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高考状语从句考点复习一状语从句高考的考查特点
1.试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点不同性质的连词;定语从句和名词性从句的干扰
2.题干句的情景化增强句意理解难度提高二能力要求
1.了解状语从句的分类情况及各种状语从句中经常使用的连词
2.能够在真实的语境中判定从句与主句的逻辑关系从而能够使用恰当的连词完成交际.
3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连词的用法区别.三 状语从句的定义、功能、分类定义在复合句中作状语的从句功能状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词,形容词或副词,或整个主句分类按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句从句的位置放在句首,也可放在句末放在句首时,从句后面常用一个逗号,放在句末时,从句前一般不用逗号▲常见考点考点
一、主句与从句的时态呼应问题;考点
二、连接词的选择(注意区别几组连接词while / as / when引导时间状语从句;because / since / as / for引导原因状语从句;if / unless引导条件状语从句;so…that / such…that引导结果状语从句等);考点
三、状语从句与非谓语动词之间的替换;考点
四、状语从句的倒装结构(hardly / scarcely…when;no sooner…than等)考点
五、根据从句与主句的逻辑关系选用从属连词;
2.根据从属连词的词义★
四、分类状语从句按其作用可分为九类1.时间状语从句常见的从属连词有注意其汉语意义whenwhileasbeforeaftersinceuntiltillonceassoonasthemomenttheminuteimmediatelydirectlyeach/everytimethefirsttimethelasttimenexttimebythetimewhenever等例如Every/EachtimeIwasintroublehewouldcometomyhelp.IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.注意
(1)whenwhileas的区别1when引导从句时,主从句的动作有先有后,也可以同时进行从句的动作可以是持续性的,也可以是短暂的如WhenIgottotheairporttheplanehadalreadytakenoff.(主先从后)(短暂性)WhenIlivedthereIusedtogototheseasideonSundays.同时(持续性)Whenthemovieendedthepeoplewentback.(从先主后)2while侧重主从句动作的对比,且从句的动词必须是持续性的如Whilewewerechattingshewaslookingatthetimetableonthewall.3as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的,也可以是短暂的如SometimesIwatchTVasIamhavingbreakfast.4)when和while还可以是并列连词,意分别为“就在这时”,“然而”eg.Iwashavingarestonthesofawhenthetelephonerang.Theyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblemwhiletheycouldn’t.注并列连词when常用与以下句型中
①…was/weredoing…when…(正在做…突然)
②…was/wereabouttodo…when…(刚要做…突然)
③…was/wereonthepointofdoing…when…刚要做…突然
④…hadjustdone…when….刚一…就
⑤Hardly/Scarcelyhad…done…when…刚一…就2before引导从句时词义非常灵活,注意下列句子中的before的词义
①.BeforeIcouldgetinawordthetailorhadmeasuredme.还没来得及就
②Wehadn’trunamilebeforehefelttired.还没…就
③.Wehadsailed4daysbeforewesawland.…才…
④.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.趁还…没就3tilluntil和not…tilluntiltilluntil:主句谓语动词必须是持续性的,意思是“到…为止“如Heremainedtheretill/untilshearrived.not…tilluntil…:主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的,意思是“直到…才”如Shewon’tgotobedtill/untilhereturnshome.not…until还有强调式和倒装式强调句Itisnotuntilhereturnshomethatshewillgotobed.倒装句Notuntilhereturnshomewillshegotobed.4几个极易混淆的时间状语从句Itwas+时间点+when…(当的时候时间是)Itwas5amwhenwearrivedatthevillage.Itwas/willbe+时间段+before…没过…就/过了…才Itwas/willbetwoweeksbeforewemet/meetagain.Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…(自从…以来有…)Itis/hasbeen3yearssincewelastmet.突破点一看be动词的时态,二看时间段还是时间点注意在“Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since…”句型中,从句的动词必须是短暂性的,如果是延续性的动词,时间要从从句的动作结束时算起如Itis3yearssinceIsmoked.我戒烟有三年了2.条件状语从句 常见的从属连词有ifunlessas/solongasas/sofarasonconditionthatincase万一themore…themore…等如As/SofarasIcanseeamconcerneditwillbeimpossibleforthemtofinishthetask.Themorebooksyoureadthehappieryouwillfeel.前面为从句3.原因状语从句 常见的从属连词有becausesincenowthatas等注意becausesinceas的区别1)why的语气最强,它引导的从句比主句更重要,从句的位置可前可后;例外回答why的问句必须使用because如-Whywereyouabsentfromthemeetingyesterday-BecauseIwasill.2since和nowthat意为“既然”,语气仅次于because从句的位置一般在前面Sinceeverybodyisherelet’sbeginourmeeting.3as的语气比since更弱,意思是“由于”,从句的位置可前可后如Asyoudidn’tturnupatyesterday’sget-togetherwemissedyouverymuch.4)*for也有“因为”之意,但for是并列连词常用来来补充说明原因或用来表示推断的依据,前面常带逗号如Itmusthaverainedlastnightforthegroundiswet.4.让步状语从句 常见的从属连词有thoughalthoughasevenif/thoughnomatterwh-,wh-everwhether…or…等如Howeverlate/Nomatterhowlateheishisfamilywillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.Childasheisheknowsalot.as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装WhetheritisfineornotIwillgoboating.5.地点状语从句 常见的从属连词有*wherewherever等如Putthebookwhereitis.6.比较状语从句 常见的从属连词有*as…as*notsoas…as*than等注意1在表达倍数时,可用三种句型1A…+倍数+比较级+thanB如Thisbuildingistwicetallerthanthatone.2A…+倍数+as原级as+B如Thisbuildingisthreetimesastallasthatone.3A…+倍数+thesizeheightweightlengthetc.+ofB如Thisbuildingisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.2三种句型变式
①倍数+more+名词+than
②倍数+asmany/much+名词+asAmericanseatmorethantwiceasmanyvegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin
1910.ItisreportedthattheUnitedStatesusestwiceasmuchenergyasthewholeofEurope.7.方式状语从句 常见的从属连词有asasif/though等.注意asif/though引导的从句常用虚拟语气,表示非真实情况.Hetalksaboutthemoonasifhehadbeenthere.从句动作先发生Shetreatedtheboyasifhewere/washerownchild.主从句动作同时发生8.目的状语从句 常见的从属连词有sothatthatinorderthat,incase以免forfearthat,lest(以免)等如Moststudentsgotocollegesothattheycanbeengineersteachersorchemists.注意从句中的情态动词cancouldmaymight等提示为目的状语从句.9.结果状语从句 常见的从属连词有so…thatsuch…thatsothat等如Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn’tsupporthisfamily.Itissuchfineweatherthatweallwanttogotothepark..Tomstudiedveryhardsothathepassedtheexam.
五、用法灵活的aswhenwhile引导的状语从句
1.as可以引导时间、原因、让步、比较和方式等5种状语从句
2.when可以引导时间、条件和原因等3种状语从句Howcanweexplainittoyouwhen=ifyouwontlisten.Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalktherein5minutes
3.while可以引导时间、让步、条件和原因等4种状语从句While=ThoughIlikethecolorofthehatIdon’tlikeitsshape.While=Aslongasthereislifethereishope.--I’mgoingtothepostoffice.–While=Sinceyouaretherecanyougetmesomestamps
六、状语从句的省略——当时间、条件、让步、方式和比较状语从句的主语与主句一致或为it或there且谓语动词含be动词时,从句中的主语和谓语可以一起省去如Don’tspeakuntilspokento.省略了youareIhavenomoney.IfanyIwilllendyousome.省略了thereisThoughcoldhestillworeashirt.省略了itwasSomeflowersshutupatnightasiftosleep.省略了theywere
七、状语从句与定语从句的转换1Makemarkswhereyouhavequestions.地点状语从句→Makemarksattheplaceswhereyouhavequestions.定语从句2Itissuchanadvancedtheorythatfewpeopleunderstandit.结果状语从句→Itissuchanadvancedtheoryasfewpeopleunderstand.定语从句巩固练习1__________hisideawasacceptedbyallthepeopleatthemeeting.2007重庆A.StrangeasmightitsoundB.B.AsitmightsoundstrangeC.AsstrangeitmightsoundD.Strangeasitmightsound
2.____tomorrowourshipwillsetsailforMacao.2007上海春A.HowevertheweatherislikeB.HoweveristheweatherlikeC.WhateveristheweatherlikeD.Whatevertheweatherislike
3.____________hetalksalotabouthisfavouritesingersafterclass.2005重庆A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent
4.________hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledgetheoldworkerhasalotofexperience.2006全国1A.SinceB.UnlessC.AsD.Although
5._________Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.2004上海春A.HoweverthestoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing6---IhearJohnsonwasbadlyinjuredintheaccident.---____let’sgoandseehim.A.What’smoreB.IfsoC.WherepossibleD.Whennecessary7Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundunless____todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.A.havingbeenmadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.youmake8Carefulsurveyshaveindicatedthatasmanyas50percentpatientsdonottakedrugs____directed.A.likeB.soC.whichD.as答案DDBDCBCD。