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高中英语简单句、并列句和复合句考点复习突破学案
(一)句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种1)陈述句(肯定、否定)Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意)DotheylikeskatingHowoldisheIshesixorsevenyearsoldMarycanswimcan’tshe3)祈使句Becarefulboys;Don’ttalkinclass4)感叹句Howclevertheboyis!
2、按句子的结构可分三种1)简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning. TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2并列句由并列连词(andbutor等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的3)复合句含有一个或一个以上从句的句子复合句包含名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.
(二)简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语e.g.Heisastudent.
2、主语+不及物动词e.g.Wework.
3、主语+及物动词+宾语e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.
4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.
5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补)e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成 主语——动词——表语在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语
1.Mr.Brownisanengineer.名词作表语
2.Graduallyhebecamesilent.形容词作表语
3.Sheremainedstandingforahour.现在分词作表语
4.Thequestionremainedunsolved.过去分词作表语
5.Themachineisoutoforder.介词短语作表语
6.Thetelevisionwason.副词作表语
7.Hisplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.动词不定式作表语
8.Myjobisrepairingcars.动名词作表语
9.Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.从句作表语,即表语从句注意在下面的句子中,形容词作表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构I’mhappytomeetyou.Theyarewillingtohelp.Wearedeterminedtofollowhisexample. 主语——动词在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰
1.Thesunisrising.
2.I’lltry.
3.Didyousleepwell?well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep
4.Theenginebrokedown.注意在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态
1.Thebooksellswell.
2.Thewindowwon’tshut.
3.Thepenwritessmoothly.
4.Cheesecutseasily. 主语——动词——宾语在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语
1.Doyouknowthesepeoplethem?名词或代词作宾语
2.Ican’texpressmyselfinEnglish.反身代词作宾语
3.Hesmiledastrangesmile.同源宾语
4.Wecan’taffordtopaysuchaprice.不定式作宾语
5.Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes?动名词作宾语
6.IhopethatIhavesaidnothingtopainyou.从句作宾语,即宾语从句注意并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况作宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法 主语——动词——宾语——宾语在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习中遇到时,要牢记后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中,间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物这类句型有三种情况第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为由to引导的短语
1.Hehandedmealetter.Hehandedalettertome.
2.Shegavemehertelephonenumber.Shegavehertelephonenumbertome.第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为由for引导的短语
3.Shesangusafolksong.Shesangafolkforus.
4.Shecookedusadeliciousmeal.Shecookedadeliciousmealforus.第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当
5.TellhimI’mout.
6.CanyouinformmewhereMissGreenlives? 主语——动词——宾语——宾语补足语在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称作复合宾语这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语
1.Hefoundhisnewjobboring.形容词作宾补
2.ThecalledtheirdaughterMary.名词作宾补
3.Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.介词短语作宾补
4.Wewenttoherehousebutfoundherout.副词作宾补
5.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?不定式作宾补
6.Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.tobe作宾补
7.Hebelievedthemtohavediscussedtheproblem.不定式的完成式作宾补
8.Hebelievedhertobetellingthetruth.不定式的进行式作宾补
9.Didyounoticehimcomein?不带to的不定式作宾补
10.IsawherchattingwithNancy.现在分词作宾补
11.Hewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.过去分词作宾补注意在这个结构中,可以出现用it作形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句
1.Hefeltithisdutytomentionthistoher.分析it是形式宾语,hisduty是宾语补足语,tomentionthistoher是真正的宾语
2.Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstaywithus.分析it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,thatyoushouldstaywithus是真正的宾语
3.therebe句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有……”
①谓语动词和主语保持一致Thereisatelevisioninthesittingroom.
②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致Therearetwogirlsandaboydancinginthehall.
③主语的后面有时有修饰语Therearealotofdifficultiesfacingus.Thereweremanythingstobedone此处也可以使用todo.
④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:Therewillbeaconcertintheparktonight.Therewaslittlechangeinhim.
⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语Thereusedtobeacinemahere.Thereseemstobesomethingthematterwithher.Istheregoingtobeanyactivitytonight?
⑥therebe句式变疑问句,把be提前;变反意疑问句也要借助thereIsthereanyhopeofgettingthejob?Thereisnothingwrongwithyourwatch,isthere?
⑦therebe句型中也可以使用诸如live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词Onceuponatime,therelivedafishermanontheisland.Therecameaknockatthedoor.Atthetopofthehilltherestandsanoldtemple.
⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构theretobe或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构therebeing Youwouldn’twanttheretobeanotherwar.不定式的复合结构Theteacherwassatisfiedwiththerebeingnomistakesinhishomework.动名词的复合结构Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.独立主格结构
(三)并列句的分类并列句基本概念并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起;但有时不用连接词只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号
1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用andnotonly…butalso…neither…nor…then等连接e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmithandthestudent’snameisJohn.
2、表示选择,常用的连词有oreither…or…otherwise等e.g.Hurryuporyou’llmissthetrain.
3、表示转折,常用的连词有butstillhoweveryetwhilewhen等e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglassesbuthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.
4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有sofortherefore等e.g.AugustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvestsoeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.主从复合句
1、概念主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成主句为句子的主体从句只用作句子的一个次要成分不能独立成为一个句子从句通常由关联词引导并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起
2、分类从句按其在复合句中的作用分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语、定语从句和状语从句等
(四)高考考点探讨
1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的
2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查一个题目,几个考点,是近几年命题的发展趋势
3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上如andbutorwhile,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词
4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起,以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显,时间从句与条件从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句则用一般式表将来,这一点在高考中经常考查如Wewillgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句
1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.
2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.
3.Thereisachairinthisroomisn’tthere
4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.
5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.
6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.
7.Neitherhashechangedhismindnorwillhedoso.
8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportantisn’tit
9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.
10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic. 【模拟试题】
1.Idon’tsupposeanyonewillvolunteer____A.doI B.don’tI C.willthey D.won’tthey
2.____helpifyoucanandourcountrywillimprovemorequicklyandbetter.A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.Togive
3.——Lucyyouwashthedishes____ ——Morncan’tLilydoitIt’sherturntodoit.A.don’tyou B.canyou C.shallyou D.willyou
4.——Iwillnottakeanumbrellawithmetoday. ——____itrainslateroninthedayA.How B.What C.Howabout D.Whatif
5.——Yououghttostayuplatetonight____you ——Yes.I’vegottoomuchhomework.A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.won’t
6.Nothingcanstopusfromservingthepeopleheartandsoul____A.canit B.can’tit C.canthey D.can’tthey
7.Thereusedtobeachurchinthesmalltown____A.usedthere B.usedn’tthere C.usedit D.usedn’tit
8.——Sheisn’tyourneighbourisshe ——____.A.Yessheisn’t B.NosheisC.Yessheis D.Noisn’tshe
9.——____tobeaPLAsoldierwhenIwasyoung. ——Andnowyouare.A.HowIwanted B.HowdidIwantC.WhatIwanted D.WhatdidIwant
10.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase____wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice B.thepriceofwhichC.itsprice D.thepriceofthat
11.Aftertenyearsshechangedalotandlookeddifferentfrom____sheusedtobe.A.that B.whom C.what D.who
12.____isknowntoeveryonethemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.It B.As C.That D.What
13.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.where B.which C.while D.why
14.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.while B.that C.when D.as
15.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.when B.how C.whether D.what
16.Thestudentsofthemusicschoolstudy____.A.musicbutalsosomeothersubjects B.someothersubjectsaswellasmusicC.musicaswellassomeothersubjectsD.someothersubjectsandmusic
17.____airistomansoiswatertofish.A.Since B.Just C.Like D.As
18.Thereisplentyofraininthesouth____thereislittleinthenorth.A.while B.as C.when D.so
19.____severaltimesaboutitbuthecouldnotgivethecorrectanswer.A.Beingasked B.HavingbeenaskedC.Hewouldask D.Hehadbeenasked
20.——Idon’tlikechicken____fish. ——Idon’tlikechicken____Ilikefishverymuch.A.and;and B.and;but C.or;but D.or;and
21.____thedayswentonthesituationtheregotworse.A.With B.Since C.While D.As
22.____everybodyisherelet’ssetoutrightaway.A.Nowthat B.Because C.For D.After
23.Thescienceofmedicine____progresshasbeenveryrapidlatelyisperhapsthemostimportantofallthesciences.A.towhich B.inwhich C.which D.withwhich
24.Wemustdotheexperimentcarefully____MissLiutoldus.A.what B.since C.as D.while
25.Tonywillneverforgetthesedays____shelivedinChinawithhermotherhasagreateffectonherlife.A.that;which B.when;whichC.which;that D.when;that
26.____IknowtheywillgotoBeijingtowatchtheOlympicGamesin
2008.A.Since B.Sofaras C.Incase D.Asif
27.Whodoyouthinkthedoctorwillhave____firstJohnorKateA.examine B.toexamine C.examiningD.examined
28.——Whatareyouanxiousabout ——_________.A.Whetherwecansucceed B.IfwesucceedC.Dowesucceed D.Thatwecansucceed
29.Youshouldputthedictionary____youcanfinditeasily.A.where B.theplace C.theplaceonwhich D.what
30.Shesaidtome“I’lltellyoutheresultofthetest____Iknowit.”A.because B.themoment C.after D.though
31.Grandpausedtotellussomethingaboutthe“CulturalRevolution”__hehadtimetospare.A.assoonas B.as C.sothat D.whenever
32.LiFangisverybusy____she’salwayshelpingotherswiththeirlessons.A.but B.although C.so D.for
33.Gettingarightjobcanbedifficult____thestudents____preparedtodealwiththejobinterview.A.if;won’t B.unless;will C.unless;are D.if;are
34.Everythingdependson____theywillsupportyouaboutit.A.if B.which C.whether D.that
35.Shewonthefirstprizeinthespeechcontestand____surprisedus.A.which B.it C.as D.who
36.TheOscarisoneofthefilmprizes____offeredtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.A.whichisnot B.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnot D.thathasnotbeen
37.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkis B.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkit D.Ithinkis
38.It’sreallyverydangerous.Onemorestep____thebabywillfallintothewell.A.or B.so C.but D.and
39.SheisAmerican____sheknowslittleaboutAmericanhistory.A.so B.yet C.and D.therefore
40.Informationtechnologyistaughtinmostschools____wehaveenteredtheinformationsociety.A.so B.while C.still D.for
41.——Helenmustobeyherparents. ——Ohshemust____A.mustshe B.mustn’tshe C.shouldn’tshe D.shouldshe
42.Johnmustbeinthechemistrylab____A.mustn’the B.needn’the C.isn’the D.shouldn’the
43.Itwasquitealongtime____Imadeitoutwhathadhappened.A.after B.before C.when D.since
44.____thetextasecondtimethemeaningwillbecomeclearertoyou.A.Read B.Reading C.Ifreading D.Whenyouread
45.____doeshedohisworkwell____hehelpsotherswiththeirwork.A.Notonly;butalso B.Neither;nor C.Either;or D.Both;and
46.____sohedidn’tcometoschoollastweek.A.Thoughhewasill B.Beingill C.Havingbeenill D.Hewasill
47.Shetriedeveryway____shecouldfindtosolvetheproblem.A.how B.inwhich C.that D.which
48.Lilyhassomeidea____she’sgoingtobewhenshegrowsup.A.what B.that C.as D.which
49.Toplayfairisasimportantas____IthinkA.toplaywell B.playwell C.weplaywell D.playingwell
50.____yougoyoushouldbearthemotherlandinmind.A.Where B.Whenever C.However D.Wherever【答案】
1.C
2.B
3.D
4.D
5.B
6.A
7.B
8.C
9.A
10.B
11.C
12.B
13.A
14.B
15.C
16.B
17.D
18.A
19.D
20.C
21.D
22.A
23.B
24.C
25.B
26.B
27.D
28.A
29.A
30.B
31.D
32.A
33.C
34.C
35.B
36.B
37.A
38.D
39.B
40.D
41.A
42.C
43.B
44.D
45.A
46.D
47.C
48.A
49.A
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