Hecouldberunningforexercise.情态动词+be+doingsth(表示猜测可能正在做某事)
五、sthhappentosb某人碰巧遇到某事Whenhewalkedacrosstheroadthecaraccidenthappenedtohim.
六、太….muchtoo+adj太多….toomuch+不可数ntoomany+可数nUnit6
一、prefersthtosthIpreferfishtomeat.prefertodosthratherthandosth.=wouldratherdosththandosthTheyprefertostayathomeratherthangoout.preferdoingtodoingJimprefersreadingtoplayinggames.
二、play+运动、棋类、消遣playbasketball/soccer/volleyball/tennis/ping-pong/baseball/chessplay+the+乐器playtheguitar/violin/piano/trumpet/drums
三、go+运动ing:goshopping/fishing/sightseeing/cooking
四、aloudloudloudlyaloud指读书readaloud.loudloudly可互换,但loud可作adjloudly却不能
五、使….想起….提醒(某人)remindsbremindsbofsthThephotosremindedmeofmyschooldays.remindsbtodosthCanyouremindmetowakehimupat6:
25.
六、though/although和but不能连用Mygrandfatheris100yearsoldbutheisveryhealth.=Thoughmygrandfatheris100yearsoldheisveryhealth.because和so也不能连用
七、famous=well-knownbefamousforMartinisfamousforwritingstory.befamousasSheisfamousasascientist.befamoustoTheGreatWallisfamoustotheworld.
八、afew+可数名词(表肯定)一些alittle+不可数名词(表肯定)一些few(表否定)几乎没有little(表否定)几乎没有
九、because+句子becauseof+名词、代词、动名词短语Hestoppedplayingsoccerbecausehehadaheadache.Hestoppedplayingsoccerbecauseofhisheadache.
十、expecttodosth=hopetodosth=wishtodosth.
十一、haveagreattime=havefun=enjoyoneself.Unit7
一、辨析relaxed/relaxingtired/tiringfascinated/fascinatingexcited/excitingfrustrated/frustratingdisappointed/disappointingsurprised/surprisingamazed/amazinginterested/interesting(加ed的修饰人“感到的”;加ing的修饰物“令人的”)eg:Shewassurprisedtoreadthissurprisingnews.相关短语beexcitedatbedisappointedatbesurprisedat/todosthbeinterestedin=takaaninterestin+n/Ving
二、旅行trek徒步跋涉trektroughthejungle/forest/mountaintravel泛指旅行travelaroundtheworld.trip短途旅行haveatrip.TriptoChengdu.
三、想要、愿意做某事wouldliketodosth=wanttodosth.---Wherewouldyouliketogo---I’dliketovisitsomewherewarm.
四、辨析crossthroughoverpast1cross从表面上通过walkcrossthestreet/bridge/river….2through从空间通过gothroughtheforest/jungle/crowed…3over从上方跨过jumpoverthewall4past从旁边经过Hewalkedpastthewindowwhenwewerehavingclass.
五、hope/wish1hopetodosthhope+从句2wishtodosthwishsbtodosthwish+从句
六、I’dliketogosomewhererelaxing.adj放不定代词后修饰不定代词
七、Whynot+V原…..=Whydon’tyou+V原….Let’s+V原
八、consider考虑、认为considerdoingsth/+howwhat+todosth/+名词、从句eg:We’reconsideringvisitingParisforholiday.Hehasneverconsideredhowtosolvetheproblem.Allofyoushouldconsiderthefeelingofthepeople.Doyouconsider(认为)thatwecanfinishtheprojectontime
九、oneof+adj最高级+复数名词+V三单OneofthehighestsightsinParisisEiffelTower.
十、辨析include/includingOurschoolincludestwoparts:PrimaryandMiddleSchool.Ilikeallsportsincludingplayingsoccer.
十一、travelingaroundParisbytaxicancostalotofmoney.travelingaroundParisbytaxi动名词做主语+V三单oneofthecheapestwaystovisitParisistakingtheundergroundtrain.动名词作表语从句的主语
十二、辨析costspendpaytakeSthcostscost……TheTVcostme500dollarsSbspendspent…..onsth/doingsthIspent500dollarsontheTV.Ispent500dollarsbuyingtheTV.Sbpaypaid….For…Ipaid500dollarsfortheTV.Ittakestooksb…..todosth.Ittookme500dollarstobuytheTV.
十三、unless=ifnot条件状语从句,由ifunless引导(主将从现,主过从过)Ifitdoesn’trainwe’llgofishing.Unlessyouseeadoctoryoushouldn’ttakethemedicine.
十四、提供1providesbwithsth=providesthforsb.Hetriedtofindajobtoprovidehisfamilywithfood.Hetriedtofindajobtoprovidefoodforhisfamily.2offersbsth=offersthtosb.Sheofferedmoneytothepoorchildren.offertodosth自愿做某事
十五、mindfinishkeepbebusyfeellikepracticehavefunenjoyhavetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtimepermitspendbeworthkeeponkeepbeusedtocontinuegiveupputoffenduppayattentiontolookforwardtoconsidersuggestcan’thelpmiss+doingsthfeelhearseefindwatchnoticesbdosth(做过)doingsth(正在做)
十六、辨析stoptodo/stopdoingremembertodo/rememberdoingforgettodo/forgetdoingtrytodo/trydoinggoontodo/goondoingallowtodo/allowdoing
十七、在介词后(inatafterontoforofbyagainstwithwithoutafterbefore)如果要用动词,只能用vingIstudyforatestbyworkingwithgroups.
十八、enough的用法adj/adv+enough足够样enough+n足够的
十九、语法主谓一致
1.当and或both…and…连接两个或三个名词作主语,谓语动词用复数BothyouandIaregoodfriends.
2.不定代词作主语+V三单eitherneithereachtheotheranotherany/every/no/some引导的不定代词Everyoneisgoingtobeachtomorrow.
3.由eachevery引导的作主语,指同一个人时,+V三单Eachboyandgirlwasgivenagift.
4.主语后有withalongwithtogetherwithaswellasmorethanincludingbesideslikeexceptbut.谓语动词由前面的主语决定.MrLiwithhiswifeandchildreniscomingnextweek.Tombesideshisfriendsplaysvolleyballeveryafternoon.
5.either…or….neither…nor…notonly…butalso…连接两个主语,谓语动词有靠近它的主语决定,即就近原则NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.Eitheryouorheisright.
6.therebe句型的be动词由靠近它的主语决定,即就近原则Thereisatableandmanydesksintheroom.
7.oneof+复数名词+V三单oneofthewomenisfromAmerica.
二十、dreamofdoingsthachieve/cometrueIbelieveIwillachievemydreamoneday.=Ibelievemydreamwillcometrueoneday.
二十一、receive/acceptI’vereceivedherinvitationtothepartybutIdidn’tacceptitbecauseI’mbusy.
二十二、辨析sothatso…..that….such….That…1sothat=inorderthatheworkshardsothathecanmakemoremoney.2such修饰强调名词such+a/an+adj+n+that从句Maryissuchayounggirlthatshecan’tgotoschool.such+adj+不可数名词、复数名词+that从句3so修饰强调adj或adv.so+adj/adv+that从句Heissocleverthathecanworkoutalltheproblems.4)当名词由manymuchfewlittle修饰时,只能用sosomany/few+可数名词复数+that从句somuch/little+不可数名词+that从句TherearesomuchtimethatIcanplaywithfriends.5too…to…=not…enoughto….=so…..that….
二十三、短语bewillingtodosthbesimilartoitseemsthat…seemtodosthholdonto..accordingto
二十四、定语从句(详见Unit6-7)1)一般情况下,that可指人,也可指物,可代替whowhomwhich;但不能和介词搭配Which指物whowhomwhose指人where指某地when指某时Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’health.Iliketheplaceswherepeoplearefriendly.2)掌握that的几种特殊用法(详见书上)3)掌握whomwhich与介词的用法Units8-
121、volunteerone’stimetodosth自愿花费时间做某事
2、makeaplantodosth=plantodosth计划或某事
3、takeafter=besimilarto和….相似
4、repair=fixup修理
5、thankyouthanksfordoingsth
6、lke表举例时“像….”其后如果跟动词必须用doing
7、begetusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事usedtodosth过去常常做某事beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth(某物)被用于做某事
8、辨析bringtakecarryfetchbring拿来take带走carry携带,搭乘,运载,抬fetch取回
9、adj/adv+enough足够…..enough+n足够的….
10、divide…..into…..把….划分成…
十一、thepopularityofbasketballhasrisenworldwide.popularity人口+V三单
十二、thenumberof…..的数量+V三单anumberof大量的+V复数
十三、dreamofdoingsth梦想做某事
十四、happen=takeplace没有被动语态
十五、辨析forgettodosth忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事leaveleftsthsomewhere把(某物)忘在某地lose–lost--lost丢失
十六、到达arriveat/in+地点getto+地点reach+地点注明如果后面不跟地点只能用arrive
十七、ontime准时intime按时
十八、wakeup醒来wake–woke–wakenhangout闲逛
十九、waitforsbtodosth等待某人做某事
二十、invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事invitesbtosomewhere邀请某人去某地
二十一、辨析embarrassed/embarrassing
二十二、showup出现、出席stayup熬夜
二十三、dressup装扮、打扮dresssbin给(某人)穿衣服wear穿着、戴着(表状态)puton穿上(表动作)
二十四、hundredsof数百的、thousandsof数千的、millionsof数百万的、billionsof数十亿的数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion几百、几千、几百万、几十亿
二十五、marrysb嫁给(某人)getmarried和(某人)结婚
二十六、sellout卖完sell–sold–sold
二十七、therebe句型中的be动词用is还是are,取决于靠近它的主语是单数还是复数
二十八、问路方式
1、CouldyoutellmeDoyouknowhowtogetto……
2、Couldyoutellmethewayto….
3、CouldyoutellmewhereIcandosth..
4、Couldyoutellmewhere….is
5、Couldyoutellmeifthereis/are…..aroundhere
二十九、beinterestedin=takeaninterestin+n/doing
三十、宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事1prefertodosthratherthandosth2wouldratherdosththandosth3preferdoingtodoingsth注ratherthan后面的动词形式与前面的并列成分一致
三十一、lookfor寻找find找到、发现findout查明、弄清楚
三十二、beconvenienttodosth方便做某事
三十三、havefun=haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得高兴havefundoingsth做某事很愉快
三十四、agoodplacetodosth做某事的好地方
三十五、dressupas….打扮成
三十五、when(一般后跟过去时)while(一般后跟进行时)
三十六、it’snecessarytodosth做某事很有必要
三十七、borrow…..from….向….借….lendsthtosb借给某人某物.keep借并保存一定时间.常与一段时间连用I’vekeptthisbookforaweek.我已经借了这本书一周了
三十八、wonder=wanttoknow想知道
三十九、trouble打扰、麻烦havetrouble/difficult/problem/ahardtime+doingsth做某事很困难
四十、inorderto……为了…..Inordernottobelateherushtothebusstop.
四十一、besupposedtodosth(不)应该做某事..
四十二、dropby顺便拜访
四十三、afterall毕竟捡起,挑选pickup指着pointatmakeanoise制造噪音沿着….一直走….walkdown…
四十四、make的用法make+adjmakesbdosthhearwatchseehave等用法相同(但变为被动语态时,其后加toMymothermademetowork5hours.Iwasmadetowork5hours.
四十五、makemistake犯错
四十六、辨析except/besidesexcept(除…..之外)EveryonewenttothebeachexceptJim.besides(除….之外,包括在内)IhavealotoffriendsbesidesMary.
四十七、findthinkit+adj+todosth.发现、认为做某事是……
四十八、不再…..not……anymoreanylonger=nomorenolonger语法专项动词的分类和时态
1、动词短语
(1)动词+介词lookatlistentolookafterlookforwaitfortakeafterdependonthinkofhandinhearfromhearofstudyfor等,此类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后Lookattheblackboard.Lookafteritcarefully.
(2)动词+副词turnoffturnonturnupturndownpickupsetupcheerupcleanupworkoutputupfixupcutupgiveoutgiveupgiveawayputawaythinkoverputoffuseuphandoutmixuplookupeatup等.此类动词后的宾语是名词时放在副词前后都可若是代词必须放在中间.Heturnoffthelightwhenheleft.Hepickeditupandgiveittome.⑶其他动词短语getalongwithtakeprideinpayattentiontomakegooduseofbeproudofkeepawayfrombebusywithbemadeofbegoodatbeinterestedincomeupwithbesatisfiedwith
三、非延续动词buylendborrowdiebeginstopfinisharrivejoingocome等不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,要用延续动词替换(详见现在完成时)
四、系动词bebecomegetlookseemturnsoundsmelltastefeelkeep
五、助动词behavehasdodoesdidwillshall详见P54Ⅰ、动词的五种基本形式详见P55Ⅱ、用法1一般现在时
1、肯定句主语+V原+其他Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.主语(三单)+V三单Sheplaystennisonceaweek.疑问句Do+主语+V原……?Does+主语(三单)+V原……?否定句主语+don’t+V原.主语(三单)+doesn’t+V原.
2、用法⑴表示经常或习惯性发生的动作⑵表示客观真理、事实Theearthgoesaroundthesun.⑶在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来ifassoonasuntilwhenIfitrainstomorrowwewon’tgotothepark.WhenIgrowupI’llgotoParis.
3、时间状语AlwaysoftensometimesusuallyonSundayonMondayafternooneveryday/month/year/weekinthemorningonceayeartwiceadaythreetimesaday等⑵一般过去时
1、⑴表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态Igotuplatethismorning.⑵表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作WhenIwasinthecountryside.Ioftenswamintheriver.Iusedtogofishing.
2、结构肯定句主语+V过去+其他Wevisitedthemuseumlastweek.MyfriendTomwenttothebeachyesterday.疑问句Did+主语+V原……?DidyougoshoppingwithhimDidshecookdinnerforherfamily否定句主语+didn’t+V原……Hedidn’tgotoseethemovielastSunday.
3、动词的规则变化
4、时间状语Yesterdaylastnight/week/year/monthlastSundayin1995theotherdayjustnowago等⑶一般将来时
1、用法1表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态其构成will+V原肯定句TheywillleaveforShanghainextweek.否定句Wewon’tvisithimtomorrow.疑问句WillyougotoShanghaiintwoweeks注当主语为I或we时,问句中可用shallwhereshallwemeettomorrow2begoingto+V原表示计划、打算做某事---whatareyougoingtodonextSunday---Iamgoingtolistentomusic.Lookatthecloudsthereisgoingtorain.3现在进行时be+Ving有时可以表示将来常用这种结构的动词gocomeleavestaystartarriveWe’releavingforLondon.
(4)现在进行时
1、构成肯定句主语+is/am/are+ving疑问句Is/Am/Are+主语+ving否定句主语+isn’t/amnot/aren’t+ving
2、用法1表示正在进行的动作I’mreadingbooknow.2表示现阶段正在进行的动作或状态Theyarestudyinghardthisterm.
3、时间状语nowthesedays当句中有looklistencan’tyouseecanyousee时Listen!Heissinging.5现在完成时
1、already/yet已经already一般用于肯定,与完成时态和进行时连用,也可以用于疑问句,表惊讶Ihavealreadyfinishedmywork.yet一般用于否定或疑问句HasshegonetoschoolyetHisparentshaven’tbeentoParisyet.
2、现在完成时表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作,常与forsince连用.现在完成时表示动作才刚结束,但影响还在Ihavelostmypen.结果是我的笔丢失了,我现在没有钢笔了--haveyoufoundyourwatchyet--NoIhaven’tfoundityet.Ihavelivedherefor10years.我已经在这里住了10年(可能还会继续住下去)
3、结构肯定句主语+have/has+V过分疑问句Have/Has+主语+V过分否定句主语+haven’t/hasn’t+V过分
4、时间状语yetalreadyrecentlyjustoncenevereversofarthesedays.since+过去的时间点/过去时态for+一段时间inthelastpast+一段时间
5、延续和非延续动词在现在完成时中,有些动词不能与一段时间搭配,所以在与forsince引导的肯定句搭配时,要用其他动词替代buy---haveborrow---keepdie---bedeadgo/leave/move---beawayfrombegin/start---beonfallasleep---beasleepfinish/end---beoverjoin---bein/bea+名词come---behereopen---beopenclose---beclosedI’velefttheschoolfor3years.I’vebeenawayfromtheschoolfor3years.
6、辨析have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohavehasbeeninhave/hasbeento…曾经去过某地,现在已经回来IhavebeentoParis3times.have/hasgoneto…去了某地,现在还没回来,可能还在路上--whereisyourfather---hehasgonetoShanghai.have/hasbeenin…已经在某地(呆了多久)MyfamilyhavebeeninChengdufor20years6过去进行时
1、结构was/were+doing
2、用法
①表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作---whatwereyoudoingat9:30lastnight---IwaswatchingTV.
3、when一般接一般过去时Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmyfathercamehome.while一般接进行时WhilemymotherwascleaningIwentout.Hewasplayingbasketballwhileshewasreadingbooks.
(7)过去完成时
1、过去完成时表示过去某个时间以前好或过去某个动作以前,已经发生的动作或状态(过去的过去)WhenIgottoschoolIrealizedIhadleftmybackpackathone.Bythetimeshegottoclasstheteacherhadstartedteaching.
2、结构had+V过分
3、时间状语bythetime+表示过去的时间状语从句,主句用过去完成时Bythetimewearrivedattheshopthebushadleft.动词、短语辨析
1、dressputonweardresssb/oneselfin给某人穿衣Shedressedherbabyinaredskirt.dressup打扮、装扮Thegirldressedherselfupantwenttotheparty.Puton(动作)穿上It’scoldoutsideputonyourcoat.wear=bein穿着、戴着LilywearsT-shirteveryday.=LilyisinT-shirteveryday.
2、arrivegetreacharrive+at/in+地点WhendidyouarriveinChengdugetto+地点Howdoyougettoschoolreach+地点Whenshereachedthesupermarkethermotherisshopping.
3、diedeaddeathdyingdie(动词)死亡→(过去时)diedHisfrienddied3yearsago.dead(die的过去分词,用于完成时,与forsince搭配)Hisfriendhasbeendeadfor3years.death(名词)死亡Hisdeathistheloss(损失)ofChina.dying垂死的Thepoormanisdying.
4、loseforgetleavelose丢失、失去forget忘记forgettodosth/forgetdoingsthleave+地点“把某物落在某地)
5、以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t---MustIfinishtheworktoday---Noyouneedn’t.---MayIcomein---Noyoumusn’t.非谓语动词
一、动词不定式
1、结构to+V原/notto+V原
2、用法
①作主语+V三单TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.
②作表语Myjobistocleantheroom.
③作宾语Helikestoplaysoccer.
④作宾语补足语Sheaskedmenottospeakloudly.
⑤作定语Haveyougotanythingtoeat
⑥作状语IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(表目的)注作宾语的不定式如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加介词Idon’thaveenoughtimetostudyforthetestsoIhavesomethingtoworryabout.Ineedaroomtolivein不定式作宾语wantrefusewishneedchoosehopeagreewouldlikeofferexpectdecideask+todosthIhopetofindagoodjobaftergraduatingfromschool.不定式作宾补tellaskwantallowgetwouldlikeencourage+sbnottodosthMymotherasksmenottoplaycomputergamesbeforefinishinghomework.不带to的不定式:whynot+do…Hadbetternotdosth.Wouldbetternotdo…Could/Would/Willyounotdo…..另外,有些感官动词和使役动词也不带to:Hearseewatchnoticefeelletmakehave+sbnotdo….但变为被动时,要加toThebossmadethemworkthewholeday.Theyweremadetoworkthewholeday.(被动)感叹句
(一)what引导
1、what+a/an+adj+可数名词单数+主语+谓语Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!
2、what+adj+可数名词复数、不可数名词+主语+谓语Whatsweetwateritis!
(二)how引导How+adj/adv+主语+谓语Howinterestingthefilmis!
(三)如何判断用what还是how凡是有a/an开头,多用what;凡是adj直接加名词的,多用what;其他一般用how.状语从句
一、时间状语从句whenwhileasbeforeaftersinceuntilassoonas.1当主语是一般将来时或祈使句或有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时,“主将从现”I’llringyouassoonasIgettoschool.我一到学校就打电话给你2肯定句until=till直到I’llwaitforyouuntilyoucomeback.否定句until=beforenot….until直到….才……Ididn’tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.
二、条件状语从句ifaslongas(只要)unless(除非)主将从现I’llvisityouifitdoesn’traintomorrow.Useyourheadandyou’llfindaway.Unlessyouworkhardyou’llgetagoodjob.Ifthetrafficlightsaregreenyoucancrossthestreet.宾语从句
一、宾语从句的语态宾语从句要用陈述语态---Doyouknow______forShanghailastnightA.whattimeheleavesB.whattimedidheleaveC.whattimeheleft.
二、主句与从句时态一致
1、如果主句用现在的某个时态,宾语从句视实际情况而定Iwonderifyoucanhelpme.我想知道你是否能帮我
2、主过---从过HetoldmethathewouldtakepartinEnglishclub.他告诉我他将参加英语俱乐部HeaskedmeifIusedhisbike.他问我是否我用过他的自行车
3、如果是客观事实,宾语从句用一般现在时Jimtoldmethattheearthisround.Jim告诉我地球是圆的
三、连接词
1、that可省略,that作主语时不能省
2、whatwhichwhowhosewhomHeaskedmewhosethebookis.
3、whenhowwherewhyCouldyoutellmewheretherestaurantis.Doyouknowhowtogettothebank
4、if/whether是否以下情况只能用whether:与ornot连用Canyoutellmewhetherwegoornot.作介词后的宾语从句I’mworriedaboutwhetherweshouldstudyeachother跟不定式todoHaveyoudecidedwhethertogowithus.定语从句的用法定语从句中只能使用that的情况
1.当先行词为anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时,只能使用“that”例IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou我能给你做点什么吗?
2.当先行词为all,any,much,many词时,只能使用“that”例Tomtoldhermotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈
3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用“that”例ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.这是我度过的最美好的时光
4.当先行词是序数词修饰时,只能使用“that”例Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人
5.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时,只能使用“that”例Thiswillbethelastchancethathecanget.这将会是他得到的唯一机会 Heistheonlypersonthatcanhelpyouout.他是唯一能帮你的人
6.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能使用“that”例Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人
7.当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时,只能使用“that”例Whichisthebookthatheboughtfromthelibraryyesterday哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书?注意●指物时,在介词后只能用which,而不能用that.●定词从句修饰代表地点、时间的先行词时要看代表先行词的关系词在定语从句中是否作谓语动词的宾语.如作动词的宾语就要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句.反之要用关系副词where(表地点)或when(表时间)在定语从句中作状语.如:Marywouldneverforgettheeveningwhenshelostthebook.I’vebeentothecitythatyouvisitedlastweek.被动语态注意事项●构成被动语态表明一个被动性动作,它由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成一般现在时am/is/are+pp.一般过去时was/were+pp.一般将来时willbe+pp.am/is/aregoingtobe+pp.情态动词may/can/must/shouldbe+pp.被动语态否定式为benot+pp.,情态动词被动语态否定式为情态动词+notbe+pp..●主动语态变为被动语态时,通常将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语;主动语态的主语变为由介词by引导的宾语;谓语动词变为被动语态“be+过去分词”形式,例如Everyonelikestheinterestingfilm.主动语态→Theinterestingfilmislikedbyeveryone.被动语态Theyusedknivestocutthings.主动语态→Knivesareusedtocutthings.被动语态●某些动词可以跟双宾语如give、pass、bring、write;buy、make等,在变为被动语态时如果直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语,则间接宾语通常由介词to、for引出例如Mysistergavemeanicewatchformybirthday.→Anicewatchwasgiventomebymysisterformybirthday.我过生日时收到了姐姐的一块手表Theyhaveboughtusmanybooks.→Manybookshavebeenboughtforusbythem.很多书都是由他们给我们买的●某些动词make、hear、see、watch等在主动语态中,其宾语补足语要求用不带to的不定式但在变为被动语态时通常省略的不定式符号to必须恢复如Hemadeuscleantheclassroomafterschool.→Weweremadetocleantheclassroomafterschool.我们被迫在放学后打扫教室Isawhimcomeintotheroom.→Hewasseentocomeintotheroom.人们看见他进了屋子●在主动语态中如果谓语动词是含有介词或副词的短语动词,变为被动语态时不能丢掉该介词或副词如Theymusttakegoodcareofthechildren.→Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.孩子们必须小心照看●英语中某些动词如sell、lock、draw、smell、touch、feel、sounds、write、beworthdoing、sth.needsdoing等可以用主动表示被动意义如Thiskindofbookssellswell.这种书畅销Thedoorwon’tlock.门锁不上。