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定语从句一.定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句修饰一个名词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面
2.关系词引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词有thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas等;关系副词有wherewhenwhy等关系词常有3个作用1,引导定语从句2,代替先行词3,在定语从句中担当一个成分二.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语不能省略1TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.2YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略1Mr.Liuisthepersonwhomyoutalkedaboutonthebus.2Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.注意关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略3Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略1Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2Thisisthepenwhichheboughtyesterday.
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略5Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.6Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语1Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关连词不可以省略关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导1Theschoolthat/whichheoncestudiedinisveryfamous.------Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.3TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazinethat/whichyouaskedfor.-----TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.5We’llgotohearthefamoussingerwhom/that/whowehaveoftentalkedabout.-----We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如lookforlookaftertakecareof等1Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.T2ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.F
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose1--Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.T--Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.F2TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.T----TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.F四.关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语1IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.22Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语1ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.2ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语1Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.2Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.难点分析
(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1.当先行词是anythingeverythingnothingsomethingfewallnonelittlesomemuchanyevery等代词时,1HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid2Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.3Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone4ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.注意someoneanyonesomebodyanybody关系代词既可以用that和who
2.当先行词被序数词修饰1ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时1ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.2Thisisthebestnovelthatihaveeverread.
4.当形容词被theverytheonlythesamethelast等修饰时1ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy2Afterthefireinhishousetheoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.3ThewhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.4Thelastplacethatwevisitedwasthechemicalworks.
5.当先行词前面有whowhich等疑问代词时为避免重复,要用that.1Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere2WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost
6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时1Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正
1.Thisisthefactorywherewevisitedlastweek.
2.ThisisthewatchforwhichTomislooking.
3.ThepersontowhoyouspokeisastudentofGradeTwo.
4.Thehouseinthatweliveisverysmall.
5.Thesungivesofflightandwarmththatmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.
6.I’vereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.
7.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.
8.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry.
9.Everythingwhichwesawwasofgreatinterest.
10.Hisdogthatwasnowveryoldbecameillanddied.
11.Thereasonwhichhedidn’tgotoschoolisthathewasill.
12.Thosewhowantstogowithmeputupyourhands.
13.Theboyhismotherdiedlastyearstudiesveryhard.
14.Ihavetwosistersbothofthemaredoctors.
15.We’regoingtovisittheschoolwhereyourbrotherworksthere.
16.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohavebeeninvitedtotheEnglishEvening.
17.Thatisthewaywhichtheywork.
18.Thosehavequestionscanasktheteachersforadvice.
19.Whoisthemanwhohaswhitehairs
20.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhichwehadagood timetogetheratthesea. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案
1.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit. A.theway B.inthewaythat C.intheway D.thewaywhich
2.Therewas________time________Ihatedtogotoschool. A.a;that B.a;when C.the;that D.the;when
3.Iworkinabusiness ________almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance. A.how B.which C.where D.that
4.Isthisthereason________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork A.heexplained B.whatheexplainedC.howheexplained D.whyheexplained
5.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers________madetheothersenvyhim. A.who B.that C.what D.which
6.________isreportedinthenewspaperstalksbe-tweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress. A.It B.As C.That D.What
7.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase ________wasveryreasonable. A.whichprice B.thepriceofwhich C.itsprice D.thepriceofwhose
8.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear80%________aresoldabroad. A.ofwhich B.whichofC.ofthem D.ofthat
9.Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf________fivearemine. A.onwhich B.inwhichC.ofwhich D.fromwhich
10.Luckilywe’dbroughtaroadmapwithout________wewouldhavelostourway. A.it B.that C.this D.which
11.TheEnglishplay________mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess. A.forwhich B.atwhichC.inwhich D.onwhich
12.Therearetwobuildings________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh. A.thelarge B.thelargeofthem C.thelargeronethat D.thelargerofwhichA、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句55题
1._____isknowntotheworldChina’sLiuXiangbecamethefirstAsianinhistorytowinthemen’s110mhurdlesattheOlympicGames. A.That B.Which C.As D.It
2.Idon’tknowthereason_____youwereabsentfromthemeetingbutIamsurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason_____youhaven’ttoldme. A.why;that B.that;why C.because;which D.ofwhich;that
3.WhenshecamebackfromabroadLucytoldusaboutthecitiesandthepeople_____shehadvisited. A.that B.who C.where D.which
4.Becauseofthetrafficjam_____IwascaughtIwaslateforthemeeting. A.bywhich B.inwhich C.that D.where
5.Therearethreethings_____makeSydneyfamousitsbeautifulharbortheSydneyHarborBridgeandtheSydneyOperaHouse. A.what B.that C.when D.where
6.Thesoldiershadtosleepintheirwetclothes_____mostuncomfortable. A.whichIthinkitwas B.whichIthinkwas C.whichIthink D.thatIthinkwas
7.Thehumansaredestroyingnaturedaybyday_____ofcoursewillcauseseverepunishmentfromitsoonerorlater. A.who B.when C.where D.which
8._____Chinagotthesecondplaceinthe2004OlympicGamesmadethewhole nationveryexcited.A.Whenever B.Whether C.If D.That
9._____wasoflittleimportance.A.Whetherhepassedtheexaminationornot B.NomatterhemightpasstheexaminationC.HemightpasstheexaminationD.Whathepassedtheexamination
10._____wasknowntothemthatBobhadbrokenhispromise_____hewouldgivethemarise.A.What;what B.It;which C.As;that D.It;that
11._____wehavefinishedthecourseweshallstartdoingmorerevisionwork.A.Fornow B.Sincethat C.Nowthat D.Bynow
12._____hewashesatuplatestudyinglastnight.A.Astired B.Thoughtired C.Tiredas D.Tiredalthough
13.---Wouldyoulikeacigarette---No.It’sseveralyears_____Igaveupsmoking.A.after B.since C.when D.before
14.Itisaninterestingstoryandonecan’tputitdown_____onehasfinishedreadingit.A.after B.when C.unless D.until
15.---WillyougotoMary’sbirthdayparty---No._____invitedIcan’tgo.I’llbetoobusythen.A.If B.Unless C.Evenif D.When1.Thisisthebestfactory____wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that
2.Isthisthefactory____computersarebuiltA.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat
3.pleasepassmethedictionary____coverisred.A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.whichof
4.Theman____hasarrived.A.whomItoldyouB.thatItoldyouC.whomItoldyouabouthimD.Itoldyouabout
5.Doyouknowthecomrade____wearetalkingA.towhomB.towhoC.whomD.tothat
6.Theyvisitedthehouse___thegreatwriterwasborn.A.fromwhereB.inwhichC.whichD.inwhere
7.Thecomrade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose
8.Heaskedustowatchcarefullyeverything___hedidinclass.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.where
9.I’llvisittheprofessortomorrow___hewillbebackfromShanghai.A.whoB.thatC.whenD.which
10.Theschool___Istudyisanewone.A.onwhichB.atwhereC.onthatD.atwhich
11.Chinahasmanyislands____thelargestisTaiwan.A.inwhichB.atwhichC.whichD.ofwhich
12.Thecity____mymothergrewupisnotfarfromhere.A.whatb.whereC.thatD.which
13.Ourteacherlivesinthehouse____doorfactstothenorth.A.whichB.hisC.thatD.whose
14.Doyouknowtheman___yourfathernoddedA.whomB.towhomC.towhoD.aboutwhom
15.Wrestingisasportin___peopleeasilygethurt.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.what
16.Itoldyou____Iknow.A.allthatB.allwhichC.allwhatD.allwhom
17.Chinahasalotoffamouswritersone___isLuXun.A.ofwhichB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofthem
18.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastyearA.inwhichB.aroundthatC.whomD.theone
19.Whoistheman____wasthereA.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom
20.Isthereanything____IcandoforyousirA.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who
21.Istillremembertheday____shefirstworethatgreendress.A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich
22.Theknife____weusedtocutthebreadisverysharp.A.withwhichB.withitC.withthatD.which
23.Thegames____theyoungmencompetedinweredifficult.A.inwhichB.whichC.itD.who用合适的关系词填空,并说明其做的成分
1.Idon’tlikepeople______getangryeasily.
2.Hereistheman_______youwanttosee.
3.Thisisthegirl______walletwasstolenyesterday.
4.Doyouknowthewomanto_____shewastalking.
5.Doyouknowthewoman______shewastalkingto.
6.Don’tbuypotatoes_______aregreen.
7.Thefish_______theysellarenotfresh.
8.Thetoolwith______heisworkingiscalledasaw.
9.Thetool_______heisworkingwithiscalledasaw.
1.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit. A.theway B.inthewaythat C.intheway D.thewaywhich
2.Isthisthereason________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork A.heexplained B.whatheexplainedC.howheexplained D.whyheexplained
3._____isreportedinthenewspaperstalksbe-tweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress. A.It B.As C.That D.What
4.Luckilywe’dbroughtaroadmapwithout____wewouldhavelostourway. A.it B.that C.this D.which
5.TheEnglishplay________mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess. A.forwhich B.atwhichC.inwhich D.onwhich
6._____isknowntotheworldChina’sLiuXiangbecamethefirstAsianinhistorytowinthemen’s110mhurdlesattheOlympicGames. A.That B.Which C.As D.It
7.WhenshecamebackLucytoldusaboutthecitiesandthepeople____shehadvisited.A.that B.who C.where D.which
8.Therearethreethings_____makeSydneyfamous. A.what B.that C.when D.where
9.---Wouldyoulikeacigarette---No.It’sseveralyears_____Igaveupsmoking.A.after B.since C.when D.before
10.Itisaninterestingstoryandonecan’tputitdown_____onehasfinishedreadingit.A.after B.when C.unless D.until
11.---WillyougotoMary’sbirthdayparty---No._____invitedIcan’tgo.I’llbetoobusythen.A.If B.Unless C.Evenif D.When
12.Those___notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed. A.learn B.whoC.that D.wholearn
13.Anyone____thisopinionmayspeakout. A.thatagainsts B.thatagainstC.whoisagainst D.whoareagainst
14.Mr.Smithisoneoftheforeignexpertswho_____inChina. A.works B.isworkingC.areworking D.hasbeenworking
15.Haveyouseenthegirl__A.thatItoldB.ItoldyouofC.whomItoldyouD.Itoldyouofhim
16.Inthedarkstreettherewasntasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp. A.that B.WhoC.fromwhom D.towhom
17.Canyoulendmethenovel_____theotherday A.thatyoutalked B.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwith D.youtalkedabout
18.Thematter_____youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled. A.that B.whatC.why D.forwhich
19.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons_____theyrememberedintheschool. A.which B.thatC.who D.whom
20.Who___hascommonsensewilldosuchathingA.which B.whoC.whom D.that
21.Alltheapples__felldownwereeatenbythepigs.A.that B.ThoseC.which D.what
22.Illtellyou_____hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhich B.whatallC.thatall D.all
23.Thisisthebiggestlaboratory___wehaveeverbuiltinourschool. A.which B.whatC.where D./
24.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburnA.that B./C.which D.it
25.Isthereanything__toyouA.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs
26.Hisparentswouldntlethimmarryanyone_____familywaspoor. A.that B.WhichC.whos D.Whose
27.Pleasepassmethedictionary___coverisblack.A.which B.whichofC.its D.whose
28.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho__thepianowell.A.playsB.PlayC.playingD.areplaying
29.Heaskedme_____Ineeded.A.that B.whichC.what D./
30.Thatscientist_____workissuccessfulhasbeenmadeamodelworker.A.which B.whoC.whos D.Whose。