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状语从句基础知识用作状语的句子就叫做状语从句(adverbialclause)状语从句通常由一个连词或起着连词作用的词组引导,这些词或词组被称作为关联词或引导词状语从句同状语一样,在句中的位置比较灵活,可置于句首、句末或句中例如Doitasyouweretold!按照你被告知的那样去做!(引导词是as,从句置于句末)Whateverhesaysjustdon’tbelievehim.不管他说什么,你只要不相信就行了(引导词是whatever,从句置于句首)Putinarticleswheretheyarenecessaryinthefollowingpassage.在下列段落中需要处填入冠词(引导词是where从句置于句中)状语从句根据其表达的意思和用途不同,可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句等类别例如Onceyou’vefinishedgotobed.你干完了就去睡觉(时间)Youcanborrowitaslongasyou’renotcarelesswithit.你可以借去用,只要你不乱用就行了(让步)Nowthatyouhavecomeyoumayaswellstay.既然你已经来了,你最好还是留下吧(让步)Don’tmove!Staywhereyouare!别动!就站在那儿别动!(地点)Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveattheairportintime.他们很早出发,以便及时赶到机场(目的)Itissuchadifficultproblemthatnobodycanworkitout.这是一个很难的问题,谁也解不出(结果)Heopenedhislipsasifheweregoingtosaysomething.他动了动嘴唇,好像要说什么似的(方式)Incaseitrainsdonotexpectme.如若下雨,就不要等我了(条件)Theharderyoustudythemoreknowledgeyouwillget.学习越用功,得到的知识就越多(比较)时间状语从句拓宽知识时间状语从句表时间,其关联词主要有whenwhileasbeforeaftersincenotuntilassoonashardly/scarcely/barely…whennosooner…thantheminute/moment/second…directly/immediatelyeacheverynextthefirst…time例如Soonafterhermotherreturnedthegirlwenttosleep.女孩在她母亲回来后不久就睡着了IhavelivedinShanghaisinceIwasachild.我从小就住在上海whenwhile和as在引导时间状语从句时都可表示“当……时候”,但互相间有区别when主句和从句的动作可以是同时发生,也可以是先后发生,动词如果是指可以持续发生的动作的话,通常用进行时态来表示;when引导的时间状语可以表示一段时间内发生的动作,也可以表示某一时间点所发生的动作while主句和从句的动作基本上是同时发生的,动词如果是指可以持续发生的动作的话,通常用进行时态来表示;while引导的时间状语只表示一段时间内发生的动作;while也可以指两个动词间的对比,表示反差相当于butas主句和从句的动作可以是同时发生,也可以是先后发生,但强调动作是紧接着发生,表示“随着……、一边……一边、正当……”例如WhileIwashavingdinnerhewasreadingaveryinterestingstory.当我在用餐时,他正在读一本有趣的小说(主、从句的动作持续在一段时间内同时发生)IwillgoonatriptoCanadawhenIhaveenoughmoney.当我有足够的资金的时候,我会到加拿大去旅行(主、从句的动作先后发生)Wewerehavingapartywhenthelightswentoutsuddenly.当灯突然熄灭的时候,我们正在开派对(灯熄灭是突然的动作,when在这里引导的时间状语从句是表示某一时间点所发生的动作)WhilewewerewatchingTVtheboycameinhurriedly.当我们在看电视时,男孩匆忙跑了进来(主、从句的动作同时发生,可以用when来代替)Whilemymumwasbusypreparingsuppermydadwasreadinganewspaper.当我妈妈忙于准备晚饭时,我爸爸倒在看报纸(表示对比,可以用but来代替)Asthepupilswalkedalongthestreettheysanghappily.学生们一边沿着街道走,一边愉快地唱歌(主、从句的动作同时发生,强调“一边……一边”,不可替换)Asspringcomeseverythingcomestolife.春回大地,万物苏醒(表示紧接发生的动作,“随着……”)一些表示时间的副词和短语也可以引导时间状语从句例如Directlythemotherwasoutofsightofhersonshewantedtoseehim.这个母亲一看不到儿子就想见他(directly相当于assoonas)We’llleavetheminuteyou’reready.你准备好了我们就走(theminute引导从句)Thedayhereturnedhomehefoundgreatchangeshadtakenplaceinhishometown.他回家的那一天发现家乡已发生了翻天覆地的变化(theday引导从句)Thefirsttimeshesawthedressshefellinlovewithit.当她第一眼看到这条裙子,她立刻就喜欢上了(thefirsttime引导时间状语从句相当于whenshesawthedressforthefirsttime…)地点状语从句拓宽知识地点状语从句表地点,其关联词有wherewhereveranywhereeverywhereetc.地点状语从句中有些部分经常可以省略地点状语从句经常容易和定语从句混淆例如Corngrowsbestwherethegroundisrich.谷物在土地肥沃的地方长得最好Youareabletogowhereveryoulike.你喜欢上哪儿就可以上哪儿Everywhereyougoneverforgetyourmotherland.无论你到哪里,都不要忘记自己的祖国Hewouldlivewithhisgrandmotheranywhereshelived.不管他的祖母住在哪儿,她都愿意和她住在一起Suchkindofstructureshouldbeavoidedwhereveritispossible.像此种结构随处都得避免(itis可以省略)Fillintheblankswiththeproperformofverbswherenecessary.在下面的空格里,如需要使用动词的,用其恰当形式填写(同样省略了where之后的主谓结构)Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestiontoask.在你有问题需要问的地方做一个标记(此句句子为地点状语从句,由where来引导但常常被误认为定语从句,其实假定where引导的是定语从句的话,该“定语从句”在意义上无法修饰其“先行词”mark)Collegegraduatesshouldgowhereourcountrymostneedsthem.大学毕业生应到祖国最需要他们的地方去(还是由where来引导的地点状语从句,如作为定语从句来理解的话,那么定语从句的先行词都没有,go是动词但因为常常被误认为定语从句,所以学生常会用“inwhich或towhich”来代替where)原因状语从句表原因或理由,其关联词有becauseassinceinthatnowthatetc.becauseassince均表示“因为、由于”的意思because语气最强,用以回答why可与强调词onlyjust以及否定词not连用as和since的语气较弱,所表示的原因比较明显,或是已知的事实,故不需要强调它们引导的从句多置于句首,且不能用强调词修饰,也不可和否定词not连用as指“由于”;since指“既然”例如Georgewasworriedbecausehehadn’thadanyletterfromGreen.乔治很着急,因为他一直未收到格林的信Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就发怒Themanboughttheexpensivehouseeasilyonlybecausehisparentshadgivenhimalargesumofmoney.就因为这个男的父母给了一大笔钱,所以他能轻松买下这么贵的房子ItwasbecauseIwantedtoseemyunclethatIwenttotownyesterday.我昨天是由于要去看我的叔叔而进城的(because引导的原因状语从句的强调句形式Itiswasbecause….that…since与as无此形式)Asthebellhadrungallthestudentswenttotheclassroom.由于上课铃声响了,同学们都进了教室Sinceyou’regoingIwillgotoo.既然你要去,我也去吧结果状语从句表结果,其关联词有sosothatso…thatsuch…thatwiththeresultthatetc.so…that常和形容词或副词连用若有与有形容词的短语连用,则引起倒装;such…that常和名次连用结果状语从句常置于主句之后目的状语从句表目的,其关联词有sothatinorderthatlestetc.目的状语从句中常常有情态动词maymightshallshouldwillwouldcancould来表示目的sothat和inorderthat所引导的目的状语从句可放于句首lest和incase引导目的状语从句时表示“以免、以防”的意思,一般用虚拟语气例如Theyhadoralpracticeeverymorningsothattheymaderapidprogressintheirspeaking.他们每天早晨练习口语,结果他们口语能力提高很快Heworkedsohardthathefinishedhistaskinthreedays.他工作得很努力,三天就完成了任务Sheissuchademandinggirlthatit’simpossibleforanyotheronetopleaseher.她是一个如此苛刻的女孩以至于不可能有人会令她满意IwasinthebathwiththeresultthatIdidn’thearthetelephone.我在洗澡,所以没听见电话铃声Hedrewaplanofthevillagesothatshecouldfindhishouseeasily.他花了一张这个村子的草图,以便于她能找到他的房子Inorderthatthegrassandflowerscouldbloomagainitwasnecessarythattherocksshouldberemoved.为了这些花草能再开花,这些石头必须搬走Takeyourumbrellawithyoulest/incaseitshouldrain.带上你的伞,以防下雨(shouldrain是虚拟形式)条件状语从句拓宽知识条件状语从句表条件,其关联词有if;onlyifunlessas/solongas;as/sofarasprovided/providingthatsupposesupposingassumingonconditionthatoncenote:somecan+~ing/~ed:Oncebegun…incase条件状语从句分为真实条件和非真实条件两种非真实条件状语从句可查看本书“虚拟语气”内容,本节只讨论真实条件情况条件状语从句在句中位置灵活,可置前也可置后;从句动词常用现在时态或过去时态表示例如Iftheweatherisfinetomorrowweshallgotoattendthepop-songsinger’sconcert.如果明天天好的话,那么我们就去参加那位流行歌手的音乐会Supposehedidn’tbelieveinuswhatshouldwedothen如果他不信任我们的话,那我们该怎么办?(在此处,suppose相当于if的用法)SupposingTomcan’tcometorepairourTVsetwhowilldothework如果汤姆布来修我们的电视机的话,那谁来干这活呢?(supposing的用法同上)Assumingthatyouarerighttheyaresuretogetmuchprofitfromthat.假设你是正确的话,那他们就会从那儿获得巨额利润(assuming后经常跟上含有that的从句,相当于if从句)Providingthatthereisnooppositionweshallbringthemeetingtoanend.如果没什么反对意见的话,那今天的会就开到这里providing引导从句时that可加可不加,等同于if引导的条件状语从句Youmayborrowmylap-toponconditionthatyouwon’tlendittoanyoneelse.你可以借用我的手提电脑,只要你不擅自借给他人就行了(oncondition后经常跟带有that的从句)英语有一种条件状语从句与主句并无直接关系,被称为间接条件状语从句例如YouaresocarelesstoyourworkthatIdon’tthinkyouwillaccomplishanythinginfutureifImaysayso.如我可直言,你对待工作如此粗枝大叶以至于我认为你今后将无法有所作为(等同于‘IamtellingyouifImaythatyousocarelesstoyourworkthat…’)If引导的条件状语从句有时会省略主谓结构例如Ifnecessarycallmeupatanytime.必要时你随时打电话给我(Ifitisnecessary…)让步状语从句表“虽然,尽管,即使”等意思,其关联词有though;although;evenif/though;however;nomatterhow/what/who…whether…or…not…inspiteof/despite+nphraseforallthatinspiteofthefactthatwh-ever从句的位置即可置于主句之前也可以之后例如:Heworkshardthoughheisveryold.随他很牢,但工作很卖力EvenifIhadbeeninvitedIwouldn’tattendhisbirthdayparty.即使我是被邀请了,我也不会出席他的生日派对Theyaregoodpeopleforallthattheirwaysoflifearedifferentfromours.他们是好人,尽管他们的生活方式与我们不同Hewentoutinspiteofthefactthathehadabadcold.尽管他患感冒很严重,他仍旧外出了Youcan’tcomeinwhoeveryouare.不管你是谁都不可以进来相当于Nomatterwhoyouareyoucan’tcomein.注意nomatterwho和whoever都可以用来引导让步状语从句,但whoever还可以用来引导名词性从句Howeverbusyheisheiswillingtohelpanyonewhoneedshishelp.无论他有多忙,他总会帮助那些需要他帮助的人让步状语从句的倒装由as所引导的让步状语从句置于句首时,通常会出现倒装的语法结构例如OldasIamIcanstillfight.虽然我老了,但仍能战斗(相当于AlthoughIamoldIcan….)Boyasheisheisverycarefulwithhiswork.虽然他是个男孩子,但他对工作却是一丝不苟的(相当于Thoughheisaboyheis….注意当名词置于句首时,必须使用其最简单结构)Tryasyoumayyouwillneversucceed.你尽管试吧,但决不会成功方式状语从句拓宽知识方式状语从句表动作方式,其关联词有justasasifasthoughthewayhowetc.多置于主句之后例如:Yououghttofinishthetaskashedoes.你应该像他那样来完成此项任务Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforalongtime.他们说话的样子就好像是多年的好友一般TobefrankIdon’tlikethewayheeats.说实话,我不太喜欢他吃饭的样子theway相当于thewaythat也相当于thewayinwhichDoithowyoucan.你可按自己之所能去做how等同于inwhatevermanneras之前通常可以用just或exactly来强调方式状语从句有时可以省略部分成分例如Ididjustasyoutoldme.我正是按照您的吩咐去做的Hedidastold.他遵嘱而行相当于Hedidashehadbeentold.Hepausedasifexpectinghertospeak.他停顿了一下,就仿佛等她说话似的相当于asifhewasexpectinghertospeak.比较状语从句表示比较,其关联词有notas/so…asthanthe+比较级,the+比较级etc.例如ChinaismuchlargerthanJapan.中国比日本大得多Themoreyouhavereadthemoreyouhavelearned.你读得越多就学得越多Icanwalkfasterthanyoucanrun.我走得比你跑得还快呢Hewokeupassuddenlyashehadfallenasleep.他醒来得和他入睡得一样快此外,下列结构还可表示对比或对照,其关联词有exceptbutetc.例如:Theconcertwaswonderfulexceptthatthelastpartwastooloud.这个音乐会整体不错,就是最后一部分太响了Itneverrainsbutitpours.从来都是祸不单行状语从句测试
1.Johnshuteverybodyoutofthekitchen________hecouldpreparehisgrandsurprisefortheparty.A.which B.whenC.sothat D.asif
2.Iwouldappreciateit________youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor’sappointment.A.untilB.ifC.whenD.that
3.AsfarasIamconcerned,educationisaboutlearningandthemoreyoulearn,________.A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.themoreequippedforlifeyouareC.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.youareequippedthemoreforlife
4.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup_______therehadoncebeenatheatre.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when
5.—IsMr.Smithintheoffice—Yes,_____heisinchargeoftheoffice,hemustbethere.A.sinceB.howeverC.whetherD.for
6.AsyourgoodfriendIwilldo________helpyou.A.thatIcantoB.whatIcantoC.allthatIcanD.whatIcan
7.Johnmayphonetonight.Idon’twanttogoout________hephones.A.aslongasB.inordertoC.incaseD.sothat
8.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungup________Icouldanswerthephone.A.asB.sinceC.untilD.before
9.—Don’tlookdownuponBob.Hehashisownadvantages.—Oh________othersareweakheisstrong.A.IfB.WhenC.WhereD.Though
10.Itistenyears________hesmoked.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.while
11.Wemusthurryup________catchupwiththelasttrain.A.thatB.sothattoC.inorderthatD.inorderto
12.Nomatter________harditmaybe,Iwillcarryitout.A.whatB.whateverC.howD.however
13.________youmaydo,youmustdoitwell.A.WhichB.WheneverC.WhateverD.When
14.—AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoNewYorkfortheholiday—No.ButifI___thetime,Iwoulddefinitelygo.A.haveB.hadC.havehadD.wouldhave
15.____youaresoweak,you’dbetterstayathome.A.SinceB.ForC.BecauseD.Though
16.EnglishandFrencharetaughthere.Youcanchoose________youlike.A.nomatterwhichB.whicheverC.whichD.whatever
17.IsawMr.SmithlastSunday.Wehadnotseeneachother________IleftLondon.A.asB.beforeC.sinceD.till
18.I’llbebackbeforeyou________.A.willleaveB.willhaveleftC.leaveD.wouldleave
19.Theproblemwon’tbesettleduntilwe________achancetodiscussitthoroughly.A.havehadB.willhaveC.willhavehadD.wouldhave
20.Ifyou_____thisexperiment,youwillunderstandthetheorybetter.A.willbedoingB.havedoneC.willhavedoneD.woulddo
21.Theywentonworking______itwaslateatnight.A.evenifB.asifC.howeverD.asthough
22.Ihurried________Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless
23.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit______.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israining
24.______youtalktosomeoneorwriteamessage,youshowyourskillstoothers.A.AttimesB.SometimeC.BythetimeD.Everytime
25.Althoughheisconsideredagreatwriter,________.A.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyreadB.buthisworksarenotwidelyreadC.hisworksarenotwidelyreadD.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread
26.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe_______.A.willarriveB.isgoingtoarriveC.arrivesD.isarriving
27.Weshouldfinishtheimportantjob,________.A.longittakeshoweverB.ittakeshoweverlongC.longhoweverittakesD.howeverlongittakes
28.________hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhatD.How
29.________comestothepartywillreceiveagift.A.WhichB.WhoC.WhichoneD.Whoever
30.Sheiswillingtohelpyou________busysheis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whatever
31.Idon’tcarewhetherhestays________goes.A.norB.thenC.orD.otherwise
32.Nomatter_____harditmaybe,I’llcarryitout.A.whatB.whateverC.howD.however
33.Whydoyouwanttofindanewjob________you’vegotsuchagoodonealreadyA.thatB.whereC.whichD.when
34.________heishewillbethinkingofyou.A.WhereverB.WhereC.NowthatD.Assoonas
35.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings___youcanfindthemagain.A.whenB.whereC.thenD.there
36.Hegotexcitedatthenews,_______Iwascalm.A.whenB.whileC.becauseD.after
37.—ShallBrowncomeandplaycomputergames—No,________hehasfinishedhishomework.A.whenB.ifC.unlessD.once
38._______youtry,youwillneversucceed.A.IfB.UntilC.SinceD.Unless
39.HardlyhadhearrivedinHongKong_____sherangmeup.A.whenB.thanC.thatD.and
40.__theyheardtheshoutforhelp,theyrushedout.A.ImmediatelyB.ThemomentC.ThewhileD.Alltheabove
41.______,heneverseemsabletodotheworkbeautifully.A.TryashedoesB.ashetriesC.TryasdoesheD.Ashedoestry
42.—Theairisfullofsmokeandpeoplearecoughing.—Itwillgetworse_____thegovernmentdoessomethingaboutthepollution.A.butB.unlessC.exceptD.if
43.If________,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.hadhetoldmeB.hehadtoldmeC.hehastoldmeD.hewouldtellme
44.—AliceismovingtohernewapartmentnextSaturday.—I’llbegladtohelpher,____needsomehelp.A.shouldsheB.ifshewillC.ifsheD.ifshemight
45.Icame________Iheardthenews.A.untilB.assoonasC.immediatelyD.BandC
46.Whatwehaveseen________.A.fromwhatweheardB.allwhatweheardC.towhatwehaveheardD.fromwhatwehaveheard
47.Wewillnevergivein_____theymightdoorsayaboutourplan.A.nomatterhowB.howC.whateverD.although
48.IfyougotoXi’an,youwillfindtheplacestheremoremagnificentthancommonly________.A.supposingB.supposedC.tosupposeD.suppose
49._______hecomes,wewouldnotbeabletogo.A.WithoutB.UnlessC.ExceptD.Even
50.It’snowonderyou’vegotaheadache______youdranksomuchlastnight.A.thoughB.incaseC.whenD.while
51.IwonderifI__time.IfI__time,I’llgowithyou.A.have;haveB.willhave;willhaveC.have;willhaveD.willhave;have
52.Bythetimeyou___back,thesupper____ready.A.willget;willbeB.get;wasC.get;willbeD.willget;is
53.Telephonemeassoonasyou_______theresults.A.willgetB.getC.hadgotD.got
54.______Ilive,Iwillnevergiveintotheenemy.A.AsfarasB.AslongasC.AswellasD.Assoonas
55.Ireallywonder____hehaspostedmemanypackages_____heworkedtogether.A.how;afterB.why;whenC.when;beforeD.why;since
56.Pleasepronouncetheword_______Idid.A.bythewayB.thewayC.themomentD.like
57.Iwasabouttoleavemyhouse___thephonerang.A.whileB.whenC.asD.after
58.Ihadcutthemeatintopieces___Motherstartedcooking.A.whenB.assoonasC.afterD.while
59.Youshouldvisitthepartofthecountrywhen__.A.springwillcomeB.itwillbespringC.itisspringD.itisconingspring
60.Idon’tliketobeinterruptedifI________.A.speaksB.willspeakC.amspeakingD.wouldbespeaking阶段测试答案1~5CBBBA6~10BCDCC11~15DCCBA16~20BCCAB21~25ABBDC26~30CDADC31~35CCDAB36~40BCDAD41~45ABBAD46~50DCBBC51~55DCBBD56~60BBACC分析
1.sothat引导目的状语从句
2.if引导条件状语从句
3.本句是themore…themore…句型,第二个比较级修饰形容词equipped
4.where引导表示地点的状语从句
5.since在这里引导原因状语从句
7.incase以防万一
19.主句为将来时态时,状语从句一般用一般现在时表将来,但如果强调状语从句的动作先完成,可用完成时
24.此处的everytime当连词使用
37.这是对话省略,引出一个条件“除非他先完成作业”
38.本句意为“除非你努力,否则你决不可能获得成功”
43.本句的条件状语从句是虚拟语气
50.when在本句中相当于since,seeingthat,consideringthat,“既然;鉴于”
56.“请按我的方法来发这个单词的音”。