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辅导讲义学员编号(卡号)年级第课时学员姓名辅导科目教师课题形容词、副词备课时间2014年2月10日授课时间2014年2月14日教学目标形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化规则重点、难点比较级和最高级的用法考点及考试要求掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法教学内容
四、形容词、副词一知识概要形容词的用法很活跃,在英语中用处也很多,但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同,要特别加以注意下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下manynoseveralsomeafewalotlotsplentyplentyofalotofalargenumberofenough而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下muchnosomealotagreatdeallotsplentyalotofplentyof其中somenoalotofplentyof既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词I.形容词词和副词的比较级和最高级变化规则如下一.所有单音节和部分双音节如何变比较级和最高级1一般在词末尾加er变比较级,加est变最高级strong—stronger-strongestsmall--smaller--smallesthard→harder→hardestfast→faster→fastest2如果以e结尾,只加r和stnice--nicer--nicestfine--finer--finest3以重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加er和estsad--sadder--saddestbig--bigger--biggesthot--hotter--hottest4以辅音字母加y结尾的词,把y变成i,再加er和est,angry--angrier-angriestearly→earlier→earliesthungry-hungrier-hungriest但是,开放类副词即形容词加ly结尾变成的副词加more或most.如quickly→morequickly→mostquicklyquietly→morequietly→mostquietlyslowly—moreslowly—mostslowly[注]early中的ly不是后缀,故把y变i再加er和est二大部分双音节和所有多音节词都在其前面加more变比较级,加most变最高级different-moredifferent-mostdifferentbeautiful--morebeautiful--themostbeautifulexpensive--moreexpensive--themostexpensive但是,以形容前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,如unhappyuntidy,我们可以说unhappier→unhappiestuntidier→untidiest三,不规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级good/well--better--bestbadly/bad/ill--worse--worstmany/much--more--mostlittle--less--leastfar--farther--farthest或further--furthestII,形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级的基本用法
一、原级比较的基本用法原级比较由“….as+形容词或副词原形+as…”构成译前者和后者一样eg:Aliceisastallasheryoungersister.爱丽丝和她妹妹一样高LiuDehuasingsaswellasJoyZhou刘德华和周杰林伦唱得一样好ScienceisasimportantasChinese.科学和语文一样重要Susanhasdoneasmuchhouseworkasyouhave.苏珊做得家务事和你一样多其否定式,句型为“...notsoas+形容词或副词的原形+as...”应译为“前者不如后者”eg.Thisclassroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.这间教室没有那间教室大Artisnotas/sointerestingasmusic.美术没有音乐有趣注意so只能用在否定句中,as既可以用于肯定句又可以用于否定句二,比较级两个或两部分人或事物进行比较用比较级比较级由“A..形容词副词的比较级+thanB”构成表示“A比B更加…”eg:Heismoreathleticthanhistwinbrother.他比他的双胞胎弟弟更爱运动Sheismucholderthananyothergirlinthegroup她比这个组里的任何一个女孩都大得多Thatmustbealotmorefunthantakingabus.那一定比坐公汽有趣的多Marysingsbetterthanhersister.玛莉比她妹妹唱得好些Annlistenstotheteachermorecarefullythanme.Ann听讲比我仔细些注alittleabitalotmuch,evenfar等词后的形容词或副词用比较级toosoquitehow后只能用原形为了避免前后重复,我们经常用that代替前面出现的不可数名词those代替前面出现的名词的复数one代替前面出现的可数名词的单数eg:TheweatherinNanchangismuchcolderthanthatinSanyainwinter.在冬季,南昌的天气比三亚的天气冷得多(that代替前面出现的不可数名词weather)Thesebooksarenewerthanthose.这些书比那些书新些those代替前面出现的名词的复数booksThisboxisbiggerthanthatone.这个盒子比那个盒子重些one代替前面出现的可数名词的单数box三,最高级三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,其中一个在某方面超过其他几个时用最高级,形容词的最高级前一定要加定冠词the后带of和in表示范围的短语或从句如ofallofthethreeintheworld等当主语与比较的对象是同类时用of.否则用in.eg:Heisthemostoutgoingofall.他是所有人中最外向的(He和all都指人,所以用ofSheisthehappiestgirlinourclass.她是我们班最幸福的女生she和ourclass不同类,所以用in.MysisteristhefunniestpersonIknow.我妹妹是我所认识的人中最有趣的(Iknow是定语从句表范围)Whoisthetallestboyinyourclass谁是你们班最高的男孩?Itistheclosesttohome.它离家最近注1序数词后的形容词用最高级.eg:TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河流2oneof....后的形容词用最高级eg.MrGreenisoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool.格林先生是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一3副词的最高级和形容词的最高级相同,但副词的最高级最高级前可以不加定冠词theeg:Herunsthefastestinourschool.他是我们学校跑得最快的Whichdressdoyoulikethebestthegreenonetheyellowoneortheblueone?你最喜欢哪条裙子,绿色的,黄色的,还是蓝色的?二正误辨析[误]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.[析]定冠词加形容词表示一类人,应作复数看待而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数,如Thebeautifulisnotalwayskindness.美丽并不总代表善良[误]Thedangerhasgonesotheworstareover.[正]Thedangerhasgonesotheworstisover.[析]意为危险已经过去,最困难的状况已结束用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式[误]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.[析]golden在英语中多用于比喻,如goldenhair金发,guldenvoice金嗓子而gold多用于表达金质的,如agoldbar金条,agoldcoin金币,但goldfish金鱼例外[正]Sheisawarmheartedwoman.[误]Sheisawarmheartwoman.[析]英语形容词的构词法很多,其中之一是由形容词,或数词,加名词加ed构成,如warmhoarted热心肠的,whitehaired白毛的[误]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.[正]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.[析]在初中范围内所学到的以a字母开头的形容词一般不能作定语,只能作表语如Thefishisalive.鱼还活着这样的形容词有alivealikealoneasleepafraidawake等[误]Theillmannearlydied.[正]Thesickmannearlydied.[析]ill一般不作定语来形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表语时则都可以如Heisillsickill作定语时则另有他意,如illluck厄运,illnature天性恶劣illtemper心绪不好[正]Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.[误]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.[析]不定代词somethinganyonesomebody…在用形容词修饰时,形容词应放其后但要注意thing则不是不定代词,不符合上述规律如Ihaveanimportantthingtotellyou.[误]IllbefreeonnextSunday.[正]IllbefreenextSunday.[析]在表达将来时的时候nextSundaynextweeknextyear或lastSundaylastweeklastyear前都不加介词[正]Sheisatwoyearoldgirl[误]Thegirlistwoyearold.[正]Thegirlistwoyearsold.[析]由连字符连接若干名词、数词……组成的形容词,在学习时要记住两点,其一是这些词中的名词都不要用复数形式,如twothousandwordreport两千字的报告;其二是这样构成的形容词只能作定语,即用于名词之前,而不能作表语[误]TheforeignerslikethoselittlebeautifulChinesepaintings.[正]TheforeignerslikethosebeautifullittleChinesepaintings.[析]在名词前若有几个形容词作修饰语时,其顺序如下
1.指示代词,定冠词
2.数量词
3.性质词
4.大小
5.形状
6.老少,新旧
7.颜色
8.材料但要注意的是英语的习惯是一个名词前的形容词一般不要多于三个如Whataprettylittlewhitehorse!ThosefirstfewshortEnglishstorieswerenotdifficulttounderstand.[正]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishwellistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.[误]ThebestwaytolearnEnglishgoodistospeakwithEnglishmaneveryday.[析]good是形容词,这里是修饰动词speak的,所以应用副词well,但well作形容词讲时只作身体好如Heiswell.他身体很好Heisgood.他是个好人[误]Thechildrenplayonthegrassnappyly.[正]Thechildrenplayonthegrasshappily[析]多音节y结尾的形容词变为副词时应将y变为i再加ly.[误]Theteacherlookedangryatthestudents.[正]Theteacherlookedangrilyatthestudents.[析]英语中感观动词后面要接形容词,这时它是修饰主语的,如Thefoodsmellsgood.食物闻起来很香Theteacherlookedangry老师看起来很生气而此句的意思为老师生气地看着学生,所以应用副词形式[误]Heworkedwithmefriendly.[正]Hewasfriendlytome.[析]不是所有结尾是ly的词都是副词,但friendly是形容词,这样的词还有lovelylonelycostlylively…monthlyweekly…但其中有些词既是副词,又是形容词,如earlyhourlymonthly…[误]Youcanspeakfreeinfrontofyourfriends.[正]Youcanspeakfreelyinfrontofyourfriends.[析]free作为形容词意为自由的,有空闲的,免费的作为副词讲则是免费之意而freely作为副词则是自由的,随便的这些要注意的词还有hard努力,艰苦hardly几乎不late迟,晚lately最近的,最新的near近nearly几乎like像likely几乎[正]Theymusthavearrivedbynow.[误]Theymusthavearrivedtillnow.[析]bynow是用于表达到目前为止某一动作已经发生,所以应用瞬间动词而tillnow是强调某一动作一直持续到现在,所以一定要用持续性动词musthave+过去分词是对过去某一事情所作的肯定推测[误]Someonecalledyourightnow.[正]Someonecalledyoujustnow.[析]justnow有两个意思,其一是刚才,其二是现在,而rightnow只能用于现在的状态just则用于完成时态,如Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.[误]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericaatpresent.[正]MyfatherwillbebackfromAmericapresently.[析]presently有两个意思其一是最近,不久,其二在美语中是现在之意,与atpresent相同而forthepresent为暂时,如IteachEnglishintheschoolforthepresent.[误]Illbebackatthemoment.[正]Illbebackinamoment.[析]atthemoment其意为现在,当时,而inamoment意为马上过一会,与inaminute意思相近[误]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereintime.[正]ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrivehereontime.[析]ontime为准时,而intime有两个含意其一是及时,如Thedoctorarrivedintime其二是将来,终究[正]Imetanoldfriendsometimelastmonth.[误]Imetanoldfriendsometimeslastmonth.[析]Sometime过去,或者将来某时Sometimes有时如SometimesIgotoschoolbybus.Sometime一些时间如Ineedsometimetodomyhomework.Sometimes几次如IwenttoShanghaisometimesthismonth.attimes有时,偶尔atalltimes经常someothertime改天[误]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysago.[正]Ihadmetanoldfriendthreedaysbefore.[正]Imetanoldfriendthreedaysago.*ago用在时间状语中时,主句中谓语动词一般用过去时,而before用于时间状语时则主句的谓语动词宜用完成时态[正]Hestudiedveryhardandintheendhepassedtheexam.[误]Hestudiedveryhard.andattheendhepassedtheexam.[析]intheend=atlast意为最终,终于,表达经过若干努力而达到的结果而attheend是在某事的结束时如何如何,如Attheendofclasstheteachergaveussomestorybooks[误]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueachthreedays.[正]Iwillcomeheretohelpyoueverythreedays.[析]everythreedays为每三天,即每隔二天,而everyotherday为每隔一天[误]Hedidntgotothecinemayesterday.andIdidntgotoo.[正]HedidntgotothecinemayesterdayandIdidntgoeither.[析]英语中表示也,有4个字,alsoaswelltooeither,但either用于否定句中,而前3个用于肯定句中在肯定句中too与aswell一般要用在句尾,而also则可用于句中如Shewenttothepartyandherboyfriendwenttheretoo.又如Ivealsoreadherothernovels.[误]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.[正]Weshouldhelpthepoorgirlinanyway.[析]anyway为不管怎么讲,无论如何,如Whataterribleaccidentanywaynoonewashurt.anyway为任何方式这种常见的错误还发生在以下几组词中,如everyday日常的everyday每天faraway遥远的faraway远离altogether总计alltogether一块,大家一起already已经allready全准备好了[正]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.[误]Youcancometothedoctorsatanytime.[析]anytime是副词而anytime中的time是名词[误]Shesaidnearlynothing.[正]Shesaidalmostnothing.[析]nearly与almost的含意相近,在很多场合可以互换,但在否定词前用almost[误]Therearetoomuchmistakesinyourhomework.[正]Therearetoomanymistakesinyourhomework.[析]toomuch后接不可数名词,如Thereistoomuchwaterfortheflowers.而toomany后加可数名词,muchtoo后面加形容词,如ItismuchtoodifficulttolearnEnglishwell.[误]Itislateenoughthatwecangohomenow.[正]Itislateenoughforustogohomenow.[析]要注意的是enough后面一般不接从句而接不定式,或不定式的复合结构forsomebodytodosomething[误]Thetwinsareveryalike.[正]Thetwinsaremuchalike.[析]用a为首字母的形容词不能用very修饰,一般要用much来修饰[正]-Howoftendoeshewritetohisparents-Onceaweek.[误]-Howlongdoeshewritetohisparents-Onceaweek.[析]英文与中文表达法不同,隔多长时间办一次某事,实际上问的是该事发生的频率,所以要用howoften[误]AssoonasIarriveinNewYorkIllcallupyou.[正]AssoonasIarriveinNewYorkIllcallyouup.[析]当动词词组的宾语是人称代词时则一定要放于动词之后,如果是名词则可以放在词组其后如IwanttowatchTV.PleaseturnontheTV.也可以讲PleaseturntheTVon.[误]Hedrovequicklyhisnewcar.[正]Hedrovehisnewcarquickly.[析]副词在句中的位置很活,但主要有以下几种用法
①实意动词之前,如Hequicklygivemetheanswer.
②在be动词之后,如Thelittleboyisoftenlateforclass.
③第一助动词之后,如Thisbookhasalmostbeenfinished.
④在单独使用的be动词和助动词之前,如CanyouhelpmethisafternoonIcertainlycan.但是无论如何也不能将副词置于动词与宾语之间,如果是宾语从句或是很长的名词词组作宾语则才可以这样用Heheardclearlywhattheteachersaid.[正]Thechildrencamelatetothecinemayesterday.[误]Thechildrencamelateyesterdaytothecinema.[析]表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中,可放于句尾如果表示强调则可放于句首[误]Youhavefewnewbookshaventyou[正]youhavefewnewbookshaveyou[析]英语中的数量形容词有两组修饰可数名词的有few很少,几乎没有,afew有一些,几个;修饰不可数名词的有little很少,几乎没有,alittle有一点,有一些要注意的是当few和little用于句中时应看作否定句,而afew和alittle用于句中时则应看作是肯定句[正]Hespentquitealittlemoneyonhisfood.[误]Hespentquitelittlemoneyonhisfood.[析]quitea为一固定用法,其意为十分,相当,所以quiteafew=manyquitealittle=much而onlyalittle=littleonlyafew=few.[误]Doyouwanttohavemanybread[正]Doyouwanttohavesomebread[析]some与any都可以用作形容词、副词或代词,在一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于疑问句和否定句,但在希望得到肯定答复时,应用some其次是some可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词[误]Pleasetellmewheretheshoesshopis[正]Pleasetellmewheretheshoeshopis.[析]在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词时,这个作修饰词的名词应用单数形式,如ashoeshop鞋店afruitshop水果店abookshop书店apostoffice邮局apolicestation警察局abusstop汽车站[误]Heisweakatphysics.[正]Heisweakinphysics.[析]在表达擅长于作某事时用begoodatsomething而其反意词为bebadatsomething,但beweakinsomething[误]Thisdictionaryisworthtobuy.[正]Thisdictionaryisworthbuying.[析]beworth后可接动、名词表达值得作某事,又可接价格、金钱表示值多少钱[误]Dontafraidofthat.[正]Dontbeafraidofthat.[析]afraid在英文中是形容词而不是动词这样的词组还有beafraidof害怕becarefulof小心becertainof有把握,确定besureof确信begladof高兴besickof厌恶befondof喜欢[正]Theworkhasalreadybeenwelldone.[误]Theworkhasalreadybeendonewell.[析]well与badly作副词时,表示好坏,如果句子是被动语态,则应放在过去分词之前,如Thismachinehasbeenbadlydamaged.如果句子是主动语态,则应放于句末,如Ididmyhomeworkwell.[误]Weareyetintheclassroomnow.[正]Wearealreadyintheclassroomnow.[析]already主要用于肯定句,而yet多用于否定句和疑问句中,如DidyoufinishitNo.notyet.[正]Look!Herehecomes![误]Look.Herecomeshe![误]Look!Herethebuscomes![正]Look!Herecomesthebus![析]在句子开头用Here时,如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序,如果主语是名词则要用倒装语序[正]Sheismyeldersister.[误]Sheismyoldersister.[析]elder和eldest是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系,而olderoldest则是指岁数大多少,如SheisthreeyearsolderthanI.[误]Imtired.Icantgofurther.[正]Imtired.Icantgofarther.[析]far有两个比较级farther较远的,further进一步的,如Doyouneedanyfurtherexplanation你需要进一步的解释吗当然它也有两个最高级farthest和furthest.[误]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsbefore.[正]IwenttoBeijingUniversityfiveyearsago.[析]ago常与过去时连用,而before则多与完成时连用[正]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework-Nonotyet.[误]-Haveyoufinishedyourhomework-Nonotalready.[析]仍然有三个英文字可以表达它们是already,yet与still要注意的是already经常用于肯定句中,如Thebushasalreadygone而yet多用于疑问句和否定句中,如Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet而still则常用于主语与谓语动词之间,如Westillcantdecidewhattodo.但也有时用于be动词之后,如Heisstillhere.[误]HeisveryhigherthanIam.[正]HeismuchhigherthanIam.[析]much可以用来修饰比较级,而very则用来修饰形容词原级,如Imverytired.[误]-CanIwalktothestation-Youdbetternot.Itisveryfar.[正]-CanIwalktothestation-YoudbetternotItisalongway.[析]for一般用在疑问句与否定句中,如Howfarisitfromheretothestation又如Itisntfar.[误]IveeverbeentoAmerica.[正]IvebeentoAmericaonce.[析]once多用于肯定句,而ever则用于疑问句,否定句,及条件状语从句中,如HaveyoueverbeentoLondon[误]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime-NoIamnotafraidso.[正]-Couldyoupasstheexamthistime-NoImafraidnot.[析]在肯定的答语中我们可以用so来代替上句所讲的事件,如DoyouthinksheisagoodstudentYesIthinkso/Ihopeso/Ibelieveso/Imafraidso.但在否定的答语中,英语口语的习惯用法则有所不同,如,Idontthinkso而在hopebelive与afraid后则常用not,如Ihopenot.[误]Shedidntworkenoughhardsoshecouldntpasstheexam.[正]Shedidntworkhardenoughsoshecouldntpasstheexam.[析]enough可以作名词用,如EnoughhasbeensaidforhowtolearnEnglishwell.对于如何学好英语已经讲的足够多了另外它可以作为形容词,如Ihaveenoughmoneyormoneyenoughtobuythisdictionary.注意enough作为形容词时即可放于名词前又可放于名词后,在初中范围的考题中多用于名词之前如果enough作为副词用,那么它一定要放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后[误]Youcantbeverycareful.[正]Youcantbetoocareful.[析]此句话的含意是你如何小心也不过分too…to的用法是太……以至于不能作某事但在实际应用时也常常将后面的to省去,如Itistooexpensiveforme.那对我来讲是太贵了[正]Heiswellpastfifty.[误]Heisgoodpastfifty.[析]well作为副词用时除用于好之外还有大大地、远远地,等意往往有人对下面两句的对或错有争议;Heiswell.Heisgood.其实这两句都是正确的表达法,只不过其含意不同Heiswell是他身体不错,而Heisgood则为他是个好人[误]Sheisnotashalfcleverasherbrother.[正]Sheisnothalfascleverasherbrother.[析]在as…as结构中要将修饰形容词的数量词倍数及nearlyalmostexactly…等置于第一个as之前[正]HeisthesameageasTom.[误]HeissameageasTom.[析]thesame…as是固定的用法,其中定冠词the是不可省也不能换成别的词的[误]Motherandherdaughterareexactlylike.[正]Motherandherdaughterareexactlyalike.*like作为介词,其意为像,应用于looklikebelikesoundlike其后要加宾语而alike是形容词,或副词,如:YouandIthinkalike.Thetwinsaredressedalike但alike仅作表语而不能用于名词前作定语[误]Whoistallerofthetwo[正]Whoisthetallerofthetwo[析]两者的比较级之前要加定冠词[正]IhavefewerbooksthanTom.[误]IhavelessbooksthanTom.[析]less是little的比较级,而fewer是few的比较级less后应加不可数名词而fewer后是可数名词[误]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.TheclevererisMary.[正]Therearethreegirlsinmygroup.ThecleverestisMary.[析]在两者之间应用比较级,在三者之间或三者以上的范围内应用最高级[正]Theboysatthereasquietlyashissister.[误]Theboysatthereasquietashissister.[析]as…as的用法要注意的是
①在其中间应加形容词或副词的原级,而不可加比较级,也有的语法书中称为同级比较
②要根据句意决定是加形容词还是副词,这要看它具体是修饰动词还是名词而定,如Heisasgoodashisfriend.[误]Theharderyoustudyandyoucanlearnmore.[正]Theharderyoustudythemoreyoucanlearn.[析]英文中如果要表达越来越怎样,在初中范围有两种表达法
①比较级+and+比较级
②定冠词+比较级……,如Thenightsaregettinglongerandlonger要注意的是多音节形容词的比较级前要加more,这样的用法是moreandmore加形容词,如Thegirlisgrowingmoreandmorebeautiful.[误]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingastolearnEnglish.[正]StudyingphysicsisnotsointerestingaslearningEnglish.[析]在作比较时,英语一般要求对比的两部分结构应一致如用动名词,应都用动名词,用不定式时则都用不定式但有时在后一个不定式前的符号to可以省略如Torepairtheoldoneisasmuchexpensiveastobuyanewone.[正]Thegirlismuchmoreclevermuchclevererthantheboy.[误]Thegirlismoreclevererthantheboy.[析]clever有两个比较级cleverer和moreclever要注意的是不能用比较级来修饰比较级clever的两个比较级也各有不同之处,如用在两种不同性质的比较时多用moreclever如Heismorecleverthanhonest.他的聪明要远远超过其诚实[析]Theboyisthetallesttothethree.[正]Theboyisthetallestofthethree.[析]最高级的范围要用of加复数形式或加集合名词[误]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionary.[正]Thisbookisoneofthemostusefuldictionaries.[析]在oneof后面最高级形容词后要加可数名词复数[正]ThisdictionaryismuchthebestoneoftheEnglishChinesedictionaries.[误]ThisdictionaryisthemuchbestoneoftheEnglishChinesedictionaries.[析]在修饰最高级时应用far/byfar/much加the加最高级但very例外,如Heistheverybestplayerintheteam.[误]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina.[正]ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercityinChina.[析]在比较级中表示比较对象时如用anyother其后一般要加单数名词[误]MostofstoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.[正]MostofthestoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.[正]MoststoriesinthisbookarewritteninEnglish.[析]大多数一词的表达法有mostofthe+名词,或most+名词当用前一种结构时,其后面的定冠词不可少[正]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthatofthisroom.[误]Thetemperatureofthatroomishigherthanthisroom.[析]比较级用于两句话之间时,比较的部分不可省略掉,但为了避免重复,一般都要用that代替前面的单数名词,而用those代替前面的复数名词,如Thebooksinthatboxarebiggerthanthoseinthisbox[误]Heisnomorehere.Maybeheisathome.[正]Heisnolongerhere.Maybeheisathome.[析]nomore在现代英语中多译为从此再也不会了,如Hisvoiceisnomorehere.他已经去世了,他的声音不可能再出现了而用nolonger表达目前的状态要注意下面几组句子的实际含意Thisroomisnocleanerthanthatone.即两间屋子都不干净两者都不干净Thisroomisnotcleanerthanthatone即这屋子不如那间干净前者不如后者干净即一间干净,一间不干净课后作业三例题解析1IthinkChineseis___thanmaths.A.interestingBmoreinterestingC.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting[答案]B.[析]在有than作比较的句子中应用形容词的比较级2-WhatdoesLucylikebettersingingordancing-Singing.ofcourse.Shesknownto___it.A.begoodatB.begoodforC.bebadatD.bebadfor[答案]A.[析]begoodat为固定搭配,意为擅长作某事初中英语中有些这样的固定用法应记牢,而不能似是而非如begoodatbebadatbepoorinbeweekinbefitfor3TheHuangHeRiverisoneof___inChina.A.ThelongriverB.thelongestriverC.thelongestriversD.thelongerriver[答案]C.[析]在oneof+定冠词+最高级之后的名词应用复数形式4Thegirlwas___afraid___shethrewherbagaway.A.sothatB.tootoC.toothatD.enoughto[答案]A.[析]so…that为如此怎样以至于如何,此句意思是小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了而too…to的意思为如何如何,以至于不能作某事但to的后面是动词原形,而不是从句5Itwas___yesterdaythantoday.A.hotB.hoterC.hotterD.thehottest[答案]C.[析]用than表达比较的句中应用比较级6Whichsubjectdoyoulike___EnglishChineseormathsA.bestB.wellC.betterD.good[答案]A.[析]在两者之间应用比较级,而在三者之间或三者以上用最高级7Noneofthestudentswatchedit___.A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefullyC.carefullyenoughD.enoughcareful[答案]C.[析]首先应判定是选用用来修饰名词的形容词还是用来修饰动词的副词这里是修饰watch这一动词,应选用副词当enough用来修饰副词或形容词时应放于被修饰的形容词或副词之后8___sheeats___shellbe.A.More…fatB.Themore…fatterC.More…thefatterD.Themore…thefatter[答案]D.[析]the+比较级表示越来越……本句应译为她吃得越多,她就会越胖9IdontthinkEnglishis___Chinese.A.asimportantasB.notimportantasC.notsoimportantD.importantas[答案]A.[析]think+宾语从句时,应采用否定主句的形式,如中文讲,我认为你不对,英文应为我不认为你对Idontthinkyouareright.所以不能选答案B而C、D均为不正确的表达法10MissGaoisagoodEnglishteacher.Thestudentsinherclass___English.A.areinterestedinB.areinterestinginC.areinterestedatD.areinterestingto[答案]A.[析]过去分词常用来修饰人,而现在分词常用来修饰物,如aninterestingbook,实际上过去分词含有被动之意,如interested其含意是被……所吸引,感动而interesting则为使人感兴趣的,如aninterestingman一个有趣、风趣的人11Thetwinsaretogethermostofthetime.Sotheyneverfeel_.A.aloneB.lonelyC.happilyD.friendly[答案]B.[析]alone意为独自的,一个人的,它只能作表语不能作定语Iamnotaloneindoingsuchathing.而lonely意为寂寞的,孤单的,如Theoldmanfeltlonely.要体会两个词的区别,如Theoldmanlivedalonebuthedidntfeellonely.12Whata___cough!Youseem___ill.A.terribleterriblyB.terriblyterribleC.terribleterribleD.terriblyterribly[答案]A.[析]terrible是形容词,而terribly是副词,第一个空是修饰名词的,所以应填入形容词第二个空ill是形容词,这里terribly是用来修饰ill的13Thetwofriendswere___pleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverything.A.soB.tooC.veryD.much[答案]A.[析]这里用的是so…that的固定搭配14Whichis___LiLeisboxorHanMeimeisboxA.heavyB.heavierC.moreheavierD.theheaviest[答案]B.[析]两者之间用比较级,三者或以上用最高级15YoudontlikethesamecoloursandIdontlikethem___.A.tooB.alsoC.eitherD.neither[答案]C.[析]在否定句中也应用either而不要用too,因too用于肯定句中16Jimis___atallhislessons.AndImsurehelldovery___intheexams.A.wellgoodB.goodwellC.wellwellD.goodgood[答案]B.[析]good为形容词,如Heisgood.他是个好人而well作为身体状况的好坏讲时是形容词,如Heiswell为他身体不错,而作为其他意思时为副词,如HespeaksEnglishwell.17Youlook___thanbefore,whyA.morethinB.morethinnerC.muchmorethinD.muchthinner[答案]D.[析]多音节形容词才用more或most加形容词来表示其比较级或最高级,而thin的比较级为thinner18Letsgooutforsuppernow.Imvery___.A.hungryB.angryC.tiredD.thirsty[答案]A.[析]hungry-饿,angry-生气,tired-紧,疲劳,thirsty-口渴要注意名词的词义19-Canyouunderstandme-SorryIcan___understandyou.A.hardlyB.almostC.evenD.ever[答案]A.[析]hardly为一否定词,用在句中时应被看作是否定句在答语中Sorry决定了其意为听不明白,所以只能选hardly20___doyouwritetoyourpenfriendAbouttwiceamonth.A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowmuchD.Howlong[答案]A.[析]howoften用来提问某一动作经多久就要发生一次,也就是提问发生的频率howsoon是问从现在起还有多久21ChangjiangRiveris___riverinChinaA.longB.longerC.longestD.thelongest[答案]D.22Illwork___Ican.A.sohardlyasB.sohardasC.ashardlyasD.ashardas[答案]D.[析]hard可用作形容词和副词,如Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood又如Itisraininghard而hardly是副词,其词义是几乎不,如HardlydidIsleeplastnight.我昨晚几乎没有睡觉而且hardly用于句首时要采用倒装语序as…as即可以用于肯定句,也可以用于否定句,但so…as则只能用于否定句中23Itisvery___tolistentohim.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestedinD.interest[答案]B.[析]interest作为名词有两个词义,
①兴趣,
②银行中所讲的利息而其形容词interesting是使人感兴趣的,而interested是感兴趣的如HeisinterestedinEnglish.24Thingsare___worsethanIthought.A.moreB.fewC.veryD.much[答案]D.[析]只有much可以修饰比较级25Itisoneoclockbutherfatherhasntcomeback___.A.alreadyB.stillC.tooD.yet[答案]D.[析]完成时的否定句尾要用yet,而already则用于肯定句26ComradeChenis___olderthanI.A.veryB.moreC.muchD.quite[答案]C.[析]只有much可以修饰比较级可以修饰比较级的词还有muchfarevenalittlebyfar等27Shedidherhomework___.A.carefullyB.carefulC.careD.careless[答案]A.[析]这里应填入副词,而careless是由care加less后辍得来的,less意为没有,是否定之意,如careless-不小心,homeless-无家可归而carefully为副词28TheycantanswerthequestioninJapanese;wecantanswerit___.A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.neither[答案]C.29-Howareyourparents-Theyarevery___thankyou.A.goodB.kindC.wellD.happy[答案]C.[析]由问句得知其询问的是身体如何,所以well作为身体状况不错时应视为形容词30Peterruns___inourclass.A.thefastB.fasterC.fastestD.mostfast[答案]C.[析]副词的最高级前可以加定冠词,也可以不加定冠词31Wewereall___gladthatwesanganddanced.A.suchB.soC.veryD.quite[答案]B.[析]在so与that之间只有形容词时不可用such32Katesings___Joan.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.sogoodasD.asbetteras[答案]A.[析]这里well为副词,意为唱得好33Thiseggsmells___thoughitlooksallright.A.goodB.wellC.badDbadly[答案]C.[析]smell为系动词,其后应加形容词,而不是副词同样的词,还有sound,feelseem、become变成等等,如Icefeelscoldinwinter.34WaitaminuteIhave___totellyou.A.somethinginterestedB.somethinginterestingC.interestingsomethingD.anythinginteresting[答案]B.[析]修饰不定代词的修饰词要放在不定代词之后35Ishallvisityou___nextyear.A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimeD.sometimes[答案]B.[析]sometimes有时,sometime某一时刻,sometime一段时间,sometimes若干次36Mysistersaidshewouldtrytospeak___Englisheveryday.A.alittleB.afewC.litttleD.few[答案]A.[析]little修饰不可数名词,而alittle意为一些,一点37Ihave___friendshereandIoftenvisitthem.A.fewB.littleC.afewD.alittle[答案]C.[析]afew意为有些,few后面要加可数名词复数38Ofallthesebooksdoyouthinkwhichoneis___A.interestingB.muchinterestingC.moreinterestingD.themostinteresting[答案]D.[析]Ofallthesebooks是用来表示最高级的范围。