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Grammarandusage学案第一部分重点讲解短语动词通常以动词为中心,通常由动词加副词或介词构成英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义上来判定其释义,很多时候应根据具体语境判断它们的意义有的短语动词相当于及物动词,有的则相当于不及物动词英语中有相当多的动词常和其他词类一起连用,构成短语动词phrasalverb
1.短语动词的构成.1.动词+介词如bringabout引起lookabout环顾四周seekfor寻找burstinto闯入turninto使变成lookinto调查seeto处理devoteto贡献给dealwith处理glanceat匆匆一瞥workat干……aimat向…瞄准differfrom与…不同resultfrom由于insiston坚持relyon依靠bringin引进hopefor希望得到combinewith联合leadto导致,通向setabout着手lookafter照顾,照料listento听waitfor等待insiston坚持lookat看dependonupon依靠lookfor寻找meetwith遇见2.动词+副词如giveout发出giveup放弃turnout生产pickout挑选putout熄灭goon继续comeout出来setoff出发bringabout引起thinkover考虑wakeup醒来clearaway清除掉putaway收起dieaway消失callback回电话lookback回顾walkback走回breakdown坏了calmdown平静下来getdown咽下comeup上来blowup爆炸turnup出现showoff炫耀giveoff散发takeoff脱下breakout发生blowout吹灭runout用完3.动词+副词+介词如lookforwardto盼望,catchupwith赶上,goonwith继续addupto总计keepawayfrom不靠近lookdownon轻视keepupwith赶上makeupfor弥补getonwith相处getcloseto接近getoutof逃避避免doawaywith废除dowellin在…干得好putupwith忍受lookupwith仰望尊敬runoutof用完goonwith继续getdownto认真开始breakawayfrom脱离,背离4.动词+名词如havealook看一看,haveatry试一试,makeanappointment约会,takeplace发生,makeway前进,makeadiscovery发现5.动词+名词+介词如takepartin参加,takecareof看管,维护,注意,takenoticeof注意,makeuseof利用,payattentionto注意,giveplaceto让位于,giveriseto引起,导致6.及物动词+直接宾语+介词+名词如take...intoaccount/consideration把……考虑进去7.及物动词+直接宾语+介词+介词宾语如translate...into...把……译成……,protect...from...使……免受……;fixone’seyeson;8.系动词+形容词+介词如besimilarto...类似于……,befamiliarwith...对……熟悉,bebeneficialto...有益于……,beequalto...等于,相当于……beaddictedto…对…上瘾
2.短语动词使用时须注意的几点1在短语动词中副词可以放在动词宾语前或后但是如果宾语是代词,则应放在动词和副词之间如Theyounglovershavebeentryingtoputsomemoneyasidefortheirmarriageceremony.Hehasputasidealittlemoneyforarainyday.他积蓄了一点钱以备不时之需Whenyoudonotunderstandanewwordyoucanlookitupinthisdictionary.Thismethodisverynewandyoucantryitouttosolvethehardproblem.
(2)在带有介词的短语动词中,介词的宾语总是紧随其后的Wehavebroughtinagoodharvestforthreeyears.We’vejustcomeacrossanoldfriendwehaven’tseenforages.Pleasekeepawayfromthesceneoftheaccidentbeforethepolicecome.Themanagerexpectseveryonetogetdowntohisworkafterthenationalholidays.
(3)有些短语动词后并不需要跟宾语,这时他们相当于不及物动词如MrWang’snewcarbrokedownandhehadtogotoworkbybikeagain.Thecrowdbrokeupafterthefootballgames.足球比赛结束后,人们四处散开
(4)同一动词,后面跟不同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语动词如breakdown坏了;跨了breakup拆散;解体;驱散breakin闯入;插话breakoff忽然停止讲话;断绝breakout爆发;逃出breakthrough冲破;突破;战胜不同的动词,后面跟上相同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语makeup组成;构成;弥补;编造;化装showup带上楼;出席;露面;揭露holdup举起来;阻塞;耽搁;抑制感情setup创立;建立;树立;资助putup提出;举起;建造takeup拿起;举起;开始(某)活动
(5)一些短语动词,具有多种释义,需要根据全句语境对他们作出恰当理解如Hurryupchildren!Theplanewilltakeoffverysoon.起飞Afterenteringtheroomhetookoffhiscoat.脱下ThebosstoldhimthathewouldtaketwoweeksoffinNovember.(休假)Thewomanbrokedownwhensomeonetoldherthathermotherwasdead.崩溃Interruptedbyhackersthecomputersystemofthatcompanyhasbrokendown.瘫痪Negotiations谈判betweenthebossandworkershavebrokendown(失败)常见短语answerfor对…负责gowithout没有也行agreewith同意(某人)handin交上来agreeto同意(建议)havenothingtodowith与…无关agreeon达成一致havesth.todowith与…有关aimat瞄准headfor朝…去askfor请求help…in在…帮助belongto属于hopefor希望得到burstinto突然…起来introduce…to..把…介绍…beginwith以…开始inspire…with…以…激励baseon根据insiston坚持consistof由…组成interferewith妨碍congratulate…on祝贺joinsb.in…加入某人一起cometoanend结束knockat敲(门等)compare…to把…比作longfor渴望compare…with同…相比lookup查阅,向上看carefor喜欢,照顾lookon/opon…as…把…看作…change…for用…交换learnbyheart背会clearup放晴leavefor动身区去comeacross偶然遇到liein在于callup大电话liveon靠…生活,以…为主食callfor要求,需要lookthrough翻阅,浏览callon拜访(人),号召mixwith同…混合callat拜访(地)present…with赠送cureof治愈persistin坚持dependon依靠put…intopractice实施devoteto把…用于replyto答复engagein从事relyon依靠endwith以…结束recoverfrom恢复geton/off上/下车rob…of…抢走geton/along进展runover碾过去getreadyfor准备好resultfrom/in由…引起;导致getin收获remembersb.to…带…问好growup长大setaboutdoing着手做givein让步,投降succeedin成功…goallout竭尽全力speakof说到gothrough通过sharein分担goover复习sharesth.withsb.与某人共同使用第二部分发练习I.用所给短语动词的适当形式填空1breakin/breakdown/breakoff/breakout/breakthroughaTheoldman__________inthemiddleofthestory.bInfluenzausually________inwinterbecauseofthecoldweather.cTherobbers__________andlooted抢劫thewarehouse.(货栈)dTheoldwashingmachineseemsto_________again.eTheyhopeto__________soonintheirfightagainstthedisease.2makeup/turnup/setup/takeup/putupaThegirlisveryquickat_________excuses.bTheyoungswimmer________anewrecordinthebackstroke.cKate_______thepianowhenshewasonlyfiveyearsold.dThelong-lostwatch_____downthebackoftheoldtable.eTheexaminationresultwill_____onthisboardtomorrow.3tryon/keepaneyeon/relyon/insiston/lookdownonaBritishsummersareawfulandwecannot______theweather.bWillyou______thispairoftrouserscWeshouldnot______theyoungmenwhohaven’tbeentocollege.dWouldyoubekindenoughto_____thelovelybabyforawhileeLastnighthiswife_________hiswearingablacksuitfortheparty.II.单项填空
1.It’stenyearssincethescientist_______onhislife’sworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical.A.madeforB.setoutC.tookoffD.turnedup
2.Itiswisetohavesomemoney_______forage.A.putawayB.keptupC.givenawayD.laidup
3.Itwasdarkandwedecidedto______forthenightatafarmhouse.A.putawayB.putdownC.putupD.putout
4.Icanhardlyheartheradio.Wouldyouplease______A.turnitonB.turnitdownC.turnitupD.turnitoff
5.Don’tmentionthatatthebeginningofthestoryoritmay_____theshockingending.A.giveawayB.giveoutC.giveupD.giveoff
6.Itwasnotaseriousillnessandshesoon_____it.A.gotoverB.gotonwithC.gotaroundD.gotoutof
7.Wedidn’tplanoutartexhibitionlikethatbutit______well.A.carriedoutB.triedoutC.keptonD.workedout
8.Youcantakeanythingfromtheshelfandreadbutplease_____thebookswhenyouhavefinishedwiththem.A.putonB.putdownC.putbackD.putoff
9.Readerscan_____quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.A.getoverB.getinC.getalongD.getthrough
10.Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It’sforusto____ourstudies.A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover
11.Helenalwayshelpshermothereventhoughgoingtoschool____mostofherday.A.takesupB.makesupC.savesupD.putsup
12.Thevillagepeoplepreventedtheircattlefrom_____thewheatfield.A.breakinginB.breakingoutC.breakingintoD.breakingaway
13.ForalltheseyearsIhavebeenworkingforothers.I’mhopingI’ll______myownbusinesssomeday.A.turnupB.fixupC.setupD.makeup
14.Lucy______alotofJapanesebyplayingwiththenativeboysandgirls.A.pickedupB.tookupC.madeupD.turnedup
15.Havingdecidedtorentaflatwe_______gettingintouchwithsomeagenciesinthecity.A.setupB.setdownC.setoutD.setaboutIII.翻译下列句子1.医生要求这个病人戒掉烟和酒____________________________________________________________.
2.在入冬前我们的蔬菜和水果就会吃完.____________________________________________________________.
3.我认为需要派更多的警察来调查这个案子.____________________________________________________________.
4.这个篮球队的每个成员都不应当被歧视.____________________________________________________________.第三部分练习答案I.用所给短语动词的适当形式填空1abrokeoffbbreaksoutcbrokeindhavebrokendownebreakthrough2amakingupbsetupctookupdturnedupebeputup3arelyonbtryonclookdownonII.单项填空1-5BACCA6-10ADCCA11-15ACCADIII.翻译下列句子1Thedoctoraskedthepatienttogiveupsmokinganddrinking.2Ourvegetablesandfruitswillrunoutbeforewinter.3Ithinkthatmorepoliceareneededtolookintothecase.
4.Everymemberofthisbasketballteamshouldnotbelookeddownon.。