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课程纲要Ⅱ.短语检测1.使……有条理2.想起,考虑3.弄清楚,弄明白4.把……加到……5.使不进入,防止进入6.开始做,着手干,进行吧7.安静点8.过去常常9.在过去的二十年里10.要么……要么……11.为……感到骄傲12.理应,应当put…inorderthinkoffindoutadd…to…keep…outofgoaheadkeepthenoisedownusedtointhelasttwentyyearseither…or…beproudofbesupposedtoⅢ.佳句再现1.______________theearth’ssurfaceiswater.地球表面三分之二是水2.Theearthis_______________________themoon.地球是月球的五十倍3.Itishard__________aworldwithoutmetals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界4.I’mgoingto_____Montreal___OttawaUniversityasboth_______________havegoodPhysicsDepartment.我要么去蒙特利尔大学,要么去渥太华大学,因为两个大学都有不错的物理系词汇学习1 expand v.[causesth.tobecomegreaterinsizenumberorimportance]膨胀,扩大,增强;扩展,展开expansionn.扩张,扩展,膨胀【易混辨析】expand和extend1expandvt.vi.强调“使尺寸、数字或数量等扩大,增加,扩大活动范围”如Atyreexpandswhenyoupumpairintoit.如果你往轮胎里充气,它就会膨胀Ourforeigntradehasexpandedgreatlyinrecentyears.我国的对外贸易近年来已有极大发展2extendvt.vi.强调“时间、空间等的延伸、延展”如Theroadextendsformilesandmiles.这条路向远处绵延伸展Canyouextendyourvisitafewdayslonger你能多停留几天吗?【活学活用】1Whynottryto________yourstoryintoanovel你为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢?2Metal_______whenitisheated.金属加热之后就会膨胀3Theheadmaster________ourholidaybyfourdays.校长将我们的假期延长了4天 2 conclusion n.结论,推论;结尾,结束1concludev. 推断出,断定,做结论;使结束2cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论jumptoaconclusion匆匆忙忙作出结论inconclusion最后,总之【活学活用】I____________________________________________thathe’dbeenlying.我断定他是在说谎3 balance n.平衡v.平衡;权衡,使保持平衡1keep/loseone’sbalance保持/失去平衡keepthebalanceofnature/one’smind保持自然界/心态的平衡2balanceAagainstB权衡A与B的重要性balanceAwith/andB平衡好A与B【活学活用】1Wemustlearnto______________________________.我们必须学会平衡好工作与休息2Youhaveto_____________________oflivinginabigcity_______thedisadvantages.你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊 4 equipment n.[U]设备,装备1apieceofequipment一件设备2beequippedfor准备好,对……有准备beequipped_____装备有,配备有【易混辨析】equipment和facilityequipment和facility都可译作“设备”,“器材”1equipment是不可数名词,指用于某一特殊目的的东西——供给品,装备等thetoolsmachinesclothesetc.thatyouneedtodoaparticularjoboractivity如medicalequipment2facility是可数名词,常用复数形式facilities指为特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利,包括设备、建筑物和服务等roomsequipmentorservicesthatareprovidedforaparticularpurpose如sports/leisurefacilities【活学活用】1Thegovernmenthasgivenalotof___________toourschool.政府已为我们学校配备了很多设备2Theroom_______________airconditioners.这个房间装有空调设备3Thisisafivestarhotelwithfantastic_______.这是一家五星级饭店,设施完善 5 ordinary adj.普通的,平常的;平淡无奇的【易混辨析】ordinarycommonusual和normal四个词都含“普通的”意思1ordinary与众多同类的东西相比强调“普通的”,“平淡无奇的”如ordinarypeoplelikeyouandme像你我一样的普通人2common强调“因为常见而普通”,也可指“共同的,共有的”如commonsense常识commonefforts共同的努力havesth.incommonwithsb./sth.和……有共同之处incommonwithsb./sth.共同,共有,与……一样Snowiscommonincoldcountries.在寒冷的国家雪是常见的3usual通常的,惯常的,强调“经常性或与习惯有关”asusual像往常一样Shearrivedlaterthanusual.她到得比平常晚Asusualthereweren’tmanypeopleatthemeeting.像往常一样,来开会的人不多4normal正常的,常态的,往往指“合乎某种标准的,或在正常情况下应有的”如normaltemperature正常体温/温度above/belownormal标准以上/下returntonormal恢复正常【活学活用】1Weweredressedupforthepartybutshewasstillinher________clothes.我们都为聚会乔装打扮,但她仍然穿着平常的衣服2It’s________tofeeltiredaftersuchalongtrip.长途旅行之后感到累是正常的3Smithisavery_______lastnameinEngland.在英国史密斯是很常见的姓4Shallwemeetatthe_______timeandplace我们在老地方老时间见面好吗?5_______________manypeopleheprefersclassicalmusictopop.和许多人一样,和流行音乐相比,他更喜欢古典音乐1 add…to… 把……加到……addto 增加addsth.up把……加起来addupto总计为,总数达;结果是addthat补充说【温馨提示】addto表示“增加了……”时,后面常跟抽象名词,如addtoourdifficulties增加了我们的困难;而add…to…意思是“把……加到……”,常跟具体的名词另外add表示“补充说,又说”时,也是常考点,需要重点记忆【活学活用】1Ifyou____4__5youwillget
9.四加五等于九2Hewrotedowntheweightofeachstoneand__________________________.他把每一块石头的重量记下来,然后把所有的重量加在一起3Hergracefulmanner________herbeauty.她优雅的举止增加了她的美丽 2 keepsb.outofsth. 把……关在外面;阻止……入内;不参加;不进去1keepaway_____使远离,保持距离keepoff使避开;不让接近2keep___使保持、维持在同一水平;使不低落;继续keepupwith跟上,不落后keep______控制,抑制;隐瞒;留/扣下;阻碍某人发展keeptotheroad/thepoint/one’spromise不偏离道路/主题/遵守诺言【易混辨析】keepawayfromkeepoff和keep…outof…keepawayfrom与keepoff意义接近,但前者强调“保持距离”,而后者强调“不接近,不碰触”keep…outof…则强调“保持在……之外”,还可以引申为“置身于……之外,不参与,不干涉”如Itoldthechildrentokeepawayfromthefire.我让孩子们离火远点Keepyourhandsoffme!把你的手拿开,不要碰我Outsidetheroomisasignsaying“Danger:Keepout.”房间外面有个标志提醒“危险,请勿入内”【活学活用】用keep相关短语的正确形式填空1Foodproductionisnot_______________populationgrowth.2You’dbetter___________theirquarrel.3Thenoticesaid“_________thegrass.”4Igotthefeelingthathewas_______something_____fromus.5Shewasstrugglingto___________thetears.6Whenyouarevisitingtheparkyoumust_______itsrules.7Dosomethingto________yourspirits.3 goahead usedtogivesb.permissiontodosth.orletthemspeakbeforeyou说吧,干吧,开始做;tobecarriedout;takeplace发生,进行;走在前面,先走go_______ 违背,对……不利;与……相反goallouttodo/forsth.全力以赴做某事go___时间过去;依据,遵循godown下降,降低goup上升,房屋建立起来goon继续;发生,进行;时间过去goonwithsth.继续做某事goondoing继续做原来的事goontodo接着做另外一件事【活学活用】用go相关短语的正确形式填空1—DoyoumindifIopenthewindow—No___________.2Thebuildingofthenewbridgewill_________asplanned.3Thecompanywill___________improvenextyear’ssales.4Shewasscaredto___________herfather’swishes.5Astheweeks_______________Ibecamemoreandmoreworried.6Newbuildingsare________allaroundthetown. 4 usedtodo happenedregularlyorallthetimeinthepastbutdoesnothappennow过去常常做某事be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于beusedtodo被用来做【易混辨析】usedto和would1usedto多有“过去如此,现在不这样”的对比含义,不与一段时间状语连用2would多表示过去习惯性的动作,常与具体的时间状语连用,或与oftensometimes或forhours连用如Hewouldalwaysbethefirsttooffertohelp.他总是会第一个主动提出帮助【注意事项】1疑问式Usedyouto…?/Didyouuseto…?否定式usednotto/usedn’tto/didn’tuseto2usedto后的不定式可以承前省略到to但若后面是be则be需保留如Heisnotanactor.Butheusedtobe.【活学活用】1__________________andtakeanhour’swalkbeforebreakfast.我过去常常早起,并且在早餐前散步一小时2He_____________________inthecountry.他已习惯于住在乡下3Bamboo_______________________.竹子可以被用来造纸 5 beproudof 对……感到自豪beproudtodo/that对……感到自豪takepride__以……感到自豪;对……感到得意【活学活用】1He______________________hischildren’sachievements.他为孩子们的成就感到骄傲2_____________yourfriend.做你的朋友我感到骄傲 6 besupposedtodosth. 被期望或被要求按规则、惯例等做某事,理应Suppose/Supposingthat…假设,如果……引导条件状语从句,相当于if【活学活用】1You____________________here.你不应该呆在这儿2_____________________________canweplaythematchindoors要是下雨的话,我们在室内比赛行吗?1 Itishardtothinkofaworldwithoutmetals. 很难想象一个没有金属的世界句型公式Itis+adj.+todosth.做某事…… 【句式点拨】在该句型中it用作形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式【相关拓展】1Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.对于某人来说做某事……在该句式中,作表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质和特点常见的形容词有easyimportantdifficultpossiblenecessary等2Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.某人做某事……在该句式中,作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格或性质常见的形容词有kindnicegoodhonestcarefulcleverwisestupidfoolishrude等3Itis+adj./n.+that…做某事……it作形式主语,that从句作真正的主语【活学活用】1________________tolosethreepairsofglasses.你丢了三副眼镜真是太粗心了2___________________meet我们非见面不可吗?3_______________hedidn’tcometoourparty.很遗憾他没来参加我们的聚会2 Thecloseryouarethemoreyou’llsee.你靠得越近,看到的就越多句型公式“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构该结构表示“越……就越……”,前面“the+比较级”相当于一个条件状语从句 【温馨提示】该句型中,比较级的后面如果修饰了名词,则要把这个名词和比较级一起放到最前面,后面跟句子的其余部分如Theharderyouworkthemoreprogressyouwillmake.你越努力,取得的进步就会越大【活学活用】Themorecarefulyouare___________________________intheexperiment.你越小心,在实验中犯的错误就越少Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Youmayimaginetheir_________惊讶的lookwhentheyfindtheroomempty.2.Thehotelhasitsownpoolandleisuref_______.3.Iwonderhowtheaudiencer_____tohisspeech.4.Boatsf____inthedirectionofwindiftheyarenotcontrolled.5.It’scommonsensethaticef____whenwaterfreezes.Ⅱ.选词填空thinkofaddtoput…inordereither…orbeproudof1.Manywordshave_____________thiseditionofthedictionary.
2._____you___heisthenexttobeonduty.3.It’shard_________aworldwithoutelectricity.4.I___________theachievementsyou’vemadetheseyears.5.Nowit’stimeforyouto___yourlife________.Ⅲ.单项填空1.[2010·全国卷Ⅱ]Thedoctorthought_______wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it【解析】D 考查代词用法辨析it用作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语2.[2011·辽宁卷]—Iprobablyshouldn’thaveanymorecake.—Oh,________.Itwon’tkillyou.A.goaheadB.holdonpleaseC.you’rewelcomeD.that’lldo【解析】A 本题考查交际用语句意“我可能不应该再吃蛋糕了”“噢,吃吧撑不着你”goahead吃吧,做吧,继续;holdon别挂断;you’rewelcome不用谢;that’lldo可以了,行了尤用以制止某人做或说某事物3.Englishis________hardformeandPhysicsis________harder.A.alittle;alotB.alot;alittleC.abit;moreD.rather;agreatdealof【解析】A 四个选项中alittleabit和rather都可以修饰形容词但是只有alotalittle和agreatdeal可以修饰比较级4.Inmyopinionlifeinthetwentyfirstcenturyismucheasierthan________.A.thatusedtobeB.itisusedtoC.itwasusedtoD.itusedtobe【解析】D 本题考查usedtodo本句意为“在我看来,21世纪的生活比过去容易多了”usedtodo过去曾经;it代指前面的“生活”
5.________fromashortstorythenovelisverypopularwithchildren.A.ExpandedB.ToexpandC.ExpandingD.Tobeexpanded【解析】A 主语thenovel是expand动作的承受者,所以用过去分词作状语6.LongagotheupperclassesherespokeFrenchwhilethe________peoplespokeEnglish.A.ordinaryB.nativeC.lowerD.simple【解析】A 本题考查形容词词义辨析native意为“本国的,本地的”,lower意为“较低的”,simple意为“简单的”句中theupperclasses意思是“上层社会,贵族阶层”,与其相对应的应为ordinarypeople“普通大众”7.InthenearfutureChinawillincreasesupplyofsmallerhouses________tohelplowincomefamiliestobuyhousesoftheirown.A.aimsB.beingaimedC.aimingD.havingaimed【解析】C 考查非谓语动词aimtodo目的是,打算做某事aim与句子主语之间是主动关系,因此用现在分词8.Theengineoftheshipwasoutoforderandthebadweather________thehelplessnessofthecrewatsea.A.addedtoB.resultedfromC.turnedoutD.madeup【解析】A 本题考查动词短语的区别addto增加;resultfrom起因于;turnout证明为,结果;makeup补足,编造句意轮船的发动机出了故障,这已经是一个困难,而恶劣的天气,就更加让船员无助9.Inmyopinionlearningislifelongandthemoreknowledgeyouget________.A.themoreforlifeareyouequippedB.themoreequipmentforlifeyouhaveC.themorelifeyouareequippedforD.youareequippedthemorelife【解析】B 在themore…themore…句型中,themore后面紧接所修饰名词,再跟句子其余部分10.[2011·辽宁卷]WhatareyoudoingoutofbedTomYou’re________tobeasleep.A.supposedB.knownC.thoughtD.considered【解析】A 本题考查动词短语辨析根据句意“汤姆,你不在床上,在干什么?你________在睡觉”四个选项分别意为“应该”、“被认识,被作为”、“被考虑”与“被考虑为”,由句意可知答案为A。