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高中英语时态语态讲解
1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作;表示客观规律和永恒真理;按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作(一般指时刻表)等Heusuallygoestoworkat7o’clockeverymorning.ThetraintoShanghaileavesat7am.考点一表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时如IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.考点二在时间、方式、让步和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有时间whenuntilafterbeforeassoonasoncethemoment/theminutetheday;条件ifunlessprovided.Ifheacceptsthejobhewillgetmoremoneysoon. 只要他努力工作,我不介意他什么时候做完试验
2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动;或表感情色彩,加强语气与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等) WearehavingEnglishclass.Thehouseisbeingbuiltthesedays. Thelittleboyisalwaysmakingtrouble.考点一在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作 Lookoutwhenyouarecrossingthestreet.Dontwakehimupifheisstillsleepingat7tomorrowmorning.考点二表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)MarryisleavingonFriday.
3、现在完成时
(1)非延续动作动作发生在过去,对现在有影响
(2)延续性动作动作和状态的持续现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语考点一for+时间段;since+时间点TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears. TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince
1995.考点二常见的不确定的时间状语lately;recentlyjustalreadyyetuptonow;tillnow;sofarthesedays Hasitstoppedrainingyet考点三在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时inthepast;overthepast;duringthelast等 考点四表示“第几次做某事,”或在“Itisthebestworstmostinteresting+名词+that”后面主句是一般现在时态时,从句用现在完成时ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.4.一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去常跟明确的过去时间连用注意考点一usedto+do,表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作be/become/getusedto+doing,表示习惯于Heusedtosmokealot.Hehasgotusedtogettingupearly.考点二在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时Hepromisedtobuymeacomputerifhegotaraise
5.过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作 Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork. Hewastakingawalkleisurelybythelakewhenheheardsomeoneshoutedforhelp.
6.过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用 Theyfinishedearlierthanwehadexpected.也可表示截止过去的某个时间动作的完成一般有by+表示过去的时间Wehadfinishedtheprojectbytheendoflastmonth.考点一用于hardly/scarcely...when;nosooner...than句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.考点二表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时 Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.考点三动词hopeexpectthinkintendmeanwantsupposeplan用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图IhadintendedtoseeyoubutIwastoobusy.
7.一般将来时表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况常和表示将来的时间状语连用考点一某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrivecomegoleavestart等,用现在进行时形式表示将来IamleavingforBeijingtomorrow.考点二“祈使句+and/or+句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.考点三“amisaregoingto+动词原形”,表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事“amisareaboutto+动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作,不与表示将来的时间状语一起使用“amisareto+动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事TheyaretobemarriedinthisMay.
8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作I’llbedoingmyhomeworkthistimetomorrow.明天这会我正在写作业
9、将来完成时表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显考点一常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间Bytheendofnextmonthhewillhavetraveled1000milesonfoot.考点二在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时则由现在完成时表示Thechildrenwilldotheirhomeworkthemomenttheyhavearrivedbackfromschool.
10.现在完成进行时态一个动作始于过去并持续到现在,并强调现在还在进行,也有可能还会持续下去Shehasbeenreadingthenovelsince9am.Shehasreadthenovelbefore.
11.动词的语态考点一不能用于被动语态的动词和词组 cometrueconsistoftakeplacehappenbecomeriseoccurbelongbreakoutappeararrivediefalllastexistfailsucceed考点二下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义而且常与wellquiteeasilybadly等副词连用lock;wash;sell;read;wear;write;break Glassbreakseasily.玻璃容易破碎Thecaselockseasily.这箱子很好锁Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销考点三一些常用经典被动句型 Itissaid…Itisreported…Itiswidelybelieved…,Itisexpected…Itisestimated… 这些句子一般翻译为“据说……”,“人们认为……”,而“以前人们认为……”则应该说Itwasbelieved…Itwasthought
1.—Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit—I’msorryI________anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’sprettyonyou.A.wasn’tsaying B.don’tsayC.won’tsay D.didn’tsay
2.IwonderwhyJenny________usrecently.Weshouldhaveheardfromherbynow.A.hasn’twritten B.doesn’twriteC.won’twrite D.hadn’twritten
3.—Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad—Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou________thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinished B.willfinishC.arefinishing D.finish
4.—Howlong________atthisjob—Since
1990.A.wereyouemployed B.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployed D.willyoubeemployed
5.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium________inBeijing.A.wouldbecompleted B.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompleted D.hadbeencompleted
6.Thelittlegirl________herheartoutbecauseshe________hertoybearandbelievedshewasn’tevergoingtofindit.A.hadcried;lost B.cried;hadlostC.hascried;haslost D.cries;haslost
7.—Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor—Ofcourse.Whatisit—I________ifyoucouldtellmehowtofilloutthisform.A.hadwondered B.waswonderingC.wouldwonder D.didwonder
8.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe________fromtheuniversitynextyear.A.willgraduate B.willhavegraduatedC.graduates D.istograduate
9.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho________forthespoiledchild.A.istoblame B.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblame D.shouldblame
10.Hehasbeenwritingthecompositionthewholemorningandhestill________.A.hasbeen B.does C.has D.is
11.Ifcitynoises________fromincreasing,people________shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhaveto B.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhaveto D.donotkeep;haveto
12.Theprice________,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A.wentdown B.willgodownC.hasgonedown D.wasgoingdown
13.—Howlong________eachotherbeforethey________married—Foraboutayear.A.havetheyknown;get B.didtheyknow;getC.dotheyknow;aregoingtoget D.hadtheyknown;got
14.Youcan’tmoveinrightnow.Thehouse________.A.haspainted B.ispaintedC.isbeingpainted D.ispainting
15.—Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!—Oh,I’mterriblysorry.________.A.I’mnotnoticing B.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticed D.Idon’tnotice
16.ThereportersaidthattheUFO________easttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastraveling B.traveledC.hadbeentraveling D.wastotravel
17.Mrs.Wutoldmethathersister___________.A.leftabouttwohoursbefore B.wouldleaveabouttwohoursbeforeC.hasleftabouttwohoursago D.hadleftabouttwohoursbefore
18.Iturnedaroundandsaweverybody________atamanwho________loudlyinaforeignlanguage.A.wasstaring;wasshouting B.wasstaring;shoutingC.staring;shouting D.stared;shouted
19.Henryremainedsilentforamoment.He________.A.thought B.hadthoughtC.wasthinking D.wasthought
20.Wewouldliketogoandthankhimourselves,butwe________outhisaddressyet.A.haven’tfound B.hadn’tfoundC.didn’tfind D.don’tfind
21.Shirley________abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinished.A.haswritten B.wroteC.hadwritten D.waswriting
22.—Haveyougotyourtestresult—Notyet.Thepapers________.A.arenotcorrectingB.havenotcorrectedC.arestillbeingcorrectedD.havealreadybeencorrected
23.Seetheclouds!It________rain!A.will B.isgoingto C.must D.certainly
24.DoIhavetotakethismedicineIt________soterrible.A.tastes B.istasting C.istasted D.hastasted
25.Astorm________byacalm.A.isoftenbeingfollowed B.wasoftenfollowedC.isoftenfollowed D.hasoftenbeenfollowed
26.Thetelephone________fourtimesinthelasthour,andeachtimeit________formyroommate.A.hasrung;was B.hasbeenringing;isC.hadrung;was D.rang;hasbeen
27.—DoyouknowwhenTom________fromabroad—Perhapsitwillbealongtimebeforehe________.A.willcome;willcome B.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comes D.comes;comes
28.MyunclesaidthathewouldtelephonebutI________fromhimsofar.A.didn’thear B.hadn’theardC.haven’theard D.won’thear。