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牛津初中英语总复习8BUnit3一.【精选词汇】 ㈠重点短语
1.Ihavenoidea.=I’venoidea.=Idon’tknow.我不知道p40
2.turnontheTV→turnon/off打开/关闭…,turnup/down调大/调低;都是“动词+副词”
3.changethechannel换台→onChannel…在…台,e.g.onCCTV-5→拓展theEnglishChannel英吉利海峡
4.differentusesofcomputers计算机的不同用途 drawanddesignplaycomputergamessearchforinformationsendandreceivee-mails收发电子邮件dowordprocessing进行文字处理writecomputerprograms编写计算机程序p41
5.travelaroundtheworldineighthours八小时环游地球,educationalCD-ROM教育软件p42
6.comeout书等出版,发行,发表,不能用于被动语态,可以转化为bepublished 〈知识链接〉Whenwillhernewnovelcomeout=Whenwillhernewnovelbepublished 〈用法拓展〉⑴太阳、月亮或星星出现;露出,e.g.Therainedstoppedandthesuncameout. ⑵花朵开放;草出芽,e.g.InMarchflowersandgrasscomeout.
7.learnEnglishandgeographyatthesametime同时学英语和地理→atthesametime同时 〈知识链接〉learnandplayatthesametime边学边玩
8.themaincharacter主角→playthemaincharacterof…=playtheleadroleof… 〈知识链接〉playtherole…扮演…,thebestactor最佳男主角,thebestactress最佳女主角
9.have/getitchyfeet渴望旅行,e.g.ShehasgonetoAustralia-shehasalwayshaditchyfeet.
10.helpyoulearnEnglishbytestingyourknowledgeofEnglishgrammarandvocabularyp43 〈知识链接〉⑴by介词,通过某种方法、手段,后接名词或动词-ing
①Hemadealivingbysellingflowers.
②Youcanknowmoreaboutthenewsbyreadingtoday’snewspaper. ⑵haveaknowledgeof有某方面的知识,e.g.
①Hehasawideknowledgeofpainting.他在绘画方面知识渊博
②Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量
11.oneofthebestonthemarket市面上最畅销的一种
12.chooseoneiconinthemenu在菜单里选择一个图标,clickonitformoredetails点击它以了解详情→clickon…点击…,leftdouble-clickon…左键双击…
13.openmynewe-dictionaryonmycomputer打开我电脑上的新电子词典p48 〈知识链接〉“打开”电脑的软件用open不用turnon 〈用法拓展〉⑴英汉词典anEnglish-Chinesedictionary,汉英词典aChinese-Englishdictionary ⑵查字典lookupawordinadictionary或lookawordupinadictionary
14.restartthecomputer重新启动电脑→startvt.启动;开始→restart重新启动 〈知识链接〉re+部分动词→再…,e.g.rebuild重建,reuse循环使用,retell复述 〈用法拓展〉setoff=startoff出发;动身,setaboutdoingsth开始做某事,着手做某事
15.checkthesettings检查设置,double-clickonthe“auto-run”icon双击“自动运行”图标,double-clickontheiconfor“Tour”→double-clickonthe…icon=double-clickontheiconfor…双击…图标,putintheCD-ROM插入光盘
16.connectthekeyboardtothecomputerproperly正确地连接键盘和电脑 〈知识链接〉⑴connectAtoB连接A和B→beconnectedto…与…连接⑵properadj.正确的→properly
17.growaninch长一英寸,growtosixfeetlong长到六英尺长→Afootisequalto12inches.
18.dailyEnglish=everydayEnglish日常英语→dailynewspaper日报,XinhuaDaily新华日报
19.goonshorttoursofAustraliaandNewZealand去澳大利亚和新西兰短期旅行p52
20.behiddeninsomewhereintheArctic被藏在北极的某个地方→behidden+地点,被藏在…
21.thetreasurebox百宝箱→treasurehunt寻宝p55 ㈡词汇解析
1.onlineadj.联网的;在线的e.g.chatonline网上聊天,orderapackageonline网上订购一套
2.reach⑴vt.到达=getto…=arriveat/in…⑵达到,e.g.
①reach18yearsold年满18岁
②Thechildisn’ttallenoughtoreachthesnacksonthetable.⑶reachoutahand伸出一只手
3.⑴correctlyadv.正确地→correct
①adj.正确的→incorrect→incorrectly
②vt.改正;修正,e.g.correctamistake改正错误⑵correct正确的→wrong错误的,inthecorrectorder按正确顺序
4.educatev.教育→educationn.教育→educationaladj.教育的,e.g.
①educateoneself自修;培养
②beeducatedatschool在学校里受教育
③haveagoodeducation受到良好教育
5.knowledgen.知识→knowvt.知道→beknowntosb为某人所知,bewellknown/famousfor…因…而出名,beknownas…作为…而出名,e.g.SamuelClemenswhowasknownasMarkTwainwasafamousAmericanwriter.塞缪斯·克莱门斯,以马克·吐温知名,是美国名作家
6.point⑴n.分数e.g.get100points得100分⑵n.小数点e.g.
1.732读作onepointseventhreetwo ⑶v.指e.g.pointout指出,pointat/to…指向
7.regards用于信函的结尾或转达问候致意;问候→regardsbas…把某人视为…
8.company简写作Co.,e.g.有限公司companylimited=Co.Ltdproducer制作人;制造商
9.使用计算机Officeword常用短语createafile创建文档,keep/savethefileforfutureuse保存该文档以备用“收发电子邮件”sendandreceivee-mails需要“电子信箱”e-mailaddress
10.control⑴n.键盘上的控制键⑵vt.控制e.g.
①Thetrafficlightsarecontrolledbyacentralcomputer.交通信号灯由中心计算机控制
②Thisknobcontrolsthevolume.此旋钮调节音量 二.【重点句型】
1.—Whatdoyouuseyourcomputerfor—Iusuallyuseittosearchforinformation.p41 〈知识链接〉What…for=Why…为什么…e.g.Whatdidyoudothatfor=Whydidyoudothat
2.Itsoundsinterestingdoesn’tit→“陈述句+附加疑问?”构成反意疑问句p42 ⑴附加疑问即“助动词或助动词的否定式缩写+主语或there”;附加疑问部分的助动词必须与陈述句保持一致,主语必须是人称代词或there,并与陈述句主语的单复数保持一致 ⑵前肯定后否定;前否定后肯定尤其要注意“前否定后肯定”答语的英汉差异 ⑶反意疑问句的答语为“Yes主语+助动词.”或“No主语+助动词的否定式” e.g.—Simondidn’ttakepartinthefootballmatchdidhe—Yeshedid.Thoughhewasn’tfeelingwell. —西蒙没有参加足球赛,是吗?—不,他参加了尽管他当时不舒服
3.Onedayhewaslyingonthegrassandlookingatthebeautifulblueskywhenhefellasleepandhadaverystrangedream.一天,他躺在草地上,看着美丽的蓝天,不知不觉间睡着了,并做了个奇怪的梦 lie
①躺→lies→lying→lay→lain
②说谎→lies→lying→lied→lied
③位于→lies→lying→lied→lied 〈知识链接〉⑴lie意思是“躺”,常用于liedown躺下,findsb/sthlying+地点
①Shefoundapurselyingontheground.
②Ifoundahomelessmanlyingatthestreetcorner.⑵fallasleep睡着,e.g.HefellasleepwhenhewaswatchingTV.⑶have/dreama…dream做了一个…的梦,e.g.have/dreamastrangedream 〈用法拓展〉lie⑴说谎,e.g.
①Youcouldseefromhisfacethathewaslying.
②tellalie说谎 ⑵位于,e.g.JiangsuliesintheeastofChina.
4.SeethosebigcloudsofdifferentcolourswithquestionsonthemYougetapointeverytimeyouansweraquestioncorrectly.→everytime+陈述句,每当…,引导时间状语从句 〈知识链接〉getapoint得一分,answeraquestioncorrectly答对一题
5.Whenyouhavegotenoughpointsacloudwillcomedownandcarryyouofftoaplaceyouhavenevervisitedbefore.→youhavenevervisitedbefore是省略关系代词that/which的定语从句 〈知识链接〉havegotenoughpoints获得足够的点数,carryyouoffto…把你带到…
6.AreyoureadyLet’sgo!准备好了吗?出发!
7.ForexamplewhenyoureachLondonyouwilllearnabouttheMuseumofLondonandmanyotherinterestingplaces.→
①learnabout…了解…
②manyother+名词复数,其他许多…p43
8.Everytimeyoupassalevelyouwillseeamapoftheworld.→passalevel过一关 〈知识链接〉⑴Everytime+陈述句,每当…⑵amapoftheworld世界地图→amapofChina
9.Theplacesyouhavevisitedaremarkedinbrightpurple.你到过的地方都标上了明亮的紫色
10.Getitnowbeforeitissoldout.→sellout售完,besoldout被售完,sellwell好卖不用被动 〈知识链接〉—HaveyougotasizeM—Sorrytheyareallsoldout.Theysellwell.
11.I’veboughtmanyeducationalCD-ROMsbeforebutI’vefoundnoneofthemtobeanygood. 〈知识链接〉findnoneofthemtobeanygood没发现一个好的
12.—Howcanyourteacherreadyourhomeworkonthecomputer—Icansendhime-mailsorprintitout.→readyourhomework批阅作业,sendsbe-mails给某人发电子邮件p46 〈知识链接〉onthecomputer在电脑上,onthescreen,onTV,ontheInternet在因特网上
13.—Doyouhaveanewprintertoo—Yesanditprintsveryquickly.→该句的print不用被动
14.Mynewcomputerismuchfasterthantheoldone.Icantypeveryeasilyandthekeyboardisverycomfortable.
15.We’vegotmanykindsofpersonalcomputers.ThisgreenoneiscalledKiwianditisdesignedespeciallyforstudents.→personalcomputer个人电脑,简写作PCp48 〈知识链接〉⑴Kiwi
①informal=apersonfromNewZealand新西兰人
②几维鸟,新西兰鸟,喙长、翼短、无尾、不能飞
③kiwifruit猕猴桃;奇异果⑵bedesignedespeciallyforstudents特别为学生而设计
16.—Isitusedwidely—OfcourseverywidelyinBeijing.→bewidelyused被广泛使用 〈知识链接〉Englishiswidelyusedasthesecondlanguageinmanycountries.bewidelyas…被广泛用作
17.Whenatotaloftenquestionsareansweredincorrectlytheprincesswillbecomebald.p51 〈知识链接〉⑴totaln.总数,总和e.g.
①Yougot47pointsonthewrittenexamand18ontheoralmakingatotalof
65.你笔试得了47分,口试得了18分,总分65分
②Outofatotalof15gamestheyonlywon
2.在总共15场比赛中,他们只胜了2场⑵becomebald秃顶→become+形容词
18.Thequestionsgetmoredifficultasyougotohigherlevels.当你到更高的级别,问题就更难了 〈知识链接〉as连词,当…时,随着…e.g.Theairwillgetfresherasyoureachthetopofthemountain.
19.Shewillhelpyouwhennecessary.必要时她会帮助你→ifnecessary如果有必要p52
20.Manytopicsarecoveredinthecourseincludingtravelandhotelsfoodanddrinkandshoppingandmoney.这一课程涉及许多主题,包括旅游、饭店、购物和钱币p53 〈知识链接〉⑴cover=include包括;涉及⑵including介词,包括…在内,e.g.
①Histalkcovered/includedthehistorybetweenthetwoWorldWars.
②Thepackageincludes/coversabookandtwoCD-ROMs.
③ThereweretenstudentsleftintheclassroomincludingTom.
21.CanyoushowmehowtostartthisonlinetourofAustraliaplease 你能告诉我如何开启这个澳大利亚的在线之旅吗?→howtostart…是“疑问词+动词不定式”
22.Doyoumindtellingmehowtousethisfunction你介不介意告诉如何使用这个功能? 〈知识链接〉mind介意,表示请求允许或客气地请人做事注意以下两种表达的不同 ⑴Do/Wouldyoumindmy/medoingsth或Do/WouldyoumindifIdosth你介意我做某事吗? 表示请求对方的允许,答语为Ofcoursenot.Certainlynot.或You’dbetternot.Betternot. ⑵Do/Wouldyouminddoingsth你介意做某事吗?表示客气地请人做事
①Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow=DoyoumindifIopenthewindow我开窗户好吗?
②Wouldyoumindexplainingthatagainplease请你再解释一遍行吗?请做题 —WouldyoumindI’mfeelingtootired.—Ofcoursenot.Letmedoit. A.todriveB.mydriveC.drivingD.mydriving
23.Justdouble-clickonthe“Pencil”icon.…Aworksheethasjustappearedonthescreen. 〈知识链接〉⑴appear是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态appear出现→disappear消失 ⑵sheetn.
①床单e.g.changethesheet换床单
②一张通常指标准尺寸的纸e.g.500sheets
24.Inwhichcountriesisthegamesold这个游戏在哪些国家销售?p55 〈知识链接〉Inwhichcountries不能去掉介词in,e.g.Whichcitydidyougotolastsummer
25.Thegoalofthegameistotravelaroundtheworldtolearnthehistoryofeachplaceandusethisknowledgetoopenthetreasurebox.→当主语是goal等时,用动词不定式betodo作表语 三.【语法详解】被动语态 ㈠英语中的语态-主动语态和被动语态 ⒈英语动词有两种语态主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者如
①Theybuiltanewbridgeovertheriver.主动→Anewbridgewasbuiltovertheriverbythem.被动
②ManypeoplespeakEnglish.主动→Englishisspokenbymanypeople.被动 ⒉汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成”,即“be+p.p.”,其中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化 ㈡被动语态的基本用法 ⒈当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式是主动语态当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,时态通过动词be表现出来 ⒉什么时候使用被动语态 ⑴不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁
①Somewindowswerebrokenlastnight.
②Thisbookwaspublished出版in
2005. 注意第
②句=Thisbookcameoutin
2005.comeout是不及物动词短语,不能用于被动语态 ⑵只强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者
①EducationalCD-ROMsaresoldinmanycountries.
②RicewasfirstgrowninChina.
③Englishislearnedallovertheworld. 注意不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态,如appearhappentakeplace等 ㈢被动语态的基本结构 ⒈动作的承受者+be+过去分词+其他+by+动作的执行者 简写为“承受者+be+过去分词+其他+by+动作的执行者” ⒉主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 确定主动语态的时态,它决定着被动语态中的助动词be→找出主动语态的主、谓、宾 →按照上述句式改写承受者+be+过去分词+其他+by+执行者 ⒊常用的被动语态结构 时态 结构 时态 结构 一般现在时 am/is/are+p.p. 含情态动词 can/may/must/…be+p.p. 一般过去时 was/were+p.p. 现在完成时 have/hasbeen+p.p. 一般将来时 will/shallbe+p.p. am/is/aregoingtobe+p.p. 现在进行时 am/is/arebeing+p.p. ⒋主动改为被动语态的例子主动语态基本结构为主、谓、宾 ⑴Hisbrotherwashesdisheseveryday.→Dishesarewashedeverydaybyhisbrother. 主执行者谓宾承受者其他 ⑵Peterwillcleantheroomtomorrow.→TheroomwillbecleanedtomorrowbyPeter. ⑶Hemustlookafterthelittleboy.→Thelittleboymustbelookedafterbyhim. ⑷Thestudentsarewatchingacharityshow.→Acharityshowisbeingwatchedbythestudents. ㈣特殊情况的被动语态 简单句五种基本形式中的其中两种变为被动语态时十分重要 ⒈主谓+双宾这类短语含有介词to或for如givesendshowbuymake… ⑴givesbsth=givesthtosb,buysbsth=buysthforsb 主动语态Amygavemesomenicestickers.=Amygavesomenicestickerstome. 被动语态IwasgivensomenicestickersbyAmy.或SomenicestickersweregiventomebyAmy. ⑵主动Afairygavetheprincessamagicwand.=AfairygaveamagicwandtoPrincessLaura. 被动Theprincesswasgivenamagicwandbyafairy.或Amagicwandwasgiventotheprincess. 总结含有双宾语的动词短语变为被动语态的规则可以把任何一个宾语作为被动语态的主语;如果把直接宾语即物体作为主语,动词和直接宾语之间要添加相应的介词to或for主动语态中无论使用givesbsth还是givesthtosb,一律按照上述句子改写,即 givesbsth或givesthtosb→sbbegivensth或sthbegiventosb,这类含有介词to或for的短语见下表 主动语态 被动语态 sendsbsth或sendsthtosb sbbesentsth或sthbesenttosb showsbsth或showsthtosb sbbeshownsth或sthbeshowntosb buysbsth或buysthforsb sbbeboughtsth或sthbeboughtforsb makesbsth或makesthforsb sbbemadesth或sthbemadeforsb ⒉主谓宾+省略to的不定式即宾补使役动词变为被动语态时,原来省略的to一定要加上 常见短语⑴makesbdosth→sbbemadetodosth主动语态不含to,被动语态必须带to下同 ⑵hearsbdosth→sbbeheardtodosth ⑶seesbdosth→sbbeseentodosth ⑷havesbdosth→sbbehadtodosth 注意特殊例子letsbdosth→sbbeletdosth主动语态和被动语态都不含to e.g.Hemadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.→Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursaday. ㈤主动形式表示被动意义有些不及物动词其主语大都指物的主动语态可以表示被动意义 ⒈某些连系动词这些动词有feeltastesmellsoundprove等
①Thecoffeesmellsdelicious.
②Thestoryprovedquitefalse. ⒉某些可与welleasilyquickly等副词连用的不及物动词
①Thiskindofbikessellswell.
②Thiskindofricecooksmorequicklythanthatkind. ⒊某些可用于“主+谓+主补”结构中的不及物动词e.g.Thebagbrokeopen. ⒋动名词在beworthdoing句型中的主动形式表示被动含义
①HisnovelsaresowellworthreadingthatIwantone.
②Thesestampsareworthcollecting. ⒌动名词在needwantrequire等动词后,主动形式表示被动含义needdoing=needtobedone
①Theproblemrequiresdealingwithimmediately.
②Herbikeneededrepairing. ⒍动词不定式的主动形式在too…to…句型中表示被动含义Theboxistooheavytocarry. ⒎有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动含义这些形容词有easydifficultheavynicegoodpleasantimportantusefuldangerous等
①Badhabitsareeasytocontract.
②Englishisdifficulttolearn. 四.【中考真题】
1.Nowit’stimeforclass.You’dbetterturnoffyourcomputer.Afterclassyoumayit.2006安徽 A.restartB.startC.startoffD.startbegin
2.Getupearliertomorrow.Weplantoat5:00a.m.2006浙江 A.setoffB.startoffC.restartD.AB
3.Thebookshelfistoohigh.Theboycan’tthebooksonit.2006山东 A.reachatB.arriveatC.gettoD.reach
4.Thestudentswho18canbeallowedtoseethefilm.2006重庆 A.reachoutB.reachC.getD.arrive
5.Myteacherisn’therenow.Hehasabroadalready.2006陕西 A.gottoB.goneC.reachtoD.reach
6.Thereareafewwrongwordsinthesecondparagraph.Canyouhelpmefindand A.correctitB.correctthemC.themcorrectD.itcorrect
7.Pleaseputthewordsintheorder:likeEnglishdoesheChineseor.2006甘肃 A.correctlyB.incorrectC.correctD.corrects
8.Someonehishousewhenhewasoutlastweekandstolesomedearthings.2006云南 A.breakintoB.breakupC.brokeintoD.brokeup
9.Wearegoodfriends.Wehaveeachotherforovertenyears.2006河北 A.knowB.knownC.knowledgeD.knowing
10.Thanksalotforourmistakesintheexams.2006湖南 A.pointoutB.topointoutC.pointingoutD.pointto 。