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课题名词授课日期及时段教学目的掌握名词分类重点掌握可数名词变复数熟悉名词所有格用法
4.了解名词其它用法教学内容
1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类
1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写如BeijingTomthePeople’sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语则必须使用定冠词the如theGreatWall长城姓氏名如果采用复数形式则表示该姓氏一家人复数含义如theGreens格林一家人
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称如pupilfamilymanfoot.普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词如boxchildorange;▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词如waternewsoilpopulationinformation.
2、英语可数名词的单复数英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下
①在单数名词词尾加s如map→mapsboy→boyshorse→horsestable→tables.
②soxshch结尾的词加es.如class→classesbox→boxeshero→heroesdish→dishesbench→benches.[注]少数以o结尾的词变复数时只加s如photo→photospiano→pianos.
③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y为i再加es如family→familiescity→citiesparty→parties.
④以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v再加es如shelf→shelveswolf→wolveslife→livesknife→knives.
2、不规则变化man→menwoman→womensheep→sheeptooth→teethfish→fishchild→childrenox→oxengoose→geese不可数名词一般没有复数形式说明其数量时要用有关计量名词如abagofrice→twobagsofriceapieceofpaper→threepiecesofpaperabottleofmilk→fivebottlesofmilk.
3、名词所有格名词所有格表示所属关系相当于物主代词在句中作定语、宾语或主语其构成法如下1表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s如Childern’sDay儿童节mysister’sbook我姐姐的书2以s或es结尾的复数名词只在词尾加’如Teachers’Day教师节3有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词也可在词尾加’s.如today’snewspaper今天的报纸tenminutes’break十分钟的课间休息China’spopulation中国的人口.4无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系如afinedaughteroftheParty党的好女儿.
2、[注解]
①‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺如myaunt’s我阿姨家thedoctor’s诊所
②两人共有某物时可以采用AandB’s的形式如LucyandLily’sbedroom露西和丽丽合住的卧室
③“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格如afriendofmyfather’s我父亲的一位朋友afriendofmine我的一位朋友
4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题
1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致即主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时谓语动词用单数形式如Thecomputerwasagreatinvention.计算机是个了不起的发明Thewaterintheglassisverycold.玻璃杯里的水很冷
2、集体名词如familyclassteamgrouprowpoliceschool等做句子主语时如果表示整体概念则谓语用单数形式如ClassThreeisaverygoodclass.三班是好班如果表示其中的所有成员时则谓语用复数形式如ClassThreehaveamapofChina.三班有张中国地图
3、ChineseJapanesefishsheeppeople等表示单个时谓语用单数表示许多时谓语用复数如Thereisasheepintheyard.院子里有只绵羊/Therearesomesheepintheyard.院子里有一些绵羊
4、mathsnews等虽然有s结尾但不是复数因此谓语仍用单数Thenewsisveryexciting.这个消息令人兴奋
5、glassesshoessockstrousersgloves等名词往往用复数形式故谓语用复数如ThetrousersareverycheapandIwanttotakethem.裤子很便宜我想买
6、alotof后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式如Alotofstudentsareplayingbaseballnow.现在有许多学生在打垒球Alotoftimewaswastedonthatwork.大量的时间花在了那个工作上被动句
7、and连接两个名词做主语时谓语原则上用复数但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时谓语则用单数如Theteacherandhissonarepickingapplesnow.老师和他的儿子在摘苹果/Fishandchipsisveryfamousfood.鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品
8、therebe句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定如Thereisatableandfourchairsintheroom.房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子
9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时谓语一般用复数如BothyouandIarerequiredtobeheretomorrow.你和我明天要求都来
10、主语中含有with的短语时谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定如Awomanwitha7-year-oldchildwasstandingatthesideoftheroad.一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子当时就站在路边
11、either…or…或者neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时谓语采用就近原则如Eitheryouorheisright.要么是你对要么是他对/你和他有一个人是对的/NeitheryounorIamgoingthere.你和我都不打算去那里
12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时谓语一般用单数如Twomonthsisnotashorttime.两个月不是个短时间Twothousandkilometersisquitealongdistance距离.两千千米是相当长的一段距离
13、主语中含有halfof…/threequartersof…/allofthe….等词语时谓语的单复数由名词确定如OverthreequartersoftheinformationontheInternetisinEnglish.因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的/Athirdofthestudentswereplayingnearthelake.学生的三分之一当时正在湖边玩耍/Allofthewaterintheserivershasbeenpolluted.这些河流中的水已经被污染了被动句但是population一词又有特殊情况What’sthepopulationofChina中国人口是多少?句子用单数/ThreequartersofthepopulationinthiscityareArabs阿拉伯人.这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人句子用复数
5、部分名词用法辨析
1、sport、game、match、race的区别sport通常指“户外运动”以锻炼为主概念较大;game意思是“运动、比赛”不管户内户外还是脑力体力指以胜负为主的运动;match意为“竞赛、比赛”多指正式比赛;race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”如Peopleallaroundtheworldenjoysports.全世界的人都喜爱运动/The2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijing.2008奥运会将在北京举行被动句/Ourschoolfootballteamwontheleaguematch联赛.我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军/Theywerestrongandwontheboatrace.汤他们很棒赢得了划艇比赛
2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别festival“节日”指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动;holiday假日、休息日指法定假日或风俗习惯复数可以表示一个较长的假期;vacation“假期”指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息如TheShanghaiTelevisionFestivalwillbeheldnextmonth.上海电视节将在下个月举行/Sundayisaholidayandmostpeopledonotwork.星期天是个假日多数人不工作/Whatareyougoingtododuringthesummervacation/holidays在暑期你打算做什么事情?
3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别journey指在陆地上或海上或空中进行的长途旅行不知终点含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行强调游览多处常用来指观光等;trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行如出差度假等;travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行尤其指到国外没有明确目的地也作不可数名词指旅行这一行为如HemadeuphismindtomakethejourneytoDunhuang.他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行/Hehasgoneonawalkingtour.他步行观光去了/HetookseveraltripstoShanghailastyeaar.去年他去了上海好几次/DidyougotoSantiago圣地亚哥duringyourtravels旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗?/Travellingthroughthickforestsisdangerous.在密林里边穿行是很危险的
4、sound、noise、voice的区别sound指各种声音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”如Thenoiseofthestreetkeptmeawakeinthenight.街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠/Allofasuddentherewasthesoundofshotsandacry.突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫/Thesingerhaslostherringingvoiceasaresultofabadcold.因为感冒的缘故这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音
5、fish的问题指许多条鱼且不管种类时用fish单复数相同;fishes指许多种类的鱼;fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词如Therearemanykindsoffishesinthepool.池子里有很多种类的鱼/Ipreferfishtomeat.与肉相比我更喜欢鱼【笔记整理】{快乐练习}
一、写出下列名词的复数形式branchcherrychimneychurchdeskdiarydressgooseherohoopleaflibrarymapoxpagepeachpolicemanradioschoolsheepstoryfoodiceworksnowraincoffeeteaadvicesaltsandnewsmeatporktomatostrawberrytoothtoywaitresswatch
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空Doyouwantsome___________forsupperpotatoHehasgottwo_______boxofchocolatesforhisbirthday.Theywanttogetsome_________applejuicefortomorrow’spicnic.The________studentarecleaningthe_________deskand_________chairnow.MayIhavesome__________beerThelittleboyisthrowingsome_________paperontheground.Therearetwo___________libraryinourschool.Therearesixteen__________classinNo.1School.Jackhasn’tgotany___________homeworktoday.His_______sisterliketodrinkcoffee.Howmany___________childarethereintheartroomHowmany___________labarethereinyourschoolOurmorning___________classstartat8:
00.Peter’s_______sheeparewhiteandfat.Thebig_______branchareveryhigh.Therearesome___________onthetable.glass【笔记整理】课后练习
二一、用所给单词的适当形式填空Therearetwo______________boxofsweetsinthebag.Wherearethe_______mouseThey’reoverthere.Wherearethe___________birdThey’reonthebranches.Wherearethe_____________Theyareinthedesk.schoolbagArethose_______________busHehastwo__________________knife.Where’sJackfromHeisfrom______British.Howmany______classhaveyougotinyourschoolHowmany____________________arethereinyourclassstudentThe______________postmanatthegateareChinese.My_________________JapannameisSato.These _____be a lot of water in the glass.How many_____watch are there in this shopShe is 10 ________year old.Howmany________toothhaveyougotThere are six ______lady by the river .Bill likes ______fruit very much .These are _______wolf.Those ______library are nice.
二、将下列句子改为复数句ThisteacherinredisfromChina.This is an old bridge. There is a shelf in the office. He has got a little paper.ThereisadishonthedeskThis teacher in red is from China. IsthatgirlyourfriendWhosecoatisit【笔记整理】课后练习
三一、用所给单词的适当形式填空There ________be not anytelephones on the table.Are there any ______knife in your pencil-boxChina and Canada are big _____country. Those _______woman are from Japan.Therearetwo_______inourschool.libraryHowmany_______haveyougotinayearholidayWhohasgotanew_________knivesTherearethree________overthree.policemanThere___________befewpeopleintheplayground.Pleasebuysome_________breadforme.Thereareten_________candleonJane’sbirthdaycake.Therearethreekindsof_________drinkhere.WhichonedoyouwantTherearetwo_________knifeinthepencilbox.Ihavetwo_______hobby:collectingstampsandreadingnovels.MrSmithloveshis___________verymuch.studentHowmany_____________gotoHuangshaneverydaybusI’dliketotake___________photoverymuch.His_______ChinanameisWangLong.
二、将下列句子改为单数句Thoseareoranges.Theseareourboxes.TheseareAmericanboys.There are many pupils in the street.Therearealotoforangesinthegarden.There are three children in her family.ThesewomenareAmericans.TheseoldmenarefromJapan.【笔记整理】课后练习四选择填空
1..Thereissomesweet____________onthetable.A.orangeB.milkC.cakeD.apple
2.How many ______ are there in Miss Li’s familyA. people B.peoples C. man D. mans
3.Are there many _______over thereA. ladies and man B. ladies and menC.lady and men D. ladies and mans
4.SueandRose___________________.A.aresisterB.isasisterC.sistersD.aresisters
5.Thetwinsingreen______________my________________.A.is…studentsB.are…studentC.is…studentD.are…students
6.MaryandJaneare_______________.A.twinsistersB.twinsisterC.twinssistersD.twinssister
7.--How is his______ ---She’s finethank you. A.twin sisters B. twin sisterC. twins sister D. twins sisters
8.IntheafternoonSusanhasalotof_____________todo.A.muchworkB.workC.worksD.muchworks
9.The _________beside the door are American.A. postman B. postmansC.postmen D.postmens
10.TheChinesehavegotblack______.A.haresB.hairC.hairsD.hair’s
11.John is in ______.A. Grade six B. grade six C.grade Six D. Grade Six
12.They are ______. They aren’t _______.A.JapanChina B. JapaneseChineseC.JapaneseChina D. JapanChiaese
13.MrBlackisfrom______.A.JapaneseB.FrenchC.RussianD.London【笔记整理】。