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初中英语宾语从句讲与练宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语宾语从句三要素连词、语序、时态
一、连词
1.由that引导的宾语从句that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略例如Ithinkthathavingenoughsleepisgoodforyou.Iamsurethatourteamwillwinthematch.Hesaidthathewantedtostayathome.
2.由连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich和连接副词whenwherewhyhow,howmanyhowlong等引导的宾语从句这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分例如Hedidn’ttellmewhenhewouldcomeback.IamthinkingabouthowIcandealwiththematter.DoyouknowwhosebikeisthenewestCanyoutellmewhowhomourteacherintakingwithwithwhomourteacheristalking
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”例如Iwanttoknowifwhetherhelivesthere.Couldyoutellmeifwhethertherewillbeacharityshowthisweekend?Heaskedifwhethertheyhadfinishedtheirwork.*只用whether,不能用if的情况1)whether可直接跟ornot,if不能如果分开,则都可以Whether/if…ornot如Letmeknowwhetherornotyoucancome.Letmeknowwhether/ifyoucancomeornot.2)宾语从句前置时如WhetherthisistrueIcan’tsay.3)引导主语、表语、同位语从句时,只能用whether,不能用if如Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.(主语从句)Thequestioniswhetherhecandoit.(表语从句)Thequestionwhetherweshouldgowiththemmustbedecidedatonce.(同位语从句)4)从句在介词之后作介词的宾语时,只能用whether,不能用if如Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheywillgooutforapicnic.IhaventcomeupwiththeideaofwhetherIllgobackhome.5)whether可接动词不定式,if不能如Whethertogoorstayisstillaquestion.DoyouknowwhethertogohikingthisSaturday6)在discussdecidedoubt等动词后作宾语时,只能用whether,不能用if如Wediscussedwhetherweshouldgotherebyplane.5)引导让步状语地,一般用whether例如Whetheryoulikeitornotyou’llhavetodoit.Whethertheweatherisgoodorbadtheywillsetoffastheyplanned.6)如果用if会引起歧义时,就只用whetherPleasetellmewhetheryouknowtheanswer.注意1)在引导否定概念宾语从句时,只能用if,而不用whether如He asked me if I hadnt finished my work. 2)当doubt是肯定形式时,用whether,如Idoubtwhetherit’strue.Ioftendoubtwhether/ifitisworthworkingsohard.但是,当doubt是否定形式时,则不用whether或if,要改用that,因为句子本身已没有“怀疑”或“选择”之意比较Idon’tdoubtthatyouarehonest.我不怀疑你的诚实Sheneverdoubtthatshehasdoneright.她对自己是正确的这一点从不怀疑
二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序例如CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezooIwonderifsheisgoingtoabirthdayparty.Doyouknowwhosemodelplaneisflyingthehighest
三、宾语从句的时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态如Ibelievethatyouwillgetahighmarkinthemathsexam.CanyoutellmewhenyouvisitedtheGreatWall2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)例如Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.Shedidn’ttellmeifshewouldjoininthecharitywalk.3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理事实,其时态常用一般现在时例如OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.宾语从句练习题
一、选择
1.Iwonder________youwouldliketocometomybirthdayparty.A.thatB.whetherC.thatifD.thatwhether
2.Idontknow_________thenextday.A.whendoeshecomeB.howdidhecomeC.ifhecameD.whetherhellcome
3.Doyouknow________duringthecomingholidayA.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelpA.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended
6.Doyouknowwhere_________nowA.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Heaskedhowlong_________thecomputer.A.shehashadB.shehasboughtC.shehadhadD.shehadbought
8.Theteachertoldusthattheearth_________aroundthesun.A.goB.goesC.wentD.gone
9.Doyouknowif_____backnextweekIfhe_____backpleaseletmeknow.A.hecomeswillcomeB.willhecomecomesC.hewillcomecomesD.willhecomewillcome
10.Idontknow______hewillcometomorrow.______hecomesIlltellyou.A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
11.Shedoesn’tknow_________togoorstay.A.ifB.whetherC.whatD.that12Tellme_________ornotyou’dliketoplayfootball.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.when
13.Theteachertoldusthatlight________muchfasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.wouldtravelD.hadtraveled
14.I’m worried about ______ they will arrive on time. A.whenB.whatC.ifD.whether
15.I’llneverdoubt_________ourlifewillbecomebetterandbetter.A.whetherB.ifC.howD.why
二、改写句子
1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChinaCouldyoutellus(合并句子)→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina
2.Doesthegirlneedanyhelp”heaskedme.(合并句子)Heaskedme______thegirl_______________help.
3.WhendoesthetrainleaveIwanttoknow.(合并句子)Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.
4.WheredidyoufindthebookCouldyoutellme合并句子Couldyoutellme___________________________thebook
5.WhohasleftforHaikouNobodyknew.合并句子Nobodyknew____________________________________Haikou.
6.“Keepthedooropen.”Hesaidtome.合并句子He__________________________thedooropen.
7.“Don’tplaywithfire.”Isaidtohim.合并句子I_________________________withfire.
8.Canyoutellmewhowillyougowith合并句子Canyoutellme__________________________________with
9.Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.(变为简单句)Idon’tknow___________________next.
10.Wedon’tknowiftheproblemhasbeensolved.(改为被动语态)_______________________________________________________________
三、翻译
1.Iwanttoknow____________________________________.(他在听什么音乐)
2.Couldyoutellme________________________________(这工作能否按时完成)
3.I wonder _______________________________(是否你会介意我们问)a few questions
4. He wants to know _____________________________运动会将什么时候举办
5. Can you tell me _______________________________我如何能到达最近的医院
6. He didnt know ________________________________________接下来该做什么
4. Mary wanted to know ______________________________为什么Jack上课迟到
7. She said __________________________________如果明天不下雨,她就会来)
8. The teacher said ______________________________________地球围绕太阳转)
9. I find ______________________________________找到这个问题的答案很困难
10._________________________________________是否举行运动会isn’tknownyet.
11.据说我的家乡可能要修建一条高速铁路(high-speedrail)________________________________________________________________________
12.我有时怀疑这本书是否值得一读________________________________________________________________________
13.我想象不出几百年后生活会是什么样________________________________________________________________________
14.你认为新火车站什么时候能建成________________________________________________________________________。