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特殊句式的结构
1.It结构
一、强调句 强调句的基本句型是“Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面1被强调的是状语或状语从句时,要用that引导从句,而不能用which,而且通常不能省略2被强调的是人时,引导词可用who,也可用thatWasityouthat/wholetoutthesecrettoher是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗?3被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词,主句的be动词都用单数is或wasItwasMarieCurieandherhusbandwhodiscoveredradium.是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现了镭ItisthePLAmenwho/thataresafeguardingourcountrydayandnight.是解放军战士日夜保卫着我们的祖国4对not...until时间状语从句进行强调时,其句型是Itis/wasnotuntil...that从句,即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的注意习惯上不用nottill,而且从句不能用when引导ItwasnotuntilthelastoperationwasfinishedthatBethuneleftthebattlehospital.5强调句的疑问形式Whenwasitthathemadeuphismindtotakethiscourse他是什么时候决定选修这一门课程的?Whyisitthathedoesn’tlikethebook他为什么不喜欢这本书?Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout6强调句型与Itis/was+时间+when从句在上述句型中it指时间,when引导的是时间状语从句注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同ItwasatmidnightthatIgotbackhomeyesterday.昨天晚上我半夜才回到家ItwasmidnightwhenIgothereyesterday.昨天当我到达这儿时,已是半夜了
2.but的用法a.anythingbut…一点儿也不Shewasanythingbutmad.b.nothingbut…仅仅,只Sheheardnothingbutthewind.c.butfor….除非,要不是ButforyourhelpIwouldn’thavesucceed.d.can’thelpbutdocan’thelpdoing…禁不住…WecannothelpbutadmitthattheChinesepeopleareagreatpeople.e.havenochoicebuttodo不得不Shehadnochoicebuttowait.f.not…but…不是…而是…Imeantnothebutyoushouldpayattentiontopronunciation.Hefailednotbecauseheisn’tcleverbuthedidn’tworkhard.
3.倒装句型全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时常见的结构有 1heretherenowthenthus等副词置于句首谓语动词常用becomegolierun Theregoesthebell. Thencamethechairman. Hereisyourletter. 2表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词 Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber. Aheadsatanoldwoman.注意上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装 Herehecomes部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词dodoes或did,并将其置于主语之前1 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如nonotneverseldomlittlehardlyatnotimeinnowaynotuntil…等 NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance. Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom. 当Notuntil引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装注意如否定词不在句首不倒装 Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance. 如Notonly…butalsoHardly/Scarcely…whenNosooner…than Notonlydidherefusethegifthealsoseverelycriticizedthesender. 注意只有当Notonly…butalso连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构 NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusicSoneithernor表示也、也不的句子要部分倒装 TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack. IfyouwontgoneitherwillIOnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell. Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting. 如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装 Onlywhenheisseriouslyilldoesheeverstayinbedas/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词副词分词实义动词提前)注意1句首名词不能带任何冠词 2句首是实义动词其他助动词放在主语后如果实义动词有宾语和状语 随实义动词一起放在主语之前 Tryhardashewillheneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.注意:让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是though和yet可连用1 so…that句型中的so位于句首时,需倒装 Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.2 在某些表示祝愿的句型中 Mayyouallbehappy.3 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有werehadshould等词,可将if省略,把werehadshould移到主语之前,采取部分倒装 WereIyouIwouldtryitagain1 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用arentI. Imastallasyoursister,arentI2 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may+主语 IwishtohaveawordwithyoumayI3 陈述部分用nonothingnobodyneverfewseldomhardlyrarelylittle等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义 TheSwedemadenoanswerdidhe/she Someplantsneverblown开花dothey4 含有oughtto的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldnt/oughtnt+主语 Heoughttoknowwhattodooughtnthe/shouldnthe5 陈述部分有haveto+v.hadto+v.,疑问部分常用dont+主语(didnt+主语) Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrowdontwe6 陈述部分的谓语是usedto时,疑问部分用didnt+主语或usednt+主语 Heusedtotakepicturestheredidnthe/usednthe7 陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadntyou Youdbetterreaditbyyourselfhadntyou8 陈述部分有wouldrather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldnt+主语 Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteitwouldnthe9 陈述部分有Youdliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldnt+主语 Youdliketogowithmewouldntyou10陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定 Hemustbeadoctorisnthe YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearshaventyou/didntyou Hemusthavefinishedityesterdaydidnthe11感叹句中,疑问部分用be+主语 Whatcoloursarentthey Whatasmellisntit12 陈述部分由neither…noreither…or连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定NeitheryounorIamengineerarewe13 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everythingthatnothingthis疑问部分主语用it Everythingisreadyisntit14 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况 a.并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定 Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijingforseveraltimesheshouldhavebeeninChinanowshouldnthe b.带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定 Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalkishe HesaidhewantedtovisitJapandidnthe c.上述部分主句谓语是thinkbelieveexpectsupposeimagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句 Idontthinkheisbrightishe Webelieveshecandoitbettercantshe15陈述部分主语是不定代词everybodyanyonesomebodynobodynoone等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he Everyoneknowstheanswerdontthey doeshe Nobodyknowsaboutitdotheydoeshe16带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用needdare+主语 Weneednotdoitagainneedwe Hedarenotsaysodareyou 当dareneed为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do+主语 Shedoesntdaretogohomealonedoesshe17 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用willyou Dontdothatagainwillyou Gowithmewillyou/wontyou注意Lets开头的祈使句,后用shallwe Letus开头的祈使句,后用willyou Letsgoandlistentothemusicshallwe Letuswaitforyouinthereading-roomwillyou18 陈述部分是therebe结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词 Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatchisntthere Therewillnotbeanytroublewillthere19 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式 Itisimpossibleisntit Heisnotunkindtohisclassmatesishe20 must在表推测时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句 Hemustbetherenowisnthe Itmustbegoingtoraintomorrowwontit 。