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讲座初中英语语法讲座这一讲里,主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法,特别是针对同学不易掌握的方面
一、名词关于名词,我们必须掌握名词的数,名词的格┌单数---可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数,在元音发音开头的单词前用an,而不是a可数名词名词的根据数└复数不可数名词
1.复数的构成方法1一般在复数名词后加s,如dog--dogs2以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es,如watch--watches3以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es,如country--countries请区别如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词,则只须加s如monkey--monkeys4以o结尾的名词,只有potato土豆,tomato西红柿加es构成复数5以f、fe结尾的名词,变f、fe为v再加es,如knife--knives
2.单复数形式相同的词sheep--sheep,fish—fishChinese--Chinese,Japanese--Japanese
3.特殊变化的单词有1tooth--teeth,foot--feet2man--men,woman--women,policeman--policemenFrenchman--Frenchmen请区别German德国人--Germans3child—children
4.常以复数形式出现的名词people人,clothes衣服,trousers裤子glasses眼镜这些名词作主语时,同学们应特别注意它们的谓语,用复数如Myclothesarebenewerthanyours.
5.有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆如news消息,maths数学,physics物理Nonewsisgoodnews.
6.可用howmany,many,afew,few,alotof,lotsof,some,any等来修饰可数名词复数Howmanyarethereinyourpencil-boxknife不可数名词
1.常见的不可数名词有water,rice,fish,meat,等应特别记medicinenewsworkhomeworkhouseworkmoneychalkweathercottonwood.
2.不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数 如Somebreadoverthere.be
3.常用howmuchmuchalittlelittlealotofsomeany等来修饰不可数名词
4.常用apieceofacupof等来表示不可数名词的量如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义,bread仍为不可数名词,不加s,而piece则可加s即twopiecesofbread请区别可数名词也可用量来表示,如三箱苹果threeboxesofapples例
1、Thesetwopiecesofbreadareoverthere.be
2、CouldIhavethreeplease?A.pieceofbread B..pieceofbreads C.piecesofbread D.piecesofbreads名词的格名词所有格的构成方法,在名词后加“s”如Tom→Toms译为“…的”,若遇上以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“”即可如TeachersDaytwoweeksholiday,而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加s如ChildrensDay关于名词所有格,应掌握以下几点
1.可用名词所有格表示地点如myaunts我姑姑家gotothedoctors去医生家
2.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加s如LucyandLilys露西和莉莉的
3.掌握词组agirloffive一个五岁的女孩afriendofmine我的一个朋友eg;ThewhiteshirtisandblueoneisA、Katemy B.Katesmine C.Katemine D.Katesmy
二、冠词冠词是词汇中的基础的,也是简单的部分,所以同学们有必要掌握其基本用法,中考也会体现这一点归纳起来,同学们应该掌握以下几点
1.冠词指不定冠词aan和定冠词the
2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前,如anhouranEnglishcar. 请区别ausefulmachine
3.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the
4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如thesunthemoontheearth
5.定冠词the用于序数词前,表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前如thefirstthebestinthesouth
6.在复数姓氏前加the,表示××一家人,常看成复数如TheBrownsaregoingtoShanghaiforaholidaythissummer.
7.在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如intheboxbehindthechair
8.特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面1在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词如insummerinAugust请区别inthespringof
1945.这里表示特指,故加the2一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词 如havebreakfastplayfootball3一些固定词组中,如gotobedgotoschoolbybusatnight.
9.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别infrontof在…前面 inthehospital在医院里 inthefrontof在…范围内的前部 inhospital生病住院Theres800-metre-longroadbehindhospital.A.anan B.aa C.anthe D.athe
三、数词同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词,以及与数词有关的钟点表达法对数词的考查,中考常采用单选题及听力题,这些题型归纳起来,应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地方
1.基数词变序数词其规律为123特殊记,加th从4起firstsecondthirdfourth8少t,9去e,千万别忘记eighthninth逢5逢12,ve变ffifthtwelfth20到90,y要变ietwentiethninetieth若是几十几,前基后序别倒位ninety-first
2.hundredthousandmillion在构成具体的数字时用单数形式 如fivehundredpeople.只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数形式hundredsof数以百计的,成百上千的thousandsof数以千计的,成千上万的millionsof数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字
3.序数词常与定冠词the连用eg:HenryhaslearnedeightFrenchwordsthisyear.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundredof D.hundredsofThelessonisthemostdifficultoneinBookTwo.twenty另外,同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法顺读法钟点+分钟 如4:30fourthirty4:45fourforty-five4:15fourfifteen倒读法分钟+to/past+钟点如4:30halfpastfour4:15fifteenpastfour/aquarterpastfour4:45fifteentofive/aquartertofive练习题
1.Atthebeginningofthe_______twentycenturytheworldspopulationwasabout1700million.
2.Arethese_____watchyoursYes.
3.Youdontlookwell.Youdbettergotothe______doctoratonce.
4.Wouldyougiveme________pleaseA.twopapers B.twopieceofpaper C.twopiecesofpaper D.twopiecesofpapers
5.Therearethree_____andseven____inthepicture.A.monkeyssheeps B.monkeyssheep C.monkiessheep D.monkiessheeps
6.Alotof____aretalkingwithtwo_______.A.GermansFrenchmans B.GermenFrenchmans C.GermanFrenchmen D.GermansFrenchmen
7.June1is______________.A.theChildrensDay B.theChildrensDay C.ChildrensDay D.ChildrensDay思考题
1.__________peoplewentouttoseewhathadhappened.A.ThousandsofB.ThreethousandofC.ThousandofD.Threethousands
2.Wehavebeenintheschoolfor______.A.threeandahalfmonth B.threeandahalfmonthsC.threemonthandahalf D.threemonthsandhalf
3._____Englishis_____usefullanguage.A.Aan B./a C.Thean D.A/
四、代词一人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves
1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语,相当于一个形容词,名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语,相当于一个名词
2.注意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数如⑴Thesebooksarentours. Oursarenew.这里ours=ourbooks ⑵Thisisnotourroom. Oursisoverthere.这里ours=ourroom
3.of+名词性物主代词表示所属如asisterofhis他的一个妹妹 afriendofmine我的一个朋友
4.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称,第三人称,第一人称”如YousheandIallenjoythemusic.
5.关于反身代词,同学们须掌握其固定结构enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime过得很愉快byoneself=alone单独、独自helponeselfto…随便吃/喝些...learnsth.byoneself =teachoneselfsth.自学练习题
1.-Whosetrousersarethese -_____Ithink.A.They B.Their C.Theirs D.Them
2.Nobodytaught___English. Hetaught____.A.himhimself B.hishimself C.himbyhimself D.hishis
(二)修饰可数词manyfew表否定意义afew表肯定意义修饰不数名词muchlittle表否定意义alittle表肯定意义few和little与quite或only连用时,常加不定冠词a.如:Therearequiteafewnewbooksinthelibrary.用littlealittlefewafew填空:
1.IoftenstayathomebecauseIhave_______friendshere.
2.Jimdontgoandgetsomewater.Thereis______waterintheglass.
3.ThoughhelearnedFrenchonly________weeks.Hecanspeakverywell.
4.Lilyhad_________breadbecauseshewashungryyesterday.
(三)不定代词:somethinganythingnothing.当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时,常后置如somethingnewTheres____intodaysnewspaper.中考题A.importantanything B.importantsomethingC.anythingimportant D.somethingimportant四另外,代词someeveryallbotheitheranother
1.some(一些,某)一般用于肯定句中 注some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中any(任何)多用于疑问句和否定句
①Willyougivemesomewater
②Wouldyoulikesomemeat
③MayIasksomequestions
④CouldIhavesomeapples
2.every+单数名词“每一个”强调共性,作定语形式上为单数each“每一个”强调个性,作定语、主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用如Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.Everychildlikesplayinggames.
3.all“全部都”表示三者或三者以上,作同位语时,一般放在连系、助动词之后,行为动词之前 none“没有”表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of如WeareallfromCanada.=AllofusarefromCanada.Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.(单、复数均可)
4.both“(两者)都”作主语时,看作复数;作定语时,后跟名词复数either“两者中任何一个”作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时,后跟名词单数neither“两者都不”含有否定意义,用法同either如Theybothswimwell. =Bothofthemswimwell.Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.=Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.NeitherofusisgoingtoBeijingnextweekNeitheranswerisright.
5.another+单数名词“另一个” one…theother“一个……,另一个……”theother+复数名词=theothers“其他的人或物”(指确定范围内剩下的全部)others“别人”五疑问代词5个“wh”即whowhosewhomwhatwhich这里,which是同学们不易掌握的内容,其实,同学们只须记住,对作定语的内容提问,常用which.Imgoingtotaketheskirtontheright.97中考题________________areyougoingtotake
五、形容词副词大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级原级比较级比较...,更...一些最高级最...(A)
1.构成规则情况情 况变化方法例 词单音节词和少数双音节词:一般情况加erestclever-cleverer-cleverest以字母e结尾加rstnice-nicer-nicest重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加erestbig-bigger-biggest以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加erestearly-earlier-earliest部分双音节和多音节词在词前加moremostslowly-moreslowly-mostslowly
2.不规则变化,须熟记good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-leastB常见的使用情况
1.as…as…和...一样(中间用原级)
2.notasso…as和...不一样(中间用原级)3…than…...比...(用比较级)
4.有范围修饰的用最高级 如:inofamong或用从句修饰的eg.⑴Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.⑵ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
5.比较级+and+比较级意为“越来越…...”eg:wetterandwettermoreandmorebeautiful
6.The+比较级,the+比较级越…...就越…...eg:Themorethebetter.越多越好C注意点
1.形容词最高级前一定要用the副词最高级前可省略
2.可用muchalittleevenstill等修饰比较级
3.在比较级中为了避免重复,在than后常用onethatthose等词来替代前面提到过的名词eg:TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.D掌握三种同义句转换
1.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.=Heisthetalleststudentinhisclass.
2.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.=Thisfilmisntasinterestingasthatone.=Thatfilmismoreinterestingthanthisone.
3.IprefermathstoEnglish.=IlikemathsbetterthanEnglish.96中考题Whichdoyoulike_____fishmeat_____eggsA.bestorB.betterorC.bestandD.betterand此外,关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握
1.形容词修饰名词作定语,跟在连系动词之后作表语
2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词enough属例外词形/副+enoughtodoenough+名词eg;sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.她够上学的年龄了
3.区别几组易混淆的副词:也too用于肯定、疑问句also较为正式书面语either用于否定句已经already常用于肯定句、疑问句yet常用于否定句、疑问句不再nonotanylonger从时间上讲nonotanymore从动作上讲如此这样such修饰名词eg:suchabigboxso修饰形容词、副词eg:sobig单独、独自alone作表语=byoneself孤独的lonely可作表语、定语eg:Agroupofgirlsaresinginganddancing______overthere.happy练习题
1.Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark. Somearedrawingbythelake._____areclimbingthehill.A.Others B.Other C.Another D.Theother
2.Thereisnt_____intodaysnewspaper.A.importantsomething B.importantanythingC.anythingimportant D.nothingimportant
3.-WhosewatchisthisMaryIsityoursisters -NoMum.Itsnot______.Its______.A.hersmy B.hermy C.Minehers D.hersmine思考题
1.TheChangjiangRiveristhethird_____riverintheworld.A.long B.longer C.longest D.thelongest
2.Anelephantis_____thanahorse.A.morestrong B.muchstronger C.themoststrong D.muchmorestrong
3.Whichdoyoulike_____teaorangeorwaterA.good B.Well C.Better D.Best
六、介词1.与形容词搭配的词组有beafraidof(怕)beangrywith(生某人的气)beawayfrom(不在某地)bedifferentfrom(与…不同)begoodat(善于)begood/badfor对…有益/有害beinterestedin(对…感兴趣)belatefor(迟到)be/getreadyfor(为作好准备)besureof对…有把握beworriedabout(为…感到担忧)2.介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式1Youmusttakegoodcareofher.2Thankyouforteachingussowell.3.几组易混淆的介词A.“在...之后”in+一段时间(用于一般将来时)after+一段时间(用于一般过去时)after+一点时间(常用于一般将来时)如Thebabystoppedcryingafterhalfanhour.Thebabywillstopcryinginhalfanhour.TheywillvisittheirteacherafterFriday.B.for+一段时间since+过去的一点时间这两者均用于现在完成时,具体在时态部分,我会继续向同学们讲解C.bemadeof用……制成bemadein“由某地制造”bemadebysomebody“由某人制成”D.inonat表时间in“在某月季节、年等”eg:in1996inJanuaryinsummer固定词组inthemorninginaweekinaminuteintimeintheendon用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等eg:onChristmasDayonthenightofFebruary16at“用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中”固定词组atsevenatthemomentatnightatlastatfirstatnoonattimesatonceatthistimeoftheyearatthebeginningofattheendofthismonthatthesametime注意在表时间里,下列情况下一般不用介词词组里有nextlastthisthattomorrowyesterdayoneeveryall以及thedaybeforeyesterday和thedayaftertomorrow前不用介词 如:不能说intomorrow只能说tomorrow在明天E.except+宾格/doingsomething除…之外”(不包括本身)EveryoneisatschooltodayexceptLinTao.同义句转换=OnlyLinTaoisntatschooltoday.F.“用”通过交通工具byplane用语言inEnglish通过媒介on/overthetelephone on/overtheradio onTV用工具手段withapenwithoneshandsG.between“在~和~(两者)之间”between...and...betweenthetwo...among在...之间三者或三者以上eg.Suespentovertwohours____herhomeworkyesterdayevening.A.on B.with C.at D.over
七、连词1.并列连词both…and既~又~谓语用复数动词neither…nor既不~也不~含否定意义,(就近原则)谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数either…or… “或者…或者…”“不是…就是…”and“和” 连接两个并列成分连接谓语时两个动词时态应一致but“但是”表转折,不能与though同时出现在句中or“或者”在否定句中,并列句中的列举常用or,而不用andeg:Ihavebrothersandsisters.否Idonthavebrothersorsisters.=Ihavenobrothersandnosisters.2.引导宾语从句的连词陈述句that可省略一般疑问句if/whether“是否”特殊疑问句特殊疑问词3.引导原因状从的有because不能与so同时出现在句中4.引导时间状语从句的连词A.when(当…时候),assoonas…(一…就),not…until(直到…才),after(在…之后),引导的主从复合句,主句为一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时来代替一般将来时eg:Iwontleaveuntilhecomesback.B.since(自从…以来)引导的主从复合句,主句为现在完成时,从句用一般过去时eg Wehaventmeteachothersincesheleftherelastyear.C.while(当…时候,一边…一边…)它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态eg:MyfathercameinwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.5.引导条件状语从句的连词if “如果”,引导条件状从,主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时请区别于if“是否”相当于whether,引导宾语从句,时态根据语境确定eg:1Idontknowifitraintomorrow.2Ifit______raintomorrowI_____________notclimbthehills.3JoanandMaryhaventseeneachother___theyleftschoolfiveyearsago. A.as B.before C.after D.since
八、动词可以分为四类实义动词(或称行为动词)连系动词、情态动词以及助动词
一、实义动词(行为动词)
1.不及物动词:不能直接跟宾语常须加了介词后方能加宾语如:lookatforaftergettoonoperateonhearofhearfrompointtoatworryaboutknockatplaywiththinkabout等
2.及物动词:后面必须跟宾语意义才完整在及物动词+副词构成动副搭配时代词放中间这一点同学们常易忘记故应特别加以记忆如:turnon√turnontheradio√turntheradioon√turnonit×turniton√常见的动副搭配的词组有putonpickuplookupwakeuptryonwritedownmoveawaytakeaway等
3.注意行为动词的几种变化形式原形 enjoy第三人称单数enjoys过去式enjoyed过去分词enjoyed现在分词enjoying象过去式,过去分词,同学们须熟记初中所学的不规则动词变化表现在分词的变化方法,一般是直接在动词后加ing,有几个特殊的可加以记忆lie-lyingdie-dying要双写的单词有一个mswim-swimming一个gdig-digging三个nrun-runningwin-winningbegin-beginning三个pstop-stoppingshop-shoppingdrop-dropping还有六个tsit-sittinghit-hitting,get-gettinglet-lettingput-puttingforget-forgetting同学们特别应注意forgetbegin这种双音节单词另外,eatwait这两个词不是重读闭音节,故不能双写加ing,这也是同学们易犯的错误
4.请区别几组易混淆的同义动词第一组look-see-watch-readlook看lookatthebirdsee看见seeafilmwatch观看、注视watchTV,watchafootballmatchread读,阅读readabook,readnewspapers第二组say-speak-talk-tellsay说(不及物动词)
①saytosb.后跟引语
②sayitagain后常跟itspeak讲,发言(不及物动词)
①speakatthemeeting
②learntospeak
③speakEnglishtalk谈话(不及物动词)
①talkaboutsth.谈论某事
②talkwithsb.和某人交谈tell告诉,讲(及物动词)1tellsb.todosth./tellsb.nottodosth.2tellsb.aboutsth.后常跟某人
③tellthetime“报时”/tellastory“讲故事”用sayspeaktalktell的适当形式填空
1.Canyou____Japanese
2.Theteacher___usnottoplayinthestreet.
3.Wouldyouplease__itinEnglish
4.Whatareyou____about第三组borrow-lendborrow借进(短暂动词)
①borrowsth.借某物
②borrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物)如MayIborrowyourbikeMineisbroken.lend借出(短暂动词)lendsb.sth. =lendsth.tosb.把某物借给某人如:Youmustntlendittoothers.keep借(一段时间),常与一段时间的时间状语连用,为延续性动词如:HowlongmayIkeepit第四组bring-takebring带来(表示从远处拿到说话的地点来),常与hereme搭配如Pleasebringmyhattometomorrow.take带走(表示从说话地点拿到远处去),常与thereaway搭配如Takeyourraincoatwithyou.Itsgoingtorain.第五组listen-hearlisten听不及物,常与介词to连用如:Ilistenedcarefullybutheardnothing.Hear听到及物后直接跟宾语hearfromsb收到某人的来信如:Jimsmotherhaventheardfromhimforalongtime.hearof听说如:Haveyouheardofthenews第六组lookfor-find-findoutlookfor寻找(强调动作)find找到发现(强调结果)如:Welookedforhimeverywherebutdidntfindhim.findout查明(通过调查研究找到事实的真相)如:Canyoufindoutwhobrokethewindow第七组puton-wear-dressputon穿上(强调动作)如:Itscoldoutside.Pleaseputonyourcoat.wear穿着(强调状态)如:Lucyiswearingabluesweatertoday.dress打扮,给...穿衣服
①dresssb./oneself给某人(或自己)穿衣服
②getdressed穿好衣服
③dressup打扮穿上盛装”如:Sheoftendressesupinaredskirt.第八组forget-leaveforget忘了某物如:Iforgottotellyouaboutit.leave把某物忘在某地如:Kateleftherkeytoherroomathome.5.有些及物动词后可以跟双宾语即直接宾语(表物)和间接宾语(表人),间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前,若颠倒两者的位置,则通常在间接宾语前加一个介词(to或for)1)2drawsth.forsb.passsth.tosb.makesth.forsb.givesth.tosb.mendsth.forsb.lendsth.tosb.buysth.forsb.showsth.tosb.getsth.forsb.bringsth.tosb.cooksth.forsb.takesth.tosb.keepsth.forsb.writesth.tosb.returnsth.forsb.sendsth.tosb.Eg: Howmuchdidyou____allthesethingsA.spend B.give C.cost D.payfor二.连系动词eg:Hisgrandpahasbeen_____forovertenyears.die常见的连系动词有be+adj./n.是,在become+n./adj.变成turn+adj.变得get+adj.变得grow+adj.长得keep+adj.保持着feel+adj.感到look+adj.看上去seem+adj./n.看起来好象smell+adj.闻起来fallasleep入睡三.情态动词
1.can:能,会表示能力,相当于beableto可以,表示许可,相当于maycan’tbe不可能
2.may:可以,可能,或许maybe可能请区别maybe副词可能
3.must:必须,表示肯定的猜测mustbe准是,一定是
4.could:比can语气更委婉,客气,并不表示过去时
5.注意回答形式⑴MayI... Yesyoumay.Noyoucantmustnt.⑵MustI... Yesyoumust.Noyouneednt.
6.must表示说话人的主观看法,haveto表示外界客观愿望不得不如:⑴Hermotherisill.Shehastostayathomeandtakecareofher.⑵Youmustlookafteryourclothes.
7.should表示应当,应该,与疑问词连用表意外,惊奇WhatshouldIdo我该怎么办呢?
8.willwould在交际用语中,would更客气,表邀请Willyou......好吗? Wouldyou...
四、助动词助动词有dodoesdidhavehaswillwould等
五、动词不定式形式to+动词原形特点
1.无人称和数的变化
2.在句中不能作谓语
3.可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成不定式短语
1.使役动词:letmake感观动词:seehearwatchfeelnotice之后必须使用省略to的动词不定式如⑴Nothingcouldmakehimgetangry.⑵Ioftenhearhersinginthemorning.
2.hadbetter后使用省略to的动词不定式如Youhadbetterdoitbyyourself.
3.It作形式主语,可用todo作真正的主语如:⑴Ittookmehalfanhourtofinishthework.⑵Itsbadforyoutoreadinbed.⑶Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.
4.动词不定式常与特殊疑问词连用如⑴Hedidntknowwhentostart.⑵Wedontknowhowtogetthere.⑶Icantdecidewhichsweatertochoose.
5.记住一些特殊结构⑴Wouldlike/lovetodo想要做⑵Whynotdo为什么不做⑶Helpsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事⑷Itstimetodosth.是干某事的时候了⑸spendindoingsth.=Ittakessb.todosth.花费(时间)做某事⑹too...todosth.太...以致不能...⑺cantwaittodosth.等不及做某事迫不及待做某事⑻stopdoingsth.停止做某事 stoptodosth.停下来开始做某事练习题1.--CanyouanswerthisquestioninEnglishNoI_____.A.neednt B.mustnt C.maynot D.cant
2.Theteacherwantedus_____Exercise1butyouletme______Exercise
2.A.tododo B.todotodo C.dotodo D.dodo
3.MissGreensawawallet_______onthegroundwhenshewalkedpasttheschoolgate.A.lie B.Lying C.lies D.tolie
4.Whathaveyoudone_____themilkIvejust_____it.A.witheaten B.foreaten C.withdrunk D.fordrunk
5.Itsrathercoldtoday.Youdbetter_____moreclothesbeforeyougoout.A.puton B.wear C.toputon D.towear
6.Theradio_______itwillgetwarmerlater.A.says B.speaks C.talks D.tells
7.Youmustbeverytired.Whynot_____arestA.stophaving B.stoptohave C.tostophaving D.tostoptohave
8.LiPingisyoungbuthe_____manyplacesofinterestinSouthChina.A.wentto B.hasbeenin C.hasgoneto D.hasbeento
9.Mothertoldme_____inthesun.A.notread B.dontread C.readnot D.nottoread
10.Doyouoftenseeher________volleyballontheplaygroundA.play B.played C.plays D.toplay
11.─Itsfinetoday.Why______outforapicnic ─Thatsagoodidea.A.notgo B.dontgo C.tonotgo D.nottogo思考题
1.Alicedidnthearwhattheteachersaidjustnowsoshedoesntknowhow_______theproblem.A.do B.did C.todo D.doing
2.Whenthelittleboy____someonecomingupstairshestopped_____.A.heard…crying B.listened…tocry C.heard…tocry D.listened…cry
3.Annwasjustfalling______whenthetelephonerang.A.asleep B.sleep C.sleeping D.slept
4.I______myrulerathome.CanIuseyourspleaseA.forgot B.haveforgotten C.left D.haveleft
5.Jim_____thegoodnewstohisclassmatesthismorning.A.spoke B.told C.said D.talked
九、构词法eg:ToanAmericanaChineseisa_____________.foreign前缀例词派生词un-“不”happyunhappylikeunlikeusualunusualfriendlyunfriendlyim-“不”possibleimpossible后缀例词派生词-er“人”teach/play/cleanteacher/player/cleanerdrivedriver(以e结尾,-r)runrunner(重读闭音节,双写-erwinwinnertraveltraveller-or“人”inventinventorvisitvisitor-ly(副词后缀)badbadlyquickquicklycarefulcarefullyhappyhappilydeepdeeplyluckyluckilyusualusuallynoisynoisilyslowslowlyangryangrilystrongstronglyquietquietly特例true-truly terrible-terriblypossible-possibly-ful(形容词后缀)carecarefulhelphelpfuluseusefulforgetforgetful-y(形容词后缀)rainrainyluckluckycloudcloudynoisenoisy(以e结尾,去e,加-y)snowsnowysunsunny(双写,加-y)windwindy-ion(名词后缀)inventinventionoperateoperation-ness(名词后缀)busybusinessgoodgoodness一些特例动词形容词动词现在分词转化为名词sleepasleepboatboatingdiedeadbuildbuildingenjoyenjoyablebeginbeginningcrosscrossing名词形容词meetmeetingfriendfriendlyturnturningsouthsouthernshopshoppingwoolwoolendangerdangerous动词过去分词转为形容词differencedifferentfryfriedworryworried动词名词breakbrokenknowknowledgeloselostflyflightpleasepleasedpleasepleasurecolourcoloured名词名词动词现在分词、过去分词转为形容词farmfarmer农夫followfollowinginterestinterested“感兴趣的”只作表语,仅用于beinterestedindevelopinteresting“有趣的”可作表语和定语developed“发达的”developing“发展中的”练习题
1、Lucycanwritealetter___Japanesethoughshehaslearneditonlyafewmonths.A.from B.to C.in D.with
2、TheywillhaveanEnglishtest___twodays.A.for B.at C.in D.after
3、WuDongwasborn___theeveningofApril
21975.A.at B.in C.on D.to
4、Ihaventheard_______her_____shelefthome.A.fromsince B.fromafter C.ofwhen D.ofas
5、Tomdidntknow___JackwouldleaveforBeijingtomorrow.A.how B.weather C.whether D.what
6、Hisparentswere_______happybecausehehadfailedtheexamagain.
7、Mrs.Greenlikedtostay_____safeatthesameplace.
8、The_______visitfromFrancearegoingtovisitourschoolthisafternoon.思考题
1、Thefarmerwas___tired___hecouldntfallasleep.A.very…to B.too…to C.so…that D.neither…nor
2、Workhard___youwontcatchupwiththeothers.A.but B.and C.if D.or
3、Thegameisvery___andshes___init.A.interestinginteresting B.interestedinterestedC.interestedinteresting D.interestinginterested。