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美联英语提供初中英语语法知识形容词与副词第二节两分钟做个小测试,看看你的英语水平http://m.meten.com/test/waijiao.aspxtid=16-73675-0词类、句子成分和构词法形容词与副词形容词和副词在语法结构上都有比较级和最高级,它们的构成方法基本上一样,都与音节多少有关,有些形容词和副词有特殊的比较级和最高级形式二者基本分为同级比较、比较级和最高级三种形式1.形容词与副词的用法形容词中有词形相近的,也有词义相近的,应注意区别如1behind在后的---hind后部的,considerate周到的,体贴的---considerable应考虑的,eminent闻名的--imminent紧迫的,gracious亲切的---graceful优雅的,like有生命的---alive活的,industrious勤劳的--industrial工业的,like同样的---alike同样的,仅作表语,opposite相对的---opposing反对的,perspective透视的---respective各自的,sensitive伤感的---sensible明显的,etc,例如WedidenjoyyourstayinginBeijing,andMrs.Yanisreallyconsiderate.ProfessorLihasmanyworld-famousinventions,andheisrespectabletous.Asanyoneknowsthatweuseourfrontteethforbitingandourhindteethforchewing.It’saconsiderablesuccessforhim.2elemental初步的--fundamental基本的,eligible合格的--capable能干的,flexible灵活的--changeable可改变的,initial最初的--preliminary初步的,预备的,slack松弛的--lazy懒惰的,valueless无价值的--priceless无价的,vivid生动的一living活的,etc.例如Henry’sspeechwassovividthathisaudienceapplaudedagainandagain,Itiseasiertoadapttonewsituationsifonehasaflexibleattitude.Wehavefinishedthepreliminaryexam.Yoursuggestionispriceless,and1willconsidercarefully.3有些词尾为-ly的并非副词,而是形容词,如lovdy,likdy,deadly,earthly现世的,leisurdy空闲的,weekly,yearly,manly丈夫气概的,brotherly,friendly等例如WhatalovelygirlJennyis.Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.ChinaDailyisofcourseadailynewspaperbutnotaweeklyone.Heisaveryfriendlyyoungman.Ashedidnthaveanyexperience,hewaslikelytohaveproblems.以下情况形容词常用于后置1形容词短语,即形容词+副词,介词短语或不定式2一些表语性形容词要后置,如present,available,involved,concerned,etc3形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything时要后置例如Therewassomethingniceaboutmyfeelingthatsheknewa11.Forthisreason,aswellastheadditionalcostinvolved,flowforcecompensationisgenerallynotdesirable.Icameacrossanotherquestionhardtoanswerthen.Iwonderediftherewasaroomavailable.副词的位置为修饰哪个词就放在哪个词前面;放在系动词和助动词之后,行为动词和分词之前例如Ihadonlyfive-dollarbillwithmewhenlboardedthetownwardtrain.Theoldlawwereinstitutedtoprotectthelongneglectedrightsofchildren.Icanhardlybelievethatheisthemurderer.Althoughhehasadvantages,itisstilltooearlytosaythatheissuretowin.2.比较级与最高级的基本形式和用法形容词的比较级和最高级的构成为单音节词一般在词尾加-er和-est如果以-e结尾,仅加-r和-st;如末尾仅有一个辅音字母,须双写词尾冉加-er和-est;如果以y结尾的,把y变i,加-er,-est;多音节单词和双音节词其中包括由分词和分词演变而来的形容词,如known,worn,wounded,shocking,striking,interesting,ect则在其前加more和most;有些形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,如goodwell-better-best,badill-worse-worst,manymuch-more-most,little-less-least,far-fartherfurther-farthestfurthest有些形容词没有比较级形式,如absolute,chief,entire,eternal,excellent,fatal,final,foremost,inevitable,infinite,main,naked,perfect,possible,primary,right,sufficient,supreme,universal,utter,vital,whole,wooden,etc,例如Maryisthebeststudentintheclass.Furthernegotiationwillbeconductednextmonth.Thefoodwehaveissufficient.Needlesstosay,heisstrongerthanhisopponent.一般副词的比较级和最高级与形容词一样,单音节的以在词尾加-er和-est构成,多音节的以加more和most的方法构成;有些比较特殊,如well—better-best,badly-worse-worst,much-more-most,little-less-least以-ly结尾的副词,在其前面加more,most例如Tonnyrunsmostquicklythananyotherstudentsintheclass.Whichdoyoulikebest,ThornBirds,GoneWiththeWindOrGreatExpectationIpreferlesssugarinthemilk.Shegetsmoreincomeeverymonththanherhusband.形容词和副词的原级比较由as+形容词或副词或后跟名词或短语+as构成,“as…as’’前可加not,just,almost,nearly,quite,twice,severaltimes等词修饰否定式中not后面的as可改为so例如Runningforfifteenminuteswillburnasmanycaloriesaswalkingforthirtyminutes.HenanprovinceisseveraltimesaslargeasShanghai.Jimmyhasasnervousawayspeakingashisfather.Gettingridofabadhabitisntsosimpleastakingitup.形容词和副词的比较级形式为“形容词副词比较级+than+…”,应注意than前后相比较的人或物要一致比较级前可以跟even,much,still等副词修饰比较级,表示强调例如Motherworriedmuchmoreaboutmyyoungerbrotherthanshedidaboutme.SoundtravelsfasterthroughwaterthanthroughIair.TheeconomicdevelopmentinSouthChinaisfasterthanthatinNorthChina.MybooksaremuchmorethanLiPings.形容词和副词的最高级的形式分别为“the+形容词最高级十名词+范围表达”和“副词最高级+名词+范围表达”,副词的比较级和最高级不需要加the例如Ourforeignexchangereservedidntdeclinedespitetheworstfloodinsixtyyears.Ifinisbedtheworkmoresuccessfullythanhehadexpected.应注意以下表达式的含义thesame…as和……一样,nolessthan不少于,notlessthan只有,hadbetter最好,lessthan不到,moreorless或多或少,otherthan除了,ratherthan而不是,themore…themore/less越……就越……例如Iamsurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhavethesamevalueastheamountofmoneyborrowed.Youhadbetterfinisllyourhomeworktodayfortheteacherwillcollectittomorrow.Wehavereceivedtendozenofpersonalcomputerswhicharelessthantheamountweordered.Thevisltorstotheexhibitionwerenotlessthanthreehundred,whichdisappointedthemverymuch.。