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并列句CompoundSentence在并列句中,一般有两个或两个以上的互不依从的主谓结构每个分句意义同等重要,联系密切,无从属关系通常的并列连词,根据所连接的上下文的逻辑关系,可以分为以下几类1)表示增补关系的并列连词andthenboth…andneither…nornotonly…butalsoaswellas例如JimisgoodatEnglishandTomisgoodatEnglishtoo.NotonlyJimbutalsoTomisgoodatEnglish.JimisgoodatEnglishaswellasTom.BothJimandTomaregoodatEnglish.2表示选择关系的并列连词ororelseotherwiseeither…orwhether…or例如Wemuststudyhardotherwiseorwewon’tgotocollege.我们得努力,否则就上不了大学3表示转折关系的并列连词butwhilehowever例如Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblemwhiletheythemselvescouldn’t.他们很奇怪一个孩子能解决这个问题而他们自己却不能4表示因果关系的并列连词sotherefore例如ItisveryhotoutsidesoIdon’twanttogoout.外面太热,所以我不想出去小试牛刀neither…norandeither…ororsobutthen
1.Ihatesmoking_____Idon’tlikedrinkingeither.
2.Becareful_____youwillfalloffthebike.
3.Ilikechocolate_______itisbadforteeth.
4.______Saturday______SundayisOK.I’llbefreeinthesetwodays.
5.Iwantedtoknowtheanswer_______Iwenttoaskhim.
6.Hehadadrink_______wenttobed.
7.Inspringitis_____hot_____coldhere.状语从句(AdverbialClause)1)地点状语从句:例如Wherethereisawillthereisaway.有志者,事竟成Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas..你应该把书放回原处2时间状语从句whenassoonasafterwhileuntilthefirsttimeetc.例如Assoonashefinishestheworkhewillcometoseeme.他一完成工作就来看完ThefirsttimeImethimhewasreadingabook.第一次遇到他的时候,他正在看书3原因状语从句(sincebecauseasetc.)例如Sinceheisverybusywehadbetterleavehimalone.因为他很忙,我们最好让他一个人呆着4结果状语从句so…thatsuch…thatsothatetc.例如Heissuchayoungboythathecan’tgotoschool.Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.Theboyisveryyoungsothathecan’tgotoschool.他太小还不能上学5目的状语从句sothat/inorderthat例如Youmustgetupearliersothat/inorderthatyoucancatchthefirstbus.你得早点起床以便赶上头班车6方式状语从句asjustas…so…asifasthoughtheway例如DojustasIsayandsitdown.照我说的做然后坐下.Heactsasthoughnooneexisted.他自行其是好像没人在场一样.PleasepronouncethewordthewayIdo.请照我这样读这个单词.7条件状语从语ifunlessas/solongasincaseonconditionthatetc.例如Let’sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.除非你太累了要不然我们出去散散步Youcanusethebicycleonconditionthatyoureturnittomorrow.只要你明天归还自行车你可以拿去用8让步状语从句althoughthoughhoweverwhateverwhoeverwhomeverwhicheverwheneverwherevernomatterwhowhatwherewhenetc(无论…)evenifeventhough例如Although/Thoughheisachildheknowsalot.尽管他是个小孩,却知道很多9比较状语从句(as...as,than,notas/so...as,themore...themore)例如Theworkisnotsodifficultasyouimagine.这工作不像你想像的那么困难It’seasierthanIthought.比我想的容易些Themoreyoustudythemoreknowledgeyoucanget.你学的知识越多,你的知识越丰富宾语从句Objectiveclause*定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.*学习宾语从句三要素连接词语序时态
一、宾语从句的连接词从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that;if;whether.that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.例如HebelievesthathecanimprovehisEnglishbyworkinghard.他相信通过努力他能够提高英语Idon’tknowif/whetherIcanimprovemyEnglishbyworkinghard.我不知道通过努力我是否能提高英语连接代词连接代词一般指疑问.主要有whowhomwhosewhatwhoeverwhomeverwhoseverwhateverwhichever等.例如Idon’tknowwhatyoudidlastnight.我不知道你昨晚干了什么Idon’tcarewhotheycanbelieve.他们相信谁我不管连接副词连接副词主要有whenwherewhyhowwheneverwhereverhowever等.例如Themapwillshowyouwheretheschoolis.这地图会告诉你这所学校在哪里.Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
二、宾语从句的时态1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态所以,宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况而定例如ShesaysthatsheworksfromMondaytoFriday.她说她从周一至周五上班Shesaysthatshewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条ShesaysthatshehasneverbeentoMountEmei.她说她从来没有去过峨嵋山2)当主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时的时候,其宾语从句的时态一般要用一适当的过去时态例如Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterday.他说昨天没有课Hesaidthathewasgoingtolookafterthebaby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿Hesaidthattheywerehavingameetingthen.他说他们那时正在开会注意但是当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时例如Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.他说光比声音传播得快
三、宾语从句的语序
1.宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主+谓语+其它成分”特别强调它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构Canyoutellmewhenwillthemeetingstart╳Canyoutellmewhenthemeetingwillstart√例题
1.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
2.Idon’tknow______________________.A.wherehecomesB.wherecomesheC.WheredoeshecomeD.Wherehedoescome
2.主句的谓语动词是thinkbelieveimaginesupposeconsiderexpectguess等并且主句的主语是第一人称从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来.例如我认为他不会来我的舞会.Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.╳Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.√
3.如果主句是第一人称I或we时,变反意疑问句时看从句如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句例如Ithinkheisagoodstudentisn’the?Theywanttoknowifheisagoodstudentdon’tthey?例题1Idon’tthinkheisright__________A.isn’theB.isheC.doID.don’tI2Hebelievessheisright__________A.doesn’theB.doesheC.issheD.isn’tshe3Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball__________A.didn’theB.didheC.didID.didn’tI*宾语从句的种类宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句介词的宾语从句形容词的宾语从句.
一、动词的宾语从句大多数动词都可以带宾语从句如say、tell、think、know、see、hear、hope、guess、find、feel等例如Weallexpectthatourclasswillsucceedforthestudentsareallveryhard-working.我们都估计我们班会成功因为同学们都很努力.Hetoldusthathewasveryexcitedwhenhemetoneofhisfriendsinthecanteen.他告诉我们当他在食堂遇到一个朋友时非常兴奋.
二、动词短语也可以带宾语从句例如Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗
三、可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词findfeelconsidermakebelieve等后面有宾语补足语的时候则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.例如Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakenotesinclass.我认为课堂上记笔记是必要的.IfeelitapitythatImissedthechance.我错过这机会感觉非常遗憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天写日记成了习惯.例题Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.thisC.thatD.what
四、介词的宾语从句例如Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
五、形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:surecertaingladpleasehappysorryafraidsatisfiedsurprised例如Shewaspleasedthatshepassedtheexam.她通过了考试很高兴.IamsorrythatIsteppedonyourfoot.很抱歉我踩你的脚了.HewassurprisedthatMarywenttoseehimwhenhewasill.他很奇怪在他生病的时候Mary能去看望他.宾语从句练习题
1.Idontknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomesIlltellyou.A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
2.Idontknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhellcome
3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalisA.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelpA.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________nowA.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Ithink______adutyformethatIshouldhelpothers.A.thatB.thisC.whatD.it
8.MyfatherthoughtMarywaswrong_________A.didn’theB.wasn’theC.didn’tsheD.wasn’tshe
9.Thesmallchildrendontknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings
10.Icantunderstand_________.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans
11.Histeacher______he______brightand______hewasworthteaching.A.didn’tthink;was;thatB.thought;was;whetherC.didn’tthink;was;D.thought;wasn´t;
12.Pleasetellme______lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked
13.
13.Ilike________intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.A.thisB.thatC.itD.one
14.Idontbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirworkyet________A.havetheyB.have’ttheyC.doID.dont’tI
15.Iwanttoknow_______it’sgoodnewsornot.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how宾语从句答案1—5DDDCD6—10ADDBD11-15ADCAA状语从句专项练习题1Themeetingdidntstart___everyonewasthere.A.becauseB.untilC.whyD.if2Theboy___tobed___hismothercamein.A.wentnot;untilB.didntgo;afterC.went;untilD.didntgo;until3Iwontbelieveyou___Ihaveseenitwithmyowneyes.A.beforeB.untilC.afterD.when4Theydidntstartthework___theirteachercameback.A.untilB.whileC.assoonasD.if
5.I___himsinceIbegantoliveinthecity.A.knowB.haveknownC.knewD.willknow
6.Bettydidntgotoseethefilmyesterday___shewasill.A.becauseB.butC.untilD.if
7.MayIsitnearer___IcanseemoreclearlyA.asifB.sothatC.evenifD.so
8.___youworkhardyouwillcertainlysucceed.A.ThoughB.IfC.BecauseD.For
9.___hecametostudyintheschoolhehasmademuchprogressinthestudyofEnglish.A.WhileB.WhenC.SinceD.After
10.Idliketogoswimming_____thewaterisnottoocold.A.forB.unlessC.ifD.whether
11.Thereare___manyleaguemembersinclass2___inClass
4.A.both;andB.so;thatC.either;orD.as;as
12.Suzhouisnot____beautiful____Hangzhou.A.as;thanB.so;asC.even;thanD./;than
13.Iwanttoknow___sheisgoingtoseeafilm.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.which
14.Youaresuretopasstheexam___youstudyhard.A.ifB.thoughC.thatD.since
15.Illgotoseethefilmwithyou___Ihavetimethisevening.A.whetherB.soC.ifD.when
16.___youstudyharderyoullneverpassthefinalexam.A.IfB.UntilC.UnlessD.Except
17.Althoughitwasraining________stillworkedinthefields.A.buttheyB.andtheyC.theyD.andyetthey
18.___therewereonlyfivesoldiersleftatthefront___theywentonfighting.A.Because;soB.If;andC.Though;butD.Though;/
19.___sheisveryold___shecanstillworkeighthoursaday.A.Because;soB.Though;butC.As;yetD.Though;yet
20.Liftitup___Imayseeit.A.thoughB.sothatC.asD.than状语从句答案1-5BDBAB6-10ABBCC11-15DBAAC16-20CCDDB。