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Unit1重要词汇拓展1achievementn.成就,功绩→achievev.达到,完成,实现2welfaren福利事业,福利
3.projectn.方案计划设计,工程企业事业,科研项目;课外自修项目vi.
①伸出突出
②设想自已处身于into
4.specialistn.专家,专业工作者→specialadj.特殊的,专门的→specializevi.专攻,专门从事
5.connectionn.连接,关系→connectv.连接
6.conditionn.状况(不可数),条件(可数),环境(复数)onnocondition决不
7.organizationn.组织,机构,团体organize—vt.组织;筹备成立;使加入工会,使有条理
8.behavev.举止,表现→behaviorn.行为,举止
9.shaden.阴凉处v.遮住光线
10.▲worthwhileadj.值得的,值得做的Itisworthwhiledoingsth./todosth.worthadj.值……,值得……beworthdoingworthyadj.值得做的,可尊敬的beworthyofsth/beingdonebeworthytobedone
11.observev.观察,观测,遵守→observationn.观察,观测
12.respectv./n.尊敬,尊重,敬意→respectableadj.值得尊敬的,正派的,体面地→respectfuladj.有礼貌的,恭敬的
13.argue.v.争论,辩论→argumentn.争论,辩论argued-adj引起争论的
14.entertainment-n款待,娱乐entertain-v款待;招待,娱乐,抱有,怀着(想法、疑问)
15.crowdn.人群,观众v.挤满,使拥挤→crowdedadj.拥挤的
16.inspirev.鼓舞,激发→inspiredadj.受到鼓舞的,有灵感的→inspiringadj.鼓舞人的→inspirationn.鼓舞,灵感17supportv.支持,拥护→supportern.支持者,拥护者
18.refer-vi谈到,查阅,参考
19.intendv.计划,打算→intentionn.打算,目的,意图
20.considerateadj.考虑周到的→considerv.考虑,认为→considerationn考虑,体谅→consideringprep考虑到
21.kindadj仁慈的,和善的,友爱的kindness–n仁慈,好意,善良
22.deliverv.递送,生(小孩),接生,发表(演讲等)→deliveryn.投递,交货,分娩
23.modestadj谦虚的,谦让的,适度的重点短语梳理1devote…todoingsth.把…奉献给devoteoneselfto致力于,献身于bedevotedto专心致志于2humanbeings人类3moveoff离开,启程,出发4leada…life过着……的生活5crowdin涌上心头,涌入脑海6lookdownon/upon蔑视,瞧不起7referto查阅,参考,谈到其中,to为介词8bychance碰巧,凑巧
9.comeacross偶遇,碰见
10.carryon继续,坚持carryout实行,执行,完成
11.bedressedin穿着…dressas打扮成…
12.fightfor为….而战fightagainst与…战斗
13.puttodeath判死刑
14.concernoneselfwith…关注…注意…
15.intendtodosth./doingsth.打算做某事
16.intheshadeof在…的树荫下,在…的庇护下
17.gaindoctor’sdegree获得博士学位
18.beconsideredas被看做….
19.taketurnstodosth采取步骤做某事
20.doresearchon…做…方面的研究
21.meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着
22.bynow直到现在重点句型再现1Shespentyearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities.她花去多年的时间观察和记录它们的日常活动(spend+时间/金钱+doingsth花时间或金钱去做某事)2Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.她的母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙;这才使她得以开始自己的计划(only位于句首并修饰状语,句子要发生部分倒装,将助动词或联系动词置于主语之前)3FollowingJane’swayofstudingchimpsourgroupareallgoingtovisitthemintheforest.我们一行人将按照Jane研究猩猩的方法去森林里拜访他们(-ing作方式状语注意非谓语动词作状语时的区别-ing主动/进行/延续,-ed被动/过去,todo主动/将来)
4.Itseemedthatshehadbeenverybusyinherchosencarrertravellingabroadtostudyaswellaswritingbooksandarticles看起来她忙于所选择的和写作一样的到国外研究(Itseemedthat+从句似乎是,看起来好像是aswellas还有)
5.Whatmadehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessandconsiderationsheshowedtoallherpatients后来使她成功的是她对所有病人献出的爱心和体贴(Whatmadehersucceed主语从句了解what引导的名词性从句的译法,明白它们在句中的成分作主语、宾语、表语、同位语)语法剖析(主谓一致)主谓一致,指人称和数方面的一致关系分为:语法一致内容一致就近一致一语法一致原则:即主语为单数谓语用单数主语为复数谓语也用复数以下为注意事项:
1.单数主语即使后面带有withalongwithtogetherwithlike象but除了exceptbesidesaswellasnolessthanratherthan而不是includinginadditionto引导的短语谓语动词仍用单数如:Airaswellaswaterismatter. 空气和水都是物质Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner. 除了两个仆人外没有一个人迟来用餐
2.用and连接的并列主语如果主语是同一个人同一事同一概念谓语动词用单数否则用复数如:Thepoetandwriterhascome. 那位诗人兼作家来了.一个人Ahammerandasawareusefultools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具.两样物用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体如:breadandbutter黄油抹面包knifeandfork刀叉等作主语时谓语动词用单数
3.不定式短语动名词短语或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数.如:Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福.Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了
4.用连接的并列主语被eachevery或no修饰时谓语动词用单数.Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.Noteacherandnostudentwasabsentfromthemeeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙
5.eachof+复数代词谓语动词用单数.复数代词+each谓语动词用单数.如:Eachofushassomethingtosay.我们每个人都有话要说
6.若主语中有morethanone或manya/an尽管从意义上看是复数但它的谓语动词仍用单数但more+复数名词+thanone做主语时谓语动词仍用复数.如:Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.Morethanonestudentwaslate. 不只一个学生迟到Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一个人来帮助我们
7. none做主语时谓语动词可用单数也可用复数;但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数因而谓语动词要用单数.如:Noneofusareisperfect. 人无完人Noneofthisworriesme. 这事一点不使我着急
8.名词如:trousersscissorsclothesgoodsglasses等作主语时谓语动词必须用复数.如:Hisclothesaregood.但这些名词前若出现apairof谓语一般用单数.如:Apairofglassesisonthedesk.桌上有一副眼镜
9.形复意单名词如:news;以ics结尾的学科名称如:physicsmathematicseconomics;国名如:theUnitedStates;报纸名如:theNewTimes;书名如:ArabianNight天方夜谈;以及TheUnitedNations联合国等作主语时谓语动词用单数
10.“a+名词+andahalf““oneandahalf+名词”“thenumberof+名词”等作主语时谓语动词要用单数.如:Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.注意:oneortwo+复数名词作主语谓语动词用复数形式如:Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.参观了一两个地点二内容一致原则:
1.主语中有allhalfmosttherest等以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday. 剩下的自行车,今天出售60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了Mostoftheappleswererotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了
2.不定数量的词组如:partofalotoflotsofoneofanumberofplentyof等作主语时谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:Apartofthetextbookshavearrived. 一小部分教科书已运到Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbythepig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了
3.加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteenminusfiveisten.15减去5等于
104.表示时间金钱距离度量等的名词做主语时尽管是复数形式它们做为一个单一的概念时其谓语动词用单数.如:Tenmilesisagooddistance.十英里是一个相当的距离
5.1通常作复数的集体名词.包括policepeoplecattle等这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.2通常作不可数名词的集体名词.包括equipmentfurnitureclothingluggage等.3可作单数也可作复数的集体名词.包括audiencecommitteegovernmentfamilyenemygrouppartyteampublic等.如:Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim.委员会决定解雇他
6.the+形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物作主语时谓语动词用复数.如:Theinjuredweresavedafterthefire.三就近原则
1.由heretherewhere等引导的倒装句中有时主语不止一个时谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Herecomesthebus公共汽车来了.Hereisapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhileyouareaway你不在这儿的时候你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢?
2.用连词oreither....orneither….nornotonly….butalso等连接的并列主语谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致如Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit学生和老师都不知道这事.Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的钢笔注意:oneof+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句中定语从句的动词为复数如Maryisoneofthosepeoplewhokeeppets.玛丽是饲养宠物者之一Theonlyoneof+复数名词+who/that./which引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数Maryistheonlyoneofthosepeoplewhokeepspets.玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人
二、练习
21.-Whatdoesyourbrotherlooklike-__________.A.HelikeswatchingTV.B.Heisdisappointed.C.Heiswarm-hearted.D.Heistallandthinwithbrownhair.
22.TheSmithsmovedbacktothecountryin_____1990sandhavebeenleading______happylifeeversince.A.the;aB.the;不填C.不填;aD.不填;不填
23.Itwasreally________ofyourbrothernottoplaytheguitarwhileyouwerepreparingyourlessons.A.modestB.outspokenC.considerateD.determined
24.Theorganization________goalismainlytoimprovewomen’spositionintheworkplacewasfoundedin
1996.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whatD.ofwhat
25.-Anaughtboykepttalkinginclass.-Areyou_________MikeIt’sjustlikehimtobesorude!A.comingacrossB.lookingdowntoC.lookingforwardtoD.referringto
26.Atthattimeeducation__________forwhitesettlersonlyandfewblackpeoplehadthechancetogotoschool.A.intendedB.wasintendingC.hadintendedD.wasintended
27.Judgingfromthe__________lookofthestudentstheprofessormustbegivingareally_________speech.A.inspiring;inspiredB.inspired;inspiringC.inspiring;inspiringD.inspired;inspired
28.MycousinJimdidn’t________himselfatthepartyandthusleftaverybadimpressionontheguests.A.behaveB.observeC.supportD.respect
29.Pleaseleaveusyournameandaddressandwe’llhaveallthegoods________toyourdoor.A.deliverB.deliveringC.deliveredD.todeliver
30.-Don’tforgettocheckbehindthecarbeforeyoumoveoff.-OKI_________.A.don’tB.won’tC.willD.do
31.Don’twakeDoctorThompsonupunlessitisareal________;heistootiredandneedsagoodrest.A.campaignB.emergencyC.argumentD.connection
32.Hurryupboys.Onlyatthisrate_______abletoaffordaholiday.A.wemaybeB.maywebeC.wecanbeD.canwebe
33.Itwasthehardworkanddeterminationofthegeneration_________hadchangedtheopinionofpeopletowardsChinese.A.whyB.whenC.thatD.which
34.-If________I’mnotinwhenMarycallscanyoutakeamessage-Ofcourse.A.inreturnB.onpurposeC.bychanceD.intime
35.Scientistsacrosstheworld________formanyyearsaboutwhethertheplanetcontainslargeamountsofwater.A.argueB.arearguingC.hadarguedD.havebeenarguing
二、完形填空Adaughtercomplainedtoherfatherabouthowhardherlifewas.Shewas36andwantedtogiveup.Herfatherfilledthreepotswith37andplacedthemonthefire.Thedaughterlookedathiminastrangeway38whathewastryingtodo.Hethenputcarrotseggsandcoffeebeansineachpotrespectivelywithoutsayingaword.Halfanhourlaterhe39thefire.Hepulledthecarrotsandeggs40andplacedthemintwobowls.Thenhepouredthecoffeeinanotherbowl.Heaskedhisdaughtertofeelthe
41.Shedidand42thattheyweresoft.Hethenaskedhertotakeaneggand43it.Afterpullingofftheshellsheobservedthehard-boiledegg.Finallyheaskedherto44thecoffee.Shefrownedatthestrengthofthecoffee.45sheasked“WhatdoesitmeanFather”Heexplained“Eachofthem46thesame100degreesofboilingwater.47eachreacteddifferently.”“Aftergoingthroughtheboilingwaterthecarrotsbecame
48.Aneggiseasyto
49.Butnowitsinsidehasbecomehardened.Thecoffeebeanswere
50.Aftertheywereintheboilingwatertheybecamestrongerandricher.Whichareyou51adversityknocksonyourdooryoushouldactlikethecoffeebean.Thebeandoesnotgetitswonderful52untilitreaches100degrees.Whenthewatergetsthe53itjusttastesbetter.Whenthingsareattheirworstand54areattheirgreatestyoushouldmakemoreeffort.Thenyouwillwinsuccess.55youwillbecomesoftwithnostrengthlikecarrotsorhardenedlikeeggswithastiffheart.
36.A.excitedB.satisfiedC.tiredD.shocked
37.A.waterB.milkC.coffeeD.food
38.A.realizingB.believingC.wonderingD.admitting
39.A.turnedoffB.putdownC.lookedatD.setabout
40.A.upB.awayC.outD.in
41.A.eggsB.carrotsC.beansD.bowls
42.A.notedB.answeredC.provedD.doubted
43.A.fryB.cleanC.breakD.cook
44.A.makeB.tasteC.pourD.offer
45.A.PleasedB.FrightenedC.PuzzledD.Disappointed
46.A.facedB.fearedC.causedD.knew
47.A.ThusB.BesidesC.AnyhowD.However
48.A.softB.freshC.greenD.big
49.A.understandB.findC.moveD.damage
50.A.uniqueB.strangeC.commonD.lucky
51.A.BeforeB.ThoughC.BecauseD.When
52.A.flavorB.colorC.timeD.role
53.A.lowestB.deepestC.purestD.hottest
54.A.rulesB.trailsC.valuesD.views
55.A.OnthecontraryB.InotherwordsC.AsaresultD.Inaword
三、阅读理解A.JasonhadbeenwatchingtheXGamesonTV.Athletesfromallovertheworldwerecompetinginthemostamazingsports.Justthenhisgrandmotherwalkedintotheroom.“Iwanttobeextreme.WouldyoureallyletmedothatYoualwaysworryaboutmysafety!”saidJason.“Youwillhavetofollowsomerules”saidhisgrandmother.“Youcanonlyrideinthepark---neveronthestreets.Youhavetopromisetowearahelmet.IfyouhurtyourselftoomuchIhavetherighttotakeyourskateboardaway.Isitadeal”“Youbet!”Jasonwassoexcitedthathejumpedoffthesofa.Aweeklaterhehadaboardandahelmet.OnSaturdayhisgrandmotherdroppedhimoffnearthepark.Hewashappytohaveagrandmotherwholethimtrynewthings.Kidsintheparkweremovingquicklyupanddowntheramps.Theyflewintotheairandlandedaseasilyasbirds.WhenhewatchedtheXgamesJasonfeltlikehewasdoingthetrickshimself.Butwatchingthesekidsupcloseheknewthatnoneofitwasgoingtobeeasy.Hefeltalittlebitscared.Veryslowlyhecarriedhisboardtotheramp.Takingadeepbreathheputhisrightfootontheboard.Hekickedoffwithhisleftfoot.Forafewsecondsheglidedalongjustwaitingtofall.Thenhecametoastop.Kickingoffagainhewaitedfortheworsttohappen.Againhestayedup.Thethirdtimehekickedlosthisbalanceandfellhardonhisleftknee.Ithurtbutitwasnobigdeal!WhyhadhebeensoscaredNowhefeltcalmbecausethingshadgonewrongandhewasfine!Nexttimehekickedoffharderandwentfastandfarther.“Excellent!”saidagirlasshepassedhim.“Extreme!”laughedJasontohimself.“Notquite.”
56.Jason’sgrandmotheragreedtolethimtryskateboardingunless________.A.hefinishedhishomeworkB.helikedthesportC.heobservedsomerulesD.hewonabet
57.Jasonjumpedoffthesofabecause_________.A.hewasallowedtogoskateboardingB.hewasangryathisgrandmotherC.hewasgoingtoplayoutsideD.hewasgivenaboardandahelmet
58.AfterwatchingthekidsskateboardingintheparkJasonfeltskateboardingwas________.A.easyB.difficultC.boringD.exciting
59.ThegirlpraisedJasonforhis________.A.skillB.honestyC.courageD.kindnessB.JodyWilliamswasborninVermontin
1950.LikemanyteenagersofhergenerationshebecamedevotedtotheideaofpeacewhilebeingagainstthewarinVietnamwhenyoung.Inlate1991BobbyMullerpresidentoftheVietnamVeteransofAmericaFoundationcalledWilliamstoseeifshewasinterestedinworkingtogethertobanlandminesworldwide.Shewasgladtomakeuseoftheopportunitytopersuadenon-governmentalorganizationstosupportthisworthwhileidea.Millionsoflandminesremainburiedinthegroundincountriesaroundtheworldlongafterthewarsinwhichtheywereusedhaveended.InOctober1992theInternationalCampaigntoBanLandminesICBLwasformallysetup.TheICBLcalledforanendtotheuseproductionandtradeoflandmines.Asthecampaign’sleaderWilliamswroteandspokewidelyonthelandmineproblemandtheneedforatotalban.TogetherwithShawnRobertsshewroteabookthatdescribedthehiddencostsoflandmineusesuchasthelong-termeffectsoflandmines.Thelandminesmeanthatpeoplecannottravelorworksafely.Landgoesunusedcausingunemploymentandpoverty.Thereisalsothehugecostoftreatinglandminevictims.Theireffortswererewardedin1996whenameetinghostedbytheCanadiangovernmentagreedtowriteoutaninternationaltreatybanninglandmines.InDecember1997thetreatywassignedwiththesupportof122countries.InfiveyearsJodyWilliamsandtheICBLhaveachievedtheirgoalofintroducingalandmineban.TheNorwegianNobelPrizeCommitteeawardedWilliamsandtheICBLtheNobelPeacePrizeinthesameyear.Todatemorethan156countrieshavesignedthelandminebantreaty.
60.WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassageA.JodyWilliamsservedduringthewarinVietnam.B.BobbyMullerputforwardtheideaofbanninglandmines.C.JodyWilliamsis62yearsoldnow.D.122countriessignedthelandminebantreatyin
1997.
61.JodyWilliams’bookisabout________.A.howtoreducethebadeffectsoflandminesB.whatthepossiblebadeffectsoflandminesareC.howmuchitcoststoremovethehiddenlandminesD.whatthegovernmentcandotoremovethehiddenlandmines
62.Aninternationaltreatybanninglandmineswasmadein________.A.1991B.1992C.1996D.
199763.What’sthecorrectorderofthefollowingeventsa.TheInternationalCampaigntoBanLandminesICBLwasofficiallysetupb.BobbyMullercalledWilliamstotellabouthisgreatidea.c.Over156countriessignedthelandminebantreaty.d.JodyWilliamsreceivedtheNobelPeacePrize.A.badcB.abcdC.bdacD.acbdC.Hesleptinmyarmslastnightwithhislittleheadonmyshoulder.Istayedawakelisteningtohisbreathing.HesmiledinhissleepandIwonderedwhatcouldbefunnytoaone-year-oldbaby.Icouldsensethesafetyhefelt.Howevermyhomelifeiscompletelydifferentfromthescenethatgreetsmeeachmorningatwork.AsalawyeratEastlakeJuvenileCourtIalwaysseekidsthatsocietyhaslabeledtheworstoftheworstthe“thief”the“robber”thelistgoeson.Buttheyarestillchildren.AsIsitacrossfromthemIhaveachancetotalktothemabouttheirlivestheirhomesandtheirdreams.IsitthroughtearsIsitthroughangerbutmostlyIsitthroughhurt.Iseetheirparentsmostofwhomsitinthehallwaysdayafterdaywantingtotaketheirkidshome.Ialsoseemothersandfathersthatcometothecourtreadytowalkawayfromtheirchildrenforever.EachdayIseehopedestroyed.EverydaywhenIgohomeIholdmychildrentightlyinmyarmsandsay“Iloveyou”overandoveragain.Iliveintwoworldsoneofpromiseoneoftragedy.Nomatterwhattheyareaccusedofwhatcrimestheyhavecarriedoutandwhatsocietythinksofthemtheyareourchildrenandourfuture.
64.TheauthormentionshersoninParagraph1mainlytotellreaders_________.A.hersonislovelyB.it’shardtoraiseachildC.whatleadschildrentobreaklawsD.childrenshouldbetakengoodcareof
65.Theunderlinedword“labeled”inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby____.A.describedB.praisedC.chosenD.designed
66.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthechildrenwhobreaklaws.A.Relaxed.B.AngryC.Hopeful.D.Doubtful.
四、短文填词Thoughmyfatherisnowinhislatefortieshelooksyoungforhisa______.Heisverystrictwithmeespecially
67.________inmystudies.B______Iknowhelovesmedeeplyinhis
68.________heart.IrememberthatonceIf_______todowellinmymath
69.________exam.Iwasafraidthat______wouldmakemyfatherangry
70.________and________失望.TomysurprisehesaidIhadtriedmybest
71._________andofferedmeafewwordsto______(鼓励)me.Hetoldme
72._________thatthereisno_____(需要)tofeelbadaboutoneortwo
73.________failuresandthemosti_____thingistolearnsomethingfrom
74.________failureandnevergive_____.TodayisFather’sDayandI
75.________wanttosaythankyou_____myfather.
76.________
五、书面表达北京师范大学著名教授于丹将受邀来你校讲学请根据以下信息给你校英语报写一篇关于她的介绍,以便让同学们更多地了解她
1.于丹在中央电视台的电视讲座让人们了解了博大精深的中国古代文化;
2.她的语言风趣,幽默,深受很多人的喜欢;
3.受父亲的影响,她从小就很喜欢中国文学;
4.她不仅讲课生动,有趣,而且还是一名出版了许多书的作家注意1.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯2.词数100左右________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。