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第十七讲介词姓名______学校______年级_______【学习目标】掌握7年级的介词用法及其固定搭配【知识要点】介词讲解介词的作用介词表地点、位置、方向的介词abovearoundatbehindbetweenbydownfrominupinfrontofintoontonearoffoutoverthroughundertowards表时间的介词byinonoverwith其他介词likewithwithoutfromnextto一.介词的概念介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系,不能单独使用二.一些常用的介词的区别
①intoon在方位名词前的区别
1.in表示A地在B地范围之内如TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.
2.to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔如JapanliestotheeastofChina.
3.on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻如NorthKoreaisontheeastofChina.
②.atinonby在表示时间上的区别
1.at指时间表示
(1)时间的一点、时刻等如Theycamehomeatnoon(atsunriseatmidnightatteno’clockatdaybreak).
(2)较短暂的一段时间可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子如HewenthomeatNewYear(atChristmasattheSpringFestival).
2.in指时间表示
(1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内如in2004inMarchinspringinthemorningintheevening
(2)在一段时间之后一般用于将来时,谓语动词为非延续性动词,意为“在……以后”如Hewillarriveintwohours.谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”如Theseproductswillbemadeinamonth.注意after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”如Hewillarriveafter6o’clock.
3.on指时间表示
(1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、节日、星期几等如OnChristmasDaytherewillbeaparty.
(2)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上如Hearrivedat8o’clockonthenightofFriday.
(3)准时,按时如IfthetraincanbeontimeIshouldgethomebeforedark.
4.by指时间表示
(1)不迟于,在(某时)前如Hewillcomebysixo’clock.
(2)在……间,在……的时候如Heworkedbydayandstudiedbynight.
③.nearbybesideat表示“在……附近”时的区别
1.near表示相对的近,实际距离可能还很远如SuzhouisnearShanghai.
2.by和beside都表示靠近,实际距离不很远,但beside比by更具体地表示出“在……旁边”的意思如Hewassittingbesideher.
3.at也有“在旁边”的意思,但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置,而by和beside仅表示位置关系如Thestudentsaresittingatthetablelisteningtotheteacher.Severalstudentsaresittingby/besidethedoortalkingaboutamusic.
④.atin和on表示地点时的区别
1.at表示地点
(1)用于指较小的地方如arriveat,接小地方Iwillwaitforyouatthestation.
(2)用于门牌号码前如Helivesat11ZhongshanRoad.
2.in表示地点arrivein接较大地方如HelivesinShanghai.
3.on表示地点,一般指与面或线接触,意为“在……上;在……旁”如Thepicturewashangingonthewall.
⑤.besidesexceptbut表示“除……外”之间的区别
1.besides表示“除了……以外,还有……”,具有附加性质如Besidesxiaomingwealsowenttoseethefilm.(王先生也去了)注意besides用于否定句中时,与exceptbut同义,可互换如Wehavenootherbooksbesides/exceptthese.
2.except表示“……除外”,具有排它性质如Weallwenttoseethefilmexceptxiaoming.(王先生没去)
3.but意为“除了”,与except同义,except强调被排除的部分,but则强调整句的内容,常修饰否定意义的代词如Nobodyknewitbutme.Thisisnothingbutapieceofcake.
⑥.aboveoveronup表示“在……上”之间的区别
1.above指“……上方”,表示相对高度,不一定在正上方,其反义词为below如We’reflyingabovetheclouds.
2.over指“在……正上方”,表示垂直上方,其反义词为under如Thebridgeisovertheriver.
3.on表示“在……上面”,与物体表面接触,与beneath相对如Thereisamaponthewall.Theearthfeltsoftbeneathourfeet.
4.up表示动作的方向往上,反义词为down如Pleasestandup
⑦withfromforat表示原因的区别
1.with表示原因,指由于外界而影响到内部,意为“因为;由于”如Thelittlegirlwasshiveringwithcold.
2.from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因如Shediditfromasenseofduty.
3.for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因如Idoapologizeforkeepingyouwaiting.
4.at表示原因,指“听到;看到;想到”等如Atthenewstheyfeltveryglad.
⑧.for和of的用法区别试比较ItsimpossibleformetowatchTVafterelevenoclock.Itskindofyoutohelpme.两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定一般来说of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏,人自身的特点,如聪明与否,细心与粗心等;for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点,如可能性,必然性,难易程度等
⑨.by,with,in的用法区别by表示以...的方式,方法,手段和乘某种交通工具;with指借助于具体的手段或工具;in表示以......方式,用语言,文字等媒介⑩after和in的用法区别这两个介词都可以表示时间在以后的意思其区别是after以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子;in以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子如Iwenthomeafter10oclockyesterday.Thetrainwillarriveintenminutes.
3、介词词组1askfor向……要……请求2askforleave请假3sendfor派人去请叫4payfor付……的款5waitfor等候6thankfor为……感谢7lookfor寻找8leave…for离开……去……9catchupwith赶上10agreewithsb.赞成同意某人的意见11filled……with把……装满12talkabout谈论……13thinkabout考虑……14worryabout担忧……15lookafter照料16runafter追赶跟在后面跑17readafter跟……读18smileat对……微笑19knockat敲门窗20hearof听说21thinkof认为考虑22insteadof代替……23handin交上来24hearfrom收到……来信25atonce立刻26atlast最后27atfirst起先首先28attheageof…在……岁时29attheendof…在……之末30atthebeginningof…在……之初31atthefootof…在……脚下32atthesametime同时33atnight/noon在夜里/中午34withthehelpof…在……的帮助下35withasmile面带笑容36afterawhile过了一会儿37fromnowon从现在起38farawayfrom远离39bytheway顺便说40bytheendof…到……底为止41inall总共42infact事实上43inahurry匆忙44inthemiddleof在……中间45intime及时46infrontof在……前面47intheend最后终于48inturn依次49ofcourse当然50abitof有一点儿51alotof许多52ononeswayto某人在去…的路上53onfoot步行走路54ontheleftright在左右边【经典练习】
1.介词填空1Wehaveshirts_________redblueandyellow.Thegirl_________redismycousin.2Wehavenobread__________ourbreakfast.3Myfatherbuymeabeautifulbike.=Myfatherbuyabeautifulbike____________me.4Pleaseshowmeyourphoto.=Pleaseshowyourphoto______________me.5Tomgivesmeanicebag.=Tomgivesanicebag____________me.6Iliketostay__________bedonSunday.7Therearesometoys___________thebed.8Therearethreebirds__________-thetree.9Therearemanyapples____________theappletree.10Ioftenbuysomethings____________thatshopnearmyhouse.11Thereisawindow____________thewall.12Thereisamap___________thewall.13Thatyoungmantriedtosellthatwatch__________me.14SheoftengoestoseeBeijingOpera_________herfather.15Ihavenomoney___________me.16Sheoftenhelpsme___________myEnglish.17What’swrong_____________you18Shewrites_________apen.19Theboy___________shorthairismybrother.20Whatisthis__________English21Imsorry.Iamnot____________.=I’msorry.Iamathomenow.
22.I’mClassThree.Areyou_________ClassThree,too23Sounds___________fun.24Youcanjoinus___________thefootballgame.25Youaregood___________English.=Youdowell__________English.26_________thebackofthephotothereisaV.27Welcome__________ourschool!
28.Iaminterested___________Chineseverymuch.29Igot_____________BeijingonSunday.=Iarrived__________BeijingonSunday.30Don’tbelate__________school.31Youcandescribethemap_____________-yourownwords32Helikeswriting_____________ink墨水33Wehaveblackandbluehats_____$
15.=Wesellblackandbluehats______thepriceof$
15.34comeandbuysomeclothes__________you__________thegreatsale.35Thishouseis____________sale!36Isthatbook___________saleinyoustore=Doyousellthatbook37Hollywoodisfamous__________themoviesandthemoviestars.38Thegirlisplaying__________ayo-yo.39Hegoestowork__________car=Hegoestowork__________thecar=Hedrivesacar__________work.40Hegoestoschool__________bus=Hegoestoschool__________thebus=Hetakesabus__________work.41Hegoestoschool__________foot=Hewalks__________school.42It’stime__________metohavebreakfast.=It’stime______mybreakfast.43MichaelJordanisfamous__________abasketballplayer.44She__________herfatheroftengoestoseeBeijingOpera__________weekends.45Hedoesn’tlikemathbecauseit’stoodifficult__________him.46HedoesChinesekungfu__________anhoureveryday.47Iwantapairofsportsshoes.=Iwantapairofshoes__________sports.48Youcanbe__________ourswimmingclub.49Hecomes__________Canada.=Heis__________Canada.50Heonlywatchessports__________TV.51Canyouhelpmefill__________mycalendar52Areyougood_______kids?53Jimisgood__________English54Eatingvegetablesisgood__________health健康.55Wewanttwogoodmusicians__________ourrockband.56PleasecallBill__________790-
4230.57Weneedhelp__________ourBeidaiheSchoolTrip.58Thatlittlegirlneedssomebread__________breakfast.59Thenyoucanbe__________ourschoolmusicfestival.60Whattimeisit__________yourwatch61LastnightIarrived__________Hangzhourailwaystation.62Heeatsbreakfast__________noon=Heeatsbreakfast__________themiddleoftheday63Mikealwaystakesthenumber3bus__________thepark.64Helikesbrushinghisteeth__________dinner.65Heisbusy____thehouseworkeverySaturday.=HeisbusydoingthehouseworkeverySaturday66Hismotherisstrict__________him__________hisEnglishstudies.67Themovieisboringandheistired__________it.68YoucanaskyourEnglishteacher__________thatquestion.69__________Children’sDayallthechildrenareveryhappy.70Comeandsee__________yourself__________HuaxingClothesStore.
2.单项选择
(1)______________thephoto_______yourfamily.AThankofforBThanksforofCThankyouofDThanksoffor
(2)It’sanactionmovieandJetLiis_______themovie.AatBinCwithDfor
(3)Heiskind____me.A.onB.toC.fromD.with
(4)Ihavebreakfast_____6:30everymorning.A.ataround B.aroundat C.inaroundD.aroundin【课后作业】
1.用介词填空
1.___thetheatre
2.__Beijing
3.__thecinema
4._________thefarm
5._________school
6.________home
7.__________thepark
8._______thelibrary
9.________thestadium
10._________1994
11._________November
12.______15:00
13._________Sundaymorning
14._______6:30
15.________Monday
16._______January
17.________May1
18._________mybirthday
19.________weekend
20._________May12006
21._________theplayground
22._________mybirthdayparty二.选择最佳答案
1.TheplanearrivedatLondonairport______Wednesday. A.on B.at C.in D.for
2.Whatdoyouusuallydo________Christmas A.on B.at C.in D.for
3.Thefirstclassbegins_______8o’clock______themorning. A.at/on B.at/in C.on/in D.on/on
4.WewillbeinNanjing_____Tuesday______Thursday. A.on/through B.on/to C.from/to D.on./till
5.Wewillhaveafootballmatch_____thisSaturdayafternoon.. A.on B./ C.in D.for
6.Hecametoseeyou_____theeveningofMay10th. A.in B.at C.on D.for
7.Thesupermarketisstillopen______midnight. A.at B.on C.till D./
8.Daysarelonger______summerthan___________winter. A.in/in B.in/on C.from/to D.to/in
9.Childrengetpresents________Christmasand______theirbirthday.Grannyiscoming forlunch________Christmasday. A.at/on/on B.on/on/on C.at/in/at D.in/on/in
10.________NewYear’sEvepeopleusuallydon’tgotobeduntilmidnight. A.At B.On C.For D.In
11.TomandPaulusuallywatchTV______weekends. A.at B.in C.for D./
12. Hesaidthathewouldmeetus____thecinema. A.in B.at C.on D.of
13.Therearemanybeautifulbirds______thetree. A.on B.at C.in D.besides
14.Lucyiswaiting_____No.3busstop________herfather. A.for/for B.for/at C.at/for D.at/at
15.Doyouoftenlisten________theprogram________theradio. A.to/of B.to/in C.to/on D.on/to
16.Canyoutellmetheway______ShanghaiZoo A.to B.at C.for D.towards
17.Thankyou_______yourcoming. A.to B.of C.by D.for
18.MrLiisgoingtohelphim________hisChinesethisafternoon. A.with B.on C.by D.at
19.Letmeintroduceher_______you. A.with B.on C.to D.for
20.Tomhasmadefriends_____manyChinesestudents. A.with B.to C.by D.among
21.Canyoufindouttheanswer__________thesequestions A.of B.for C.to D.with
22.Don’tforgettobringyourtextbook______you. A.in Bafter C.with D.to
23.Canyousingthissong_____English A.with B.in C.by D.for
24.Whoistheboy_____bluetrousers A.in B.on C.with D.at
25.Don’tread_____thesun.It’sbad_________youreyes. A.under/of B.in/towards C.in/for D.under/for
26. Howmanystudentsgotoschool_____foot A.by B.in C.on D.with
27.Iwillmakeatrip_____Europethissummer. A.for Bto Cwith D.of
28.Mymothersendapostcard____meeveryyear. A.to B.for C.by D.with
29.Let’smakeacake_______Daming;helikescakes. A.to B.for C.by D.with
30.Therearelotsofanimals________thegrassland. A.at B.on C.in D.by。