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高中英语状语从句用法解析
一、定义在句中作状语的从句是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,状语从句放在句首时,要用逗号,放在句尾时不用
二、分类根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为
①时间状语从句
②地点状语从句
③原因状语从句
④目的状语从句
⑤条件状语从句
⑥结果状语从句
⑦让步状语从句
⑧方式状语从句
⑨比较状语从句
三、时间状语从句
(一)引导时间状语从句的连词有aswhenwheneverbeforeafterassoonasuntiltillsinceeverytimeonce.
(二)、“as”aswhenwhile都有“当……的时候”,可以互用Whenshewasachild.Whileshewasachild.SheLivedinParis.Asshewasachild.as有“一边…一边”的意思Hesangashewalked.“when” Whentheclockstrucktwelveallthelightswentout.Iwassleepingwhenshecamein.动补Whenwearrivedatthestationthetrainhadleft.“while”主、从句动作或状态同时发生用while引导的从句用延续性动词,常表示较长的时间或一个过程Whilewewerehavingsupperallthelightswentout.Pleasekeepquietwhileothersarestudying.WhileIwaswritingletterslastnighthewaswatchingTV.whenwhile并列连问when和while都可用作并列连问,连接并列分句When表示“就在……的时候”while意反而,可是,表示转折OneeveningBeethovenwaswalkinginastreetwhenhesuddenlystoppedoutsidealittlehouse.并列连词引导并列句,意思是就在那时
(三)、主句是一般将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来,主句是过去将来时,从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时,主句是一般过去时,从句用一般过去时
1.IllcallyouwhenIgetthere.
2.Theysaidtheywouldleavewhentheygotthenew.
3.Theyleftassoonastheygotthenew.Whenever无论什么时候,随时
1.Wheneversomeonethrowsinsomerubbishthetruckproducesapieceofmusic.每当有人扔进一些垃圾时,它(汽车)就放一段音乐
2.Wheneverwereintroubletheywillhelpus.
3.IgotothetheatrewheneverIamfree.
4.Comeandseemewheneveryouwantto.你随时来看我till和until表示“直到……”句首多用until
1、在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”,主句谓语动词要用延续性动词Iwaswaitinguntil/tillhearrived.
2、在否定句中表示“直到……才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词,这时until和till常被before替换Ididntleavetill/untilshecameback.since:主句用完成时,从句用一般过去时,since引导的从句间或可用现在完成时ItistwoyearssinceIhavestudiedEnglish.
1.Wehaveknowneachothersincewewerechildren.
2.Wehavebeenfriendseversincesincewemetatschool.
3.Itis……一段时间+since+一般过去时态句子Itistwoyearssincemysistermarried.……一段时间have/haspassedsince+一般过去时态句子Twosistershave/haspassedsincemysistermarried.Since+时间点
1.Ihavebeenathomesincethreeoclockthisafternoon.
2.MariahasbeeninChinasincetwoyearsago.*everytimeeachtimenexttimeEverytimeyougetbackatnightyoudropyourbootsonthefloor.EverytimeIcatchcoldIhavepaininmyback.everytime分写不可以合写比较everydayadj日常的,普通的everyday是名词短语,每天,天天NexttimeIgothereIwillvisitthem.*once一旦…就Onceyoubeginyoumustgoon.你一开了头,就应该继续下去
四、地点状语从句地点状语从句用wherewherever引导Weshouldgowherethepeopleneedus.我们应该去人民需要我们的地方Wherethereisawillthereisaway. 有志者,事竟成Wherevertheywenttheyreceivedawormwelcome. 无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎Shefollowhimwhosehegoes.他无论到哪里她总跟着
五、原因状语从句原因状语从句用because因为,since既然as由于引导
1、字母由多到少,语气由强到弱
2、由why提问必须用because回答Sinceas不回答why的提问,而且从句一般放在句首,because一般放在主句之后
3、beforeof+名词Becauseoftherainwedidntgotothepark.
4、because和so不可连用,只能选其一(另有althoughbut)WhydidnthecometoschoolBecausehewasill.SinceImustdieImust.既然我一定要死,我一定这样做SincealotofpeoplemakemistakesinlifeMrSmithwantedtogiveJohnaChance.
5、for并列连词,不能放在句首,主要放在两个并列句之间For所提供的理由为一个补充说明,而且前面常有逗号隔开ThedaysweshortforitisDecembernow.*改错Becauseheisillisthereasonwhyhecantcome. Because改为that
六、目的状语从句目的状语从句用so常用于口语thatsothatinorderthat引导目的状语从句的谓语常含有maymightcancouldshouldwould等情态动词
1.Wellsitnevertothefrontsowecanhearbetter.
2.Hestudiedhardsothathemightsucceed. 他努力学习,以便成功
3.Illspeakslowlysothatyoucantakenotes. 我慢慢讲,以便你们能做笔记
4.Theyhurriedtothestationinorderthattheycouldcatchthetrain.他们急忙赶往火车站,以便能赶上火车
5.ItookataxisothatIcouldgetthereearlier.
6.ImgoingtothelectureearlysothatImaygetagoodseat.我打算早些去听讲座,以便找个好座位
七、条件状语从句条件状语从句由ifunlesssoaslongas只需引导在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时(与时间状语从句相同)Wewillmissthetrainifyoudonthurry.Hesaidwewouldmissthetrainifwedidnthurry.Youwillfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.ifyoudontstudyhardHewontcomeunlessheisinvited.ifheisntinvitedEatlessfoodunlessyouwanttobecomefatter.ifyoudontwanttobecomebetterAslongasyouarenotafraidofdifficultiesyouaresuretosucceed.Aslongasyoudontloseheartyouwillsucceed.
八、结果状语从句结果状语从句由such…thatso….thatsothatthat引导
1.such…that的常用句型such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch+形容词+可数名词单数+thatSuch+形容词+可数名词复数(不可数名词)+that注意somanymuchfewlittle+名词,suchalotof或lotsof+名词是惯用法,不可乱用Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthatwealllikeher.Theyweresuchbeautifulflowerthatweboughthome.Itwassuchdeliciousfoodthattheyateitup.
2.so+形容词或副词+thatso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+thatHeissorichthathecanbuylotofthingsforhimself.Heworkssohardthathedideverythingwell.Itwassohotadaythatweallwentswimming.Itwassuchagooddaythatweallwentswimming.
3.sothatthat都可以引导结果状语从句Hedidntstudyhardsothathefailedtheexam.
4.too…toenough…to可以引导结果状语从句与so…that替换,so…that结构可以用too…to替换必须具备两个条件,一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致,二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有cancouldnot.Sheisyoungthatshecantgotoschool.Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.Sheisntoldenoughtogotoschool.
九、让步状语从句althoughthougheventhough=evenifwhether…orhowever=nomatterhowwhatever=nomatterwhatwhoever=nomatterwhowhenever=nomatterwhenwherever=nomatterwhere*although和though都表示“虽然”只是although更正式,多用于句首,而though用于句中,二者都可与yetstill连用,但不与but连用Although/Thoughtheyarepoortheyoftenhelpothers.Theyarepoorbuttheyoftenhelpothers.Althoughhehasfailedmanytimeshedoesntgiveuptrying.Whatever/NomatterwhatyousayIwontbelieveyou.NomatterwhatyousayIdontcare.Nomatterwhoyouareyoumustobeytherulesofourschool.Howeverhardhetriedhefailedagain.Nomatterwhattheweatherislikeyoucanalwaysfindsurfersoutridingthewaves.
十、方式状语从句方式状语从句由as如同,按照,asifthough引导*as和like都有“像”的意思,as是连词,后面连接句子,like是介词后面可加名词、代词或名词性短语Ididtheworkasothersdid.相当于Ididlikeothers.YoumustdoasIdo.asifthough两者意义相同,从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气,但实现可能性较大,则用连接词Itseemsasif/thoughitsgoingtorain.Theyaretalkingasif/thoughtheywereoldfriends.ShetreatsmeasifIwereherbrother.WhenyouareinhomedoastheRomansdo.例Youmustdo______Itoldyou.A.afterB.beforeC.whereD.asDThestudentsmustdo______theteachertoldthem.A.asB.beforeC.afterD.ifA
十一、比较状语从句比较状语从句由as…asnotasso…asthanthe+比较级,the+比较级引导Heswimsaswellasyou.doHedoesntswimaswellasyoudo.Hegothereearlierthanyou.didThebusierheisthehappierhefeels.英语语法状语从句类型综述状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点现分别列举如下:1.时间状语从句 常用引导词whenaswhileassoonaswhilebeforeaftersincetilluntil 特殊引导词theminutethemomentthesecondeverytimetheday,theinstantimmediatelydirectlynosooner…thanhardly…whenscarcely…when Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult. WhileJohnwaswatchingTVhiswifewascooking. Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard果园themomenttheysawtheguard. NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain. EverytimeIlistentoyouradviceIgetintotrouble. 2.地点状语从句 常用引导词where 特殊引导词whereveranywhereeverywhere Generallyairwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories. Whereveryougoyoushouldworkhard. 3.原因状语从句 常用引导词becausesinceassince 特殊引导词seeingthatnowthatinthatconsideringthatgiventhatconsideringthatinasmuchasinsomuchas MyfriendsdislikemebecauseI’mhandsomeandsuccessful. Nowthateverybodyhascomelet’sbeginourconference. Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore. Consideringthatheisnomorethan12yearsoldhisheightof
1.80misquiteremarkable. 4.目的状语从句 常用引导词sothatinorderthat 特殊引导词lestincaseforfearthat,inthehopethatforthepurposethattotheendthat Thebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem. Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly. 5.结果状语从句 常用引导词so…thatso…thatsuch…that 特殊引导词suchthattothedegreethattotheextentthattosuchadegreethat Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus. It’ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit. Tosuchandegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplastnight. 6.条件状语从句 常用引导词ifunless 特殊引导词as/solongasonlyifproviding/providedthatsupposethatincasethatonconditionthat We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees. Youwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying. Providedthatthereisnooppositionweshallholdthemeetinghere. 7.让步状语从句 常用引导词thoughalthoughevenifeventhough 特殊引导词as用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装,while一般用在句首,nomatter…,inspiteofthefactthatwhilewhateverwhoeverwhereverwheneverhoweverwhichever MuchasIrespecthimIcan’tagreetohisproposal. 尽管我很尊敬他,我却不同意他的建议 Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough. Nomatterhowhardhetriedshecouldnotchangehermind. Hewon’tlistenwhateveryoumaysay. 8.比较状语从句 常用引导词as同级比较than不同程度的比较 特殊引导词themore…themore…;justas…,so…;AistoBwhat/asXistoY;no…morethan;notAsomuchasB Sheisasbad-temperedashermother. Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours. Themoreyouexercisethehealthieryouwillbe. Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.食物之于人,犹如油之于机器 9.方式状语从句 常用引导词asasifhow 特殊引导词theway WheninRomedoastheRomando. Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss. Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.英语语法状语从句练习50l.-IsMrsWhiteintheoffice-Yes___sheisondutyshemustbethereA.sinceB.untilC.whileD.if
2._______journalismseemslikeagoodprofession职业Iwouldprefertobeateacher.A.AlthoughB.EvenC.NomatterD.Nowthat
3._______hewantstofireyoulsuggestyoustopwearingsportclothesintheoffice.A.IfB.SinceC.UntilD.Ualess
4.Shetriedtophonehim_______therewasnoanswerbecausehewasabroad.A.sinceB.whileC.soD.but
5._______IpreferacolorTVIhavetobuyablackandwhiteonethistime.A.AsB.SinceC.BecauseD.Although
6.Ihadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclothes_______Iheardthevoices.A.asB.forC.whileD.When
7.YoucanspeakFrenchwell_______youpractiseitwithaFrenchmaneveryday.A.unlessB.althoughC.aslongasD.sothat
8.Theladywillhavetowaitallday_______thedoctorWorksfaster.A.ifB.unlessC.whetherD.that
9.Theclasswentonwiththestory_______theyhadleftitbeforetheholiday.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.when
10.Wouldyouliketohaveabreak_______shallwegoonwiththeworkA.andB.thenC.thereforeD.or
11.Wedidntplantomeet.Wemeet___inthestreet.A.bythewayB.bychanceC.onpurposeD.insurprise
12.---Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon-Illprobablygoforawalklateron___itstaysfine.A.asfarasB.solongasC.evenifD.asifl
3.Icouldntmakeoutwhattheyweresayingfortheyspoketome_______.A.righawayB.allthetimeC.inallD.atoncel
4.-CouldyoutellmewhereJimlives--_______Jimusedtolivenextdootousandnowheislivinginanothertown.A.AtthetimeB.AtonetimeC.AtatimeD.Attimesl
5.Inordertocontinuetolearnbyourselveswhenwehaveleftschoolwemust________studyhowto1earnintheschoolnow.A.inallB.afterallC.forallD.atalll
6.Icamehomeverylatelastnight___earlythismorning.A.atlatestB.onthewholeC.inawordD.orrather
17.Imsureghostsatdonotexist._____Ihaveneverseenone.A.FirstofallB.NowandthenC.DayandnighD.Atleast
18.Thedaymustbebreaking_______thebirdshavebegunsinging.A.becauseB.asC.forD.since
19.Youcangoout_______youPromisetobebackbefore10oclock.A.nowthatB.solongasC.sothatD.asfaras
20.Smokingdoesgreatharmtoourhealth._______manypeoplesmokeinPublicPlaces.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.AlthoughD.Nomatter2l.Dr.Bethunebegantowork_______hearrivedatthefront.A.themomentB.bythetimeC.beforeD.atthemoment
22.Thisclassnamed_______LeiFengisoneofthebestclassesinthisschool.A.inhonourofB.intheplaceofC.infavourofD.inthewayof
23.Wehadtohepatientbecauseit_______sometime_______wegotthefullresult.A.havebeen;sinceB.hadbeen;untilC.was;afterD.wouldbe;before
24.IamsorryIdidntdoagoodjob.-Nevermind._______youhavetriedyourbest.A.AboveallB.InallC.AtallD.Afteralll
25.Whoeveris_______advancedcanpassthistest.A.moreandmorB.moreorlessC.nomoreD.anytheless
26._______otherssaytheProfessorissurethathistheoryiscorrect.A.NomatterB.ItdoesntmatterC.WhateverD.What
27.lwontgiveyouanyhelp_______youtellmethetruth.Itsnoneofmybusiness.A.unlessB.sinceC.ifD.evenif
28.Onlyonethirdofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingwere______therevision修订oftherules.A.inagreementofB.infavourofC.inforD.withthesideof
29.Manyplacesarefloodedbyheavyrainfallssotheycantwalk_______theylikethesedays.A.whenB.wheneverC.whereD.Wherever3O.-Howdowedothecleaning-Doit_______:Sweepthefloorwipethedesksrubthewindowsandputeverythinginorder.A.asusualB.asfollowsC.asfollowingD.likethat3l.ltscloudy.Takeanumbrella_______youregretit.A.orB.andC.afterD.before
32.Hisfatherbegantowork______hischildhood.A.sinceB.beforeC.asearlyasD.while
33.Therooffell_____hehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.A.beforeB.asC.afterD.until
34.-Thethreadofmykitebrokeanditflewaway.-Ihadtoldyouitwouldeasilybreak_______itwastheweakest.A.whenB.whereC.unlessD.since
35.Thecrowdstartedcheering_______herosetospeak.A.asB.sinceC.tillD.where
36.Ihadworkedhere_______youcamehere.ButlshallleaveforEngland_______.A.beforelong;beforelongB.borelong;longbeforeC.longbefore;beforelongD.longbefore;longbefore
37.Scientistssayitmaybefiveortenyears_______itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.sinceB.beforeC.afterD.when
38.WecalledtheFirst-AidCenter_______thetrafficaccidenthappened.A.immediatelyB.shortlyC.quicklyD.hurriedly
39.______youkeeponyoullsucceed.Wishyousuccessintheexaminations.A.WhenB.NomatterhowhardC.SolongasD.Nowthat
40.-Doyouthinkwecangetthereontime-Yes_______thecardoesntbreakdown.A.evenifB.unlessC.untilD.solongas4l..-LetJacktaketheplace.Hesolderandshouldbemoreexperienced.-Idontthinkso.Amandoesntnecessarilygrowwiser_______hegrowsolder.A.becauseB.thatC.thanD.as
42.______youunderstandthisruleyouwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.A.WhileB.OnceC.ThoughD.Unless
43.-Washepleasedtohearthenews--_______Pleasedevenexcited.A.NomorethanB.MorethanC.MoreD.Moreorless
44._______hiswifewillstandatthegatetowaitforhimtocomeback.A.HoweverheislateB.HoweverishelateC.HoweverlateheisD.Howeverlateishe
45.–Haventthecurtainsbeendrawnyet-No____thelampsoutsidehavealreadybeenlighted.A.thoughB.sinceC.whenD.after
46.Ofcoursetheywerelaterthanexpected;but_______theywereintimetostartthegame.A.atallB.afterallC.inallD.forall
47.Illgivehimyourmessage______hecomesbackfromlunch.A.untilB.assoonasC.whileD.before
48.Hewhisperedtohiswife_______hemightwakeupthesleepingbaby.A.sothatB.onconditionthatC.forfearthatD.solongas
49.---Maylcomeinrightnow-Certainly______onlytwoareallowedatatime.A.soB.thereforeC.butD.unless
50.Idontbelieve____hesaysnow.Heisacheat.A.nomatterwhatB.everythingC.whateverD.how高一英语状语从句专项练习
1. IgettoPairsI×llcallyouupattheairport.A.Since B.While C.Once D.Altough
2. theheadmastercomeswewon×tdiscussthisplan.A.Unless B.Ifnot C.Except D.Whether
3.Billmusthavebeenawayfromtheoffice. howmanytimesIphonedhimnobodyansweredit.A.Whatever B.Nomatter C.Inspiteof D.Though
4.IhadbeentoBeijinglong youvisitedit.A.before B.till C.after D.when
5. heisgoodatdrawing.A.Tobeachild B.Achildasheis C.Asachild D.Childasheis
6.Don×tbediscouraged youhavefallenbehindothers.A.whether B.asif C.evenif D.however
7.Wecangetthereontime thecardoesn×tbreakdown.A.while B.aslongas C.sothat D.evenif
8.Thevaseontheleftis thantheoneontherightandnot .A.morenicer;soexpensive B.muchmorebetter;asexpensiveC.nicer;asexpensive D.better;suchexpensive
9.Itwasn×tlong hejoinedthejob.A.that B.before C.until D.and
10.Theseplanescanfly thantheoldones.A.asfastthreetimes B.threetimesasfastC.threetimesfast D.threetimesfaster
11. hadthebellrung thestudentstooktheirseats.A.Hardly;when B.Nosooner;when C.Hardly;than D.Nosooner;then
12. manytimes,buthestillcouldn×tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold B.ThoughhadbeentoldC.Hewastold D.Havingtold
13. wehavecomelet×sstayandenjoyit.A.For B.As C.Because D.Since
14.You×dbetterdo youarerequired.A.like B.which C.that D.as
15. thatnoneofuscouldfollowhim.A.Hespokeveryfast B.Sofasthespoke C.Toofasthespoke D.Sofastdidhespeak
16.I×llstartearly itmaybedark.A.however B.whether C.if D.though
17. thebabyfellasleep theroom.A.After;didthemotherleave B.Notuntil;didthemotherleaveC.Notuntil;themotherleft D.Soonafter;themotherhadleft
18. thedaywentontheweathergotworse.A.With B.Since C.As D.While
19.Hecan×thavegoneout thelightisstillon.A.because B.since C.as D.for
20.Iwaswalkingalongtheriver Iheardacryforhelp.A.while B.since C.when D.as
21.Weshouldn×tdothatdangerousexperiment theteacheriswithas.A.ifnot B.if C.unless D.aslongas
22.Hehas littleeducation heisunabletofindajob.A.such;that B.so;and C.so;that D.such;and
23.Thesoldierwaswounded, hepushedon.A.for B.and C.so D.yet
24.Thefullletterreads follows.A.like B.as C.that D.which
25.Willyougo ourmotherlandneedsusmostaftergraduationA.that B.where C.inwhich D.totheplacewhich
26.Thisisarevisionpaper.Whenyoudoityou×dbettermakeamark youhavequestions.A.where B.theplace C.asif D.since
27.Waterpowerstationarebuilt bigwaterfalls.A.wherethereare B.wheretherehave C.whichhas D.whichare
28.IamsureI×llmeetkind-heartedman Igo.A.where B.totheplacewhere C.wherever D.theplace
29.Sheissogoodatplayingtable-tennisthatshecanhit theball shewantsittogo.A.theplacewhere B.that C.inwhich D.where
30.Itwas hismothercamein topreparehislessons.A.notuntil;didtheboybegin B.until;thattheboybeganC.until;didtheboybegin D.notuntil;thattheboybegan 答案1-5CABAD 6-10CBCBD 11-15ACDDD16-20DBCDC 21-25CCDBB 26-30AACDD。