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2012届高考英语考前冲刺经典资料书面表达常用句型
一、在英语写作可能使用到的重要句型1)以形式主语it引导的有关句型:
(1)“Itis/was+被强调的部分+thatwho+剩余的部分.”例如
①Itwasn’tuntilhecamebackthatIwenttobed.“直到他回来我才睡觉”一定要注意被强调句型谓语动词否定的转移及形式
②Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tcometoschooltoday.“只因为他有病了今天没有来上学”(只能用because而不能用foras或since)
③ItisIwhoamastudent.“我确实是个学生”
(2)“Ithappened(chanced)that+clause.=sb.happened/chancedsth.=sb.didsth.bychance.”例如IthappenedthathewasoutwhenIgotthere.“当我到那儿时,碰巧他不在”=HehappenedtobeoutwhenIgotthere.=ItchancedthathewasoutwhenIgotthere=HewasoutbychancewhenIgotthere.
(3)“Itseemsthatsb.do/bedoing/havedone/haddone=Sb.seemstodo/bedoing/havedone/haddone”(还有动词appear可这样使用)例如ItseemedthathehadbeentoBeijingbefore.“好像你以去过北京”=HeseemedtohavebeenBeijingbefore.
(4)“Itishightimetime/abouttimethat主语+shoulddo/did+其它”(注意从句中的谓语动词用的是虚拟语气)例如Itishightimethatweshouldgo/wenthome.我们该回家了
(5)“Itis/wassaidreported…+that+从句.”例如Itwassaidthathehadreadthisnovel.“据说他读过这篇小说”=Hewassaidtohavereadthisnovel.
(6)“Itisimpossible/necessary/strange…thatclause.”从句中的谓语用should+do/shouldhavedone,其形式是虚拟语气例如Itisstrangethatheshouldhavefailedinthisexam.真奇怪,他这次考试没有及格
(7)“Itis+apity/ashame…thatclause.”注意从句中的谓语动词用shoulddo或shouldhavedone的形式,但should可以省略例如Hedidn’tcomebackuntilthefilmended.Itwasapitythatheshouldhavemissedthisfilm.“他直到电影结束才回来他没有看到这部电影真可惜”
(8)“Itissuggested/ordered/commanded/…that+clause.”从句的谓语动词用shoulddo但should可以省略例如Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.“有人建议推迟会议”
(9)“Itis/was+表示地点的名词+where+从句”(注意本句不是强调句型,而是以where引导的定语从句)例如ItwasthishousewhereIwasborn.请比较ItwasinthishousethatIwasborn.后一句是强调句型
(10)“Itis/was+表示时间的名词+when+从句”(注意本句型也不是强调句型,而是以when引导的定语从句)例如Itwas1999whenhecamebackfromtheUnitedStates.请比较Itwasin1999thathecamebackfromtheUnitedStates.
(11)“Itiswell-knownthat+从句”例如Itiswell-knownthatsheisalearnedwoman.“众所周知,她是个知识渊博的妇女”
(12)“Itis+段时间+since+主语+did.”//“Itwas+段时间+since+主语+haddone.”例如
①Itisfiveyearssincehelefthere.“他已经离开这儿五年了”
②Itwasfiveyearssincehelefthere.(同上)
(14)“It+谓语+段时间+before+主语+谓语”(before引导的是时间状语从句)例如
①Itwasn’tlongbeforethepeopleinthatcountryroseup.“没有多久那个国家的人民就起义了”
②Itwillbethreehoursbeforehecomesback.“三个小时之后他才能回来”
(15)“Itis+形容词+for+sb.+todo.”例如Itisimpossibleformetofinishthisworkbeforetomorrow.“我明天之前完成此工作是不可能的”
(16)“Itis+(心理品质方面的)形容词+of+sb.+todo.”=“主语+be+形容词+todo.”常用的形容词有kindstupid;foolishgoodwise等例如Itiskindofyoutohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.“你真好给我提供了帮助”2)定语从句中的有关句型
(1)由as引导的非限定性的定语从句例如Aswehaveknownheisamostgoodstudent.“众所周知,他是个很好的学生”请比较Itiswell-knownthatheisamostgoodstudent.(前一个是定语从句,而后者是个主语从句)
(2)由which引导的非限定性的定语从句例如HeisaprofessorwhichIhavebeenlookingforwardtobecoming.“他是个教授,那是我一直盼望的职业”(因为先行词professor是表示职业的名词,因此引导词用which,而不用who(注意关于which和as之间的比较请看语法的定语从句部分)
(3)由wherewhen引导的定语从句(其中包括限定性的或非限定性的)例如
①ThisisthehousewhereIusedtocome.请比较Thisisthehousewhich/thatIusedtocometo.
②ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.请比较Thisisthedaywhich/thatIjoinedthePartyon.[说明]关于that与which之间的区别,请看语法中的定语从句3)让步状语从句中的有关句型“Nomatterwhat/which/who/where/when/whose+从句,+主句”(注意从句中的时态一般情况用一般现在时态)例如
①Nomatterwhatyoudoyoumustdoitwell.请比较Whateveryoudoyoumustdoitwell.“无论你做什么,一定要做好”
②Nomatterwhereyougopleaseletmeknow.请比较Whereveryougopleaseletmeknow.“你无论去哪儿,请通知我”[说明]这两种句型形式不同,而意义完全相同注意Iwilltellwhoeverwouldliketoreadit.句中的whoever不能用whomever来代替,因为它既作动词tell的宾语,又作后面从句的主语4)条件状语从句的有关句型
(1)“When/Solongas/Aslongas/Once+从句,+主句”(从句也可以放在主句之后)例如
①AslongasyougivemesomemoneyIwillletyougo.“只要你给我一些钱,我就让你走”
②OnceyouhavebeguntolearnEnglishyoushouldlearnitwell.“一旦你开始学习英语,你应该把它学好”
(2)“主句+onconditionthat+从句”例如Iwillgowithyouonconditionthatyougivemesomemoney.“我和你一起去的条件是你给我一些钱”
(3)“主句+unless+从句.”注意由于unless本身是否定词,所引导的从句的谓语动词用肯定例如Iwillgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.“我明天去那儿除非下雨”
(4)“祈使句,+and/andthen+主句”(注意祈使句也可用一个名词短语)例如
①Useyourheadandyouwillfindagoodidea.“动脑筋想一想,你就会想出一个好主意”
②AnotherwordandIwillbeatyou.“你再说一句,我就揍你”
(5)“If+necessary/impossible/important等,+主句”例如[来源:Zxxk.Com]IfnecessaryIwilldoit.“如果有必要的话,我来做此事”5)原因状语从句的有关句型
(1)“主句+incase+从句”(incase表示以免)例如Iwilltakemyraincoatincaseitrains.我要把雨衣带上以免下雨
(2)“主句+dueto/becauseof/owningto/+thefactthat+从句”例如Hedidnotcometoschoolbecauseofthefactthathewasill.“由于他有病了,所以没有来上学”6)时间状语从句中的有关句型
(1)“When/While/As+从句,+主句”(关于它们之间的区别请看语法)例如WhenIwasinthecountryIusedtocarrysomewaterforyou.“当我在农村时,我常常给你打水”
(2)“主句+after/before+从句.”例如
①Theyhadn’tbeenmarriedfourmonthsbeforetheyweredevoiced.“他们绘结婚不到四个月就离婚了”
②Wewenthomeafterwehadfinishedthework.“我们做完此工作就回家了”
(3)“主语+肯定谓语+until+从句(或时间)”//“主语+否定谓语+until+从句”例如
①Iworkeduntilhecameback.“我一直工作到他回来”
②Ididn’tworkeduntilhecameback.“他回来我才开始工作”
(4)“Assoonas/Immediately/Directly/Instantly/Themoment/Theinstant/Theminute+从句,+主句.”例如MyfatherwentoutimmediatelyIgothome.“我一到家,我父亲就出去了”
(5)“Nosooner+had+主语+done…than+主语+did.”//“主语+had+nosooner+done…than+主语+did.”例如
①NosoonerhadIgottoBeijingthanIcalledyou.“我一到北京就给你打电话了”
②IhadnosoonergottoBeijingthanIcalledyou.(同上)
(6)“Hardly+had+主语+done…when/before+主语+did.”//“主语+had+hardly+done…when/before+主语+did.”例如
①Hardlyhadshehadsupperwhenshewentout.“她一吃完晚饭就出去了”
②Shehadhardlyhadsupperwhenshewentout.(同上)
(7)“Bythetime+从句,+主句.”(注意时态的变化)例如
①BythetimeyoucamebackIhadfinishedthisbook.“到你回来时,我已经写完了这本书”
②BythetimeyoucomebackIwillhavefinishedthisbook.“到你回来时,我将写完这本书”
(8)“each/everytime+从句,+主句.”这时相当于whenever或nomatterwhen引导的从句从句也可放在主句之后例如EachtimehecomestoHarbinhealwaysdropsinonme.“每当他来哈尔滨,总是随便来看看我”7)地点状语从句的有关句型
(1)“Where+从句,+主句.”例如Wherethereisnorainfarmingisdifficultorimpossible.“哪里没有雨水,种庄稼是很难的或者是不可能的”
(2)“Anywhere/wherever+从句,+主句.”例如
①AnywhereIgomywifegoestoo.“无论我去哪儿,我的妻子也去哪儿”
②Iwillgowhereveryousuggest.“你建议我去哪儿,我就去哪儿”8)目的状语从句的有关句型
(1)“主句+inorderthat/sothat+从句.”例如IgotupearlyinorderthatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.“我起得很早,以便能赶上早班车”
(2)“主句+for+sb.+todo.”(注意动词不定式复合结构在这儿作目的状语)例如Hecamehereformetoworkoutthisproblem.“他来这儿叫我帮他解出这道难题”9)结果状语从句的有关句型
(1)“主句+sothat+从句.”例如Itwasverycoldsothattheriverfroze.“天气很泠,因此河水结冰了”
(2)“So+形容词/副词+特定动词+主语+…+that+从句.”例如SointerestingisthisbookthatIwouldliketoreaditagain.“这本书那么有趣,我想再读一遍”
(3)“主语+谓语+such+名词+that+从句.”例如Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathewaspraisedbytheteacher.“他进步很快,老师表扬了他”
(4)“Suchwas+主语+that+从句.”这是个完全倒装句例如Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.“爆炸力这么大,所有的窗户都被震碎了”10)比较状语从句的有关句型
(1)“The+形容词比较级……,(主句)the+形容词比较级+……”例如Thesooneryoudoitthebetteritwillbe.“越早越好”
(2)“主语+谓语+as+形容词原级+as+被比较的对象.”例如Heisasbusyasabee.“他非常忙”
(3)“主语+谓语+the+形容词比较级+of/between…”例如Heisthetallerofthetwo.“他们俩人中他高”
(4)“主语+谓语+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+被比较的对象.”例如Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.“这个房间是那个房间的三倍大”(这个房间比那个房间大两倍)
(5)“主语+谓语+百分数/倍数+形容词比较级+than+被比较的对象.”例如
①Thiscityistwicelargerthanours.“这个城市比我们城市大两倍”
②Theearlyriceoutputinthatcommunewas200%morethanthatof
2000.“那个公社的早稻产量是2000年的两倍”
(6)“主语+谓语+thesize/length/width/height+of+被比较的对象.”例如Ourbuildingistwicetheheightofyours.“我们的大楼比你们的高两倍”11)其它句型
(1)“Itdoesn’tmatterwh-+从句”例如
①Itdoesn’tmattertomewhatyouwilldotomorrow.“你明天做什么与我无关”
②Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouwillcomeornot.“你来不来无关紧要”
(2)“形容词/副词/名词(可数单数)+as/though+主语+谓语,+主句.”例如
①Youngasheisheknowsalot.“虽然他很小,但他知道得很多”
②HardheworksIamsurethathecan’tpassthisexam.“虽然他学习很努力,这次考试他肯定不能及格”
③Childasheisheknowsalot.“虽然他是个孩子,但他懂得很多”
(3)“Were/Should/Had+主语+谓语,+主句.”例如WereIyouIwouldhavegonethereyesterday.“如果我是你的话,昨天我就去那儿了”
(4)“Only+状语+特定动词+主语+谓语…”例如
①OnlybythismeanscanIdothisworkwell.“只有用那种方式我才能做好此工作”
②Onlybecausehewasilldidhenotcometoschool.“只因为他有病了才没有来上学”
③OnlythendidIrealizethatIhadbeenwrong.“只有那时,我才认识到我错了”
(5)“Notonly+特定动词+主语+谓语…butalso+主语+谓语…”例如NotonlydidhelearnedEnglishwellbutalsohespokeFrenchverywell.“他不但英语学得好,而且法语讲得很流利”
(6)whether….or…neither…nor…either…or…
(7)“主语+doubt+whether+从句.”//“主语+特定否定词+doubt+that+从句.”例如Idon’tdoubtthathewillcomethisafternoon.“我确信他下午一定能来”
二、策略英语写作是对英语语言知识的积极运用它包括两大方面一是内容,即写什么;二是表述,即如何用语言把内容表述出来为了避免所存在的问题并提高英语书面表达能力,宜从以下几方面去努力⑴强化英语基本句型句子是文章的基本框架,在文章中起着桥梁的作用对学生来说,英语书面表达最基础的还是选词造句,使句子正确通顺,符合英语表达习惯⑵分析并诵读课文课文是句型的延伸与扩展,分析课文的选词造句、连接手段、篇章结构等,并有意识地诵读课文,这有利于学生对基本句型的巩固与运用,有利于他们提高语言组织能力以及写作素材的积累和语感的形成⑶加强听说训练听力与口语训练能促进学生用英语进行思维,为学生写出地道的英语打下坚实的思维基础⑷坚持用英语写日记把自己当天的所见所闻、所感所悟用英语记下来,坚持不懈,这样熟能生巧,必有利于英语写作能力的提高还应着力于从以下三个方面来增强效果⒈学会使用较高级的词汇词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少,也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志从评分标准可知,运用高级的词汇对提高书面表达的分数至关重要大家先来看下面这些句子⑴Becausetheweatherwasgoodourjourneywascomfortable.Thankstothegoodweatherourjourneywascomfortable.[来源:学科网]⑵Weallthinkheisagreatman.thinkhighlyofhim.⑶SuddenlyIthoughtoutagoodidea. …cameupon…Agoodideaoccurredtome./Agoodideasuddenlystruckme.⑷Thestudentsthereneedn’tpayfortheirbooks.Booksarefreeforthestudentsthere.⑸Asaresulttheplanwasafailure.Theplanturnedouttobeafailure.⑹Whensheheardhehaddiedshewentpalewithsorrow.[来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K]Atthenewsofhisdeathshewentpalewithsorrow.⑺ShewenttoAustriainordertostudymusic.ShewenttoAustriafor/withthepurposeofstudyingmusic.⑻Whenhespokehefeltmoreandmoreexcited.Themorehespokethemoreexcitedhefelt.⑼Inourschooltherearetwenty–sixclassrooms.Ourschoolismadeupoftwenty–sixclassrooms./Twenty–sixclassroomsmakeupourschool.⑽Youcanfindmyhouseeasily.You’llhavenotrouble/difficultyfindingmyhouse.⒉学会使用较丰富的句式在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句型,要灵活运用各种语法结构,运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少,从而使整篇文章因此而生辉例如⑴Whenhearrivespleasegivemeane-mail.(使用V-ing形式)→Onhisarriving/arrivalpleasegivemeane-mail.⑵Tohissurprisethelittlegirlknowssomanythings.(使用名词性从句)→Whatsurpriseshimisthatthelittlegirlknowssomanythings.Thatthelittlergirlknowssomanythingssurpriseshim./Itsurpriseshimthatthelittlergirlknowssomanythings.⑶ThoughI’mweakI’llmaketheeffort.使用倒装句→WeakasIamI’llmaketheeffort.⑷Hedidnotknowwhathadhappeneduntilhehadreadthenewsinthenewspaper.使用强调句型
①.Itwas…
②.notuntil…→
①Itwasnotuntilhehadreadthenewsinthenewspaperthatheknewwhathadhappened.→
②Notuntilhehadreadthenewsinthenewspaperdidheknowwhathadhappened.⑸Ipassedthephysicsexambecauseofyourhelp.(使用虚拟语气)→
①Icouldnothavepassedthephysicsexambutforyourhelp.→
②IfyouhadnothelpedmeIcouldnothavepassedthephysicsexam.⑹Shewalkedoutofthelabandmanystudentsfollowedher.用过去分词→Followedbymanystudentsshewalkedoutofthelab.⑺Theysangandlaughedastheywentbacktoschool.使用V-ing形式→Singingandlaughingtheywentbacktoschool.⑻Iwon’tbelievewhathesays.(使用状语从句)→NomatterwhathesaysIwon’tbelieve.⑼Ifyoustudyhardyouwillmakerapidprogress.(使用并列句)→Studyhardandyou’llmakerapidprogress.⑽HehadnosoonercomebackfromBeijingthanhewassentabroad.使用倒装句→NosoonerhadhecomebackfromBeijingthanhewassentabroad.⒊学会使用恰当的连接词逻辑角度合适的过渡性词汇时间顺序firstsecondthenfinally/atlastimmediatelysuddenlysoon空间顺序herethereononeside…ontheothersideinfrontofatthebackofnextto对称顺序foronethingforanotherthingononehandontheotherhand转折顺序buthoweverwhilethoughotherwise因果顺序becausesinceasthankstoasaresultof条件顺序aslongassolongasonconditionthatifunless[来源:学科网]让步顺序thoughasevenif/thoughwhetherwhowhatwhenwhere-ever递进顺序what’smorebesidestomakethematterworsewhat’sworse过渡性插入语IthinkI’mafraidyouknowAsweallknow。