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一.概念语气有三种:陈述语气祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.二.相关知识点精讲
1.辨别if引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别Ifhehastimehewillgowithus.=Probablyhehastimeandwillgowithus.Ifhehadtimehewouldgowithus.=Butinfacthehasnotime.
2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表if条件句中的谓与动词主句的谓与动词与现在的事实相反
1.行为动词用did形式
2.be动词用wereshouldwouldcould+动词原形might与过去的事实相反had+doneshouldwouldcould+have+donemight与将来的事实相反
1.行为动词用did
2.should+动词原形
3.wereto+动词原形shouldwouldcould+动词原形might
3.混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生,主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整10IfIhadreceivedthepassportyesterdayIwouldstarttoday.2IfhehadtelephonedmelastnightIwouldseehimnow.3Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvicehewouldbeallrightnow.4IfChinahadnotbeenliberatedtheworkingpeoplewouldstillbeleadingamiserablelife.
4.should/could/might/oughtto+havedone表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”needn’thavedone表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”
5.虚拟语气中的倒装句如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有werehadcouldshould,有时可将if省去,而将条件从句的主语置于werehadshouldcould之后Hadyouinviteduswewouldhavecometoyourparty.WereIyouIwoulddomorepracticeafterclass.Couldshelendusahelpinghandshewoulddoso.
6.wish后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气,表示“可惜…;….就好了;悔不该…;但愿…”主句谓语从句谓语wish时态谓语动词的形式现在时表示与wish同时发生动词用过去时be动词用were过去时表示在wish之前发生的动作动词用haddonebe用hadbeen将来时表示在wish之后发生的动作动词用woulddo;shoulddobe用wouldbe;shouldbe1IwishIknewthekeytotheanswer.2IwishIweretenyearsyounger.3IwishthatIhadgonetothefootballmatchlastweek.4Iwishthatyouhadbeenhereyesterday.5Hewishesthatwewouldvisittheoldschool.
7.表示命令或建议动词suggestinsistproposedesiredemandrequestordercommand后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟should+动词原形;should不可用would来替代;主句所使用的动词时态不限
8.suggest为“建议去做…;命令…”从句用should+do为“说明;暗示”从句用过去时或过去完成时1ThedoctorsuggestedthatIshouldtakethemedicinethreetimesaday.2Thedoctorsuggestedthatmygrandmotherhadcaughtabadcold.
9.insist“坚持要去做…,坚持应该去做”,从句用should+do为“坚持表明,坚持说/解释”,从句用过去时或过去完成时
10.虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中,表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句的主语通常是suggestionproposalrequestorderidea等表语从句中的谓语动词是should+动词原型,should可以省略
11.在主语从句中,当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等,从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式其谓语动词时should+动词原型,或should省略三.巩固练习
1.IftherewerenosubjunctivemoodEnglish_________mucheasier.A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe
2.IfI_____youI’djointhearmy.A.amB.wasC.wereD.wouldbe
3.Ifhe_______tomorrowhewouldfindMrWangintheoffice.A.comesB.willcomeC.shouldcomeD.come
4.Ifit_______nextweekthecropswouldbesaved.A.rainsB.willrainsC.wouldrainD.shouldrain
5.IfI_______itIwoulddoitinadifferentway.A.weretodoB.doC.haddoneD.wastodo
6.Supposingtheweather________badwherewouldyougoA.isB.willbeC.wereD.be
7.Ifhehadworkedharderhe_________.A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceeded
8.Ifhe________he_________thatfood.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
9.Ifmylawyer_________herelastSaturdayhe_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented
10.Ifhe______ithe_______it.A.hadseen;couldhavebelievedB.saw;couldn’tbelieveC.saw;couldn’thavebelievedD.hasseen;hadbelieved
11.—Doyouthinkthethiefenteredthroughthewindow—NoifhehadIdon’tbelieve_______brokentheliving-room’swindow.A.hewouldhaveB.hemusthaveC.hehadD.shouldhehave
12.—DidyougoswimminglastSunday —No.Wewouldhavegone______nicer.A.iftheweatherwasB.wouldtheweatherhavebeenC.hadtheweatherbeenD.shouldtheweatherbe
13.______it______foryourhelpIcouldn’thavemadeanyprogress.A.Had;notbeenB.Should;notbeenC.Did;notbeenD.Not;been
14._______todayhewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldhaveleftB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves
15.Itisorderedthatanewbridge______overthewideriver.A.shouldbebuiltB.wouldbuiltC.willbebuiltD.built四.答案
1.D
2.C
3.C
4.D
5.A
6.C
7.D
8.B
9.A
10.A
11.D
12.C
13.A
14.C
15.A选校网www.xuanxiao.com高考频道专业大全历年分数线上万张大学图片大学视频院校库选校网www.xuanxiao.com高考频道专业大全历年分数线上万张大学图片大学视频院校库按ctrl点击打开一.概念:动词的语态是动词的一种形式表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系.英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态用于主动句表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同而被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成有人称数时态的变化.
1.相关知识点精讲
1.let的用法 1)当let后只有一个单音节动词,变被动语态时,可用不带to的不定式例如Theyletthestrangego.他们放陌生人走了---Thestrangewasletgo. 2)当let后宾补较长时,let通常不用被动语态,而用allow或permit代替例如 Thenurseletmegotoseemyclassmateinthehospital.那护士让我去探望住院的同学 ----Iwasallowed/permittedtoseemyclassmateinthehospital.
2.短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词例如 MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.我妹妹由奶奶照顾 Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.这样的事闻所未闻
3.表示据说或相信的词组,基本上由believeconsiderdeclareexpectfeelreportsayseesupposethinkunderstand等组成例如 Itissaidthat… 据说 Itisreportedthat…据报道 Itisbelievedthat… 大家相信 Itishopedthat… 大家希望Itiswellknownthat…众所周知 Itisthoughtthat… 大家认为Itissuggestedthat… 据建议 Itistakengrantedthat… 被视为当然 Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家决定 Itmustberememberthat…务必记住的是
4.不用被动语态的情况 1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语,如appeardiedisappearend(vi.结束)failhappenlastlieremainsitspreadstandbreakoutcometruefallasleepkeepsilencelosehearttakeplace等没有无被动语态例如 Afterthefireverylittleremainedofmyhouse.大火过后,我家烧得所剩无几 比较risefallhappen是不及物动词;raiseseat是及物动词 要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累 2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语,如fithaveholdmarryownwishcostnoticewatchagreewitharriveat/inshakehandswithsucceedinsufferfromhappentotakepartinwalkintobelongto等例如 Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.这把钥匙只配这把锁 Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.你说的与我们听说的一致3)系动词无被动语态,如appearbebecomefallfeelgetgrowkeeplookremainseemsmellsoundstaytasteturn等例如Itsoundsgood.听上去不错 4)带同源宾语的及物动词如die/deathdream/dream,live/life等,以及反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态例如Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.她昨晚做了个恶梦 5)当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态例如 (对)Shelikestoswim. (错)Toswimislikedbyher.
5.主动形式表示被动意义 1)washcleancookironlookcutsellreadwearfeeldrawwritesell等例如 Thebooksellswell. 这本书销路好 Thisknifecutseasily. 这刀子很好用 2)blamelet(出租)remainkeeprentbuild等例如 Iwastoblamefortheaccident.事故发生了,我该受指责 Muchworkremains.还有许多活要干 3)在needrequirewantworth(形容词)deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式例如 Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.门该修了 Thisbookisworthreading. 这本书值得一读4)特殊结构makesb.heard/understood(使别人能听见/理解自己)等例如Explainitclearlyandmakeyourselfunderstood.解释清楚些,让别人理解你的话
6.被动形式表示主动意义,如bedeterminedbepleasedbegraduated(from)beprepared(for)beoccupied(in)getmarried等例如 Heisgraduatedfromafamousuniversity.他毕业于一所有名的大学 注意表示同某人结婚,用marrysb.或getmarriedtosb.均可例如 Hemarriedarichgirl.他与一个富妞结婚了 Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.
7.need/want/require/worth 当needwantrequirebeworth后面接doing时,表示的是被动意义例如 Yourhairwantscutting. 你的头发该理了 Thefloorrequireswashing.地板需要冲洗三.巩固练习
1.I___________teachherefortenyearssinceIfinishedschool.
2.Wouldyoumindme__________useyourbike
3.ThestudentsofClassTwo___________sweeptheirclassroomnow.
4.TheWhites____________notlistentotheradioatthattime.
5.Itsbettertogivethan__________receive.
6.Howlong______you_______liveinthistown
7.You_______comeherelastyear______you
8.----When______you______seehim----I______seehimlastSunday.
9.Shesaidthatthecar___________usethenextweek.
10.Ididntknowwhat__________happentoChinainacentury.
11.WhenIgottothestationthetrain____already______leave.
12.Thestonebridge______________buildinourhometownfortenyears.
13.Thedeskmust______cleanonceaday.
14.Thedog_________lieonthefloorwhenIcamein..
15.It_________rainheavilywhenIgothome.
16.Hermother____________cookatthistimeyesterday.
17.Thestudents_____________dotheirhomework.__________notmakeanynoise!
18.----______youever_______betoBeijing----Yes.I________gotherelastweek.
19.Helltelephoneusassoonashe_________arrivethere.
20.Jiefangtrucks____________makeinChangchun.
21.Apenisusedfor__________write.
22.Allthatmust________do.
23.Myfriendcantdecidewhichpairoftrousers____________choose.Sosheaskedmetogoshoppingwithher.
24.Theyfindituseful__________learnEnglish.
25.Theoldmanoften_________tellthechildrenastoryintheevening.Thiseveninghe________telltwostories.
26.Theradio__________useonceinaweekinourclass. It____________notuseyesterdaybecausetherewassomethingwrongwithit.
27.Wouldpleasetellushow___________makethewatch________work
28.Shedoesntknowwhat_________doandwhere__________go.四.答案
1.havetaught
2.using
3.aresweeping
4.weren’tlistening
5.toreceive
6.have…lived
7.came…didn’t
8.did…seesaw
9.wouldbeused
10.wouldhappen
11.had…left
12.havebeenbuilt
13.becleaned
14.waslying
15.wasraining
16.wascooking
17.aredoingDon’tmake
18.have…beeenwent
19.arrives
20.aremade
21.writing
22.bedone
23.tochoose
24.tolearn
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