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备战2010中考英语总复习资料代词一知识概要英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别请看下表人称我你他她它我们你们他们 主格iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种请看下表人称我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsoursyourthey名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词可见下表人称我你他她它我们你们他们 反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselfthemselves指示代词主要有thisthatthesethose疑问代词有whowhomwhosewhatwhich还有疑问副词whenhowwherewhy不定代词在初中课本中主要有someany,manymucheachneitherotheranotherallbothonenoneeither…二正误辨析[误]Tomsmotheristallerthanmy.[正]Tomsmotheristallerthanmine.[析]形容词性物主代词可以作定语,也就是讲它可以作形容词,如mybook,而这句话的意思是汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高比较的对象是mymother也就是mine[误]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishthem.[正]Wehavealotofhomeworktodotoday.Soweneedtwoorthreehourstofinishit.[析]在应用代词时,要注意人称,格与数的一致性这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework,所以应用it[误]Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.[正]Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.[析]这主要是英语习惯上的用法当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为youhesheI而复数时为weyou,they:如男女并列时,应先男后女,如Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思,承担责任时,单数时用,Ihesheyou复数时用Theyyou,we如TomandIaregoodfriends.YouheandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.Weyouandtheyhavebeentherebefore.Iheandyouhavetopayforit.[误]Heorhisbrotherisdoingtheirhomework.[正]Heorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.[析]由either…orneither…noror连接两个主语时,如果两主语是单数时,用单数代词,如两主语是复数时,用复数代词,如Eitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldman.如是一单一复两名词时,一般将单数名词放在前,复数名词放在后,要用复数代词,如Theteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.[误]Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.[正]Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.[析]than是连词,其后应视为省略句,thanheis.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.[正]Ilikeyouasmuchasher.[析]as…as其后也应看作是省略句应为asIlikeher.所以应用宾格而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你两句语法都是对的但含义不同[误]Myselfdidityesterday.[正]Imyselfdidityesterday.[正]Ididitmyselfyesterday.[析]反身代词不可作主语,但可以用作主语的同位语[误]Takecareofourselves.[正]Takecareofyourselves.yourself[析]祈使句的主语应看作第二人称you.[误]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyourself.[正]Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.[析]反身代词不能作介词宾语,除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语,如Theoldwomanspoketoherself.[误]Makeyourselfhome.[正]Makeyourselfathome.[析]这是英语中的习惯用法,意为“像在家里一样”这样的用法还有enjoyoneself玩得开心makeyourselfathome像在家中一样helpyourselftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣[误]— Whosthisspeaking.— ThatsMary.[正]— Whosthatspeaking.— ThisisMary.[析]在电话用语中,this指讲话人自己,而that指对方[误]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.[正]Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.[析]在比较句中往往为了避免重复,可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物,如是单数时用that复数时用those,如TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.[误]Itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.[正]Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.[正]Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.[析]在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句,也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句在不可数名词或可数名词复数时,只用such如ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.在manymuchfewlittle这4个词前仅能用so如Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时,则不能用such如:Sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.[误]Iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.[正]Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.[析]same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改这样的用法还有allthesame仍然[误]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Idonthopeso.[正]— Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.— Ihopenot.[析]在作肯定回答时,Ithinkso.Ihopeso.Ibelieveso.但作否定回答时为Idontthinkso.Ihope/believenot.[误]— Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Soshedid.[正]—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Sodidshe.[误]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soisit.[正]—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soitis.[析]在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语,这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句如第一组句,即studiedhard既适用于he也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复,即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句如第二组句子为英语难学答语为是的,难学这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句[误]Everyoneshoulddoonesbest.[正]Everyoneshoulddohisbest.[析]one作代词时,它的复数形式是ones所有格形式是ones,反身代词为oneself.如果讲Oneshoulddoonesbest.则是对句如果one与别的词组成其他词,如someoneanyoneeveryone或onlyone则要用his/her,来作其所有格形式[误]—Whowonthegame—None.[正]—Whowonthegame—Noone.[析]由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是noone而由Howmany提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如HowmanybooksarethereNone.[误]Therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.[正]Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.[正]Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.[析]either作代词时由两个含意,其一是两者中随便哪一个,如Youcantakeeither.其二是两者中的每一个但要注意的是either后要加单数名词,如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式[误]EitheryouorIareright.[正]EitheryouorIamright.[析]在either…or或neither…nor连接两个主语时,其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配[误]Ihavethreesisters.Neitherofthemisadoctor.[正]Ihavethreesisters.Noneofthemisadoctor.[析]neither用于两者中无一是,而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是[误]HedoesntlikeBeijingopera.Idontliketoo.[正]HedoesntlikeBeijingoperaIdontlikeeither.[析]either作为“也”讲时,要用于否定句中,而too则用于肯定句中[误]Welikeboththislittleboy.[正]Webothlikethislittleboy.[析]both作同位语时,它在句中的位置有在be动词之后,如Wearebothstudents.在实意动词之前,如Theparentsbothwanttogotothecinema.用于第一助动词之后,如WehavebothreadtheseEnglishnovels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意Bothofusarenotright.应译为我们俩不都对Neitherofusisright.才应译为我俩都不对又如Icantgiveyoubothofthebooks.意为两本书我不能全给你,而Icantgiveyoueitherofthebooks.才为两本书我全不能给你[误]Weeachhasaticketfortheconcert.[正]Weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.[析]each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式,如EachofuswantstolearnEnglishwell,但each作同位语时,则应以原名词的数为准[误]Everyofushastopasstheexam.[正]Eachofushastopasstheexam.[析]every只可作形容词,不可作代词,而each既可作形容词,又可作代词,在作形容词时each侧重强调个体,而every则侧重于全体[误]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.[正]Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.[析]everyone不可与of结构相连接使用,而everyone则可以这样用[误]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.[正]IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.[析]要注意的是everyday是“每天”,而everyday则是形容词为“日常的”如everydayEnglish日常英语,everydaylife日常生活[误]Therearetreesoneverysidesofthestreet.[正]Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.[析]every用于三者或三者以上的每一个,而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个因为街道只有两侧,所以只能用each而不能用every.[误]Allmyparentsareengineers.[正]Bothmyparentsareengineers.[析]all用于三者或三者以上的全部,而both则用于两者的全部[误]Allofstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.[正]Allofthestudentsmightmakesomemistakes.[正]Allstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.[析]非特指的名词前可用all但不可用allof结构,也就是讲allof结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词其他与all有关的习惯用法还有alltheyearroundallweekalldayallwinter[误]Theallvillagewasflooded.[正]Allthevillagewasflooded.[析]all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前[误]Thepostofficeisonothersideofthestreet.[正]Thepostofficeisontheothersideofthestreet.[析]单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another而特指时则要用theother因街道只有两边,而不在这边必定是在另一边,所以要用特指请参考下表的用法以便于记忆 单数复数泛指another形容词作定语作名词another代词otherothers特指theother形容词theother代词theothertheothers[误]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheothersstudents[正]Therearetenstudentshere.Wherearetheothers[正]TherearetenstudentshereWherearetheotherstudents[析]theothers=theotherstudents.[误]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacheranotherisadoctor.[正]Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateachertheotherisadoctor.[析]another用于泛指,如IsitfarfromheretothestationImsorry.Ihavenoidea.Onemaysayitisquitenear;anothermaysayitisfarfromhere.但在特指时则要用theother.它可以用作定语,theotherone也可以用作代词theother但theother用作代词时它的含意一定是单数如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时,则要用one…another…theother.或者one…asecond…thethird…[误]Somepeoplelikesports.Theotherslikereading.[正]Somepeoplelikesports.Otherslikereading.[析]在泛指的复数名词前用some…others…others…来表示某些人……某些人……某些人……[误]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseachotherday.[正]Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseveryotherday.[析]everyotherday为每隔一天是习惯用法,不要随意改动又如ontheotherhand另一方面[误]Manyknowhim,butfewlikeshim.[正]Manyknowhimbutfewlikehim.[析]few用于可数名词,意为几乎没有,但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式,而afew为有一些[误]Youhavefewfriendshaventyou[正]Youhavefewfriendshaveyou[析]little与few用于句中时,均要按否定句看待[误]Muchofwhatyousaidaretrue.[正]Muchofwhatyousaidistrue.[析]much用于不可数名词,作主语时用单数谓语动词而many用于可数名词,它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词[误]Thisroomisenoughlargeforthestudentstolivein.[正]Thisroomislargeenoughforthestudentstolivein.[析]enough可以用作代词,如Thereisenoughofthefood.又如Enoughhasbeendoneforthework,但enough还可以作形容词来修饰名词,这时enough可以放在名词之前,也可放在名词之后,如moneyenough与enoughmoney都是对的但当enough作副词修饰形容词时,则只能置于形容词之后了[误]Iwantanybookstoread.Doyouhaveany[正]Iwantsomebookstoread.Doyouhaveany[析]按照语法any用于疑问句和否定句,而some用于肯定句[误]Wouldyoulikeanythingtodrink[正]Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink[析]在由wouldyoulike发出的问句中,表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料,或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时,在疑问句中要用some而不用any[误]Someonewanttomeetyou.[正]Someonewantstomeetyou.[析]不定代词应被看作单数,即使用and连接两个不定代词,也要看作单数,如Anyoneandeveryonehastheright.任何人,每一个人都有这样的权力[误]NewYorkismuchcolderinwinterthanbefore.[正]ItismuchcolderinNewYorkinwinterthanbefore.[析]it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象,或用在句中作形式主语或宾语,如Itistenoclocknow.代时间Itisfarfromheretotheairport.代距离Itisveryhot.代天气ItisverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell.作形式主语Wefounditverydifficulttoanswerthequestion.作形式宾语[误]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomany.[正]Becareful.Dontdrinktoomuch.[析]这里much所代的应是饮料或水,所以应为不可数名词三例题解析1Theseare___books.Yoursareoverthere.AIBmyCmeDmine[答案]B.[析]这里应用形容词性物主代词2—___isshe—Sheisateacher.AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere[答案]A.[析]这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立,但其意义不同Whatisshe应译为“她的工作是什么”或“她是做什么的”而Howisshe应译为“她身体如何”而Whoisshe应译为“她是谁”其答语应为“她叫什么名字”而Whereisshe应为“她在什么地方”由答语决定了这道题的选择3___iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped___.ASomethingworkingBSomethingtoworkCAnythingworkingDAnythingtowork[答案]A.[析]因为是肯定句所以应用Something其后由于表停止工作了,则stop后要用动名词4Maryhelp___tothebananasplease.AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves[答案]C.[析]helponeselftosomething为“自己拿某物”yourself为“你一个人”,而yourselves为“你们”5—___doyougotoschooleveryday—Bybus.AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere[答案]A.[析]这题的答案是由问句决定的6Myskirtis___popularthan___.AmuchherBmuchhersCmoreherDmorehers[答案]D.[析]因句中有than所以应选用比较级,而than后要选用名词性物主代词7—CanyouspeakEnglish—Yesbutonly___.AfewBafewClittleDalittle[答案]D.[析]因会讲某种语言的多少要用alittle把它看作不可数名词对待,此答语为是的,但仅仅会讲一点8Mr. Smithisanoldfriendof___.AIBmeCmyDmine[答案]D.[析]这里应选名词性物主代词,这也是英语的一种习惯用法,而不要选择my9“___doyouhearfromyourparents”“Aboutonceamonth.”AHowlongBHowmanyCHowoftenDHowmuch[答案]C.[析]Howoften问的是某一动作发生的频率,即在单位时间内发生多少次10Mr.Greenwouldntsay___atthemeeting.AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething[答案]C.[析]在否定句中应用anything11“MumAnnscomingtonight.Letsgiveher___toeat.”“Goodidea!”AanythingniceBniceanythingCsomethingniceDnicesomething[答案]C.[析]肯定句中用something而不用anything不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面12—Whenshallwemeetthiseveningortomorrowevening—Idontmind.___timeisOK.ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth[答案]C.[析]因如选用both则名词要用复数名词,也要用复数谓语动词,由于答语前有Idontmind则决定不能选择neither.13Thisisnotherkite but___.AhesBhimCheDhis[答案]D.[析]要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的14DontworryMum!___newsisgoodnews.Imsuredaddywillcomebacksoon.ANoBManyCThoseDTwo[答案]A.[析]这是一条谚语,即没有消息就是好消息15Maryhassixapples.Herbrotherhasthree.Shehas___applesthanhe.AfewBmanyCmoreDfewer[答案]C.[析]由于是比较级,根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”16Thereisnt___intodaysnewspaper.AanythinginterestingBsomethinginterestingCnothinginterestingDinterestinganything[答案]A.[析]由于句子是否定句,应选择anything,而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面17September10this___DayATeacherBTeachersCTeachersDTeachers[答案]D.[析]教师节TeachersDay儿童节ChildrensDay妇女节WomensDay18—InEnglandpeopleeatalotof“takeaway”food.Whataboutpeopleinyourcountry—___ASowedo.BWedoso.CSodowe.DWesodo.[答案]C.[析]在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时,则要采用倒装句,但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装19—Shallwegointothatshopandhavealook—Sorry.Iwont.Ihave___todothere.AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing[答案]D.[析]这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定20—Ohdear!Whobroketheglass—___Sam___Bruce.Itwasthecat.ABothandBNotbutCNeithernorDEitheror[答案]C.[析]neither…nor意为既不……也不……21Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.___areclimbingthehill.AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother[答案]A.[析]这里因为是代替复数名词,所以应用名词性的复数代名词22Sheisnotanurse.Imnot___.AalsoBeitherCneitherDtoo[答案]B.[析]在否定句中该用either而不用too和also.23Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred___isblue.AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers[答案]A.[析]两者中的另一个应为特指而且应为单数形式的代名词而another是泛指单数代名词others是泛指复数代名词,而theothers是特指复数代名词24SorryIcantansweryourquestion.Iknow___aboutthesubject.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew[答案]A.[析]中文讲我对此知道的不多,而英文中要用little其含意为否定句25Mysisterdoesntlikeskating___.ASodoIBSoIdontCNeitherIdontDNeitherdoI[答案]D.[析]这是表达上面否定句中的动作,也同样不适合于第二个人所以要用neither并要采用倒装句26Yesterdaymorningtherewereonlythreeboysinourroom___.AyouheandIBIyouandheCheIandyouDyouIandhe[答案]A.[析]这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题请参看辨析中的例子27Allthestudentsarebusyso___ofthemwillgototheconcert.AmanyBlittleCafewDfew[答案]D.[析]student为可数名词28Theteachergave___studentanewbook.AnobodyBbothCeachDany[答案]C.[析]both其后的名词应为复数,而any用于疑问句和否定句中只有each可以修饰单数可数名词29Blackisneitherateacher___aworker.AorBeitherCnorDand[答案]C.[析]neither…nor为“既不……也不……”的固定搭配30Ourteachergaveus___onstudying.AmanyadvicesBsomeadvicesCanadviceDsomeadvice[答案]D.[析]advice为不可数名词some可用于可数或不可数名词之前31Therearetwoforeignfriendsinthepark.One___isfromJapanisfromAmerica.AotherBothersCtheotherDtheothers[答案]C.[析]因为是两者中的一个,所以另一个应用单数特指代词32Arethere___onthetableAsomecupsBanycupCsomecupDanycups[答案]D.[析]此句是疑问句,应用anycups因提问时的be动词用的是are33Ivejustboughtfivestamps.OneisaGermanstamp___areAmericanstamps.AtheotherBtheothersCotherDothers[答案]B.[析]此空应填入主语又因其范围已定,所以应选特指的代名词theother只能用作单数,而others是泛指复数代名词,故只能选B34Itwas___finedaythattheywenttothepark.AasoBsoaCsuchaDasuch[答案]C.[析]在单数可数名词前可以有两种表达法,即such+不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单数形式,如suchagoodday,或者用so加形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数,如sogoodaday.35Atthattimethetrainwasslowandnoisy.So___peoplelikedtakingtrains.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew[答案]C.[析]这是英文的表达法与中文不同之处中文讲只有少数人喜欢坐火车,英文要选用“few”36Wemusthelpandunderstandeach___.AotherBanotherCothersDtheother[答案]A.[析]eachother意为“互相”,是习惯用语37___isdifficulttowalkonthemoon.AManBOneCThatDIt[答案]D.[析]这里的真正主语应为不定式towalkonthemoon.而形式主语只能用it.38Janehassentseverallettersbut___ofthemhavebeenanswered.AallBbothCeitherDnone[答案]D.[析]severalletters意为“若干信件”,应看作多于两者,则在A、D中作选择,仅D符合句意39Idontknow___aboutthenewheadmaster.AsomethingBeverythingCnothingDanything[答案]D.[析]否定句中应用anything.40___ofthestudentsinthewholeclasscoulddothisphysicsquestion.ANoBNoneCNotDNeither[答案]B.。