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高中英语重点词汇、词组辨析
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1.aboveallafterallatallinallaboveall表示“最重要,首先”,常置于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用Aboveallwehavewonthegame.afterall表示“毕竟,终究,终归,到底”,在句中位置较灵活Jessicahasturnedouttobeanicegirlafterall.atall表示“根本”Idon’tlikeMexicanfoodatall.inall表示“总共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末Wehavelearned2500Englishwordsinall.
2.acceptreceiveaccept表示“接受”的意思,是有意识的I’vereceivedagiftfromhimbutI’mnotgoingtoacceptit.receive表示“收到”的意思,是无意识的Didyoureceiveanyletterstoday
3.addaddtoadd...toadduptoadd表示“增加,添加,计算……总和,补充说”Ifthewateristoocoldaddsomemorehotwater.addto表示“增添,增加,增进”Theheavysnowaddedtoourdifficulties.add...to表示“把……加到……”Addtentofortyandyouwillgetfifty.addupto表示“合计达到”,该短语不用于被动语态Allhisschooleducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.
4.admitsb./sth.to...admitofadmittoadmitsb./sth.to表示“……允许某人或某物进入某处”Thisvisawilladmityoutothatcountry.admitof表示“容许有,有……可能,容有……余地”Thefactsadmitofnootherexplanationadmitto表示“承认”Sheadmittedtostealingthekeys.
5.agreeonagreetoagreewithagreethatagreeon表示“就……取得一致意见”Wecouldn’tagreeonwhattobuy.agreeto有两层含义和用法1to作为动词不定式符号,其后面跟动词原形,表示“同意做某事”TheyagreedtomeetonSunday.2to作为介词,之后跟表示计划、条件、建议等一类的名词或代词Themanagerhasagreedtoourplan.agreewith表示“同意某人意见”,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词Wedidn’tagreewithwhatshesaidatthemeeting.agreethat表示“认为……”,其后跟宾语从句Weagreedthattheywoulddeliverthesofainthemorning.
6.alonelonelyalone=byoneselfwithoutothers表示“独自一人”,可作表语和宾补Hewenttotheseparateislandallalone.lonely表示“孤独,寂寞”,主观上渴望有伴若指地方,则表示“人迹罕至的,荒凉的,偏僻的”,可作定语或表语Theoldmanwasaloneinthehouseonthetopofthehillbuthedidn’tfeellonely.
7.anumberofthenumberofanumberof表示“许多”,谓语动词用复数Anumberofvisitorspayavisittothemuseumeveryday.thenumberof表示“……的数目”,谓语动词用单数Thenumberofpandasisincreasing.
8.arrivegetreacharrive表示“达到,抵达”,不及物动词,后接in大地点,at小地点WhenwillyouarriveinLondonMr.Wallaceget表示“到达,抵达”,不及物动词,后接toWhenwegottotheairporttheflighthadtakenoff.reach表示“到达,抵达”,及物动词Hisletterreachedmethismorning.
9.attheageofbytheageofattheageof表示“在……岁时”Shepublishedabookattheageoften.bytheageof表示“到……岁的时候,在……岁以前”Bytheageofsixteenhehadwontengoldmetals.
10.atthebeginninginthebeginningatthebeginning表示“在……,在初……开始的时候”,常与of连用Allofusshouldbecarefulwithourworkatthebeginningofterm.inthebeginning表示“起初,首先”,相当于atfirstInthebeginningsomeofustooknointerestinthisgame.
11.ashamedshamefulashamed表示“感到羞耻,觉得惭愧,不好意思”,指主观认为是可耻的Hewasashamedoflosinghiswife’snecklacetheotherday.shameful表示“不可饶恕,可耻”,指事物本身的客观性质是可耻的Tostealmoneyfromablindpersonisashamefulact.
12.beanxioustobeanxiousforbeanxiousaboutbeanxiousto表示“急于,渴望”,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形Weareanxioustoknowtheresultoftheexamination.beanxiousfor表示“渴望”,后面接名词或代词时,强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事Theyoungladywasanxiousforadiamondnecklace.beanxiousabout表示“对……感到不安,为……担心,为……忧虑”Shewasanxiousaboutherlostson.
13.believebelieveinbelieve表示“相信事物的真实性,人的诚实”Idon’tbelieveyou.believein表示“信奉,信仰,信任”Webelieveinhim.
14.bemadeofbemadefrombemadeinbemadebybemadeupofbemadeof表示“由……制成”,指从原料到制成品,强调形状变化,并无本质变化属物理变化Thistableismadeofwood.bemadefrom表示“由……制成”,指从原料到制成品,强调质的变化,并已无法复原属化学变化Paperismadefromwood.bemadein表示“某物何时制造的”或“何地产的”ThisbikewasmadeinShanghai.bemadeby表示“由……制做”,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调动作的执行者Thekitewasmadebymybrother.bemadeupof表示“由……构成组成”Thefootballteamismadeupof12members.
15.bepleasedwithbepleasedat/aboutbepleasedtobepleasedwith表示“对……满意,喜欢……”,后面通常接指人的名词或代词Thepresidentwaspleasedwithallofhismeninhiscompany.bepleasedat/about表示“对看到或听到的事感到高兴”,后面接指事的名词或v-ingIampleasedatseeingsomanystudentspresent.bepleasedto表示“很高兴或很乐意做某事”,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形MybossmustbepleasedtoseeyouagaininMoscow.
16.betiredofbetiredwithbetiredof表示“对某事感到厌烦,厌倦”I’mtiredofstandinginthewinddoingnothing.betiredwith表示“因为……而累了”Sheistiredwithrunningalongtime.
17.besidesexceptexceptforbesides表示“除了……包括在内”Besideschocolateandfruitjuiceweneedbreadandeggs.except表示“除了……不包括在内”EveryoneofusexcepthimwenttothetheatreforTheTwelfthNight.exceptfor表示“整体……除了某一点以外”Theessayisgoodexceptforafewmistakes.
18.besuretodobesureofdoingbesuretodo表示“一定的;必定的”,主语可为sb.或sth.Wearesuretobenefitfromthenewproduction.besureofdoing表示“确信的;肯定的”,主语只能为sb.Heissureofofferingyouhishelp.
19.bighugelargevastbig表示“尺度、重量、容积等大”Ourroomisbiggerthantheirs.huge表示“体积大还可指超越一定标准的大”Thatlittleboywasgivenahugepieceofcake.large表示“面积大,范围大,数目大”Policediscoveredalargequantityofdrugsinthevan.vast表示“范围、地域大、巨大的”也可指数目巨大的TherearevastforestareasalongtheAmazonRiver.
20.besthitstrikebeat表示“连续性地击打”指无规律的击打Therainbeatagainstthewindows.hit表示“打中,对准打”Hehitmewithhishand.strike表示“重击、打一下或若干下”指有规律的撞击Theclockstruck12whenwearrivedthechurch..
21.blowdownblowoffblowoutblowdown表示“吹倒,刮倒”Thestrongwindsyesterdayblewdownthousandsoftrees.blowoff表示“吹掉,炸掉,发泄”Agustofwindblewoffallthepapersonthetable.blowout表示“吹熄,使熄灭”Emmablewoutthecandle.
22.breakawayfrombreakdownbreakintobreakoutbreakawayfrom表示“脱离,摆脱”Somemembersbrokeawaytoformanewpoliticalparty.breakdown表示“机器等出毛病、出故障”Mycarbrokedownonthewaytoworkyesterday.breakinto表示“破门而入”TheofficehasbeenbrokenintotwicesinceChristmas.breakout表示“火灾、战争、疾病、打斗突然爆发”Afightbrokeoutamongthecrowd.
23.bringinbringonbringoutbringin表示“引来,引进,吸收”Thenewfilmhasbroughtinmillionsofdollars.bringon表示“使发生,引起”Headachesareoftenbroughtonbystress.bringout表示“取出,说出,阐明,出版推出、生产出”Theyhavejustbroughtoutanewsmallerphone.
24.carecareaboutcareforcaretocare表示“在意,关心,顾虑,照顾,喜爱”,但其后通常接从句Idon’tcarewhereyouhavebeen.careabout表示“关心,计较,在乎”,一般用于否定句Hecaresdeeplyabouttheenvironment.carefor表示“关心,照料,喜欢,愿意”,一般用于肯定句或疑问句Whowillcareforyourchildrenwhenyouareawaycareto表示“愿意,欲望”,后接动词原形Wouldyoucaretojoinusfordinner
25.carryawaycarryoffcarryoncarryoutcarryaway表示“使倾倒,使激动得失去控制”Themusiccarriedhimaway.carryoff表示“叼走,夺走”HecarriedoffthreegoldmedalsintheOlympics.carryon表示“继续进行”Thedoctorshavewarnedhimbuthejustcarriedondrinking.carryout表示“实施,遵守”Hecarriedouthispromisetogiveupsmoking.
26.与come相关的词组辨析comeabout表示“发生”Howdiditcomeaboutcomeacross表示“偶遇,碰到=comeupon”We’vejustcomeacrossanoldfriendwehaven’tseenforages.comealong表示“进展,进步,进行”How’syourworkcomingalongcomearound表示“拜访,改变观点,同意原来反对的观点或计划,发生、恢复知觉”I’msureshe’llcomearoundtoourvieweventually.comedown表示“传递,传给”Thesongcomesdowntousfromthe20thcentury.comeinto表示“开始,进入”Asmalltowncameintosightasweturnedthelastcorner.comeout表示“照片上显露,结果是”Thestarscameoutassoonasdarknessfell.comeround表示“恢复知觉,苏醒过来”Leavehimaloneandhe’llsooncomeround.cometo表示“涉及,谈及”WhenitcomestobusinessIknownothing.comeup表示“走进,接近,抬头,上来,上升”Theissueofsecuritycameupatthemeetingyesterday.comeupwith表示“想出计划、回答,作出反应,产生”Hecouldn’tcomeupwithagoodschemetomakemoney.
27.compare...tocompare...withcompare...to表示“把……比作……”,着重注意两者间的相似点Thisessaycomparesourcountrytoabigfamily.compare...with表示“把……与……相比”,侧重指两者间的区别Comparethisstorywiththatoneandyouwillfindthedifferencesbetweenthem.
28.consider...asconsiderdoingconsider...tobeconsider...as表示“把某人看作”TodayAbrahamLincolnisconsideredasoneofthegreatestofallAmericanpresidents.considerdoing表示“考虑做某事”Haveyouconsideredhavingajoginthemorningconsider...tobe表示“把……看作是”Thepeoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.
29.crossacrosscrossingcross作动词用时,表示“横过”Theyarecrossingtheriver.across可作介词或副词,表示“横穿,横过”TheBankofChinaisacrossthestreet.crossing表示“横穿,交叉,十字路口,人行横道”Thosechildrenarestandingatacrossingwaitingfortheirschoolbus.
30.cutdowncutincutoffcutupcutthroughcutdown表示“砍倒,疾病等夺去生命”Thatoldmanhascutthistreedown.cutin表示“插嘴,插入”Don’tcutinwhentheyhaveatalk.cutoff表示“切断”Manytownshadtheirwatersupplycutoffbecausetherewasnoelectricity.cutup表示“切割开来,切碎,使难过”Iamcuttingthewoodup.cutthrough表示“剪断,凿穿”Thearmywascalledintocutthroughfallentreesandtohelpcleartheroadsandpaths.。