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【本讲教育信息】
一、教学内容高中阅读理解题型及解题技巧
二、教学目标
1、掌握阅读题中五大题型
2、结合练习掌握解题技巧
三、重点、难点如何根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同,采用不同的解题技巧
1、细节理解
2、猜测词义
3、推理判断
4、主旨大意
5、观点态度阅读理解专项复习
(二)
一、推理判断:这种题型属于主观题,是层次较高的设题主要是检测考生能否通过文章的字面意思去领悟作者的言外之意的能力它要求考生依据全篇内在逻辑关系进行合乎逻辑的推理判断注意解题技巧
1.不选择照抄原文的选项,选择有同义词解释的选项
2.不选事实细节选项
3.不选非事实选项
4.选概括性/哲理性的选项常见提问形式有:
1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthepassagethat______
2.Thepassagesuggests/impliesthat____
3.Bythefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraphtheauthormeans_____
4.Wecanconcludethat_________.
5.Whenthewritertalksabout...whathereallymeansisthat_____.
6.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageSampleⅠWhentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeverydayIwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedoversheasked“Areyousingle”“Whyyes.”Iansweredsmilingatherhappily.“Soismymother.”shesaid“Wouldyouliketomeether”
1.Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress’agebecausehethought__________.A.shewasyoungB.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC.shewasbeautifulD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim
2.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuch(DC)SampleⅡAnnealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.Ifmetalisheatedandthencooledveryquicklyforexamplebydipping浸itinwateritwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle-thatisitwillbreakeasily.Metalthathasbeenannealedissoftbutdoesnotbreakaseasily.Itispossibletomakemetalashardorassoftasitiswishedbyannealingit.Themetalisheatedandallowedtocoolslowlyforacertainlengthoftime.Thelongertheheatedmetaltakestocoolslowlythesofteritbecomes.Annealingcanalsobeusedonothermaterialsuchasglass.
1.WhydopeopleputhotmetalinwaterA.Tomakeithard.B.Tomakeitsoft.C.Tomakeitcool.D.Tomakeitbrittle.
2.Inannealingtherequiredhardnessofmetaldependson___________.A.thequantityofwaterusedB.thetemperatureofthemetalC.thesoftnessofthemetalD.thetimingoftheoperation
3.AssuggestedbythetexthowcanglassbemadelessbrittleA.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledquickly.B.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedslowly.C.Itcanbeheatedandthencooledslowly.D.Itcanbecooledandthenheatedquickly.(DDC)
二、主旨大意加工与浓缩信息的能力
1.标题类常见的题型:1)Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe____.2)Thetextpassagecouldbeentitled.3)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage4)Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage
2.大意类常见题型1)Thispassagechieflydealswith____.2)What’sthetopicofthearticle3)Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext4)Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned
3.目的主旨大意类常见题型1)Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageis______.2)Thepassageismeantto_____3)Thepurposeofthisarticleis_______
4.主题句呈现的形式A.文首提出主题随之用细节来解释支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式Sample1Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildrenandpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.Sample2Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrisingsoquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothishumanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.B.文尾在表述细节后,归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果,以概括主题这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.C.文中通常前面只提出问题,文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infactthemodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.D.无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节,进行全面考虑,综合分析,然后找出共同的东西,归纳成一般概念必须注意的是,既不能以偏概全,也不能在概括时过于宽泛,要恰如其分JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchoolandlaterBostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiamiFlorida.WhatisthemainideaofthepassageA.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.B.Binghamisadiligentstudent. C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.(C)
三、观点态度:既考查学生对字面意思的理解,也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解正确理解作者的写作意图,所持的观点及阐述文章主题时的语气或对所论述的对象的态度—假如你是作者,你为什么要写本文?此类考题的主要形式
1.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis______.
2.Thetextdiscussesmenandwomen50000yearsfromnowinordertoshowthat_____.注意辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇,以及承接上下文的连接词贬义disgustcriticalnegativetolerantdisappointment褒义positivewondersupportusefulinterestingenthusiasmadmiring…中立indifferentimpassiveuninterestedambivalentneutralapathetichumordisinteresteddisinterestSampleⅠOneofthemostauthoritativevoicesspeakingtoustodayisofcoursethevoiceoftheadvertisers.Itshoutsatusfromthetelevisionscreenandtheradioloudspeakers;wavestousfromeverypageofthenewspaper;signalstousfromtheroadsidebill-boardsalldayandflashestousincoloredlightsallnight.(根据文章中作者的用词来判断)Theauthorappears___modernadvertising.A.tolikeB.tobeindifferenttoC.todislikeD.toknowhowtodealwith(C)SampleⅡMillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonU.S.roadstheFederalHighwayAdministrationreports.Infactonlyabout80ocelotsanendangeredwildcatexistintheU.S.today.ThemainreasonRoadkill.Thewriterusestheexampleof“ocelots”toshowthat_________.A.wildanimalshavebecomemoredangerousB.thedrivingconditionshaveimprovedgreatlyC.themeasureforprotectingwildlifefailstoworkD.anincreasingnumberofanimalsarekilledinroadaccidents.D【模拟试题】1ManyGoingtoCollegeAreNotReady(许多上大学者并未准备好)Onlyabouthalfofthisyear’shighschoolgraduateshavethereadingskillstheyneedtosucceedincollegeandevenfewerarepreparedforcollege-levelscienceandmathcoursesaccordingtoayearlyreportfromACTwhichproducesoneofthenation’sleadingcollegeadmissionstests.Thereportbasedonscoresofthe2005highschoolgraduateswhotooktheexamsome
1.2millionstudentsinallalsofoundthatfewerthanoneinfourmetthecollege-readinessbenchmarks
①inallfoursubjectstested:readingcomprehensionEnglishmathandscience.ACTsetsitscollege-readinessbenchmarks—includingthereadingcomprehensionbenchmarkwhichisnewthisyear—bycorrelating
②earlierstudents’ACTscoreswithgradestheyactuallyreceivedascollegefreshmen.Basedonthatdatathebenchmarksindicatetheskilllevelatwhichastudenthasa70percentlikelihood
③ofearningaCorbetteranda50percentchanceofearningaBorbetter.Amongthosewhotookthe2005testonly51percentachievedthebenchmarkinreading26percentinscienceand41percentinmath;thefigureforEnglishwas68percent.ResultsfromthenewoptionalACTwritingtestwhichwasnotwidelytakenthisyearwerenotincludedinthereport.About40percentofthenation’s2005highschoolgraduatestooktheACTandtheaverageoverallscorewasunchangedfromtheyearbefore.Minoritystudentsmakeup27percentofallACTtesttakers.BesidestherearealsootherworryingtrendsintheACTreportaswellincludingacontinuingdeclineinthepercentageofstudentsplanningtomajorinengineeringcomputerscienceandeducation.Notes:
①benchmarkn.基准
②correlatev.联系
③likelihoodn.可能性Choosethebestanswersaccordingtotheabove:
1.ThereportfromACTmainlytellsreaderstheproblemthat______.A.fewminoritystudentsgraduatestookACTB.manywhointendtogotocollegearenotreadyC.thecollege-readinessbenchmarksishighthisyearD.thetestsforsomesubjectsaretoodifficult
2.Accordingtothebenchmarksin2005abouthowmanystudentswillnotearnCA.30percent.B.70percent.C.50percent.D.26percent.
3.WhichofthefollowingpicturescancorrectlyshowthenumbersofthestudentswhoachievethebenchmarkindifferentsubjectsA.B..C.. D.
4.WhichofthefollowingscanbefoundinthereportfromACTin2005A.Thereportaboutthewritingtestisveryobjective.B.Moreboystudentsarenotgoodatscienceandmath.C.Thepercentageofstudentsmajoringsciencedeclined.D.Theaveragescoreof2005ACTparticipantschangedgreatly.2Father’sDay(父亲节)TheUnitedStatesisoneofthefewcountriesintheworldthathasanofficialdayonwhichfathersarehonoredbytheirchildren.OnthethirdSundayinJunefathersallacrosstheUnitedStatesaregivenpresentstreatedtodinnerorotherwisemadetofeelspecial.HowevertheideaforcreatingadayforchildrentohonortheirfathersbeganinSpokaneWashington.AwomanbythenameofSonoraSmartDoddthoughtoftheideaforFather’sDaywhilelisteningtoaMother’sDaysermon
①in
1909.HavingbeenraisedbyherfatherHenryJacksonSmartafterhermotherdiedSonorawantedherfathertoknowhowspecialhewastoher.Itwasherfatherthatmadealltheparentalsacrifices
②andwasintheeyesofhisdaughteraselflessandlovingman.Sonora’sfatherwasborninJunesoshechosetoholdthefirstFather’sDaycelebrationinSpikaneWashingtononthe19thofJune
1910.In1924PresidentCalvinCoolidgedeclaredthethirdSundayinJuneasFather’sDay.RosesaretheFather’sDayflowers:redtobewornforalivingfatherandwhiteifthefatherhasdied.Whenchildrencan’tvisittheirfathersortakethemouttodinnertheysendagreetingcard.Traditionallyfathersprefergreetingcardsthatarenottoosentimental
③.Mostgreetingcardsaretoospecialsofatherslaughwhentheyopenthem.SomegiveheartfeltthanksforbeingtherewheneverthechildneededDad.Notes:
①sermonv.布道
②sacrificesn.牺牲
③sentimentaladj.感伤的Choosethebestanswersaccordingtotheabove:
1.TheUnitedStatesisspecialinFather’sDaybecause______.A.manypeoplecelebratethedayB.onlyAmericacelebratesthedayC.AmericamakesitanofficialdayD.allmenarehonoredinAmerica
2.AtfirstFather’sDaywasfixedonJune19thbecause______.A.Sonorahonoredherfatheronherfather’sbirthdayB.Sonora’sbirthdaywasJune19C.itwasdecidedbythepresidentatthattimeD.hermotherdiedonJune
193.HowmanyyearshaspassedbeforeFather’sDaybecameanofficialdaysincethefather’sdaywascelebratedA.4B.10C.14D.
244.AccordingtothepassageonFather’sDay______.A.peoplewillwearthesameflowerstohonortheirfathersB.onlydaughterswearredflowerstohonortheirfathersC.childrenmustgohometohonortheirfathersD.fathersareoftenhonoredindifferentways
5.AccordingtothepassagewecaninferthatHenryJacksonSmart______.A.wasverykindtoanyoneB.didalotforhisdaughterC.wasthefirstfatherhonoredin1924D.alwayshelpothersbygivingmoney3GreenlandisShrinkingatSurprisingRate(格陵兰岛正在以惊人的速度缩小)Anewstudyshowsoneofthelargestglaciers
①inGreenlandisbecomingsmallerandspeedingtotheseafasterthanscientistsexpected.IfitcontinuesGreenlanditselfcouldbecomemuchsmallerduringthiscenturyandglobalseascouldriseasmuchas3feet.Therates
②ofchangethatwe’renoticingaremuchhigherthanexpected.IftheseratescontinueitisnotunlikelythatGreenlandcouldshrink
③byseveraltensofpercentthiscentury.Howeverit’snotknownhowquicklythiscoastalresponseoftheGreenlandicesheetmeltingwillhaveaneffectonthevastinlandice.Greenlandistheworld’slargestislandcoveringanareamorethanthreetimesthesizeofTexas.Some81percentofitiscoveredbyiceandtherearemanyglaciers.Glaciersarelikeslow-movingriversofice.Whereaglaciermeetstheseaitsweightkeepsitfirmlyrestingonthebottom.Aglacier’sfrontisthepointwherethewaterisdeepenoughthattheglacierfloats.Sincethe1970sthefrontofHelheimstayedinthesameplace.Thenitbeganmeltingrapidlymovingback
4.5milesfrom2001throughthispastsummer.Ithasalsogrownthinnerfromtoptobottombymorethan130feetsince
2001.Andoverthesepastfouryearsitstriptotheseahasspedupfromabout70feetperdaytonearly
110.Themeltingisdrivenbyawarmerclimate.TemperaturesinGreenlandhaverisenmorethanfivedegreesFahrenheitinthelastdecade.SincemostofGreenland’siceisonlandseaswillriseastheicemelts.IfallGreenland’sicesheetmeltedoceanswouldbe15-20feethigher.Nobodyexpectsthattohappenanytimesoon.Notes:
①glaciern.冰川
②raten.比率
③shrinkv.缩小Choosethebestanswersaccordingtotheabove:
1.WhichofthefollowingabouttheglaciersisTRUEA.GlaciersonlylieinGreenland.B.Wateringlaciersismorethanseawater.C.Glacierssometimesfloatonthewater.D.Glacierscanincreasethewaterleveloflakes.
2.AccordingtothetextweknowthatGreenland______.A.belongstoCanadaB.isthelargestislandinNorthAmericaC.isallcoveredwithglaciersD.issinkingunderthesealevel
3.WhichofthefollowingmaybetheresultofthedisappearingofGreenlandglaciersA.Theclimateoftheworldwillbewarmer.B.Theglaciersinotherareawillbebigger.C.Itwillbeeasyforexplorerstovisittheisland.D.Somecoastalcitiesmaybeunderthesea.4Five-StarHotelUndertheSea(海下五星级饭店)PresidentBushmaytalkaboutaplantoMarsbutBruceJonesthinksthereisstillahealthythirstforexplorationintounderwaterworldsonourownplanet.Aftergrowingupwithagrandfatherinthemarineconstruction
①businessJonesquicklygotafeelforthewater.Hestarteddivingatage9andbythe1980sbeganofferingadviceforthoseinterestedinthesubmarine
②business.By1993hewasrunninghisowncompanyU.S.Submarineswhichdesignsandbuildssubmarinesforothers.Joneshas$40millionspentinbuildingahotelwherethemostexpensiveroomswillbe50feetundertheseaoffEleutheraIslandintheBahamas.UnliketheJulesUnderseaLodge—theonlyunderseahotelnowjustoffthecoastofKeyLargoFla.—guestsatthePoseidonwon’tneedtoputonawetsuittotheirrooms.Theyalsowon’tneedtoworryaboutchangingpressurelevelssincetheroomswillbekeptatabove-surfacepressure.Insteadtheycanmoveeasilytotheir$1500-a-nightunderwaterroomsbyescalator
③.“Ithinktherearealargenumberofpeoplewhowouldbeinterested”saidJones“includinganyonewhoislookingforadifferentexperience.”Eachroomwillfeaturestrongwallsthatlookoutontocoral
④gardens.Therewillbecontrolsineachroomthatguestscanusetochangethelightingoftheunderwaterworldsoutsidetheirwindowsandtoprovidefoodtofishswimmingjustoutside.Itsoundsexciting—butwillithappenIt’shardtosay.“BynowIenvisioned
⑤we’dhavewholeunderwatercities”Coopersaid.“It’sabouttimesomeofthesevisionsbecamereality.”Notes:
①marineconstruction海洋建筑
②submarineadj.海下的
③escalatorn.自动梯
④coraln.珊瑚
⑤envisionv.展望Choosethebestanswersaccordingtotheabove:
1.ThefirstparagraphtakesPresidentBushforexampleinorderto______.A.praisePresidentBush’splantoMarsB.humorouslyintroducethemainsubjecttoreadersC.supportPresidentBush’splantoMarsD.showBruceJonesisagainstPresidentBush’splan
2.AccordingtothetextwhohadagreateffectonBruceJonesA.Hisfather.B.Hisfriends.C.HisgrandfatherD.Hisgrandmother
3.AccordingtoBruceJones’sunderseahotelweknowthat______.A.fishoutsidecanbeseenthroughthehotel’swallsB.thehotelhasbeenbuiltandcameintouseC.itwillbeeasytoswimintotheunderwaterroomsD.visitorswillhavetowearwetsuitsagainstwater
4.AccordingtoCooper’swordshisattitudestowardstheunderwaterhotelsare______.A.disappointedB.criticalC.objectiveD.hopeful【试题答案】
1.B本篇文章主要是说美国的高中毕业生所参加的ACT考试成绩不理想,上大学的分数低,B说的就是该意思
2.A由文章第三段最后一句可知
3.D由文章的第四段可知
4.C由文章的最后一段可知
21.C细节理解题由文章的第一段的第一句可知
2.A推理判断题由文章第二段的第5句可推之
3.C数字计算题由第二段的最后一句和第三段的第一句可知
4.D细节判断题由文章的最后两段可知
5.B推理判断题由文章的第2段可知她的父亲无私、仁慈,她的母亲死后,是她的父亲把她养大的,因此可以推知她的父亲对她一定付出了很多
31.C细节判断题由文章第三段的最后一句“Aglacier’sfrontisthepointwherethewaterisdeepenoughthattheglacierfloats.”可知
2.B细节理解题由文章第三段的第一句可知,既然是世界上的第一大岛,当然也是北美洲的第一大岛
3.D推理判断题根据文意,A、B、C三个选项都与之不存在联系
41.B推理判断题第一段的开头利用这一反一正的对比,幽默地引入文章的主题
2.C细节理解题由文章的第一段的第二句话可知
3.A细节判断题由文章的第二段和第四段可知
4.D推理判断题由文章的最后一段可知,他对此是充满希望的,但是由envision来判断,那只是他个人的看法,并不一定是客观的。