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语法复习二十介词介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词介词分为三种,一种是简单介词,如atinonbesidetofor等;另一种是短语介词,即由两个以上的词组组成的短语,如infrontofbecauseofoutofinsteadof等;还有一种叫二重介词,如untilafterfrombehind等
(一)介词的句法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系
1、作定语Thebookonthetableismine.
2、作状语Wehavebreakfastatseven.(表时间);Theywerelateformeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.(表原因);Theystartedthemachinebypressingthebutton.(表方法)
3、作表语Mydictionaryisinthebag.
4、作宾语补足语Ifoundhimintheoffice.
(二)主要介词区别
1、表示时间的atinon at表示片刻的时间,如at8o’clock,常用词组有atnoonatnightatmidnightattheendofatthattimeatthebeginningofattheageofatChristmasatNewYear等in表示一段的时间,如inthemorningintheafternoonintheeveninginOctoberin1998insummerinthepastinthefuture等on总是跟日子有关,onMondayonChristmasmorningonthefollowingonMayDayonawarmmorning等
2、表示时间的since和from since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用from表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用如Ihopetodomorningexercisesfromtoday./Wehavenotseeneachothersince
1995.
3、表示时间的in和after两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后,区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后”,而after则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后)”,in短语和将来时态连用,after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用如We’llbebackinthreedays./Afterseventherainbegantofall./Whatshallwedoaftergraduation注意after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)如Aftertwomonthshereturned.
4、表示地理位置的inonto in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外如ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina./MongoliaisonthenorthofChina./JapanistotheeastofChina.
5、表示“在……上”的on和in on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分如Thereisabookonthepieceofpaper./Thereisaninterestingarticleinthenewspaper./Hedugaholeinthewall.
6、表示“穿过……”的through和across through表示从内部通过,与in有关;across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关如Waterflowsthroughthepipe./Theoldmanwalkedacrossthestreet.
7、inthecorneronthecorneratthecorner inthecorner表示在角落里,in指角的内面;onthecorner表示“在角上”,on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;atthecorner指“在拐角处”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面如Thelampstandsinthecorneroftheroom./Imetwithhimatthestreetcorner./Hesatonthecornerofthetable.
8、intheendattheendofbytheendof intheend作“最后”、“终于”解,可单独使用,后不接介词of;attheendof表示“在……末梢”,“到……尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体不可单独使用;bytheendof作“在……结束时”,“到……末为止”解,只能指时间不可单独使用如Intheendtheyreachedaplaceofsafety./Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden./TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek./bytheendoflastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.
9、表示“关于”的about和on两者都有“关于”的意思,不过前者为一般用词,而后者为较正式的“论述”如Hecametotellmeaboutsomethingimportant./Hewroteabookonscience.
10、betweenamong一般说来,between表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间如Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme./Heisalwayshappyamonghisclassmates.注意但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是两两相互间接关系,适用于between如Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时用between如Thelittlevalleyliesbetweenhighmountains.在谈事物间的差别时,总是用between如Theydon’tknowthedifferencebetweenwheatoatsandbarley.
11、besidesexceptbutexceptfor besides指“除了……还有,再加上”如Allwentoutbesidesme.;except指“除了,减去什么”,不能放在句首如Allwentoutexceptme.;but与except意思近似,表示“除了……外”经常用在noallnobodyanywhereeverything等和其他疑问词后面如Ineversawhimreadinganythingbutthenewspaper.;exceptfor表示“如无……就,只是”表明理由细节如Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.
12、表示“用”的in和with表示工具的“用”,用with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”,用in如Heiswritingaletterwithapen./Hewrotetheletterinpencil./Wemeasureditinpounds./Readthetextinaloudvoice./TellmethestoryinEnglish.
13、inchargeof和inthechargeof两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”区别在于inchargeof后接被照管的人或物,而inthechargeof后面则跟照管的人如Whoisinchargeoftheproject/Theprojectisinthechargeofanengineer.
14、aslike as作“作为”、“以……地位或身份”解如Letmespeaktoyouasafather.(事实是父亲);like作“象……一样”解如Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.(事实上不是父亲)
15、infrontof和inthefrontof infrontof=before,是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物内);inthefrontof则是“在……前部”的意思(在某物内)如Thereisadeskinfrontoftheblackboard./Theboysatinthefrontofthecar.
16、ininto into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置如Wewalkedintothepark.;in通常表示位置如Wewalkedinthepark;in和dropfallputthrowbreak等终止性动词连用时,也可以表示动向如Ihaveputthecoininintomypocket.我把硬币放进衣袋练习
(一)、介词
1.Theteacheriswriting____apieceofchalkontheblackboardwhilethestudentsarewriting____inkinexercisebooks.A.withinB.inwithC.ininD.withwith
2.Theworkercanmakechairs____woodandalsocanmakepaper____wood.A.fromofB.offromC.of.ofD.fromfrom
3.Marydroppedin____MrSmithbuthewasntathomesoshewenttodropin____MrSmithsoffice.A.ononB.atatC.on.atD.at.on
4.Theteacherisnotonlystrict____hispupilsbutalsostrict____hisownwork.A.withwithB.ininC.inwithD.within
5.Hisgrandfatherdied____thewoundthattheenemysoldierhadgivenhim.andthenhisgrand-motherdied____hungryandcold.A.fromofB.offromC.fromfromD.of.of
6.Ifyourun____twoharesyouwillcatchneither.A.intoB.afterC.offD.outof
7.Thisisacommonmistake____students.A.betweenB.overC.amongD.about
8.Myfatherbegantowork____abusdriverwhenhewastwentyyearsold.A.forB.toC.atD.as
9._____hearingthenewsIwaswild____joy.A.AtinB.OnwithC.AfterbyD./over
10.IdontthinkXiaoLiis____theotherstudents____mathematics.A.afteronB.afterwithC.behindinD.behindat
11.Nobodyknowsit____me.A.exceptforB.exceptthatC.besidesD.but
12.Thewindowisneveropened____insummer.A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.butfor
13.Ithappened____theLongMarch.A.duringB.inC.atD.for
14.Wegotoschool____abike.A.inB.onC.byD.ove
15.Itsverykind____youtorepairthebike____me.A.for.forB.ofofC.offorD.forof
16.Freshairisgood____yourhealth.A.atB.forC.ofD.to
17.Theboyiswaiting____hissisterandtheywillgotothehospitaltowait____theirsickmother.A.foronB.onforC.forforD.on.on
18.Thegroupismadeup____fivestudents.Andtheyarestudyinghardtomakeup____thelosttime.A.ofofB.forforC.offorD.forof
19.ThePLAmansavedtheboy____death.A.ofB.fromC.toD.on
20.Hewillcome____threedays.A.beforeB.afterC.inD.later
21.HewenttoBeijingandreturned____threedays.A.inB.beforeC.laterD.after
22.Hewillreturn____threeoclock.A.afterB.inC.onD.at
23.Hewrotethearticle____threedays.A.atB.inC.onD.by
24.Iagree____whatyousaid.A.toB.onC.withD.at
25.Doyouagree____thisplanarrangementA.atB.withC.onD.to
26.Finallytheyagreed____thetermsofthecontract.A.onB.toC.withD.at
27.Doyouoftenhear____yourbrotherA.ofB.fromC.outofD.about
28.1heard____thebooklongagobutIhaveneverreadit.A.outB.fromC.ofD.with
29.Theplaneflew____thecity.A.acrossB.pastC.throughD.over
30.Wewalked____theTianAnMenSquaretotheMuseumofChineseHistory.A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past
31.Iwaswandering____thestreetswhenIcaughtsightofatailorsshop.A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past
32.Ourbusdrove____theGreatHallofthePeople.A.acrossB.throughC.pastD.over
33.____thesunnothingwouldgrow.A.ForB.WithC.UnderD.Without
34.Theteacherisbusy____teaching.A.withB.forC.onD.of
35.Theteacherisbusy____correctingpapers.A.forB.inC.onD.of
36.WeleftXian_.___averyhotsummerafternoon.A.onB.inC.duringD.by
37.Shefeltdisappointedwhenshefoundouttheyhadgoneswimming____her.A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.without
38.Histeacherwasangry____him____hisbeinglate.A.atwithB.atforC.withforD.withabout
39.Myfatherwasdisappointed____thenews.A.byB.aboutC.atD.on
40.MrWangwenttoNanjing____October1998andcamebackhome____themorningofNov.
5.A.at;inB.on;atC.in;onD.by;from
41.Myunclelives____105HuangheStreet.Hisroomis____thefifthfloor.A.at;onB.td;atC.on;inD.of;to
42.Idontthinkyoucanworkoutthemathsproblem____theteachershelp.A.sinceB.unlessC.becauseD.without
43.Heisrunning____thewindtowardstheeastofthestation____Tomisrunning____theright.A.down;and;onB.against;while;onC.for;with;inD.with;while;to
44.InHangzhouMrGreenwassostruck____thebeautyofnaturethathestayed____anothernight.A.at;onB.with;atC.for;inD.by;for
45.Manypeoplearestill____thehabitofwritingsillythings____publicplaces.A.at;atB.in;inC.into;ofD.during;at
46.-Doyougothere____bus-Nowegothere____atrain.A.in;onB.on;onC.by;inD.by;with
47.Imadethecoat____myownhands.Itwasmade____handnotwithamachine.A.in;inB.in;withC.with;byD.with;with
48.Thetrees____frontofthehouseare____thechargeofOldLi.A.in;inB.at;inC.in;byD.from;in
49.Theoldmandied____cold____acoldnight.A.from;atB.of;inC.of;onD.for;during
50.DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguages____FrenchA.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside
51.Helookedquitehealthy____hewas____theageofseventy.A.when;atB.because;inC.if;forD.though;at
52.-Howlonghasthebookshopbeeninbusiness-____
1982.A.AfterB.InC.FromD.Since
53.Didyouhaveanytrouble____thepostofficeA.tohavefoundB.withfindingC.tofindD.infinding
54.TotellyouthetruthIhavenothingtodo____it.A.aboutB.withC.forD.of
55.Somethingmustbedonetopreventourcity____bythicksmoke.A.tobepollutedB.frompollutingC.frombeingpollutedD.polluting
56.____thestudentslikesthepaintings.WhichiswrongA.TheteacheraswellasB.NobodybutC.TheteacherbesidesD.Allexcept
57.Henry____MaryandTomiscomingtoChinaforavisit.WhichiswrongA.togetherwithB.likeC.andnotD.butinadditionto
58.Taiwanis____theeastofFujian.A.inB.atC.toD.on
59.HisfatherwillbebackfromLondon____afewdays.A.sinceB.inC.onD.after
60.Weofferedhimourcongratulations____hispassingthecollegeentranceexams.A.atB.onC.forD.of
61.Thewordwritehasthesamepronunciation____thewordright.A.ofB.asC.toD.from
62.Thetrainleaves____6:00p.m.SoIhavetobeatthestation____5:40p.m.atthelatest.A.at;untilB.for;afterC.at;byD.before;around
63.Go____thegateandyou11findtheentrance____thepark____theotherside.A.through;to;onB.along;of;onC.down;to;atD.up;of;by
64.One____fivewillhavethechancetojoininthegame.A.withinB.amongC.inD.from
65.Becauseofherdevotion_____musicshehasbecomefriendlywithMr.Zhang.A.in B.to C.with D.on
66.Whatideacanamanwhoisblindfrombirthhave_____colorA.in B./ C.with D.of
67.Somepeoplesaythatwelive_____theageofcomputers.A.in B.at C.with D.for
68.---MayIattendyourlectureMr.Green---Welcome_____openarms. A.with B.by C.in D.for
69._____defeatedtheydidntloseheart. A.Inspiteof B.Exceptfor C.Though D.Until
70.IsawJackyesterday.Hetoldmethathewouldstayhere_____theendofthisyear. A.at B.by C.for D.till
71.Thetrainleavesat6:00p.m.SoIhavetobeatthestation____5:40p.m.atthelatest.A.untilB.afterC.byD.around
72.Theboyoughttohavegonetoschool___butheslept___noon.A.inthemorningatB.thatmorningatC.inthatmorninguntilD.thatmorninguntil
73.Thedoctorwillbefree____. A.10minuteslaterB.aftertenminutes C.intenminutesD.10minutesafter
74._____moststudentsshewasalwayswellpreparedandnevercametoclasslate. A.LikeB.AsC.ForD.To
75.Letswalkover___theshopontheothersideofthestreet.A.inB.toC.underD.by
76.Thenumberoftheemployeeshasgrownfrom1000to
1200.Thismeansithasrisen____20percent.A.byB.atC.toD.with
77.____productionupby60%thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A..AsB.ForC.WithD.Through
78.DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguage___FrenchA.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside
79.Iknownothingabouttheyounglady___sheisfromBeijing.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.besides
80.---Youaresolucky.---Whatdoyoumean____thatA.for B.in C.of D.by语法复习二十介词1~5ABCDA6~10BCDBC11~15DBABC16~20BACBC21~25DABCD26~30ABCDA31~35BCDAB36~40ADDCC41~45ADBDB46~50CCACC51~55DDDBC56~60DCCBB61~65BCACB66~70DAACD71~75CDCAB76~80ACCCD。