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Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumourspecially=onpurpose故意地;专门地不是为了别的,而只是为了某一目的而专门采用的某种方式如Icameherespeciallytoseeyou.especially=particularly=inparticular=inespecial特别地;尤其是;特别是,通常用来对前面所叙述的事情作进一步说明或补充,是有意突出到显眼或例外的程度,强调“超过其他,与众不同”,在介词或连词前用得较多如IlikeHarbinespeciallyinsummer.particularly表“特别地,尤其地”,可以与especially互换,但particularly还可作“详细地,细致地”讲1Thedoctortoldthepatientspeciallynottodrink.2Pleasedescribetheeventfullyandparticularly.
1.Ilikemyhometown_______inspring.
2.Theseshoeswere_______madeforyou.
3.Acommitteehasbeen_______appointedtolookintothematter.
4.Wedidverywellinthisexam_______ourmonitor.Key:
1.especially/particularly
2.specially
3.specially
4.especiallycommon意为“普通的,平常的”,指常见的,常发生的,不足为奇的usual意为“通常的,习惯性的”,可用于一切频繁发生的事情ordinary意为“通常的,普通的,日常的,随时都可以碰到的”,与common意思接近
1.Hearrivedlaterthan_______.
2.Rabbitsandfoxesare_______inBritain.
3.TomSawyerwasa/an_______Americanboywhokeptgettingintotrouble.
4.Our_______workdayiseighthours.
5.He’snotanofficerbuta/an________soldier.Key:
1.usual
2.common
3.ordinary
4.ordinary
5.common/ordinaryconvince“说服”,着重理智方面的“辩论,证明”persuade“说服”,着重情感上的“劝告”或“说服某人做/不做某事”
1.He_______methatIshouldstudylaw.
2.He_______menottostay.
3.Theofficialswereeagerto_______usofthesafetyofthenuclearreactors.
4.I_____convinceIsawyoutherebutitmusthavebeensomeoneelse.
5.Howcanwepersuadehiminto____joinusKey:
1.convinced
2.convinced/persuaded
3.convince
4.wasconvinced
5.joining
2.HegaveahumorousaccountoftheirtriptoSpainfirst.
4.Henowfeltreadytotakeontheroleofdirector.
6.I’mstuffed.Icouldn’teatanothermouthful.mouthfuln.一口;少量
1.contentvt.使满足;n.[u]满足;书的内容目录;容器里的东西adj.感到满足的容量;becontenttodosth.=bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事contentsb./oneselfwithsth.使某人/自己对……满意incontentandform在内容和形式上Myparentsarewellcontenttoliveinthecountry.Showmethecontentsofyoursuitcase.提示content用做形容词时,通常做表语、后置定语或状语,做前置定语要用contented,如acontentedexpression“满足的表情”;content前的修饰词用well,而不用very
1.Asthere’snocreamwe’llhavetocontentourselveswithblackcoffee.be/feelcontentwith对……感到满足toone’sheart’scontent尽情地;心满意足地
1.Simplepraiseisenoughtocontenthim.
2.IlikethestyleofthebookbutIdon’tlikethecontent.
3.Sheis/wascontenttostayathomelookingafterherchildren.
2.astonishvt.使惊诧;使吃惊astonishingadj.令人惊讶的astonishedadj.感到惊讶的toone‘sastonishment使某人万分惊讶的是inastonishment惊讶地beastonishedat/bysth.因/被……感到惊讶beastonishedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶Itastonishessb.that令某人惊讶的是beastonishedthat对感到惊讶
1.Itastonishedmethatnoonehasthoughtofthisbefore.
2.Wewereastonishedthatheappearedattheparty.
3.Ifinditquiteastonishingthatnoneofyouliketheplay.
3.entertainvt.使欢乐;款待entertainingadj.愉快的;有趣的entertainmentn.娱乐;款待entertainsb.tosth.用……招待/款待某人giveanentertainmenttosb.招待某人IusuallyentertainmyfriendstodinneronSundays.It’snotaveryseriousfilmbutagoodentertainment.
1.BobandLizentertainedustodinnerlastnight.
2.CouldyouentertainthechildrenforanhourwhileImakesupper哄孩子entertainsb.withsth./bydoingsth.用某物/通过做某事使某人欢乐
1.Heentertainedusforhourswithhisstoriesandjokes.
2.Hefellinthewatermuchtotheentertainmentofthechildren.
3.Wehiredamagiciantokeepthechildrenentertained.
4.convincevt.使信服;使确信;使认识convincingadj.令人信服的HowcanIconvinceyouofherhonestybe/feelfirmlyconvincedthat...确信;笃信;坚信……Wefinallyconvincedthemofouradventure.=Wefinallyconvincedthemtobelieveouradventure.convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信某事convincesb.todosth.说服某人做某事convincesb.that使某人相信beconvincedof/that坚信……;确信……[练习]根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词
1.WhatshesaidconvincedmethatIwasmistaken.
2.Isoonconvincedhimofmyinnocence.
3.Whatconvincedyoutovoteforthem
4.I’mconvincedthatheisguilty.
5.ThatwasthemostconvincingIhadeverheard.
5.directvt.vi.导演,指示,指挥adj.直的,直接的,直率的adv.径直地that从句用虚拟语气thedirectroad/train直通道路/直达列车beindirectcontactwithsb.与某人有直接的联系godirecttosp.直接去某地2Thepoliceofficershadbeendirectedtosearchthebuilding.
1.Canyoudirectmetothestation
2.Shehasadirectwayofspeaking.direct...at/towards/to/againstsb./sth.把……指向某人/事directsb.toaplace指引某人到某处directsb.todosth.指示/命令某人做某事directthatsb./sth.shoulddo/bedone指示/命令某人/事做/被做……
1.Hewasdirectedtoatablebesidethewindow.
2.Thejudgedirectedthatthemotherbegivencustodyofthechildren.
3.Therewasapoliceofficerdirectingthetraffic.
6.whisperv.n.耳语;私语;密谈
1.“Ifeelveryafraid”shewhispered.
2.Hespokeinawhisper.whispersth.小声说某事whispertosb.小声对某人说whispersth.tosb.小声对某人说某事inawhisper=inwhispers低声地whisperaboutsth.密谈某事Itiswhisperedthat...有人私下说……whispertosb.对某人窃窃私语1Theydebateditinawhisper=inwhispers.2Thetwogirlswerewhisperinginthelibrary.3Afterafewminuteshewhisperedtheanswerinthecreature’sear.4Itwaswhisperedthathewasheavilyindebt.据说他负债累累提示whisper后接双宾语时,间接宾语无论在前还是在后,其前都要带介词to即whispersth.tosb.=whispertosb.sth.类似结构还有announcesth.tosb.向某人宣布……explainsth.tosb.向某人解释……introducesth.tosb.向某人介绍……suggeststh.tosb.向某人提议reportsth.tosb.向某人报告whispertosb.that…小声对某人说……whisperthat…小声说……
1.Hewhisperedawordinmyear.
2.Hewhisperedtohersothatnooneelsewouldhear.
3.Itiswhisperedthatthefirmislikelytogobankrupt.
1.badlyoff过得很差;穷的;缺少的[做表语或定语]
1.Theyaretoobadlyofftohaveaholiday.
2.Weshouldn’tcomplainaboutbeingpoor---manyfamiliesaremuchworseoff.[反义词welloff过得很富;富的;富有的[做表语或定语]
1.Intheolddayspeoplewerebadlyoff/wereverypoor.
2.Thoughheisalwayswearingoldclothesheisnotas/sobadlyoffasyouthink.
3.Infactmostpeoplearebetteroffthantheywerefiveyeasago.Theschoolwasthenbadlyoffforteachers.当时学校缺少教师比较级worseoff和betteroff常常与than,ratherthan搭配使用如Iwenttohishomeandfoundhislivingconditionwasworseoffthanmine.
2.pickout挑出;辨别出领会Thewindowframesarepickedoutinblueagainstthewhitewalls.pickoutsb./sth.from......从……中挑出/辨别出某人/物pickup捡起;让某人搭车;继续;摔倒后站起来;便宜地买到;接收节目;无意中学会整理;得到;学会;身体好转pickon选择某人或某物作受罚挨骂、干不愉快的工作的对象pickoff摘下,摘掉;逐个地或有选择地瞄准射中
1.Shewaspickedoutfromthousandsofapplicantsforthejob.
2.We’llpickupwherewefinishedyesterday.
3.ShesoonpickedupFrenchwhenshewenttoliveinFrance.
4.Pickoutthosebooksthatyou’dliketoread.
3.cutoff切断供应等;断绝联系等分离,隔离常跟from,中断
1.Ourwatersupplyhasbeencutoff.
2.Ifyoudon’tpayyourgasbillsoonyoumaybecutoff.cutdown砍倒;削减疾病等夺去生命;cutin插嘴cutup切碎切掉;使丧气,使痛心cutsthinhalf/two把某物切割成两半cutsthintohalves/thirds/quarters/pieces把某物切割成两半/三瓣/四瓣/切碎cutacross抄近路穿过;对直穿过cutaway切掉,剪掉;逃走,跑开cutout切掉;删掉2Justwhenshehadreachedthemostimportantpointwewerecutoff.3Wewerecompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.
1.Thevillagewascutofffromtheoutsideworldbytheheavysnowfordays.
2.Shealwayscutsinwhenotherpeoplearetalking.
3.Iwon’thaveacigarettethanks---I’mtryingtocutdownonthem.
4.Hewasasking400forthecarbutwecuthimdownto£
350.
5.Shecutupthevegetablesandthenputthemintothehotpot.
4.starin在……主演;担任主角Sheistostarinanewfilm.starsbinsth.使某人担任主角;由某人主演
1.BenKingsleystarredinthefilm“Gandhi”.
2.ThedirectorwantedtostarMichaelCaineinhisnewfilm.
1.NotthatCharlie’sownlifewaseasy!倒不是说查理自己的生活是轻松的[解释]notthat“并非,倒不是说”,用于句首或短语之前,表否定含义如WhowereyouwithlastnightNotthatIcareofcourse.你昨晚和谁在一起?当然我不计较
1.Katehadlostsomeweight---notthatIcare我倒不关心.
2.Notthatitmatters我并不是说这个很要紧buthowdidyouspendthemoneyIgaveyou
2.YoumayfinditastonishingthatCharliewastaughttosingassoonashecouldspeakanddanceassoonashecouldwalk.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语结构中,宾语与补足语有主动关系,表示“动作正在发生”,v-ing可用在感官动词seenoticewatchlookatfindhearlistentofeelcatch,smell和表示“致使”意义的动词gethavekeepleave后作宾语补足语
1.It’snotsurprisingthatyou’reputtingonweightconsideringhowmuchyou’reeating.
2.Shecaughtthemstealingherapples.Inhisteens3课文佳句背诵与仿写(旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力)
1.【原句】AsVictorHugooncesaid“Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface”anduptonownobodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlieChaplin.句子结构as引导非限制性定语从句,否定意义的词与比较级连用AscanbeconcludedfromthepassageprotectingourselvesisensuringourfutureanduptonownobodyhasbeenabletogetabetterunderstandingofitthanLiuXiang.Asiswellknowntousall‘Failureisthemotherofsuccess’anduptonownobodyhasbeenmoreabletounderstanditthanLiMing.2.YoumayfinditastonishingthatCharliewastaughttosingassoonashecouldspeakanddanceassoonashecouldwalk.Youmayfinditexcitingthatyoucangetintouchwithyourfriendsinanothercitiesassoonasyougetonline.YoumayfinditworthwhilethatyoucangethighmarksinEnglishexamsassoonasyouputyourheartintoit.
3.Theyaresohungrythattheytryboilingapairofleathershoesfortheirdinner.Hewassoconcentratedonhisbookthatheevenforgothisdinner.Hewassoindependentthathewouldliketosupporthimselfbyhisownlabour.
4.Heislovedandrememberedasagreatactorwhocouldinspirepeoplewithgreatconfidence.LiuXiangislovedandrespectedasanathletewhocouldfacefailurewithgreatcourage.Mr.Whiteislovedandrespectedasaforeignerteacherwhoiswillingtohelpthepoorstudentswithoutanypay.particularadj.n.特殊的,特别的;细节;细目→particularlyadv.特别地,挑剔地occasionn.时刻;场合worseoff境况更差,更糟糕insearchof寻找burstinto突然发出bringout产生;引起intheopenair在户外,在野外keepto坚持;固守“Wellitcertainlywillbethismorning,”themansaid“becauseIhappentobeflyingit!”asmallroundblackhat.beovercomebysth.……使某人垮掉,……使某人昏迷beovercomewithemotion/excitement/horror/grief因情感/兴奋/恐怖/悲伤而不能自持1InthefinalgameSwedeneasilyovercameFrance.2Herparentswereovercomewithgriefatthefuneral.3Thedeadwomanhadbeenovercomebysmoke.7.particularadj.特殊的,特别的,挑剔的n.细节,细目beparticularto是……特有的beparticularabout/oversth.对……讲究,挑剔inparticular尤其,特别,格外1Thecoconutisparticulartothetropics.2Sheisparticularaboutherclothes.reacttosth.对……作出反应reactonupon对……起作用,对……有影响,对……起反应reactagainst反抗,反对1Howdidhereacttothenews2Willthepeopleeverreactagainstthisdictator3Applausereactson/uponaspeaker.bebadlyoffforsth.某物短缺,不够=beshortof/lackofbewelloff有钱的,富裕的bewelloffforsth.某方面是充裕的1IhavegotabigroomsoI‘mnottoobadlyoff.我有一间蛮大的屋子,所以住得还不坏2Wewerebadlyoffforstoragespaceinthenewoffices.4Sheisbadlyoffforfriends.4Iwenttohishomeandfoundhislivingconditionswereworseoffthanmine.1as引导定语从句,修饰后面整个句子,此时,定语从句的位置比较灵活,可放在句首、句中或句末,译为“正如,正像”
①Asallhisfriendsagreehewasunusuallywarm-heartedlovingandgenerous.
②Iamasyoucanimagineshortenoughofmoney.
③Hewasateacheraswasclearfromhismanner.2uptonow是多用于现在完成时的时间状语,常可与untilnowbynowsofar互换3...nobodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlieChaplin.当形容词或副词的比较级出现在否定句中时,往往不表示否定的意义而是表示充分的肯定Ican’tagreemore.=Icompletelyagree.
[1] —ShallIgiveyouarideasyoulivesofaraway—Thankyou.______.A.Itcouldn‘tbebetter B.OfcourseyoucanC.IfyoulikeD.Itsuptoyou答案A解析Itcouldntbebetter.“再好不过了”,相当于Itsthebest.happentodo/be碰巧.句型Sb.happenstodosth.可以转换成Ithappensthatsb.doessth.,
①WhenIwenttoseehimhehappenedtobeawayonholiday.=WhenIwenttoseehimithappenedthathewasawayonholiday.
②JosephcametoborrowmyskiingboardsyesterdaybutIhappenedtohavelentthemtomycousinlastweek.=...butithappenedthatIlentthemtomycousinlastweek.
[2] Whenthebridgefelldownseveralcarshappened______onit.A.torunB.runningC.toberunningD.thattheywererunning答案Casmallroundblackhat中的hat前有三个形容词做定语,在英语中多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序是限制词冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词+数词序数词、基数词+描绘性形容词nicegoodinterestingbeautiful...+特征形容词大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧+颜色形容词+国籍、出处+物质、材料+用途、类别+中心名词我们可以用下面的一段顺口溜来帮助记忆限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老颜色国籍出材料,作用类别紧跟着
1.1direct用于具体意义,指“中途不停地,径直地”2directly多用于抽象意义,表示“直接地”,还有“立即,马上”等意思directly还可用做连词引导时间状语从句,相当于assoonas1Directlyhecameineveryonewasquiet.2Hewentdirecttotheairport.3Themeasureaffectsmedirectly. 1.Thegovernmentcalledonustostopthebirdflufromspreadingthroughoutthecountry.2.Iwasnolongersatisfiedwiththelifethathadoncecontentedme.3.Youngasheishehasovercomealotofdifficulties.4.Thepenslidedfromhishand.1.2010·临川一中-Stayabitlonger;itsbeensuch______funhavingyouwithus.-Thanksanyway.Ivetoget______earlystarttomorrowmorning.A./;theB.a;anC./;anD.the;an答案C第一空因fun为不可数名词,所以不用冠词;第二空getanearlystart早早出发,固定用法beparticularabout“对……挑剔”,为固定搭配“瓶子上的说明书”用directions3.______ofthetruthofthereporthetoldhiscolleaguesaboutit.A.ConvincedB.ConvincingC.ToconvinceD.Havingconvinced答案A用于convincesb.ofsth.或beconvincedofsth.短语,该空做状语,应用convinced5.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen______butImgoingtostudyintheUSAinsummer.A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard答案D8.2010·湖北百校联考Herirresponsiblebehavior______herfathermanysleeplessnights.A.costsB.takesC.spendsD.pays答案A解析cost“使付出努力,使做不愉快的事”,符合语意“她不负责任的行为使她的父亲夜不能寐”10.—Howdoyou______toherunkindbehavior—Onlysilence.WhichofthefollowingiswrongA.answerB.reactC.replyD.respond答案A解析reactto意为“对……作出反应”;answer后面不接to;replyto“对……作出回答”;respondto“对……作出回答”11.2009·重庆一中Isithightimethatoursociety______thosewhoare______?A.carefor;badlyoffB.caredfor;badoffC.tocareabout;welloffD.caredabout;badlyoff解析carefor照顾,喜欢;careabout关心,在乎;bewelloff富裕的;bebadlyoff贫困的且Itishightimethat...从句中应该用过去时态13.Theoldmansatinthecorner______along.A.wellcontenttohaveadrinkB.wellcontentfromhavingadrinkC.quitecontentedhavingadrinkD.tobequitecontentedwithdrink答案A解析bewellcontenttodosth.意为“非常满足于做某事”15.Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when答案D解析when引导的从句做occasions的同位语22.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor____’’Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.’’A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading23.It’sawasteoftimehim.Heisnolongerinchargenow.A.askingB.toaskC.askedD.asks30.—Doyouknowabouttheaccidentwhichhappenedinthecenterofthecity—Yes.Butitwassometimewerealizedthetruth.A.beforeB.whenC.sinceD.until35.Heisonlytooreadytohelpothersseldom______refusingwhentheyturntohimforhelp.A.ifneverB.ifeverC.ifnotD.ifanythemeparkamuseoneselfavarietyofcharge...formakeaprofitcometolifegetcloseto【重点短语梳理】brightenthelivesof照亮某人的生活道路Insearchof寻找….ontheedgeof在…边沿Insilence沉默,不作声makeuseof使用Thebookslidoffmyknee.slide1过去式slid;过去分词slid或slidden;现在分词slidingslideinto(渐渐地;不知不觉地)进入;陷入(某种状态);let...slide对……放任不管;听任……自然发展contenttheteacher.反义词discontentcontent+todosth.Shewasnotcontenttoremainathome.content+that从句,I’mmorethancontentthatthey’vedoneeverythingIasked.
4、I’mastonishedthathedidn’tpasstheexam.同义词amaze,surprise;beastonishedtosee/learn...看到/得知……感觉很惊讶,如Hewasastonishedtoseehisfatherhere.beastonished+that从句,如Weareallgreatlyastonishedthatshehasfailed.
5、particularadj.特殊的;特别的n.细节;细目I’dlikeyoutogiveusfullparticularsofwhathappened.1作介词时,throughouttheday整天 throughoutone’slife终生throughouthistory在整个历史上 throughoutthecentury整个世纪throughoutthecountry(遍及)全国 throughoutthenight整个晚上2throughout作副词时,常用于句尾如Thehouseispaintedthroughout. 这所房子全部油漆了一遍
7、failuren.失败(者);破产;不及格failin失败;不及格;不足;缺乏fail+todosth.(表示否定)不能;没有,如Ifailedtopersuadehim.=Ifailedinpersuadinghim.withoutfail必定;务必3形容词failing与failed的区别failing指“失败中的;不及格的;减弱(或衰退)中的”,如failingmarriage瓦解中的婚姻;failinghealth每况愈下的健康状况;failed指“失败了的;不成功的;破产了的;倒闭了的”,如afailedcandidate落选的候选人;afailedfirm倒闭的公司1overcome常用在被动语态中表示“(感情等)压倒;使受不了”常和by,with搭配如Thechildwasovercomebywearinessandslept.Hewasovercomewithastonishment.2与fortunate相关的一些用法befortunatein在……方面很幸运如Hewasfortunateinhavingsuchnicefriends.fortunate+todosth.如Youareveryfortunatetohavefoundsuchapleasanthouse.fortunate+that从句,如It’sveryfortunatethatwehaveEmmahere.Itookonlyamouthfuloffoodandthenwenttoschool.mouth的复数形式是mouthsdirect+宾语+不定式,如Thegeneraldirectedthetroopstoattack.direct+that从句,如Thegeneraldirectedthatanadvanceshouldbemadethenextmorning.
12、starvt.vi.标上星号I’vestarredtheimportantarticlestoread.Sheistostarinanewfilm.她将在一部新影片中出任主角starin担任主角;主演同义词组playtheleadin2star也可作及物动词,意为“以……为主角”如Thedirectorwantedtostarherinthenewfilm.(常用被动语态)用星(星状物)装饰,如Thereisalawnstarredwithwhiteflowersinhergarden.过去式和过去分词都是starred;现在分词是starringhavegoodbadfortune运气好(不好);makeone’sfortune发财;发迹2fortune作“财富;财产”解时是可数名词;作“运气;幸运”解时是不可数名词swing作动词时,常常用swing+宾语+副词/介词的结构如Theyswungthemselvesdownfromthetopofthewall.2swing的过去式和过去分词都是swung;现在分词是swinging
1、bumpinto碰;撞;偶然遇见Inthedark,Ibumpedintoachair.knockinto撞上;撞见;偶然遇见eknockedintohisteacherinthestreetyesterday.1同义bumpinto,runinto,comeacross,knockinto,happentomeet...,meet...bychance,chancetomeet...2除了表示“偶然遇见”外,knockinto还表示“撞着某人(物)”如Theboyranfortheballandknockedintoaman.2bump既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词作不及物动词,表示“碰,撞”时,后面常跟against或into
2、attimes有时候Ifoundphysicsdifficulttounderstandattimes.近义词sometimesatonetime一度;过去曾经atthe/thattime那时候atalltimes一直;无论何时,相当于atanytimesatthesametime同时;但(与此同时),尽管如此
4、ontheedgeof在……边缘Hesatontheedgeofachair.近义词组ontheborderof2ontheedgeof还可引申为“即将;濒于”如Shewasontheedgeofscreamingatthesightofasnake.3-edged表示“有……刃(或锋)的,有……边(或棱)”的如asharp-edgedblade(锋利的刀刃);ablue-edgedhandkerchief(蓝边的手绢)Wepickeduptheconversationfromwherewehadleftit.(重新开始,继续)Shecutoffmyapology.她打断了我的道歉cutsb.short打断某人(的话)cutsth.short剪(切、割等)短某物;使某事缩短;使某事中断Dealwithamanashedealswithyou.以其人之道,还治其人之身2dealwith还有其他含义和……打交道,与……交往,如Theteachersshoulddealfairlywiththeirstudents.论述,涉及,如ThebookdealswithancientGreece.3dealwith与dowith的区别:dowith也可表示“处理;安排”,常常与can/could连用但与疑问词连用时,dowith应使用what连用,而dealwith与how连用inspiresb.withsth.用……鼓舞某人inspiresth.insb.激起某人心中的某事(情感)inspiresb.todosth.激励某人做某事befamousfor因为……而出名如Theplaceisfamousforgreentea.befamousas作为……而出名,如Hewasfamousasaleadingscientist.1asif从句中的内容有时有主观想像或夸大性的比喻,此时从句中常用虚拟语气其时态用法如下从句情况发生在主句之前,用过去完成时如Helooksasifhehadmetaghost.从句情况与主句同时发生,用一般过去时或过去进行时如Hetalkstomeasifhewere/wasmyleader.从句情况发生在主句之后,用过去将来时如Theblackskylooksasifitwouldfall.注意如果从句的内容发生的可能性很大,则不需要用虚拟语气2that在定语从句中可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等如先行词被序数词和形容词最高级所修饰如先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰如先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时如先行词既有人又有物时如Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.当句中已有who时,为避免重复如WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn用作关系代词,修饰表示时间的名词如day,time,moment等,代替when例如Ithappenedonthedaythat/whenIwasborn.这件事发生在我出生的那天表语和主语的位置可以互换Herdutyistakingcareofthebabies.=Takingcareofthebabiesisherduty.不定式也同样可以作句子的表语,所表达的意义也非常接近,但两者也有一定的区别一般说来,动名词多表示一般行为和状态,而不定式则强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作
一、动词-ing形式作表语
1.表示主语的内容可以转换到句首作主语Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.=keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob
2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态动词ing相当一个形容词) Theproblemisquitepuzzling.全析提示动词-ing形式作表语时,其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语,但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语Whatworriesmemostisherstayingtoolateeverynight.
二、动词-ing形式作定语1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreadingrunningshoes=shoesforrunningaworkingmethod=amethodforworking工作方法
②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping发展中国家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起来很普通的房子apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody困扰人的问题2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面做后置定语,相当于一个定语从句Theylivedinahousefacingsouth.=whichisfacingsouth他们住在一所朝南的房子里Doyouknowtheboyplayingbasket(=Whoisplayingbasket你认识在打篮球的那个男孩吗?ThemanvisitingJapan=themanwhoisvisitingJapanismyuncle正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔
三、动词-ing形式作宾补当主句转换为被动结构时原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语Theyfoundthefilmveryexciting.=Thefilmisfoundveryexciting.
3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词,(常见的有seehearfeelsmellfindnoticeobservelookatlistento等)+sb+doingsth(作宾补)Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.2表示指使意义的动词使役动词,(常见的有havesetkeepgetcatchleave等)+sb/sth+doingsth作宾补)Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.Iwon‘thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.究竟是现在分词还是动名词在句中作表语呢?下面介绍几种辨别的方法
(1)倒置法将句中的主语和表语位置互换,谓语不动,若新组成的句子与原句意思相符,句中v.+-ing形式就是动名词否则,就是现在分词例如HisjobisteachingEnglish.Hisjobisinteresting.他的工作有趣
(2)加入法在表语前加上副词very,so或more,most等句子通顺、意思明确者,为现在分词否则,为动名词如Myjobisinteresting.→Myjobisveryinteresting.(句子成立)故interesting为现在分词MyjobisteachingEnglish.→Myjobisvery(so)teachingEnglish.(句子不成立)故teaching是动名词作表语同理,我们还可以在表语后加个能作宾语的词,若句子成立应为动名词,否则,为现在分词如MyjobisteachingEnglish.→MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.句子成立,teaching为动名词Myjobisinteresting.→Myjobisinterestingyou.(加you后的句子不成立,故句中的interesting为现在分词)
(3)提问法能用how对表语提问的是现在分词,反之是动名词;能用what对表语提问的是动名词,反之,为现在分词如Myjobisinteresting.→Howisyourjob?用how提问,句意通顺,故表语是现在分词MyjobisteachingEnglish.→Whatisyourjob?用what对表语提问,句意通顺,故表语是动名词区别一个作定语的ing形式的动词是动名词还是现在分词,我们可以用这样的方法将被修饰的名词作主语,用be来连接带有ing的动词,如果逻辑上行得通,那就是现在分词,反之是动名词如把aflyingbird换成abirdisflying在逻辑上行得通,flying就是现在分词,而把adiningroom换成aroomisdining就行不通了,因此dining就是动名词当然,我们也可以把be换成for来进行检验,比如,把abarkingdog换成adogforbarking,结果不符合逻辑和常识,因此,barking是现在分词,而把aswimmingpool换成apoolforswimming就顺理成章了havenosenseofdirection是习惯用法,指没有方向感attimes,意为“有时候”atatime意为“每次;逐一;依次”;atonetime意为“同时;曾经”;atthetime意为“在那时”be/getcaughtin是固定搭配,指“突然碰上;突然遭受”,多用于被动结构bedisappointedat指“对……感到失望”;behonestwith指“对……说老实话”
1.atasteofEnglishhumour体味英语的幽默atasteofsuccess体验到成功的喜悦atasteformusic爱好音乐Haveatasteofthisteaplease.请尝一尝这种茶thetasteofpear梨子的滋味Thisteatastessweet.Hehadnttastedfoodforthreedays.他已三天不曾吃东西了(常与of连用)有特殊的味道Thissouptastesofchicken.这汤有鸡的味道Icaughttwomentryingtobreakintomyoffice.我恰巧看见两个人企图破门进入我的办公室burstintolaughter哈哈大笑纵情大笑depressedareas贫困地区Hisreadingachievementisdepressed.他的阅读能力低于一般水平liveinpeaceandcontent生活在安宁和满意之中Thecontentsoftheboxfellontothefloor.
6.NotthatCharlie’sownlifewaseasy!notthat倒不是NotthatIhatethework.Imnotstrongenoughforit.Heleftthelightson.他让灯亮着byhisteens在十多岁的时候overcomeonesshortcomings克服缺点Wewereovercomewithjoy.pickoff传感;发送;剥取 cutdown削减降低删减删节;杀死 cutup切碎可裁剪使伤心Hehasstarredinmanypictures.Shelacksconfidenceinherself.Hehastheconfidencetodenyit.writeasummaryof…写……的总结inyourownwords用你自己的话makeupadialogueofyourown编一个你自己的对话makeup弥补虚构缝制整理包装和解编辑化妆补足拼凑制造起草制定设置征收准备burstintolaughterathisbehaviour ononeoccasion曾经,有一次atnoextracharge不额外收费Therearethousandsofjokeswhichuse“playonwords”toamuseus.有成千上万个笑话用双关语来逗乐我们You’vebeencaughtcheatingnowyoumustfacethemusic承担后果受到惩罚面对危险.Heknockedintohisteacherinthestreetyesterday.Hestarredindozensoffilmsduringhislifetime.
11.The_____lookinhisfacesuggeststhatheishappy.A.exciting B.excitedC.excite D.excitement
12.Thefootballmatchwillbebroadcast______onTV.A.lively B.liveC.living D.alive
15.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor ______“Sorrytomissyou;Iwillcalllater.”A.read B.readsC.toread D.readingItseemedthatheatewhatwasleftwithgreatenjoyment.
4.Itisnot_____goodmannerstotalk______theirmouthfull.A./byB.awithC./withD.aby
10.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound___________inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked
15.To_____theotherplayerstheathlete_____alotofdifficultiesinhistraining.A.overcome;beatB.beat;overcameC.overcome;overcameD.beat;beatInoticedthemanhavingsomedifficultyinmovingthechairsoIrushedtohelphim.Peoplethinkitimpolitetowhisperatdinner.。