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高中英语所有语法
(1)表语从句1.定义用作表语的从句叫做表语从句2.构成关联词+简单句3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类1从属连词that如ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了2从属连词whetherasasif如Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起来还与十年前一样Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.问题是他们是否能帮我们注从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但asif却可引导表语从句,如Allthiswasovertwentyyearsagobutitsasifitwasonlyyesterday.这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词beseemlook等如Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.看起来天要下雨了3连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhichwhoeverwhateverwhichever连接副词wherewhenhowwhy如Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢Thequestionishowhedidit.问题是他是如何做此事的Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的解释1.连词because可引导表语从句如Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.我想这是因为你做得太多2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示,should可省略如Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartearlytomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发
(2)主语从句1.定义用作主语的从句叫做主语从句2.构成关联词+简单句3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类1从属连词that如Thattheywereintruthsisterswasclearfromthefacialresemblancebetweenthem.很明显,她们确是亲姐妹,她们的脸型很相似2从属连词whether如Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.他是否会来这里还不清楚3连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhichwhoeverwhateverwhichever连接副词wherewhenhowwhy如Whatshedidisnotyetknown.她干了什么尚不清楚Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.这事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚Whoevercomesiswelcome.不论谁来都欢迎Whereveryouareismyhome----myonlyhome.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家解释1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语常以it作形式主语的句型有A.It+be+形容词obvioustruenaturalsurprisinggoodwonderfulfunnypossiblelikelycertainprobableetc.+that从句如Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了B.It+be+名词词组nowonderanhonouragoodthingapitynosurpriseetc.+that从句如It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.很遗憾我们不能去It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.我们没赢这场比赛真意外C.It+be+过去分词saidreportedthoughtexpecteddecidedannouncedarrangedetc.+that从句如ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星D.It+seemhappen等不及物动词及短语+that从句如ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Alice似乎不来参加晚会IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了E.It+doesn’tmattermakesnodifferenceetc.+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句如Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.她是否来这无关紧要Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置如Isittruethatthescientistwillgiveusalecturenextweek下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗?Doesitmattermuchthattheywillnotcometomorrow他们明天不来很要紧吗?G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时,要以it作形式主语,而把主语从句后置如Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!孩子们这么安静真奇怪!2.注意连接代词whoeverwhateverwhichever等引导主语从句的含义Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.whoever=thepersonwho来的人将受到欢迎Whateverhedidwasright.whatever=thethingthat他所做的事情是正确的Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.whichever=anyoneofyouwho你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖
(3)宾语从句1.定义用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句2.构成关联词+简单句3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类1从属连词that如Hetoldusthathefeltill.他对我们说他感到不舒服Iknowhehasreturned.我知道他已经回来了注that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略在以下情况下,that不能省略1.EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened.and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕2.Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth.that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人3.ThatheeversaidsuchathingIsimplydon’tbelieve.that从句位于句首时,that不可省略我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话4.Wedecidedinviewofhisspecialcircumstancesthatwewouldadmithimforaprobationaryperiod.主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期2从属连词if/whether如Idoubtwhetherhewillsucceed.我怀疑他是否会成功Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.我不知道你能否帮助我3连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhichwhoeverwhateverwhichever连接副词wherewhenhowwhy如WhoorwhathewasMartinneverlearned.他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道Iwonderwhathe’swritingtomeabout.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事I’lltellyouwhyIaskedyoutocome.我会告诉你我为什么要你来Youmaydowhatyouwill.你可做任何你想做的事1介词宾语从句宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语如Hewasdeeplydispleasedbywhathadoccurredthatday.他对那天发生的事感到很不快Iwalkedovertowhereshesat.我走向她坐的地方Iamcuriousastowhathewillsay.我很想知道他要说什么Yoursuccesswilllargelydependuponwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做有时介词可以省略如Idon’tcareforwhomarrieshim.我不管谁跟他结婚Becarefulastohowyoudothat.你要注意做这件事的方式解释1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置如WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.他已表明他不会屈服2.作介词的宾语连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在exceptbutin后其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语如Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless.他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心YoumayrelyonitthatIshallhelpyou.你可以指望我会帮助你的介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导如Areyousorryforwhatyouvedone你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有suregladcertainpleasedhappyafraidsurprisedsatisfied等,连词that可省略如IamnotsurewhatIoughttodo.我不能确定我该做什么ImafraidyoudontunderstandwhatIsaid.恐怕你没领会我说的意思ImsurprisedthatIdidntseeallthatbefore.我好奇怪,我以前没看到过Motherwasverypleasedherdaughterhadpassedtheexams.妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。