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The oldmen unableto expresshimself fellsilentfall asleepfall illfall lamefall silent进入某种状态成为fall Thetrees turnred in autumn He has turnedwriter多接表示颜色或天气的形容词或不带冠词的名词成为与以前完全不同的东西turn Thewell hasrun dryrun shortrundry变成run Itsgrowing warm常可接表示天气的形容词渐渐变得起来长得强调其变化过程grow Shehas become a lawyerHe becameangry withmebecomea n名词成为普通用语多表示过去完成的事become Thedays aregetting longerand longer后接形容词分词介词短语变成变得起来较口语化强调逐渐get Theyoung manseemed to have changedmuch It seems thatshe ishappyseem to beadjnprep seemto doItseemsthat seemsas ifthough似乎好像指说话人内心的估计与判断有一定依据接近于实际情况seem Heappeared to be talkingto himselfIt appearsthat theyare rightThe riverappeared as if envelopedin smogappear to beadjnprep appearto doIt appearsthat appearas ifthough显得好像常用于正式文体中指给他人的表面印象有时含有实质上并非如此之意appear Shelooks likeher motherIt looksasifwe aregoing tohave snowlookadjnprep looklike lookas ifthough好像看起来一般用于非正式场合侧重由视觉得到的印象look考点三考查主动形式表被动意义的用法1need wantrequire要求需要deserve应得值得be worth值得后面接doing主动形式表被动意义The bookis worthreading2不定式作定语放在被修饰词后面与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系不定式要用主动表被动含义I havemuch workto do与work有动宾关系与I有主谓关系比较I havea letterto betyped3不定式作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时主语系动词形容词不定式如果形容词是表示难易利弊等含义时difficult easycomfortable convenienthard cheapexpensive etc不定式用主动表被动The questionis difficult to answerThe workis easyto doIts easyto dothe work4有些动词短语只有主动形式常视为主动表被动
①take placehappen break out等A bigfire happenedtookplacebroke outlast night
②一些动词如sell销售wash洗clean打扫burn燃烧cook煮write写等与副词如well好easily容易地perfectly十分地等连用描绘事物的特性用主动表被动结构是主语动词副词The booksells well动词和动词短语一些常用行为动词的用法比较1.lay和lie原形过去式过去分词现在分词意思用法lie laylain lying躺位于不及物动词lie liedlied lying说谎不及物动词lay laidlaid laying放置产卵及物动词He liedto methat hehad finishedhis homework他向我撒谎说完成作业了He laidthe babyon thebed他把婴儿放在床上2.ariserise和raise原形过去式过去分词现在分词意思用法arise arosearisen arising出现发生兴起不及物动词rise roserisen rising上升起身不及物动词raise raisedraised raising举起提高唤起饲养及物动词The riverhas risenby severalmetres河水上涨了好几米Its difficultraising afamily ona smallincome依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的3.hang的用法原形过去式过去分词现在分词意思用法hanghung hunghanging吊挂及物动词不及物动词hanged hangedhanging绞死及物动词He hunghis clotheson thewall他把衣服挂在墙上The murdererwas hangedand thedead wasavenged杀人犯被绞死了为死者报了仇4.可用于动词+sb+of sth的常用动词accuse控告cheat欺骗cure治愈inform通知remind提醒rid摆脱rob抢劫warn警告This photoreminds meof myschool days这张照片使我想起了学校生活The peopleof thetown werewarned ofthe dangerof flooding5.可用于动词+sb+for doingsth的常用动词blame指责criticise批评forgive原谅excuse原谅pardon原谅punish惩罚scold指责thank感谢Forgive mefor sayingsobut I think thatsnonsense原谅我这样说但是我认为没意义I dontblame youfor doingthat我不责备你做了那事考点四考查易混短语的用法动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词不同搭配含意上的辨析及不同短语的辨析1Agree短语sb agree with sb某人同意某人的话意见sth agreewith sb某物某事适应某人agree tothe plandecisionarrangement同意计划决定安排agree onsth就达成共识agree to do sth同意干某事2Break短语break awayfrom与脱离改掉习惯break down身体垮掉计划谈判失败汽车抛锚分解强调化学变化break ininto闯入break off折断断绝break outfire diseasewar etc突发爆发火灾疾病战争等break up打碎分裂分解强调化学变化3Bring短语bring about引起造成实现bring back拿回使回忆起来bring down使倒下降低bring in挣得介绍引进bring on引起导致bring out揭示揭露bring tolight揭露使了解到bring up抚养呕吐4Call短语call atsp拜访某地call onuponsb访问拜访某人call for要求需要call in召集请来call off取消call up打电话令人想起5Carry短语carry on进行进行下去carry out贯彻执行carry through顺利完成顺利实现动词与动词短语 2012高考英语语法复习系列课件1.动词短语为主动词为辅在近几年所考查的动词与动词短语的题中考查动词短语的占多数2.考查动词的词义辨析包括常见动词用法辨析近义词辨析词形相近词辨析用法相近词辨析3.考查动词短语辨析主要包括同根动词短语的辨析同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及动词+副词+介词短语的辨析在动词短语的测试中绝大多数为基础动词的考查出现频率较高的词有getturnmakeputgogivebreakcutcomelookkeepbringshowpickholdfallcarrypullcatchcalltake等技巧点拨动词与动词短语的考查实际上是词汇知识与语言环境的考查因此我们要注意以下两个问题1.熟记《考试大纲》词汇的意义与用法分析近几年的高考试题我们发现尽管动词与动词短语的考查非常丰富但是万变不离其宗都没有脱离《考试大纲》因此对《考试大纲》中动词与其短语的熟练掌握是我们解决问题的关键在动词与短语单项填空题中我们出错的原因大部分是对其意义掌握不全面2.分析语言环境做到对症下药在搞明白了各选项的意义后我们要充分分析题干然后依据题干所含的语境确定选项专题导读动词及其短语的灵活运用是英语的特色之一也是学生学习中的难点因此每年均为测试的重点在历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用其考点主要涉及以下几个方面1考查动词的词义辨析包括常见动词用法辨析近义词辨析词形相近词辨析等2考查动词的搭配形式如动词与名词的搭配动词与介词副词的搭配等3考查动词短语辨析主要包括同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及动词+副词+介词短语的辨析在动词词组的测试中绝大多数为基础动词的考查出现频率较高的词有get turnmake putgo givebreak cutcome lookkeep bringshow pickhold fallcarry pullcatch calltake等4考查系动词动词作系动词用时后面常接形容词名词分词和不定式等此时动词没有进行时和被动语态这类动词有appear becomefeel looksound seemtaste proveremain staysmell growturn gocome fallstand lieexist等2012年除了要重视动词的基本考点外还要重视以下几个方面的难点1易混的基础动词及其词组2与汉语习惯有出入的动词用法3部分基础动词及其词组的较高级用法专题导读解析B 句意我可以忍受房子不整洁但是如果不干净的话我会厌恶考查动词短语辨析put upwith忍受come upwith想出turn to转向求助于翻到stick to坚持1〔2011·课标全国卷Ⅱ〕I can________the housebeing untidybut Ihate itif itsnot cleanA.come upwithB.put upwithC.turn toD.stick to真题典例√2〔2011·课标全国卷〕William foundit increasinglydifficulttoread forhis eyesightwas beginningto________A.disappearB.fallC.failD.damage 解析C 句意威廉发现阅读越来越难因为他的视力开始衰退考查动词的词义区别fail在这里表达指健康衰退变弱符合题意disappear消失fall落下damage损坏毁掉√3〔2011·陕西卷〕Some insects________the colourof theirsurroundings toprotect themselvesA.take inB.take offC.take onD.take out 解析C 句意有些昆虫呈现出和周围环境一样的颜色目的是保护自己考查动词短语辨析四个选项的意思分别如下A欺骗吸收B脱掉起飞成功C呈现D拿出因此选择C项4〔2011·全国卷〕Mary I________John of his promiseto helpyou A.toldB.reminded C.warned D.advised解析B 句意玛丽我已经提醒过约翰他答应过帮你的事情考查动词搭配tell sbsth告诉某人某事remind sbof sth提醒某人某事使某人想起某事warn sbof sth警告某人关于某事advise sbto tosth建议某人做某事故选B√√5〔2011·湖北卷〕Knowledge andlearning areimportant ifwe wanttobesuccessful butthey mayalso________our thinkingA.directB.limit C.changeD.improve 解析B 句意我们要想成功知识和学习是很重要的但它们也可能限制我们的思考考查动词词义辨析direct指导limit限制change改变improve改进由but可知前后意义上是转折关系故选B项6〔2011·湖北卷〕The ministersaid Weare readyfor discussionswith anylegal partiesbut wellnever________with criminalsA.negotiateB.quarrelC.argueD.consult 解析A 句意部长说我们准备和任何合法政党开展商讨但决不会与罪犯谈判考查动词词义辨析negotiate谈判quarrel争吵argue辩论consult咨询根据句意应选A项√√解析D 句意临床证据开始增多表明这种新药物较以往在动物身上做实验所预测的有更广泛的有益的用途考查动词词义辨析operate操作strengthen加强approve赞成accumulate积累积聚根据句意可知应选D项7〔2010·湖北卷〕Clinical evidencebegan to_____suggesting that the newdrugs hada widerrange ofuseful activitiesthan had been predictedfrom experimentsin animalsA.operate B.strengthenC.approveD.accumulate8〔2010·湖北卷〕The governmenthas takenmeasures to____the highprices ofdaily goodsto keepthe marketstableA.take downB.bring downC.hand downD.tear down解析B 句意政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的价格以保持市场稳定考查动词短语辨析take down写下记下bring down降低减少hand down把传下去宣布tear down拆除根据句意可知应选B项√√9〔2010·山东卷〕They arebroadening thebridge to________the flowof trafficA.put offB.speed upC.turn onD.work out解析B 句意他们正拓宽桥面来加快车流量考查动词短语辨析put off推迟speed up加速turn on打开接通work out算出弄懂产生结果由题干中的关键信息broaden和the flowof traffic可知此处填speed up10〔2010·江西卷〕You cantpredict everythingOften thingsdont______as youexpect A.run outB.break outC.work outD.put out解析C 句意你不能预言一切事情有些事情的结果常常和你期待的不一样考查动词短语的辨析run out耗尽breakout突然爆发work out解决产生结果put out扑灭√√11〔2011·天津卷〕I________a bank account afterI made$1000by doinga part-time jobduring thesummer vacationA.borrowedB.openedC.enteredD.ordered 解析B 考查动词词义open abankaccount意为开了一个银行账户句意为暑假期间我做兼职挣了1000美元之后就开了一个银行账户borrow借enter进入order定购命令12〔2011·辽宁卷〕What areyou doingout ofbed TomYoure________tobeasleepA supposedB knownC thoughtD considered 解析A 考查动词短语辨析根据句意汤姆你不在床上在干什么你________在睡觉四个选项分别意为应该被认识被作为被考虑与被考虑为由句意可知答案为A√√13〔2011·福建卷〕Id preferto________my judgementuntil Ifind allthe evidenceA showB expressC passD reserve 解析D 本题考查动词辨析根据语境我在找到所有的证据之前宁愿保留自己的判断可知选D14〔2011·安徽卷〕As thestory________the truthabout thestrange figureis slowlydiscovered AbeginsB.happensC endsD develops 解析D 考查动词辨析句意为随着故事的发展关于那个奇怪的人物的真相慢慢地被发现了空白处应填develop表示发展√√15〔2011·辽宁卷〕You areold enoughto________your ownliving A.winB gainC takeD earn 解析D 本题考查动词辨析earn onesliving的意思是自谋生计符合句意你已经足够成熟了应该自谋生计了16〔2011·四川卷〕I often________the wordsI dontknow in the dictionaryor on the InternetA.look upB.look atC.look forD.look into 解析A 本题考查动词短语look up意为在词典参考书等中查找查阅故选AB意为看C意为寻找D意为调查√√17〔2011·天津卷〕She________an oldfriend ofhers yesterdaywhile shewas shoppingat thedepartment storeA.turned downB.dealt withC.took afterD.came across 解析D 考查动词短语辨析come across偶然遇到句意为昨天她在商场购物时偶然遇到了一位老朋友turn down拒绝deal with处理take after长得像都不符合语境18〔2011·江苏卷〕You look upset Whatsthe matterI hadmy proposal________againA turnedoverB turnedonC turnedoffD turned down 解析D 考查动词短语辨析A项意为移交B项意为打开C项意为关闭D项意为拒绝根据句意你看上去很a name=baidusnap0/a悲伤/B出什么事了我的提议又被拒绝了可知选D项√√19〔2011·浙江卷〕The schoolisnt theone Ireally wantedto gotobut Isuppose Illjust haveto________itA.make thebest ofB.get awayfromC.keep aneye onD.catch upwith 解析A 考查动词短语辨析句意为这所学校不是我原本想要读的但我想我不得不好好利用make thebest of表示好好利用get awayfrom表示逃离keep aneye on表示监视关注catch upwith表示赶上跟上√1The newshas________that anearthquake willarrive beforedaybreak A.got outB.got roundC.got upD.got away解析1B 消息传开了地震在天亮之前到来get round在这里的意思消息传开Exercises2Because ofthe poorharvest wheatprices have________in thelast sixmonths A.addedB.jumpedC.raisedD.gathered解析B jump在这里是上升的意思相当于riseAC均有一定干扰性add意思是增添指把某物数加到某物数上raise也有提高的意思但raise是及物动词因此应该用被动语态have beenraised√√3When mygrandpa wasyoung hehad to________several milesa dayto schoolsince hehad nomoney totake abus A.coverB.takeC.getD.make 解析A 语意我爷爷年轻的时候他不得不每天走几英里到学校因为他没有钱乘公共汽车cover意为行走一段路程符合语意4Old memoriesare often________when youhear aparticular songor apiece ofmusic A.called inB.called onC.called outD.called up 解析D 当你听一首特别的歌或一段音乐时旧的回忆经常被勾起来call up意思是征召服役召唤传讯使人想起提出议案等打电话给call on意思是号召呼吁请求约请call in有召集召来招请收回来访等意call out有出动唤起引起大声叫出来等意√√5Thats alovely dressDo youthink soMy auntgave itto mefor mybirthday butI dont________the colorA.interest inB.care forC.please withD.fond of解析B care for在这里是喜欢的意思也可以用be interestedinbe pleasedwith befond of因此其他答案不正确6The folksong concertwas sowell________that allthe ticketshadbeensold outonthefirst dayA.acceptedB.recognizedC.receivedD.promised解析C receive在这里是对作出反应A有一定干扰性accept表示主观接受某物因此不合题意√√7The squareis solarge thathundreds ofcars canpark thereand stillleaves roomto________A.spareB.spendC.storeD.save解析A 句意广场非常大成百上千辆车停在那里还有地方空出来spare在这里是空出抽出时间等spend意思是花费store储存save节省因此A项正确8John________almost allofhisrecords tohis friendsbut hestill hada veryfew leftA.put awayB.set asideC.turned inD.gave away解析D 句意约翰几乎把他所有的唱片都馈赠给了他的朋友们但他还剩一些put away把收拾起来放好set aside搁置一边turn in上交交还give away赠送结合题意此处选用gave away√√9He lookedthrough asmany dailynewspapers ashe couldto________what theysaid abouthis latestbook A.hear ofB.see toC.look upD.find out解析D find out查清弄明白hear of听说see to处理应付lookup查寻单词等参考因此D项正确10The womansskirt wastoo longShe hadto________A.let itoutB.take itinC.let itinD.take itout解析B take in有改小欺骗的意思如This coatneeds tobe takenin abitlet out有释放泄露等意思let in意思让某人进来take out有取走取出的意思因此其他答案不合题意√√11It isrequired thatall trafficparticipants should________the traffic rules to make trafficsafer andfasterA.performB.observeC.supportD.possess 解析B 考查动词词义辨析此处observe thetrafficrules是固定表达意为遵守交通法规据此选B项12We________tomakemistakes whenwe dothings ina hurryAmanageB.tendC.intendD.attempt 解析B 考查动词词义辨析句意当我们匆忙做事的时候我们常常会犯错误manage意为管理成功做tend意为常常倾向于intend意为打算attempt意为企图根据句意选B项√√13For mostAmericans their18th birthday________the endof onepart oftheir lifeand beginningof anotherA.predictsB.tellsC.marksD.signs 解析C 考查动词词义辨析句意对于大多数美国人来说他们的18岁生日标志着一部分生活的结束和另一部分生活的开始此处mark意为标志14The newpolicy will________the eldersa lotthat peopleover65can takebuses freeof chargeA.discountB.supportC.approveD.benefit 解析D 考查动词词义辨析句意新政策规定65岁以上的老人乘公交车免费这将使老人们很受益benefit意为使受益对有用符合语境√√15After________the luggageattherailway stationwe left for theexhibition hallinataxi A.claimingB.demandingC.deserving D.obtaining 解析A 考查动词词义辨析句意在火车站认领过行李后我们乘出租车去了展览大厅此处claim表示认领后三项分别表示要求值得获得都不符合语境16Would youmind repeatingthat I didnt quite________Acatch onB.make upC.find outD.take over 解析A 考查动词短语辨析句意你介意再重复一遍吗我不太明白catch on意为理解明白make up意为组成编造find out意为找出查明take over意为接管根据句意选A项√√17Many childrenare________in thecountryside whentheir parentsflood intothe citiesfor jobsA.left behindB.left offC.left asideD.left out 解析A 考查动词短语辨析句意许多父母涌入城市找工作而把孩子留在乡下leave behind意为把留下符合语境leaveoff意为中断停止做某事leave aside意为搁置一边leave out意为不包括不提及18His firstbaby wasborn soonafter hegot marriedwhich seemedtohave________his senseof responsibilityAbrought downB.brought outC.turneddownD.turned out 解析B 考查动词短语辨析bring out意为使显示出来句意为婚后不久他的第一个孩子就出生了这好像使他的责任感显现了出来bring down意为打垮击败turn down意为调低拒绝turn out意为结果是证明是√√19I believeit isthe onlysolution tothis problemThats debatableIthinkI can________five othersolutionsthat areas goodas thatA.come upwithB.make upwithC.live uptoD.keep upwith 解析A 考查动词短语辨析come upwith意为提出想出make upwith意为和重归于好live upto意为达到符合不辜负keep upwith意为赶上跟上根据题干内容可知A项符合语意即我可以想出五种和那个一样好的解决方法√本身有词义不能单独用作谓语必须跟表语构成系表结构He arrivedlatework swimarrive etc不及物动词后不加宾语He isa teacherHe alwayskept silentat meetingThe planturned outa successbe remainkeep staycontinue standsit lieprove turnout workout seemappear状态类系动词实义动词又可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词He gavemeapresentgive tellsend etc及物动词+宾语实义动词备注例句例词功能及构成分类一动词分类一览表The fishwent badHe becamea doctortwo yearsago Shegrew richwithin ashort timebecome growturn fallget gocome runmake变化类大部分的表示变化类的系动词有进行时态但所有的系动词都没有被动结构This kindof clothfeels verysoft Thisflower smellsvery sweetfeel smellsound tastelook感觉类详见语法专题之情态动词和虚拟语气We cantcarry theheavy boxHe maycome tomorrowWe muststudy hardcancouldmaymightshallshouldwillwouldmust needdare无人称和数的变化表示说话人的情感态度语气命令推测等必须和动词原形连用构成谓语ought除外情态动词He doesntlike EnglishHe didknow thatI havebought acar Doyou likecollege lifeNever willI comebackbe havedo shall和will的各种形式本身没有词义用以帮助构成时态语态否定句疑问句倒装句等结构不可单独使用须与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语助动词二动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词副词或名词的习惯搭配有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异动词短语构成一览表I look forward toseeing yousoonlookforwardto动词副词+介词I agreewith youon thatpointagreewith动词+介词Harry turnedup afterthe partywhen everyonehad leftturn upturn off动词副词例句例词构成Great changesare takingplace inour lifetake place动词名词You shouldmake fulluse ofyour timemake useof动词名词+介词考点一考查助动词的用法助动词有beam isare waswere beenhavehas haddodoes didwillwouldshallshould它们本身没有词义只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语用来表示时态和语态构成否定疑问及加强语气等1助动词beam isare werebeen的用法He isto goto NewYork nextweek表示计划安排或命令be todo sthLook atthe darkclouds Itsgoing torain表示计划或有迹象表明将要发生某事be goingtodosthThe windowwas brokenby Tom构成被动语态be过去分词They arehaving ameeting构成进行时态be现在分词例句用法结构2助动词havehas had的用法What haveyou beendoing thesedays构成完成进行时态have been现在分词Hehasleft forLondon Haveyou seenthe filmHe hadleftforLondon beforeI came构成完成时态have过去分词例句用法结构3助动词dodoes did的用法My mothertold meto goto bedearly SoIdid代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复He didbuy anew caryesterday Dodo somework用于祈使句或陈述句中加强语气do动词原形I do not wanttobecriticized构成实义动词的否定形式donot动词原形Did youstudy German构成一般疑问句do主语动词原形例句用法结构考点二常考的变化类系动词辨析Things willcome rightintheend Hisdream willcome truesooner orlatercome truecome right变成为已知的状态证实为come Thetire wentflat Heoften wenthungry inthe pastgo badgoblindgomad gohungryunreportedunnoticed
①由好到坏或由正常到不常的变化
②保持go例句常用结构用法系动词。