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六年级上册第
一、二单元知识要点语法知识
1.祈使句表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、号召等的句子,常省略主语you,句首用动词原形肯定祈使句动词原形+其他成分Listentomecarefully.否定祈使句Dontnever+动词原形+其他成分Dontbelateforclassnexttime.Dontdothatagain.Neverleavetodaysworkfortomorrow.Let引导的祈使句Let+第
一、三人称+not动词原形,表示建议做某事Letmetryagain.LetJackwaitaminute.祈使句的特殊用法No+名词/动名词+其他Noswimming!祈使句+and+简单句,表示“如果...就...”Godownthestreetandyoullseeacinema.祈使句+or+简单句,表示“...否则...”Bequickorwellbelate.在祈使句后面,加一个问句,使语气更加委婉Donttellanyonewillyou祈使句的反意疑问句SitdownpleasewillyouDontsmokeinthemeetingroomwillyou不论祈使句是肯定句还是否定句,其简单问句都用willyouLetsgoskatingshallweLetsnotwatchTVbeforesuppershallweLetusgoshoppingwillyou
2.情态动词表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词叫情态动词情态动词本身有一定的词义,但它也和助动词一样,不能单独作谓语,情态动词后必须跟动词原形情态动词的语法特征A.不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生B.没有人称和数的变化;也没有不定式、分词等形式C.除ought和have以外,后面只能接动词原形D.need和dare等既可以做情态动词,也可以做行为动词need作情态动词表示必须,主要用于否定句和一般疑问句中Youneedntworryabouthim.回答由need提出的一半疑问句时,肯定用must,否定用neednt.NeedIfinishmyhomeworktodayYewyoumust./Noyouneednt.need作行为动词needtodoYoudontneedtotellmethetruth.否定形式根据时态和人称用相应的主动词Theysaidthattheyneededtogothereontime.must:否定式mustnt
①must表示自己的主观看法或要求别人必须做某事意为“必须”、“应该”WemustlearnEnglishhard.
②must表示推测,意为“准是、一定”一般指可能性很大ThewomanmustbeLiLeismother.
③must表示推测时,其否定式不用mustnt而用cant.Thedoorisclosed.Hecantbeathome.
④mustnt表示“不可以”、“禁止”Youmustntplayontheroad.
⑤以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must否定回答用neednt意为“不必”MustwecometothepartyearlyYesyoumust./Noyouneednt.
⑥must与haveto的区别must表示主观的看法,haveto表示客观的需要must只有一种形式,而haveto有多种形式第三人称单数现在时用hasto过去时用hadto将来时态用willhaveto.
3.词性转化care--careful(反)careless--carefully(反)carelesslya./n.adj.adj.adv.adv.act--actor--active--actively--activityv.n.adj.adv.n.noise--noisy--noisilyn.adj.adv.quiet--quietlyadj.adv.
4.易混词辨析
①crossacrossthroughcross动词across介词“从一边到另一边”Goacrosstheroad.through介词“从中穿过”Gothroughthepark.
②sometimessometimesometimesometimessometimes:adv.(频度副词)有时Hesometimescomestoseeme.sometime:adv.在某时(不确切或尚未确定)Shewillcleanherroomsometimenextweek.sometime:一段时间Tomwillstaywithmeforsometimethissummer.sometimes:几次Mymothercallsmesometimeseveryweek.
③allwhole修饰单数名词或抽象名词时,它们可以互换,但次序不同all放在thethisthatmyyour等词之前,whole则放在之后Sheworksalltheafternoon.Sheworksthewholeafternoon.修饰复数名词时,all的意义是“所有的”whole的意义是“整整的”不可互换Allstudentswillgothereformeeting.Itrainedfortwowholedays.修饰地名时,whole不能直接跟地名AllJapanishappyonNewYearsDay.ThewholeofJapanishappyonNewYearsDay.all可以修饰物质名词,而whole不能Heeatsallthefood.whole:n.整个、整体、(可数名词)Fourquartersmakeawhole.全部、全体、所有(只用单数形式)thewholeofhislifeUnitTwo语法知识
1.一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或阶段性反复发生的动作动词形式有两种原形、第三人称单数
1.表示一般现在时的时间词everyday/month/year/summerinthemorning/afternoon/eveningonSundayinJuly/winter
2.频率副词alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomnever位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前should+always+work
3.不可改变的事实或自然现象Thechildrengotoschoolatsix.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.ChinaisfamousfortheGreatWall.第三人称单数除你、我之外的第三个人或单数的名词表示物或事sheheitTommybrotherthemanwithagirloneof…every+n.(单数),eacheachof不定代词everybodyeveryonesomebodysomeoneanybodyanyonenobodynooneeverythingsomethinganythingnothing不可数名词2词汇一词多义1every:(与单数名词连用,指整体中的)每一个,(指三者以上的人或物中的每一个),只用作定语Everystudentknowstheschoolrules.every表示“每隔”+名词复数Thebusesgoevery10minutes.every用在表示时间词前,不加介词Tome-mailsmeeveryweek.2end:v.结束、终止(反义词)beginTheroadendshere.Schoolendsatthree.=Schoolisoveratthree.end=beovern.(时间、事件、活动或故事等)终止、终结、结局、结尾(反义词)beginningattheendoftheweekThisstoryhasasadend.Letsreadthebookfrombeginningtoend.末尾、尽头Turnrightattheendoftheroad.3back:adv.回报、回答Couldyoucallbacklaterpleaseadv.向后、在后、在背面Heturnsandlooksback.adv.回原处、恢复原状Putthebookbackonthedesk.adj.背后的、后面的(反义词)frontthebackdoorWearesittinginthebackrow.n.(人或动物的)背部、背、腰背Doyousleeponyourbackoryourfrontn.后部、后面、末尾Wecouldonlygetseatsatthebackoftheroom.4kind:adj.体贴的、慈祥的、友好的、宽容的Weshouldbekindtotheanimals.bekindtosth./sb.Itsreallykindofyoutohelpme.Its/Thats+kind+ofsb.todosth.(表示谢意)kind:n.同类的人/事物,种类WhatkindofhousedoyouliveTheysellallkindsofthings.5take:v.携带、拿走、取走、运走Dontforgettotakeyourbagwithyou.takesth.withsb.Takethistothebankformewouldyoutakesth./sb.tosw.拿、取、抱、握、接Canyoutake=holdthebabyforamomentFreenewspapers:pleasetakeone.拿开、取出、挪开WillyoutakeyourbooksoffthetableHetakessomekeysoutofhispocket.吃、喝、服(药)DoyoutakesugarinyourcoffeeTakethismedicinethreetimesaday.选中、买下、租用Illtakethegreyjacket.Wetakearoomatthehotelfortwonights.记录、摘录、记下Doyoutakenotesintheclass拍照、照相、摄影Takeapictureformeplease.就座、占据(座位)Comeintakeaseat.需要...时间、费时Ittakesaboutanhourtogettotheairport.与名词连用,表示举动、动作等takeawalktakeawashtakealooktakearest6play:v.玩耍、游戏、玩乐(不及物)Agroupofkidsareplayingwithaballinthestreet.playwithsth./sb.v.扮演=actasPeterplaysabear.v.参加比赛、(同某人)比赛playfootball/cardsv.弹拨、吹奏(乐器)、演奏playthepiano/violinv.播放PlaymetheirnewCDplease.play:n.游戏、玩耍、娱乐learningthroughplayn.戏剧、剧本aradioplayplayer:n.游戏者、运动员、参赛选手agameforfourplayers7get:v.收到,接到IgetaletterfromLucyonceaweek.获得,得到WheredidyougetthatskirtDidyougetagiftforyourmothergetsth.forsb./getsb.sth.感染上,患上,遭受...之苦Hegetsreallybadheadaches.抵达,到达Whattimedidyougettheregettoschool8goon进行Thestudentsaregoingonasocialstudiesfieldtrip.goonwithsth.继续做某事Tomgoesonwithhishomeworkafterdinner.goondoingsth.继续做(上一件事)Afterschoolwegoonreadingbooks.goontodosth.继续做(下一件事)AfterIfinishthekiteIgoontoflyit.9other:adj.另外,其他TomBobandthreeotherteachersarethere.Icantseeyounowsomeothertime.themyyour...+other(指两个人或事物中的第二个)那个,另一个Myothersisterisadoctor.themyyour...+other(指一组中其余的人或事物)Igoswimmingandtheothersplayfootball.。