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初二英语--句子成分及基本句型分析教学目的掌握句子成分及其用法,学会分析;掌握五种基本句型;掌握解题技巧重点难点重点
1、理解并活运用基本句型难点
1、句子成分及分析
2、解题技巧及方法教学内容Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.Workharderandpracticemore.Yourhardworkingwillberewardedbygodoneday.Godisequaltoeveryone!冰冻三尺,非一日之寒更加努力地学习,更加勤奋地操练你所付出的一切将会得到上帝的报答,上帝是公平的播下一个行动,收获一种习惯;播下一种习惯,收获一种性格;播下一种性格,收获一种命运老师真心希望你越来越优秀!加油,谢德阳!相信自己!!!
一、主语是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当如Thecarisrunningfast.名词Wearestudents.代词OneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai.数词Itsbadmannerstospitinpublic.不定式Tobeateacherismydream.Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.动名词【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语不定式短语放在句后
二、谓语说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分如Heworksinafactory.实义动词Ifeltcold.系动词+表语HowcanIgettothestation情态动词+实义动词DoyouspeakEnglish助动词+实义动词Theyareworkinginafield.助动词+实义动词【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应
三、宾语是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当如Heisdoinghishomework.名词Theydidnothingthismorning.代词Shewantstogohome.不定式Weenjoyplayingfootball.动名词【注意】
①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物这类动词常见的有give,buy,lend,pass,tell,leave等如Heboughtmeabook.Passmetheball,willyou间宾+直宾直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等如HanChenlentsomemoneytoLiHai.直宾+间宾XiaoLiuboughtadictionaryforTom.直宾+间宾
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词这类动词有want,wish,hope,promise,decide,agree,choose,care等如Ihopetoseeyouagain.
③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式这类动词有enjoy,finish,mind,practice,miss,suggest,keepon等如Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同aforgettodo表示“未发生的动作”,forgetdoing表示“已完成的动作”如Dontforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.还没来Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.书已还给他了bstoptodo不定式为状语表示“停下原来的事,去做另一件事”,stopdoing表示“停止做某事”如Istoppedtotalkwithhim.我停下来与他谈话Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.老师进来时学生们停止谈话挑出下列句子中的宾语
① Mybrother doesnt do hishomework. ABCD
② People all over theworld speak English.ABCD
③Youmustpay good attention to your pronunciation. ABCD
④Howmanynew words do you learn ABCD
⑤Someofthe students intheschoolwant togoswimming how about you ABCD四.定语用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当如Whatabeautifulkiteitis!形容词Sheisachemistryteacher.名词Therearetwostudentsintheclassroom.数词Wehavesomethingtodotomorrow.不定式Themaninblueismybrother.介词短语【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面找出下列句子中的定语
① They use Mr.Mrs.withthe family name. ABCD
② What is your given name ABCD
③Onthe third lap are Class1andClass
3. ABCD
④Iam afraid some people forgot tosweep thefloor. ABCD
⑤ Theman downstairs was trying tosleep. ABCD五.状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末如Thankyouverymuch.副词Igetupatfiveinthemorning.介词短语Heisstudyinghardsoastocatchupwithothers.不定式短语Wewerehavingbreakfastwhenthetelephonerang.从句【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后如Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.六.表语用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当常用的连系动词有be,look,get,sound听起来,feel,become,smell,turn,taste尝起来等如Theyareworkers.名词Twoandthreeisfive.数词Thestoryisveryinteresting.形容词MyjobisteachingEnglish.动名词Sheisathome.介词短语Ifeelterrible.形容词Thedishtastesdelicious.形容词七.宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语需接复合宾语的动词有tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当如Weelectedhimmonitor.名词IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.形容词Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.不定式短语Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.过去分词Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.现在分词写出划线部分的句子成分
1.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.
2.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.
3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.
4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.
5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.
6.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.
7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.
8.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.
9.Theyareintheclassroom.
10.Itsoundsgood.
11.HisnameisPaul.
12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.挑出下列句中的表语
① Theoldman is feeling very tired.ABCD
②Whyis he worried about Jim ABCD
③ The leaves have turned yellow. ABCD
④Soon They all becomeinterested inthesubject. ABCD
⑤She is thefirst tolearn aboutit. ABCD挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①She likes thechildren toreadnewspapersandbooks inthe reading-room.ABCD
②He asks her totaketheboy outofschool. ABCD
③She find it difficult todothework. ABCD
④They call me Lily sometimes. ABCD
⑤ I saw Mr.Wang getonthebus. ABCD挑出下列句中的状语
① There is abigsmile onherface. ABCD
② Everynight he heard thenoise upstairs. ABCD
③He began tolearn English whenhewaseleven. ABCD
④ Theman onthemotorbike istravelling tofast. ABCD
⑤ Withthemedicineboxunderherarm Miss Li hurriedoff. ABCD划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语()
①Pleasetellusastory.
②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.
④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Doesheleaveanymessageforme如Thesunrises.太阳升起来Myheadaches.Thecarstopped.小汽车停下来了rise和stop都是不及物动词,因此后边不必加宾语如Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.如Herbrotherisadriver.Wefeelhappy.(feel为系动词,表示感到……)Itgetsdark.天黑了(get为系动词,表示变得)Tomlooksill.Tom看上去病了(look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来)如HegivesTomapresent.(双宾语)他给汤姆一件礼物Mothermakeanewdressforme.(双宾语)妈妈为我做了一件衣服如TheycallherMary.(宾补)他们叫她MaryWemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy.(宾补)我们使我们的教室干净而整齐Healwaysmakesuslaugh.(宾补)他总使我们笑Ⅰ.听力测试(共20个小题,计20分)A.情景反应(共7个小题,每小题1分,计7分)本题共有7个小题,从下列各题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答语并将其番号填入题前括号内(每小题念两遍)
1.A.Finethanks. B.Nicetomeetyou. C.I’maworker.
2.A.Thursday. B.June
10. C.Mybirthday.
3.A.Thankyouallthesame. B.It’sniceofyou. C.Thanksalot.
4.A.Holdonplease. B.That’sallright. C.Whatapity.
5.A.Yesdoplease. B.Mypleasure. C.That’sright.
6.A.Yeshereyouare. B.You’rewelcome. C.Nothankyou.
7.A.Howareyoulike B.Howdoyoudo C.WhatdoyoudoB.对话理解共8个小题,每小题1分,计8分 本题共有8个小题,请根据你所听到的对话及问题,从下列各题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案并将其番号填入题前括号内每小题念三遍
8.A.Electronicdictionaries. B.Mobilephones. C.MP4players.
9.A.David. B.Nobody. C.Rosa.
10.A.Cats. B.Snakes. C.Mice.
11.A.Schoollife. B.Summerholiday. C.Shopping.
12.A.Lastnight. B.Yesterdayafternoon. C.Thisevening.
13.A.Onceaday. B.Onceaweek. C.Onceamonth.
14.A.About8:
30. B.About9:
30. C.About10:
30.
15.A.Inarestaurant. B.Inahospital. C.Inacinema.C.短文理解共5个小题,每小题1分,计5分 请根据你所听到的短文,从下列各题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案并将其番号填入题前括号内短文念三遍
16.Myfamilylivedin_______beforeIwas12yearsold.A.thecity B.town C.themountains
17.Ispent______walkingtoschooleverymorning.A.halfanhour B.onehour C.oneandahalfhours
18.Icouldmeet_______onthewaytoschool.A.myfriends B.myparents C.nobody
19.Therewere______studentsinmyclass.A.12 B.20 C.40
20.Icouldsee________there. A.thesea B.manyhighbuildings C.manykindsofflowerschancecoverinpainintroublemedicalTony:Damingistraininghardforthebigmatch.Lingling:Yestheteamhasagood1________thisyear.Tony:OhnoDaming’s2___________.He’sdown!Lingling:Itlookslikehe’s3__________Tony:DamingwhathappenedDaming:It’smyleg.Lingling:4_________himwithmycoat.Tony:Butdon’tmovehim.Let’swaitforsomeonewith5____________training.Lingling:Ok.chanceintroubleinpainCovermedicalclearinsidepowerrocktroublewarnInformationiscominginthattherecouldbe1__________becauseofheavyraininthenorth.Thegovernmentis2__________peopleaboutfalling3_______.Someroadshavealotofrocksonthembutpeoplearetryingto4_______themquickly.Insomeplacesthereisno5________.Andpeoplemuststay6______tokeepawayfromfallingrocksTroublewarningrocksclearpowerinside从方框中选择适当的选项补全对话A.WhatcanIdoforyouB.ImgoingtoEnglandformyholiday.C.Youarewelcome.D.Withpleasure!E.WhatshouldIcallpeoplethereF.Itsverykindofyou.G.Andyoumustnttalkloudlyinpublicplaces.A:HiPeter!Whereareyougoingforyourwinterholidayxkb
1.comB:HiBill!
1.______CanyoutellmesomerulesandcustomsinEnglandA:
2.______Firstyoushoulddriveontheleftsideoftheroad.B:OK!WhatsthenextA:
3.______B:Isee.IsthereanythingelseA:Itsnotpolitetoaskpersonalquestionslike“Howoldareyou?”and“Whatsyoursalary薪水?”B:
4.______A:YoucancallthemMrMrsMsorMissbeforetheirfamilyname.B:Great.Thanksverymuch.A:
5.______SpecialbuildingsinJapanEarthquakesareverycommoninJapan.Manycancausealotofdamage.Butnowtherearenewwaysofconstructingbuildingstomakethemsaferandstrongerduringearthquakes.TheYokohamaLandmarkTowerisoneofthetallestbuildingsinJapan.Itisheavyandstrong.Itsitsonrollers.Thismeanstheearthcanriseandfallbeneaththebuildingwithoutshakingit.Homework
1.熟记本次课所讲的语法点,完成讲义上课后作业;
2.将课上所做的错题整理到错题本上;
3.下次课前做好复习,上课听写Americanpeoplehavethehabitofsaying“Thankyou”whensomethingkindisdoneforthemorsomethingpoliteissaidtothemnomatterhoweasythethingis.Thishabitislearnedbypeopleofmany 1 countries.Youshouldsay“Thankyou”whensomeone 2 youthesaltonthetablewhensomeonestepsasidetoletyou 3 inacorridor走廊whensomeone 4 aheadofyoukeepsthedooropen__5__youwhensomeonesaysyourworkiswell__6__oryouhaveboughtanicethingoryourcityisverybeautiful.“Thankyou”is__7__notonlybetweenstrangersornewfriendsbutalsobetweenoldfriendsparentsandchildrenbrothersandsistershusbandsandwives.Parentsoftentell__8__childrenthattheyshouldsay“Thankyou”inansweringtoakindwordoractwhentheyareonlyfour__9__fiveyearsold.Perhapsthats__10__almosteveryonehasgotthishabit.1.A.othersB.anotherC.otherD.else2.A.putsB.passesC.carriesD.borrows3.A.passB.jumpC.singD.dance4.A.jumpsB.walksC.sitsD.walking5.A.toB.withC.forD.on6.A.madeB.doneC.builtD.doing7.A.tellB.saidC.tosayD.told8.A.hisB.theirsC.theirsD.their|
1.c|O|m9.A.butB.andC.orD.so10A.whyB.becauseC.whenD.reasonALadiesfirstInAmericajustasinEuropemenusuallyopendoorsforwomenandwomenalwayswalkaheadofmenintoaroomorarestaurantunlessthemenhavetobeaheadoftheladiestochoosethetabletoopenthedoorofacarordosomeotherthingsliketheabove.Onthestreetmenalmostalwayswalkorcrossthestreetontheclosersideoftheladiestothetraffic交通.Butifamanwalkswithtwoladiesheshouldwalkbetweenthem.Thenifthehost主人orhostess女主人orbothofthemcomeinacartogettheirguestfordinnertheguestshouldsitatthefrontseatandleavethebackseatthoughtherearenopeoplesittingonit.1.InAmericamenusually______.A.walkaheadofwomenB.eatinarestaurantC.walkbehindwomenD.driveacartowork2.Inthestreetmen______.A.crossthestreetB.walkontherightsideoftheladiesC.walkneartheladiesD.walkontheclosersideoftheladiestothetraffic3.Ifamanwalkswithtwoladiesheshould______.A.walkbetweenthemB.runbeforethemC.followthemD.goaway4.Ifamanasksyoutospeakatameetingfirstyoushouldsay“______”A.HowareyouB.Iseveryonehere[来源:学科网]C.Ladiesandgentlemen.D.Howdoyoudo5.IfMrsGreeninvitesyoutoherhouseinacaryoushould______.A.jumpintothecarB.sitatthefrontseatC.sitatthebackseatD.drivethecarBEnjoyingDinnerwithFriendsinAmericaAmericanslikemanypeopleelsewhereintheworldliketoinvitefriendstotheirhomesforaneveningoffooddrinkandconversation.FormaldinnersinfinehomesandhotelsintheUnitedStatesaremuchthesameasformaldinnersanywhereintheworld.ButasmostpeopleintheUnitedStateshavenoservants佣人theirdinnerpartiesathomearemostlyinformal.Guestsmaysitdownatatableorasmanynewsmallhomeshavenoseparate单独的diningroomorverysmalldiningspaceguestscanalsoservethemselvesandeatinthelivingroomholdingtheirplatesontheirknees.Amoreenjoyableformofentertainmentisthepicnic.Americansaregreatpicnickersandalmosteveryfamilyhasapicnicbasket.Summerinvitationsareoftenforapicnicataparkorintheopencountryside.Unlesshamburgersorhotdogsarecookedoverafirepicnicfoodisusuallycoldsandwichessaladspotatochipsetc.Watermelonisafavouritedessertfollowedveryoftenbybaseballfortheyoungandactiveandnaps打盹fortheweary疲惫的;困乏的.6.WhatdomostAmericansliketodoA.Toentertainfriendsathomewithfoodanddrink.B.Toinvitefriendstosomefinehomes.C.Tospendaneveningwithfriendsinthecountry.7.WhydomostAmericanspreferinformalpartiesA.Becausetheyhavenoservantstohelpthem.B.Becausetheirhousesaretoosmalltoholdformaldinnerparties.C.Becauseittakesthemtoomuchtimetoprepareformalparties.8.WheredoguestssitandeatatinformaldinnerA.Atatableinthedinningroom.B.Inthelivingroom.C.BothAandB.9.AccordingtothepassagewhatdopeopleusuallyNOThaveforapicnicA.Cookedfood.B.Hotfood.C.Coldfood.10.WhyisthepicnicsaidtobeamoreenjoyableformofentertainmentA.Becausepeoplecanbeclosertonature.B.Becauseadessertisserved.C.Becausethewholefamilycanhaveittogether.C阅读短文,完成下列任务BoththeBritishandAmericansspeakEnglish.HoweverthereareseveraldifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.Forexamplethewordstheyuseindailylifearenotthesame.TheBritishcallthefirstfloorofabuildingthegroundfloor.ThefloorabovethegroundflooristhefirstfloorwhichAmericanscallthesecondfloor.OnceyougotoBritainandAmericayoumaynoticeotherdifferences.TheBritishusuallyhidetheirfeelings.Theydontoftenstartatalkwithstrangers.OnthetraintheBritishoftenspendtheirtimereadingnewspapersorbooks.ButAmericansaremoreactiveandeasiertotalkwith.任务1:根据英文释义及首字母提示,从短文中找出单词11.a______=atortoahigherpoint12.h______=tostopsomebodyorsomethingfrombeingseen任务2:同义句转换,每空一词13.BoththeBritishandAmericansspeakEnglish.____________theBritish____________AmericansspeakEnglish.14.HoweverthereareseveraldifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.HoweverAmericanEnglishis____________BritishEnglishinseveralways.任务3:根据短文内容简答问题15.WhatdotheBritishoftenspendtheirtimereadingonthetrain________________________________________________________________________假设你叫李伟,你的英国笔友Jim要来中国参观,请你在他来之前给他发一封电子邮件,向他介绍一下中国人的习俗,主要包括1.在中国必须靠右行驶,这跟英国正好相反;2.当你碰到认识的人打招呼问好即可,不必经常握手;3.吃饭要用筷子,主人通常会殷勤地给你盛饭,客人不必非得把盘子里的东西吃光;4.吃完饭后主人通常为客人沏茶,客人走时要有礼貌地道别注意1.短文必须包含以上内容;2.80词左右短文开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数提示主人host 代替insteadof 吃光eatupDearJimHowareyou?ImgladtohearthatyoullcometovisitChina.NowletmetellyousomecustomsinChina.IhopeyouwillhaveagoodtimeinChina.YoursLiWei即学即练即学即练课前一句教师寄语智能梳理即学即练即学即练即学即练智能梳理专项突破能力提升课外拓展反思总结本节课,你的收获是什么呢?课后作业。