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福师1108考试批次《高级英语阅读二》复习题一及参考答案教学中心专业学号姓名成绩注考试时间为100分钟,答案写在答题纸上本复习题页码标注所用教材为教材名称作者出版社版次定价 高级英语阅读材料一 林宇 如学员使用其他版本教材,请参考相关知识点I.Readingcomprehension:60%Passage1APPETITEOneofthemajorpleasuresinlifeisappetiteandoneofourmajordutiesshouldbetopreserveit.Appetiteisthekeennessofliving;itisoneofthesensesthattellsyouthatyouarestillcurioustoexistthatyoustillhaveanedgeonyourlongingsandwanttobiteintotheworldandtasteitsmultitudinousflavoursandjuices.ByappetiteofcourseIdontmeanjustthelustforfoodbutanyconditionofunsatisfieddesireanyburninginthebloodthatprovesyouwantmorethanyouvegotandthatyouhaventyetusedupyourlife.Wildesaidhefeltsorryforthosewhonevergottheirheartsdesirebutsorrierstillforthosewhodid.IgotmineonceonlyanditnearlykilledmeandIvealwayspreferredwantingtohavingsince.Forappetitetomeisthisstateofwantingwhichkeepsonesexpectationsalive.IrememberlearningthislessonlongagoasachildwhentreatsandorgieswerefewandwhenIdiscoveredthatthegreatestpitchofhappinesswasnotinactuallyeatingatoffeebutingazingatitbeforehand.Truethefirstbitewasdeliciousbutoncethetoffeewasgoneonewasleftwithnothingneithertoffeenorlust.Besidesthewholetoffeenessoftoffeeswasimperceptiblydiminishedbythegrossactofhavingeatenit.Nothebestwasinwaningitinsittingandlookingatitwhenonetastedaninexhaustibletreasure-houseofflavours.Soformeoneofthekeenestpleasuresofappetiteremainsinthewantingnotthesatisfaction.Inwantingapeachorawhiskyoraparticulartextureorsoundortobewithaparticularfriend.ForinthisconditionofcourseIknowthattheobjectofdesireisalwaysatitsmostflawlesslyperfect.WhichiswhyIwouldcarrythepreservationofappetitetotheextentofdeliberatefastingsimplybecauseIthinkthatappetiteistoogoodtolosetooprecioustobebludgeonedintoinsensibilitybysatiationandover-doingit.ForthatmatterIdontreallywantthreesquaremealsaday--Iwantonehugedeliciousorgiastictable-groaningblowoutsayeveryfourdaysandthennotbetoosurewherethenextoneiscomingfrom.Adayoffastingisnotformejustapuritanicaldevicefordenyingoneselfapleasurebutratherawayofanticipatingararermomentofsupremeindulgence.Fastingisanactofhomagetothemajestyofappetite.SoIthinkweshouldarrangetogiveupourpleasuresregularly--ourfoodourfriendsourlovers--inordertopreservetheirintensityandthemomentofcomingbacktothem.Forthisisthemomentthatrenewsandrefreshesbothoneselfandthethingoneloves.SailorsandtravelersenjoyedthisonceandsodidhuntersIsuppose.Partofthewearinessofmodernlifemaybethatwelivetoomuchontopofeachotherandareentertainedandfedtooregularly.Oncewewereseparatedbyhungerbothfromourfoodandfamiliesandthenwelearnedtovalueboth.Themenwentoffhuntingandthedogswentwiththem;thewomenandchildrenwavedgoodbye.Thecavewasemptyofmenfordaysonend;nobodyateorknewwhattodo.Thewomencrouchedbythefirethewetsmokeintheireyes;thechildrenwailed;everybodywashungry.Thenonenighttherewereshoutsandthebarkingofdogsfromthehillsandthemencamebackloadedwithmeat.Thiswasthegreatreunionandeverybodygorgedthemselvessillyandappetitecameintoitsown;thelong-awaitedmealbecameafeasttorememberandanalmostsacredcelebrationoflife.Nowwegoofftotheofficeandcomehomeintheeveningstocheapchickenandfrozenpeas.Verynicebuttoomuchofittooeasyandregularservedupwithouteffortorwanting.Weeatwearelucky;ourfacesareshiningwithfatbutwedontknowthepleasureofbeinghungryanymore.Toomuchofanything--toomuchmusicentertainmenthappysnacksortimespentwithonesfriendscreatesakindofimpotenceoflivingbywhichonecannolongerhearortasteorseeorloveorremember.Lifeisshortandpreciousandappetiteisoneofitsguardiansandlossofappetiteisasortofdeath.Soifwearetoenjoythisshortlifeweshouldrespectthedivinityofappetiteandkeepiteagerandnottoomuchblunted.ItisalongtimenowsinceIknewthatacutemomentofblissthatcomesfromputtingparchedlipstoacupofcoldwater.Thespringsarestilltheretobeenjoyed--alloneneedsistheoriginalthirst.Choosethebestoneaccordingtotheselection:
1.Theauthorusestheword“appetite”inthesenseofA.thelustforfood.B.thedesireforlove.C.theunsatisfieddesireforanything.D.thelongingforfriendship.
2.Whatleadstheauthortosay“I’vealwayspreferredwantingtohavingsince”A.Hehadbeenhurtbythesatisfactionofhisdesire.B.Heneverhadanydesire.C.Henevergothisheart’sdesire.D.BothBandC.
3.Modernlifeisfullofweariness.AllthefollowingarethereasonsexceptthatA.peopleareimpotent.B.theyareseldomseparatedfromtheirfamilies.C.theyaretoowellandregularlyfed.D.theyhavetoomuchentertainment.
4.ItisourmajordutytopreserveappetitebecauseA.satisfactionisbetterthanwanting.B.itisourmajorpleasure.C.wecannotlivewithoutit.D.therearelargeamountofflavorinlife.
5.Whichofthefollowingisthebestparaphraseofthephrase“aninexhaustibletreasure-houseofflavors”A.Agreatamountofproperty.B.Satisfieddesires.C.Anever-lastingappetite.D.Plentyofdelicious.
6.InthepreservationofappetitethebestonecandoistoA.haveitfullysatisfied.B.bludgeonitintoinsensibility.C.Under-doit.D.practicefasting.
7.TheauthordoesnotwantthreesatisfyingmealsadaybecauseA.heisnotsureofthefuture.B.hewantstopreservehisappetite.C.hewantstodenyhimselfpleasures.D.hisappetiteisatitsmostflawlesslyperfect.
8.“Fastingisanactofhomagetothemajestyofappetite”.ThisimpliesthatfastingisA.alogicaloutcomeofappetite.B.tocontrolappetite.C.awaytoanticipateamomentofindulgence.D.respectableforappetite.
9.InordertorenewandrefreshthethingonelovesoneshouldA.beseparatedfromittopreserveitsintensity.B.giveitup.C.anticipatethemomentofcomingbacktoit.D.learntovalueit.
10.Bythe“originalthirst”theauthormeansthatA.inthebeginningmanwasthirsty.B.inthebeginningmanhadagoodappetite.C.manwasoriginallysinful.D.man’slifewasoriginallyshort.Trueorfalse
11.Wildfeltsorriestforthosewhoneverhadtheirdesiresatisfied.
12.Theflavoroftoffeesisgoneonceyouhaveeatenit.
13.Wevaluefoodandfamiliesonlywhenwearewiththem.
14.Itisimportantforlifetohavemuchofanything.
15.Inordertoenjoytheshortlifeweshouldhaveasmuchofanythingaspossible.参考答案1-5CAABB6-10CBDAB11-15FTFFFPassage2There’sasimplepremisebehindwhatLarryMyersdoesforaliving:Ifyoucansmellityoucanfindit. MyersisthefounderofAuburnUniversitysInstituteforBiologicalDetectionSystemsthemaintaskofwhichistochasetheultimateindetectiondevices-anartificialnose. Fornowthesubjectoftheirresearchislittlemorethanastackofgleamingchipstuckedawayinalaboratorydrawer.Butsoonsuchatoolcouldbehangingfromthebeltsofpolicearson纵火investigatorsandfood-safetyinspectors. Thetechnologythattheyareworkingonwouldsuggestquitereasonablythatwithinthreetofiveyearswellhavesomeworkablesensorsreadytouse.Suchdevicesmightfindwideuseinplacesthatattractterrorists.Policecoulddetectdrugsbodiesandbombshiddenincarswhilefoodinspectorscouldeasilytestfoodandwaterforcontamination. Theimplicationsforrevolutionaryadvancesinpublicsafetyandthefoodindustryareastonishing.Butsotooarethepossibilitiesforabuse:Suchmachinescoulddeterminewhetherawomanisovulating排卵withoutaphysicalexam-orevenherknowledge. OneofthetraditionalprotectorsofAmericanlibertyisthatithasbeenimpossibletosearcheveryone.That’sgettingnottobethecase. ArtificialbiosensorscreatedatAuburnworktotallydifferentlyfromanythingeverseenbefore.AromaScanforexampleisadesktopmachinebasedonabankofchipssensitivetospecificchemicalsthatevaporateintotheair.Asairissuckedintothemachinechemicalspassoverthesensorsurfacesandproducechangesintheelectricalcurrentflowingthroughthem.Thosecurrentchangesareloggedintoacomputerthatsortsoutodorsbasedontheirelectricalsignatures. Myerssaystheyexpecttoloadasinglefingernail-sizechipwiththousandsofodorreceptors感受器enoughtocreateasensorthatsnearlyassensitiveasadogsnose.
16.Whichofthefollowingiswithinthecapacityoftheartificialnosebeingdeveloped A.Performingphysicalexaminations. B.Locatingplaceswhichattractterrorists. C.Detectingdrugsandwatercontamination. D.Monitoringfoodprocessing.
17.Apotentialproblemwhichmightbecausedbytheuseofanartificialnoseis.A.negligenceofpublicsafetyB.anabuseofpersonalfreedomC.ahazardtophysicalhealth D.athreattoindividualprivacy
18.ThewordloggedLine5Para.7mostprobablymeans. A.presetB.enteredC.processedD.simulated
19.Toproduceartificialnosesforpracticaluseitisessential. A.todevelopmicrochipswiththousandsofodorreceptors B.toinventchipssensitivetovariouschemicals C.todesignacomputerprogramtosortoutsmells D.tofindchemicalsthatcanaltertheelectricalcurrentpassingthrough
20.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsLarryMyersworkis.A.cautiousB.approvingC.suspiciousD.overenthusiastic参考答案CDBABPassage3Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxietybutstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperimentforexamplebehavioralimmunologist免疫学家MarkLaudenslagerattheUniversityofDenvergavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosurewhiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstratedhebelievesisthatlackofcontroloveraneventnottheexperienceitselfiswhatweakenstheimmunesystem. Otherresearchersagree.JayWeissapsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicinehasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidontdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedrats.Butiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolovertheylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrol.Suchfindingsreinforcepsychologistssuspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression. Oneofthemoststartlingexamplesofhowthemindcanaltertheimmuneresponsewasdiscoveredbychance.In1975psychologistRobertAderattheUniversityofRochesterSchoolofMedicineconditioned使形成条件反射micetoavoidsaccharin(糖精)bysimultaneouslyfeedingthemthesweetenerandinjectingthemwithadrugthatwhilesuppressingtheirimmunesystemscausedstomachupsets.Associatingthesaccharinwiththestomachpainsthemicequicklylearnedtoavoidthesweetener.InordertoextinguishthisdislikeforthesweetenerAderre-exposedtheanimalstosaccharinthistimewithoutthedrugandwasastonishedtofindthatthosemicethathadreceivedthehighestamountsofsweetenerduringtheirearlierconditioningdied.Hecouldonlyspeculatethathehadsosuccessfullyconditionedtheratsthatsaccharinalonenowservedtoweakentheirimmunesystemsenoughtokillthem.
21.Laudenslager’sexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricity.A.wasstrengthenedB.wasnotaffectedC.wasalteredD.wasweakened
22.Accordingtothepassagetheexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratsto. A.trytocontrolunpleasantstimuliB.turnofftheelectricity C.behavepassivelyincontrollablesituationsD.becomeabnormallysuspicious
23.ThereasonwhythemiceinAdersexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthat. A.theydislikeditstasteB.itaffectedtheirimmunesystems C.itledtostomachpainsD.theyassociateditwithstomachaches
24.ThepassagetellsusthatthemostprobablereasonforthedeathofthemiceinAdersexperimentwasthat. A.theyhadbeenweakenedpsychologicallybythesaccharin B.thesweetenerwaspoisonoustothem C.theirimmunesystemshadbeenalteredbythemind D.theyhadtakentoomuchsweetenerduringearlierconditioning
25.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheimmunesystemsofanimals. A.canbeweakenedbyconditioningB.canbesuppressedbydruginjectionsC.canbeaffectedbyfrequentdosesofsaccharinD.canbealteredbyelectricshocks参考答案BCDCAPassage4Britishuniversitiesgroaningundertheburdenofahugeincreaseinstudentnumbersarewarningthatthetraditionofafreeeducationisatrisk.Theuniversitieshavethreatenedtoimposeanadmissionfeeonstudentstoplugagapinrevenueifthegovernmentdoesnotacttoimprovetheirfinancesandscrapsomepublicspendingcutbacks.Thegovernmentrespondedtotheuniversities’threatbysettingupthemostfundamentalreviewofhighereducationforagenerationunderanon-partytroubleshooter调停人SirRonDearing.Oneinthreeschool-leaversentershighereducationfivetimesthenumberwhenthelastreviewtookplacethirtyyearsago.Everyoneagreesasystemthatisfeelingthestrainafterrapidexpansionneedsalotmoremoney-butthereislittlehopeofgettingitfromthetaxpayerandnotmuchscopeforattractingmorefinancefrombusiness.MostcollegesbelievestudentsshouldcontributetotuitioncostssomethingthatiscommonelsewhereintheworldbutwouldmarkarevolutionarychangeinBritain.Universitieswantthegovernmenttointroducealoanschemefortuitionfeesandhavesuspendedtheirownthreatenedactionfornow.TheyawaitDearing’sadvicehopingitwillnotbetoolate–somearealreadyreportedtobeinfinancialdifficulty.Asthecenturynearsitsendthewholeconceptofwhatauniversityshouldbeisunderthemicroscope.Expertsponderhowmuchtheycanusecomputersinsteadofclassroomstalkoftheneedforlifelongleaningandrefertostudentsas“consumers.TheConfederation联盟ofBritishIndustrythekeyemployers’organizationwantsevenmoreexpansioninhighereducationtohelpfightcompetitiononworldmarketsfromboomingAsianeconomies.Butthegovernmenthasdoubtsaboutmoreexpansion.TheTimesnewspaperagreescomplainingthatqualityhassufferedasstudentnumberssoaredwithclosetutorialsupervisiongivingwayto“massproductionmethodsmoretypicalofEuropeanuniversities.”
26.ThechiefconcernofBritishuniversitiesis_______.a.howtotackletheirpresentfinancialdifficultyb.howtoexpandtheenrollmenttomeettheneedsofenterprisesc.howtoimprovetheireducationaltechnologyd.howtoputanendtothecurrenttendencyofqualitydeterioration
27.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatinBritain________.a.thegovernmentpaysdearlyforitsfinancialpolicyb.universitiesaremainlyfundedbybusinessesc.highereducationisprovidedfreeofcharged.studentsarereadytoacceptloanschemesfortuition
28.WhatwasthepercentageofhighschoolgraduatesadmittedtouniversitiesinBritainthirtyyearsagoa.20%orso.b.About15%.c.Above39%.d.Below10%.
29.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.a.theBritishgovernmentwillbeforcedtoincreaseitsspendingonhighereducationb.Britishemployersdemandanexpansioninenrollmentattheexpenseofqualityc.thebestwayoutforBritishuniversitiesistofollowtheirEuropeancounterpartsd.Britishstudentswillprobablyhavetopayfortheirhighereducationinthenearfuture
30.WhichofthefollowingistheviewpointoftheTimesnewspapera.ExpansioninenrollmentisboundtoaffectthequalityofBritishhighereducation.b.Britishuniversitiesshouldexpandtheirenrollmenttomeettheneedsofindustry.c.Europeanuniversitiescanbettermeettheneedsofthemodernworld.d.Britishuniversitiesshouldhelpfightcompetitiononworldmarkets.参考答案ACDDAII.Translation:40%Seetheanswersheet
1.IfwearenotcarefulintheYearoftheWomanweshallendupwithmillionsofdefensiveneuroticfemalestryingtoliveuptoallthepropagandathatputssomuchpressureonthemtotakeonmorethantheycancopewithandmorethantheyeverwanttodo.考核知识点参见P8参考答案如果我们在女性年里不小心的话,我们就会有数以百万计的时时都设防的焦虑女性,试图和宣传的一样,给自己加压,承担了他们难以处理的事情和他们从不想承担的事情
2.ItwasabrightcolddaythegroundcoveredwithasleetthathadfrozensothatitseemedasifallthebaretreesthebushesthecutbrushandallthegrassandthebaregroundhadbeenvarnishedwithiceItooktheyoungIrishsetterforawalkuptheroadandalongafrozencreekbutitwasdifficulttostandorwalkontheglassysurfaceandthereddogslippedandslitheredandIfelltwicehardoncedroppingmygunandhavingitslideawayovertheice.考核知识点参见P8参考答案那是明亮而寒冷的一天,大地覆盖了一层冰,以致于所有的光秃秃的树,灌木丛,被砍过的粗杂材和所有的草以及光秃秃的大地都消失在冰层中我牵着爱尔兰长毛猎犬在柏油路上和冰冻的小溪边散步,但是在滑溜溜的表层站立或者散步是非常困难的,红色的小狗滑倒了,摇晃不稳的前行,我也狠狠地摔了两跤,曾经把我的枪都摔掉了,枪顺着冰滑了好远
3.Iampainfullyawarethatacademicleadershavethemselvestoooftenresortedtostrictlyeconomicappealsforsupportbecausetheseseemedeasiertoexplainandjustifythenthelesstangiblepurposesoflearning.考核知识点参见P2参考答案我非常痛苦地意识到,学术大家们太经常让自己着迷于经济方面的帮助了,因为这看起来非常简单地解释了学术目标的不切实际而且这也让它们看起来非常合理
4.Weareaskedtoputthecontentsofourpocketsonatableforaquickinspection.考核知识点参见P35参考答案我们被要求把口袋里的东西都掏出放在桌面上以备快速的检察福师1108考试批次《高级英语阅读二》复习题二及参考答案教学中心专业学号姓名成绩注考试时间为100分钟,答案写在答题纸上本复习题页码标注所用教材为教材名称作者出版社版次定价高级英语阅读材料一林宇如学员使用其他版本教材,请参考相关知识点III.Readingcomprehension:60%Passage1Materialculturereferstothetouchablematerial“things”–physicalobjectsthatcanbeseenheldfeltused-thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife.Similarlyresearchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusic-culture.Themostvividbodyof“things”initofcoursearemusicalinstruments.Wecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinventedsowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusic-culturesintheremotepastandtheirdevelopment.Herewehavetwokindsofevidence:instrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturedinart.ThroughthestudyofinstrumentsaswellaspaintingswrittendocumentsandsoonwecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNearEasttoChinaoverathousandyearsagoorwecanoutlinethespreadofNearEasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultedinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestra.Sheetmusicorprintedmusictooismaterialculture.Scholarsoncedefinedfolkmusic-culturesasthoseinwhichpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprintbutresearchshowsmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEuropeBritainandAmericaprintedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysongyettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongs.Besidestheabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafar-reachingeffectonmusiciansandwhenitbecomeswidespreadonthemusic-cultureasawhole.Onemoreimportantpartofmusic’smaterialcultureshouldbesingledout:theinfluenceoftheelectronicmedia-radiorecordplayertaperecordertelevisionandvideocassettewiththefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopments.Thisisallpartofthe“informationrevolution”atwentieth-centuryphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutionwasinthenineteenth.Theseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodernnations;theyhaveaffectedmusic-culturesallovertheglobe.
1.Researchintothematerialcultureofanationisofgreatimportancebecause______.a.ithelpsproducenewculturaltoolsandtechnologyb.itcanreflectthedevelopmentofthenationc.ithelpsunderstandthenation’spastandpresent.d.Itcandemonstratethenation’scivilization
2.Itcanbelearnedfromthispassagethat______.a.theexistenceofthesymphonywasattributedtothespreadofNearEasternandChinesemusic.b.NearEasternmusichadaninfluenceonthedevelopmentoftheinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestrac.thedevelopmentofthesymphonyshowsthemutualinfluenceofEasternandWesternmusicd.themusicalinstrumentsinthesymphonyorchestraweredevelopedonthebasisofNearEasternmusic
3.Accordingtotheauthormusicnotationisimportantbecause________.a.ithasagreateffectonthemusic-cultureasmoreandmorepeopleareabletoreaditb.ittendstostandardizefolksongswhenitisusedbyfolkmusicians.c.Itistheprintedversionofstandardizedfolkmusicd.Itencouragespeopletopopularizeprintedversionsofsongs.
4.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheintroductionofelectronicmediaintotheworldofmusic______.a.hasbroughtaboutaninformationrevolutionb.hasspeededupthearrivalofanewgenerationofcomputersc.hasgivenrisetonewformsofmusiccultured.hasledtothetransformationoftraditionalmusicalinstruments
5.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassagea.Musicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerorlaterbereplacedbycomputers.b.Musiccannonbepassedontofuturegenerationsunlessitisrecorded.c.Folksongscannotbespreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheets.d.Thedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentonitsmaterialaspect.参考答案CBACD Passage2ThreeEnglishdictionariespublishedrecentlyalllayclaimtopossessinga“new”feature.TheBBCEnglishDictionarycontainsbackgroundinformationon1000peopleandplacesprominentinthenewssince1988;theOxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionary:EncyclopedicEditionistheOALDplusencyclopedicentries;theLongmanDictionaryofEnglishLanguageandCultureistheLDOCEplusculturalinformation.Thekeyfactisthatallthreedictionariescanbeseentohaveadistinctly“cultural”aswellaslanguagelearningcontent.Thatbeingsaidthewayinwhichtheyapproachtheculturalelementisnotidenticalmakingdirectcomparisonsbetweenthethreedictionaries.Whilethereissomecommongroundbetweentheencyclopedic/culturalentriesfortheOxfordandLongmandictionariesthereisacleardifference.OxfordlaysclaimtobeingencyclopediconcontentwhereasLongmandistinctlyconcentratesonthelanguageandcultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmorevigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethelatterdoesnothesitateaboutviewingtherestoftheworldfromtheculturalperspectivesoftheEnglish-speakingworld.TheculturalobjectivesoftheBBCdictionaryareinturnmoredistinctstill.Basedonananalysisofover70millionwordsrecordedfromtheBBCWorldServiceandNationalPublicRadioofWashingtonoveraperiodoffouryearstheir1000briefencyclopedicentriesarebasedonpeopleandplacesthathavefeaturedinthenewsrecently.TheintendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorldServicewhowillhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlisteningcomprehension.InrealitythoughtheBBCdictionarywillbepurchasedbyafarwiderrangeoflanguagelearnersaswilltheothertwodictionaries.Wewillbefacedwithasituationwheremanyoftheusersofthesedictionarieswillattheveryleasthavedistinctsocio-culturalperspectivesandmayhaveworldviewswhicharetotallyopposedandevenhostiletothoseoftheWest.Advancedlearnersfromthiskindofbackgroundwillnotonlyevaluateadictionaryonhowuser-friendlyitisbutwillalsohavedefiniteviewsaboutthescopeandappropriatenessofthevarioussocio-culturalentries.
6.Whatfeaturesetsapartthethreedictionariesdiscussedinthepassagefromtraditionalonesa.Thecombinationoftwodictionariesintoone.b.Thenewapproachtodefiningwords.c.Theinclusionofculturalcontent.d.Theincreaseinthenumberofentries.
7.TheLongmandictionaryismorelikelytobecriticizedforculturalprejudicebecause______.a.itsscopeofculturalentriesgoesbeyondthecultureoftheEnglish-speakingworld.b.itpayslittleattentiontotheculturalcontentofthenon-English-speakingcountries.c.itviewstheworldpurelyfromthestandpointoftheEnglish-speakingpeople.d.itfailstodistinguishlanguagefromcultureinitsencyclopedicentries
8.TheBBCdictionarydiffersfromOxfordandLongmaninthat______.a.ithasawiderselectionofencyclopedicentriesb.itismainlydesignedtomeettheneedsofradiolistenersc.itlaysmoreemphasisonlanguagethanoncultured.itisintendedtohelplistenersdeveloptheirlisteningcomprehensionskills
9.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatinapproachingsocio-culturalcontentinadictionaryspecialthoughtshouldbegivento______.a.thelanguagelevelsofitsusersb.thenumberofitsprospectivepurchasersc.thedifferenttastesofitsusersd.thevariousculturalbackgroundsofitsusers
10.Whatisthepassagemainlyabouta.Differentwaysoftreatingsocio-culturalelementsinthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.b.Acomparisonofpeople’sopinionsontheculturalcontentinthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.c.TheadvantagesoftheBBCdictionaryoverOxfordandLongman.d.Theuser-friendlinessofthethreenewEnglishdictionaries.参考答案CCBDAPassage3Bondreachedunderthedashboardandfromitsconcealedholsterdrewoutthelong-barrelled.45ColtArmySpecialandlaiditontheseatbesidehim.ThebattlewashowintheopenandsomehowtheMercedesmustbestopped.UsingtheroadasifitwasDoningtonBondrammedhisfootdownandkeptitthere.Graduallywiththeneedletwitchingeithersideofthehundredmarkhebegantonarrowthegap.Draxtooktheleft-handforkatCharingandhissedupthelonghill.AheadinthegiantbeamofhisheadlightsoneofBowaters’hugeeight-wheeledAECDieselcarrierswasjustgrindingintothefirstbendofthehairpinlabouringunderthefourteentonsofnewsprintitwastakingonanightruntooneoftheEastKentnewspapers.Draxcursedunderhisbreathashesawthelongcarrierwiththetwentygiganticrollseachcontainingfivemilesofnewsprintropedtoitsplatform.RightinthemiddleofthetrickyS-bendatthetopofthehill.HelookedinthedrivingmirrorandsawtheBentleycomingintothefork.AndthenDraxhadhisidea.‘Krebs’thewordwasapistolshot.‘Getoutyourknife.TherewasasharpclickandthestilettowasinKrebsshand.Onedidntdawdlewhentherewasthatnoteinthemastersvoice.‘Iamgoingtoslowdownbehindthislorry.TakeyourshoesandsocksoffandclimboutontothebonnetandwhenIcomeupbehindthelorryjumpontoit.Ishallbegoingatwalking-pace.Itwillbesafe.Cuttheropesthatholdtherollsofpaper.Theleftonesfirst.Thentheright.Ishallhavepulleduplevelwiththelorryandwhenyouhavecutthesecondlotjumpintothecar.Becarefulyouarenotsweptoffwiththepaper.’Draxdowsedhisheadlightsandsweptroundthebendateighty.ThelorrywastwentyyardsaheadandDraxhadtobrakehardtoavoidcrashingintoitstail.TheMercedesexecutedadryskiduntilitsradiatorwasalmostunderneaththeplatformofthecarrier.Draxchangeddowntosecond.Now!HeheldthecarsteadyasarockasKrebswithbarefeetwentoverthewindscreenandscrambledalongtheshiningbonnethisknifeinhishand.Withaleaphewasupandhackingattheleft-handropes.DraxpulledawaytotherightandcrawleduplevelwiththerearwheelsoftheDieseltheoilysmokefromitsexhaustinhiseyesandnostrils.Bondslightswerejustshowingroundthebend.Therewasaseriesofhugethudsastheleft-handrollspouredoffthebackofthelorryintotheroadandwenthurtlingoffintothedarkness.Andmorethudsastheright-handropesparted.OnerollburstasitlandedandDraxheardatearingrattleastheunwindingpapercrashedbackdowntheone-in-tengradient.ReleasedofitsloadthelorryalmostboundedforwardandDraxhadtoacceleratealittletocatchtheflyingfigureofKrebswholandedhalfacrossGalasbackandhalfinthefrontseat.Draxstampedhisfootintothefloorandspedoffupthehillignoringashoutfromthelorry-driverabovetheclatteroftheDieselpistonsasheshotahead.Ashehurtledroundthenextbendhesawtheshaftoftwoheadlightscurveupintotheskyabovethetopsofthetreesuntiltheywerealmostvertical.Theywaveredthereforaninstantandthenthebeamswhirledawayacrosstheskyandwentout.AgreatbarkinglaughbrokeoutofDraxasforasplitsecondhetookhiseyesofftheroadandraisedhisfacetriumphantlytowardsthestars.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.
11.WhichistrueaBonddrivingaBentleyischasingDraxwhoisdrivingaMercedes.bBonddrivingaMercedesischasingDraxwhoisdrivingaBentley.cDraxdrivingaBentleyischasingBondwhoisdrivingaMercedes.dDraxdrivingaMercedesischasingBondwhoisdrivingaBentley.
12.WhatweapondidBondtakeoutaagunfromundertheseatbanarmyknifefromahiddenpocketcagunwhichwashiddeninthefrontofthecardaspecialarmymachineforstoppingcars
13.WhatdoyouthinkDoningtonisParagraph2aatownbacountryroadcamainroaddarace-track
14.‘Bondrammedhisfootdownandkeptitthere’Paragraph
2.Thisexpressionshows_______athathefounditdifficulttostayinhisseatontheroughroad.bthathewasfeelingnervous.cthathewasverysureofhimself.dthathewantedtodrivefast.
15.Whatdoyouthink‘newsprint’isParagraph3anewspapersbpaperforprintingnewspaperscposterstoadvertisenewspapersdwrappingpaper
16.Whatis‘dawdle’Paragraph7acomplainbgoslowlychurryddisagreeviolently
17.‘Dowsed’Paragraph9means_________aswitchedonbswitchedoffccheckeddused
18.‘Hacking’Paragraph11means_______________acuttingbpullingclookingdworking
19.Thesceneofthestoryis___________________aalonghillwithabendateachend.basteepgradientwithalotofbends.calongsteephillwithadoublebendatthetop.dahairpinbendfollowedbyaone-in-tengradient.
20.BycuttingtherollsofnewsprintDraxandKrebs__________________astopBond.bcauseBondtocrashintothelorry.cslowBonddown.dcausethelorrytocrash.参考答案11-15ACDAB16-20BBACAPassage4Womenvs.MenintheWorkForceTheroadsignshavebeenchanged---nolonger“MenatWork”but“PeopleWorking”.EveryoccupationrecordedbytheCensusBureauuptoandincludingstevedoresandboilermakerslistswomenaswellasmen.Forty-fourpercentofallemployedAmericanarewomen.What’smorethepercentagecontinuestorisewhichposesasoberingquestion:ArethegainsbeingmadebywomenintheworkplacecomingattheexpenseofmenOnthefaceofittheanswerisclear.Unlesstotalemploymentinthenationexpandsmorerapidlythanithassomesubstantialnumberofmenaregoingtocontinuetoloseoutinthejobracetowomen.Buttheprocessbywhichthechangeistakingplaceiscomplexandtheexplanationgoesbeyondthepoliticalandlegalpressuresthatarepartofwomen’scampaignforequalrights.Therehavebeenchangesinthecharacterofworkthathaveencouragedthehiringofwomen.Intheinsuranceindustryforexamplethepositionsofadjustersandexaminerswereoncelargelyheldbymenwhowentoutandinspecteddentedfenders.Todaytheworkconsistsmainlyofsittingatacomputerterminalenteringinsuranceclaims.Womennowhold65percentofthesejobsupfrom27percentin
1970.Ingeneralwomenarefillingthenewlower-payingjobsinofficesandtheserviceindustry.Somejobsthatwereonceall-malepreserveschangedwiththeintroductionofmodernequipment.Thathappenedinthemeatpackingindustrywhereautomaticmachinesformovingsidesofbeefhaveeasedtheneedforsomuchheavingandhoisting.Since1970theproportionofpackinghousebutcherswhoarewomenhasincreasedbymorethanone-third.Amongthemostvividcasesofdisplacementarethoseintheupperreachesoftheworkplace.Theproportionofwomenamonggraduatestudentshasbeenincreasingdramaticallyprovidingstiffcompetitionforyoungmenwhoagenerationearliermighthavebeenallbutcertainofexecutiveorprofessionalcareers.Between1960and1983themaleproportionamonglawyersdeclinedfrom98percentto85percent.Overthesameperiodoftimethepercentageofmeninadvertisingfellfrom86percentto52percent;inbankingandfinancialmanagementitwentfrom91percentto61percent.Ofcoursediscriminationagainstwomencontinues.Moreoveronlyrarelyisthereaone-for–onesubstitutionthedischargeofamansothatawomancanbehiredtotakehisplace.Yetthetrendtowardthedisplacementofmaleworkersgoeson.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesLaborDepartmenttwo-thirdsofthegrowthinthelaborforcebetweennowand1995willbeaccountedforbywomen;bythatyearthedepartmentexpectsonly65percentofmenaged55to64willbeinthelaborforce.Inanationthatpridesitselfonacommitmenttoequalityofopportunitywomen’sprogressintheworkplacecanonlybeseenasinevitableandfair.Thatshouldnothoweverblindustothemajorimpactthischangewillhavenotonlyintermsofjobsbutintermsofthesocietyasawholeunsettlingthebalanceofrelationshipsinthefamilyandraisingnewproblemsconcerningmaleself-esteem.WherehavethenewjobsforwomencomefromAsithappenedwhilewomenwerearrivingatnewinsightaboutwhattheywantedtodowiththeirlivestheeconomywasundergoingbasicchanges.Greatgainswerebeingmadeinproductivitylargelybecausemachineswerereplacingworkersinthemanufacturingsector.InasingledecadeforexampleDuPontdoublesitscapacitytoproducesyntheticfiberswithoutsubstantiallyaddingtoitsworkforce.UnionPacificnowcarries40percentmorefreightwithhalfasmanyworkersasitdid29yearsago.Thejobsthathavedisappearedintheseandotherheavy-dutyindustrieswereheldmainlybymen.Andthenewjobsthathavecomealongarebeingtakenmainlybywomen.Whilecuttingblue-collaremploymentfewcompanieshavereducedtheiroverallworkforce.Insteadtheyhavedevisednewofficepositionsespeciallytocopewiththeso-called“informationexplosion”.Companieshavealsomovedmorestronglyintotheservicesectorproducingnewjobsinfieldsfromfast-foodoutletstocomputerconsultingfirms.ThusPillsburyboughtandbeefedupBurgerKing.RCAwentintothecar-rentalbusinessbytakingoverHerts.Manyofthenewoccupationsforexamplecallforarelativelyhighleverofliteracyinbothlanguageandnumbers.Thisisthecasenotonlywithofficeworkbutalsoacrossarangeofresponsibilitiesfromtakingairlinereservationstomonitoringhospitalintensive-careunits.Atalmosteverylevelthecallisformoreliterateemployees.Andforthefirsttimeinourhistorywomenareclearlyemergingasbettereducatedthanmen.ArecentUnitedStatesDepartmentofEducationstudyofhighschoolseniorsshowedthatgirlsspendmoretimethanboysdoinghomework-andasagroupgethighergrades.Girlsaremoreapttograduatefromhighschool.Whichtodayisarequirementevenformostsemiskilledjobs;boywhodroppedoutofschoolcouldonceexpecttofindsuchworkbutnolonger.Moststudiessuggestthatwhenwomenandmendothesamejobandhavethesameexperienceorsenioritypayratestendtobesimilar.Mostofthedollardifferencesstemfromthefactthatwomentendtobemorerecententrantsandhavefeweryearsonthejob.Whetherwomenembarkinguponacareerwillattainpayequalitywithmenrestsonatleasttwofactors.FirstwillmostofthemcontinuefulltimeattheirjobsaftertheyhavechildrenAbreakintheiremploymentoradecisiontoworkparttimewillslowraisesandpromotions–asitwouldforaman.Secondwillmale-dominatedcompanieselevatewomantohigher-paidjobsatthesameratetheyelevatemenInsomefieldsthishasclearlynothappened.Manywomenforexamplehavecommittedtheirlivestoteachingcareersyetrelativelyfewbecomeprincipalsorsuperintendentsofschoolsystems.Choosetherightanswersaccordingtothegivenmaterials
21.Thepercentageofwomeninthelaborforceisrisingmainlybecause_______________A.menpreferhigh-payingjobs.B.theintroductionofmodernequipmenthascutblue-collaremploymentandencouragedthehiringofwomen.C.discriminationagainstwomenisfading.D.womenarebettereducatedthanmen.
22.Women’sprogressintheworkforce__________________A.isseenbyallasinevitableandfair.B.isseenbymanytobemadeattheexpenseofmen.C.hasneverunsettledthebalanceofrelationshipsinthefamily.D.istheresultofwomen’scampaignforequalrights.
23.Inthemanufacturingsectorandheavydutyindustriesmaleworkersarebeingreplacedby___________A.machines.B.femaleworkers.C.womenwithnewideasabouttheirlives.D.gainsinproductivity.
24.Thatwomenasagroupearnlessthanmenisnotbecause______________--A.womenaremorelikelytohaveabreakintheiremployment.B.payequalitywithmenisadreamforcareerwomen.C.thepayinfemale-dominatedfieldsisgenerallylowerthaninmale-dominatedones.D.manymarriedwomentendtoacceptlower-payingjobs
25.IntheUSmenandwomenareinasenserivalsinthejobracebecause_______________-A.women’scampaignforequalrightsisupsettingmenseriouslyB.totalemploymentintheUShasbeenexpandinglessrapidlythantheemploymentofwomenC.only65percentofmenaged55to64willbeinthelaborforceD.womengraduatestudentsareprovidingstiffcompetitionforyoungmenTrueorFalse
26.Womenarenowequaltomenintheworkplace
27.Manyindustriesareimprovingworkingconditionstoencouragethehiringofwomen
28.Literacyhasbecomemoreandmoreimportantforjobcandidates.
29.Muchofthegrowthofwomeninthelaborforcesince1971isaccountedforbymarriedwomen.
30.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatmarriedwomenearnlessthansinglewomen.参考答案21-25BDABA26-30FTTFFIV.Translation:40%Seetheanswersheet
1.Isquishedandflappednoisilyacrosstheroomsquirmingundertheirscrutinysurethateveryonewasstaringatmyfunnysoles.考核知识点参见P2参考答案我在教室里走来走去,鞋子咯吱咯吱的响,在同学们的审视下,我非常的难为情,当然了,所有的人都紧盯着我那可笑的鞋底
2.OnthewaytoSundayschoolIhadpressedtheenvelopeagainstthecoinsuntilIcouldtellwhattheywere;theyweren’tdimesbutpennies.考核知识点参见P4参考答案去星期日学校的路上,我紧紧地按住信里的硬币,直到我知道它们到底是什么,它们不是一角的硬币而是一分的
3.Mymotherconsideredherselfprettywellpreparedinherkitchenandpantryforanyemergencythatinherwords;mightchoosetopresentitself.考核知识点参见P8参考答案我母亲认为自己准备好厨房和储藏室了,用她的话说就是可以应付任何紧急情况;可以选择来展示它了福师1108考试批次《高级英语阅读二》复习题三及参考答案教学中心专业学号姓名成绩注考试时间为100分钟,答案写在答题纸上本复习题页码标注所用教材为教材名称作者出版社版次定价 高级英语阅读材料一 林宇 如学员使用其他版本教材,请参考相关知识点V.Readingcomprehension:60%Passage1IreckonIcandoAlevelchem.infourterms.Fourtermsflatoutmind.Wehavetogoreallyfast.Wehaveteststwiceaweekbutwegetresults.ForinstancelastyearIgotanopenatPembrokeCambridgeandanexhibitionatTrinityHallCambridgeandthenIgothalf-a-dozenplaces.Ivegot14placesinthelasttwoyearsandthentheseopensIdoprettywell;myresultsareallright.Thewayweteachweteachforresults.Iwantthepassestheschoolsandallthosethings.Testsallthetimeandscrubtheteachingmethodsforgetabouttheeducationalside.Yesitislikethat;notaltogetherofcoursebuttherearetwowaysaren’tthereTherestheonewayIteachandthere’sanotherway.Wellletmegiveyouaninstance:ifaboyasksaquestionitmightraisesomeinterestingmatters.Nowtheotherwayyoudwastethewholeperiodandfollowupthosemattersandthatsallright.Butthatsnotourway.Wevegotnotimeforanyquestionsoranythingthatleadsoffthesyllabus.Youvegottogetthroughit.IliketeachingourAstreamboysbutyoushouldseeourCstream!Theyreshockingabsolutelyshocking.IdontliketeachingthematallandIdontknowwhatitcanbelikeinthesecondarymodernschools.Imnotmadeoutformissionaryteaching.WhatIwantnowisaheadofdepartmentinareallygoodschoolandthenIddowhatourheadofdepartmenthasdone.Idputonthepressurereallyhard.Reallyworkthosechildrenteststeststestsandgettheresults.GetthemtheresultstheyshouldhaveandthatwouldestablishmewouldntitItwouldgivemeareputation.PeoplewouldknowthatIcoulddothejobImightslackenoffwhenIgotestablished-perhapsaftertenyearsorsoImightstartlookingaroundandthinkingmoreabouttheeducationalside.Butyou’vegottoestablishyourselffirsthaventyouRightChoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.
1.Thispassageistakenfromaninterviewwith______________aaverysuccessfulchemistrystudent.bateacherofchemistry.caheadofdepartment.daprofessor.2Thegeneralthemeofthepassageis_____________ahowtopassexaminations.bhowtotrainpupilstounderstandchemistry.chowtogivetestsinchemistry.dhowtogetpupilsthroughexaminationsinchemistry.3Whenhesays‘I’vegot14placesinthelasttwoyears’thepersonspeakingisreferringto____aoffersofteachingposts.boffersofuniversityplacesforhimself.coffersofuniversityplacesforhispupils.djobshehashad.4Heismainlyinterestedin________________ahigh-pressureteachingforexaminations.bteachingmethods.ctheeducationalside.dansweringquestionswhichraiseinterestingmatters.5Whatdoesthespeakermeanby‘theotherway’aanundisciplinedapproachtoteachingbanapproachtoteachingwhichconcentratesonpassingexaminationscansweringquestionswhichdonotraiseinterestingmattersdpayingmoreattentiontoeducationalvaluesthantoexaminationpreparation6Ifaboyasksaquestion_______________ahefollowsitupifitraisesaninterestingpoint.bhepreferstokeeptothesyllabus.cwhathedoesdependsonwhetherheisteachingtheAstreamortheCstream.dheputsonthepressure.7‘I’mnotmadeoutformissionaryteaching’means_____________aIdontwanttoteachlessintelligentpupils.bIdontwanttoteachreligion.cIdontwanttobeatravellingteacher.dIdontwanttoteachthingsthatarenotonthesyllabus.8Hisambitionis______________atoreplacehisheadofdepartment.btobeinchargeofthechemistryteachinginareallygoodschool.ctothinkmoreabouttheeducationalside.dtobecomeaheadmaster.9Inthesentence‘Itwouldgivemeareputation’‘Itrefersto___________abeingestablished.bmakingthechildrenworkhard.cmakingthechildrengetgoodexaminationresults.dbecomingaheadofdepartment.10Thespeakersgeneralattitudetoteachingisthat___________atherearetwowaysbuthisisrightandtheotheriswrong.btherearetwowaysandheusesbothatdifferenttimes.ctherearetwoways;hiswayisthebestonetohelphimfulfillhispersonalambition.dtherearealotofdifferentwaysfordifferentkindsofpupils.考核知识点参见P97参考答案1-5BBDAA6-10BABACPassage2Mylittlegirlissingingherselftosleepupstairshervoiceminglingwiththesoundsofthebirdsoutsideintheoldmapletrees.SheistwoandIamnearly50andIamverytakenwithher.Shecamealonglateinmylifeunexpectedandunbiddenastartlinggift.Todayatthebeachmyclubby-leggedbrown-skinneddaughterranlaughingintothewaterasfastasshecould.MywifeandIlaughedwatchingheruntilweheardbehindusalowgutturalcurseandthenanunpleasantvoiceraisedinanimitationwarwhoop.Iturnedtoseeafatmaninabathingsuitwhiteandsoftasagrubas.hecoveredhismouthandpreparedtomaketheIndianwarcryagain.Hewasmiddle-agedyoungerthanIandhadthreechildrenlinedupnexttohimgrinningfoolishly.MywifesuggestedweleavethebeachandIagreed.IknewthemanwasnotunusualinhisfeelingsagainstIndians.Hisbeachbehaviormighthavebeensociallyunacceptabletomorecivilizedwhites:buthisbasicviewofIndiansisexpresseddailyinoursmalltownfrequentlyontheeditorialpagesofthecountynewspaperaswhitepeoplespeakoutagainstIndianfishingrightsandlandrightssayinginessenceThoseIndiansaretakingourfish:ourland.ItdoesntmattertothemthatwewereherefirstthattheU.S.SupremeCourthasruledinourfavor.Itmatterstothemthatwehavesomethingtheywantandtheyhateusforit.BacklashisthecommonexplanationoftheattacksonIndiansthebumperstickersthatsay:SpearanIndian.SaveaFishbutIknowbetter.ThehatredofIndiansgoesbacktothebeginningwhenwhitepeoplecametothiscountry.FormeitgoesbacktomechildhoodinHarborSpringsMich.”Theft:HarborSpringsisnowasummerresortfortheveryaffluentbutahundredyearsagoitwastheIndianvillageofmyOttawaancestors.MygrandmotherAnnaShowanessyandotherIndianslikeherhadtheirlandtheretakenbytreatybyfraudbyviolencebytheft.TheyrememberedhowwhiteshadburneddownthevillageatBurtLakein1900andpushedtheIndiansout.Thesewerethestoriesinmyfamily.WhenIwasaboymymothertoldmetowalkdownthealleysinHarborSpringsandnottowearmyorangefootballsweateroutofthehouse.ThiswayIwouldnotstandoutnotbenoticedandnotbeatarget.Iworemyorangesweateranywayanddeliberatelyavoidedthealleys:IwasthebiggestpersonIknewandwasntreallyafraid.ButImetmy:comeuppancewhenIenlistedintheU.S.Army.Onenightallthe.meninmybarracksgatheredtogetherandgangfashionpulledmeintotheshowerandscrubbedmedownwithtoughbrushesusedforfloorssaying:WewonthaveanydirtyIndiansinouroutfit.ItisapointofironythatIwascleanerthananyofthem.LaterinKoreaIlearnedhowtohillhowtobullyhowtohateKoreans.Icameoutofthewartougherthaneverandstrangelywhite.IwenttocollegegotmarriedlivedinLaPorteInd.workedasasurveyorandraisedthreeboys.IheadedBoyScoutgroupsneverthinkingitoddwhentheScoutsdidimitationIndiandancesimitationIndianlore.OnedaywhenIwas35orthereaboutsIheardaboutanIndianpowwow.MyfatherusedtoattendthemandsowithgreatcuriosityandastrangejoyatdiscoveringapartofmyheritageIdecidedthethingtodotogetreadyforthisbigeventwastohavemyfriendmakemeaspearinhisforge.Thesteelwasfineandblueandiridescent.Thefeathersontheshaftwerebrightandproud.InadustystatefairgroundinsouthernIndiansIfoundwhitepeopledressedasIndians.IlearnedtheywereHobbyiststhatisitwastheirhobbyandleisurepastimetomasqueradeasIndiansonweekends:IfeltridiculouswithmyspearandIleft.ItwasyearsbeforeIcouldtellanyoneoftheembarrassmentofthisweekendandseeanyhumorinit.Butinawayitwasthatweekendforallitssillinessthatwasmyawakening.IrealizedIdidn’tknowwhoIwax.IdidnthaveanIndianname.IdidntspeaktheIndianlanguage.IdidntknowtheIndiancustoms.DimlyIrememberedtheOttawawordfordogbutitwasababywordkahgeenotthefullwordmuhahgeewhichIwaslatertolearn.EvenmorehazilyIrememberedanamingceremonymyown.Irememberedlegsdancingaroundme;dust.WherehadthatbeenWhohadIbeenSuwaukquatmymothertoldmewhenIaskedWherethetreebeginstogrow.Thatwas1968andIwasnottheonlyIndianinthecountrywhowasfeelingtheneedtorememberwhoheorshewas.Therewereothers.TheyhadpowwowsrealonesandeventuallyIfoundthem.TogetherweresearchedourpastasearchthatformeculminatedintheLongestWalkamarchonWashingtonin
1978.MaybebecauseInowknowwhatitmeanstobeIndianitsurprisesmethatothersdont.Ofcoursetherearentverymanyofusleft.ThechancesofanaveragepersonknowinganaverageIndianinanaveragelifetimeareprettyslim.Circles:StillIwasamusedonedaywhenmysmallfour-year-oldneighborlookedatmeasIwashoeinginmygardenandsaidYouarentarealIndianareyouScottyislittletalkativelikable.FinallyIsaid:ImarealIndian.HelookedatmeforamomentandthensaidsquintingintothesunThenwheresyourhorseandfeathersThechildwassimplyasmaller:whiterversionofmyownignorantselfyearsbefore.WedbothseentoomuchTVthatsall.Hewasnottobeblamed.Andsoinawaythemoronicmanonthebeachtodayisblameless.Wecomefullcircletorealizeotherpeoplearelikeourselvesasdiscomfitingasthatmaybesometimes.AsIsitin.myoldchaironmyporch.inalightthatisfadingsotheleavesarebarelydistinguishableagainsttheskyIcanpicturemygirlasleepupstairsIwouldliketoprepareherforwhatstocometakehereachstepofthe.waysayingtheresaplacetoavoidhereswhatIknowaboutthisbutmuchofwhatsbeforehershemustgothroughalone.Shemustpassthroughpainandjoyandsolitudeandcommunitytodiscoverherowninnerselfthatisunlikeanyotherandcomethroughthatpassagetotheplacewheresheseesallpeopleareoneandinsoseeingmayliveherlifeinabrighterfuture.MultipleChoice11Thesubjectofthisselectionisa.identitycrisis.b.theIndianheritage.c.theIndianculture.d.thelostlandforIndians.12Theincidentatthebeachshowedthata.thewhitemanwantedtofighttheIndians.b.hewantedtheexclusiveuseofthebeach.c.hewashostiletotheIndiana.d.hisbehaviorwasrareinthewhiteworld.13ThehostilefeelingsagainstIndianswerea.universallyacceptabletothewhites.b.dailyexpressedinthenewspapersalloverthecountry.c.duetoIndianstakingthefishandlandfromthewhites.d.mainlydirectedatIndianfishingrightsandlandrights.14TheauthorwenttoanIndianpowwowonlytodiscoverthata.itwasridiculous.b.itwasacustomofthewhites.c.hedidntreallyknowhisownheritage.d.itwasarealone.15Theauthorseemstobelievethata.allIndiansmaycometorealizewhotheyare.b.Indiansarenotdifferentfromthewhites.c.Indiansarecontentwiththepresentsituation.d.youngergenerationsshouldbeguidedallthroughthefuture.TrueorFalse16TheauthorfirstlearnedthewhiteshatredofIndiansintheU.S.Army.17InKoreatheauthoractedlikeawhitesoldier.18TheauthorbeganhissearchforthepastwhenheheadedBoyScoutgroups.19AfteryearsofresearchworktheauthorjoinedinthemovementforIndianrights.20TheselectionimpliesthattheimagesofIndiansshownonTVarentaccurate.参考答案11-15BCDAB16-20TTFFTPassage3Todaycigarettesmokingisacommonhabit.Aboutforty-threepercentoftheadultmenandthirty-onepercentoftheadultwomenintheUnitedStatessmokecigarettesregularly.Itisencouragingtoseethatmillionsofpeoplehavegivenupsmoking.Itisafactthatmenasagroupsmokemorethanwomen.Amongbothmenandwomentheagegroupwiththehighestproportionofsmokersis24-
44.Incomeeducationandoccupationallplayapartindeterminingapersonssmokinghabit.Citypeoplesmokemorethanpeoplelivingonfarms.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettesthanmenwithfeweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes.Ontheotherhandifawell-educatedmanwithahigherincomesmokedatallheislikelytosmokemorepacksofcigarettesperday.Thesituationissomewhatdifferentforwomen.Thereareslightlymoresmokersamongwomenwithhigherfamilyincomeandhighereducationthanamongthelowerincomeandlowereducationalgroups.Thesemorehighlyeducatedwomentendtosmokemoreheavily.Amongteenagersthepictureissimilar.Therearefewerteenagedsmokersfromupper-incomewell-educatedfamiliesandfewerfromfamilieslivinginfarmareas.Childrenaremostlikelytostartsmokingifoneorbothoftheirparentssmoke.
21.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph____________A.Moreandmorepeopletakeupthehabitofsmoking.B.TherearemoresmokingwomenthansmokingmeninUSA.C.Itisgoodnewsthatmorepeoplehavegivenupsmoking.D.TheU.S.hasmoresmokingpeoplethananyothercountry.
22.Whatfactorsdetermineapersonssmokinghabits______A.Ageincomeandeducation.B.Agesexandincome.C.Occupationincomeandsex.D.Occupationincomeandeducation.
23.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage______A.Citypeoplearelesslikelytosmoke.B.Peopleinruralareasaremorelikelytosmoke.C.Menwithhigherincometendtosmoke.D.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesaregenerallylesslikelytosmoke.
24.Whatisthesmokingsituationforwomen______A.Thesituationisquitethesameforwomenasformen.B.Better-educatedwomenarelikelytosmokeheavily.C.Therearemorewomensmokerswithlowincomes.D.Womenwithhigherincomesandhighereducationdonottendtosmoke.
25.Whatcanwesayaboutteenagedsmokers______A.Thepictureabouttheteenagesmokersissimilartothatofwomensmokers.B.Thesituationamongteenagersisquitethesamewithmen.C.Highschoolstudentsaremorelikelytosmokethancollegestudents.D.Farmerschildrentendtosmokemore.参考答案CDDBBPassage4Manisalandanimalbutheisalsocloselytiedtothesea.Throughouthistorytheseahasservedtheneedsofman.Theseahasprovidedmanwithfoodandaconvenientwaytotraveltomanypartsoftheworld.Toadyexpertsbelievethatnearlytwo-thirdsoftheworldspopulationlivewithineightykilometersoftheseacoast.Inthemoderntechnologicalworldtheseaoffersmanyresourcestohelpmankindsurvive.Resourcesonlandarebeginningtogrowless.Theseahoweverstilloffershopetosupplymanyofmansneedsinthefuture.Therichesoftheseayettobedevelopedbymanstechnologyareimpressive.Oilandgasexplorationshaveexistedfornearlythirtyyears.Valuableamountsofmineralssuchasironcopperandsoonexistontheoceanfloor.Besidesoilandgastheseamayoffernewsourcesofenergy.Forexamplewarmtemperatureoftheoceancanbeusedasthesteaminasteamship.Seamayalsoofferasourceofenergyaselectricityformankind.Technologyisenablingmantoexploreevendeeperunderthesea.Itisobviousthatthetechnologytoharvesttheseacontinuestoimprove.Bythe2050expertsbelievethattheproblemstoexplorethefoodmineralsandenergyresourcesoftheseawillhavebeenlargelysolved.
26.Whatisthebeattitleforthepassage?A.NeedsofMan.B.SeaHarvestandFoodC.SeaandSourcesofEnergyD.SeaExploringTechnology.
27.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.manhasntcompletelymadeuseoftherichesoftheseaB.technologyforexploringtheseahasbeensolvedC.harvestingriceintheseawillbemadepossibleD.inthenearfuturemancanliveontheoceanfloor
28.Whydoestheauthormentionasteamship?A.Toillustratethatmancanmakeuseofsourcesofenergyfromthesea.B.Toshowthatasteamshipisbetterthanotherkindsofships.C.Toarguethatmanshouldusesteamships.D.Toindicatethatitiswarmerintheoceanthanonland.
29.Accordingtotheauthortechnologyisimportantbecause______.A.resourcesonlandarerunningshortintenyearsB.mancanuseittoexplorethedeeperseaC.itisalotoffundivingintotheseaD.ancientpeopleusedittoexplorethesea
30.Accordingtotheauthorwhenwilltheproblemstoexplorethedeepersealargelybesolved______A.Inthenextgeneration.B.Bytheendofthe20thcentury.C.Inthenearfuture.D.Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury.参考答案DAABDVI.Translation:40%Seetheanswersheet
1.Forsomereasonwearesatisfiedwhenwethinkwearewell-protected;itdoesnotoccurtoustoaskourselves:whyhasthishappened考核知识点参见P26参考答案当我们想到我们受到很好的保护的时候,在某种程度上,我们感到很满意,我们从来不曾问自己,“为什么会发生这些事情?”
2.SoIwasmoreirritatedwithmyselfthanwiththesecurityofficerwhenhesaidthegiftswouldhavetobeunwrappedforinspection.参考答案因此,当保安员说那些礼物需要被拆开以便安检,我更加生自己的气了,而不是保安员
3.Mymotherconsideredherselfprettywellpreparedinherkitchenandpantryforanyemergencythatinherwords;mightchoosetopresentitself.考核知识点参见P8参考答案我母亲认为自己准备好厨房和储藏室了,用她的话说就是可以应付任何紧急情况;可以选择来展示它了。