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湖北省暨武汉地区第十届外语翻译大赛初赛试题英语专业组、英语非专业组forEnglishmajorsandnon-EnglishmajorsI.BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedABCandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.For5pleasechoosetheonethathasthesamemeaningasthewordinquotes.9×2%=18%
1.ItisnoaccidentthatmostpeoplefindDavis’bookdisturbingforitis___toundermineanumberbeliefstheyhavelong___.A.calculated…cherishedB.intended…deniedC.anxious…misunderstoodD.reputed…anticipated
2.Accordingtoonepoliticaltheoristaregimethathasasitsgoalabsolute___withoutany___laworprinciplehasdeclaredwaronjustice.A.respectability…codificationofB.supremacy…suppressionofC.autonomy…accountabilitytoD.fairness…deviationfrom
3.Thereason___hestolethemoneyis___hewantedtobuyfood.A.why…becauseB.that…becauseC.\…thatD.that…that
4.Benhasn’teaten.----Don’tworry.___himasandwich.A.IwillmakeB.Iamgoingtomake
5.Thecriminalwasaskedtoaidpoliceintheir‘enquiry’.A.interviewB.investigationC.questions
6.___theU.S.dollaritsvalueincreasedbymorethan15percent.A.AboutB.AmongC.AgainstD.On
7.Amongallsocietieslegalmarriageisusuallyaccompaniedbysomekindofceremonythatexpressesgroup____oftheunion.A.opinionB.coercionC.sanctionD.insistence
8.AtfirstIfoundhergravityratherintimidating;butasIsawmoreofherIfoundthat___wasverynearthesurface.A.seriousnessB.confidenceC.laughterD.determination
9.Justasastrologywasforcenturies___faithcounteringthestrengthofestablishedchurchessotodaybelievinginastrologyisanactof___theprofessionalsciences.A.anindividual…rebellionbyB.anaccepted…antagonismtowardC.aheretical…supportforD.anunderground…defianceagainstII.1Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.9×2%=18%Passage1ThesurprisingthingabouttheWarofIndependencewhenyoucompareitwithotherwarsofliberationisnotthattheAmericanswonbutthattheydidnotwinmoreeasily.Alltheyhadtodotogainindependencewastoholdwhattheyhad.TheBritishonthecontraryhadtoreconqueravastterritoryinordertowin.Togettroopsinactionagainstthe“rebels”of1775---83theBritishgovernmenthadtosendthembybulkyslow-movingsailingvesselswhichnevertooklessthanfourweeksandoftententocrosstheAtlantic.Moreoverthosewho“camethreethousandmilesanddiedtokeepthePastuponitsthrone”hadtobearmedclothedandevenpartlyfedfromEnglandwhichmeantmoreshippingmoredelaysmorelossesatseasuchexpenseashadneverbeenknowninEnglishhistory.
1.Byusingtheterms“WarofIndependence”and“otherwarsofliberation”theauthorindicatesthatheA.wishesthattheBritishhadwon.B.understandstheAmericanpointofview.C.isanimpartialobserver.D.iscarefultousethecorrectterminology.
2.TheauthorisassumingthatthereaderA.hasapreconceivedbiasinfavoroftheAmericanwareffort.B.hasapreconceivedbiasinfavoroftheBritish.C.isunbiasedinviewingthewar.D.istryingtodecidewhichsidedeservedtowin.
3.WhichofthefollowingsentencesexceptforafewemotivewordsisastatementoffactA.“Thesurprisingthing…”B.“Alltheyhad…”C.“Togettroops…”D.noneoftheabove.Passage2Theseascontainveryfewanimalsoutwardlyasunattractiveastheoyster.Misshapendrabpracticallymotionlessanddevoidofexpressiontheoysterpresentslittletostirintheimaginationoraestheticsensibilities.Neverthelessinitsprosaicwaytheoystercontributesmoretothewelfareofmanthananyotherinvertebrateoftheseaanditsgeologichistoryislongandinformative.Kilometerafterkilometerofoysterbanksandreefsfringethewarmerbordersofthecontinentsfurnishingfoodandrawmaterialsforman.Theapproximateannualworldproductionofoystermeatapproaches54millionkilogramsandinseveralcountriesespeciallytheUnitedStatesFrancetheNetherlandsJapanandAustraliaoysterfishingisanimportantindustryOystershellsaredredgedbythethousandsoftonsfromshallowbanksandusedforconstructionmaterialandotherpurposes.AnumberofmolluskspopularlycalledoystersarenotreallymembersofthegenusOstrea;amongtheseare“pearloysters”genusMelagrina.Morethan1000speciesofoystersincludingfossilandlivingspeciesareknown.
4.Theauthor’smajorobjectiveinthisparagraphistoemphasizetheA.unattractiveappearanceoftheoyster.B.importanceoftheoystertoman.C.manydifferentspeciesofoysters.D.Manywaysinwhichoystershellsareused.
5.BystatingthatthepearloysterisnotreallyamemberofthegenusOstreatheauthoristryingtodoallofthefollowingexceptA.relatetowhatthereaderalreadyknows.B.dispelamyth.C.showthateverythingthatlookslikeanoysterisn’tone.D.explaintheprocessofpearlformation.
6.Theauthorseemstobemostintriguedwiththeoyster’sA.annualproductionoffoodfortheworld.B.practicallymotionlesspositioninthesea.C.geologichistory.D.contrastingbadlooksandextremeimportance.Passage3Rockswhichhavesolidifieddirectlyfrommoltenmaterialsarecalledigneousrocks.Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.Igneousrockscomposethegreaterpartoftheearth’screstbuttheyaregenerallycoveredatthesurfacebyarelativelythinlayerofsedimentaryormetamorphicrocks.Igneousrocksaredistinguishedbythefollowingcharacteristics:1theycontainnofossils;2theyhavenoregulararrangementoflayers;and3theyarenearlyalwaysmadeupofcrystals.Sedimentaryrocksarecomposedlargelyofminutefragmentsderivedfromthedisintegrationofexistingrocksandinsomeinstancesfromtheremainsofanimals.Assedimentsaretransportedindividualfragmentsaresortedaccordingtosize.
①Distinctlayersofsuchsedimentsasgravelssandandclaybuildupastheyaredepositedbywaterandoccasionallywind.Thesesedimentsvaryionsizewiththematerialandthepoweroftheerodingagent.Sedimentarymaterialsarelaiddowninlayerscalledstrata.Whensedimentshardenintosedimentaryrocksthenamesappliedtothemchangetoindicatethechangeinphysicalstate.Thussmallstonesandgravelcementedtogetherareknownasconglomerates;cementedsandbecomessandstone;andhardenedclaybecomesshale.Inadditiontotheseothersedimentaryrockssuchaslimestonefrequentlyresultfromthedepositionofdissolvedmaterial.Theingredientpartsarenormallyprecipitatedbyorganicsubstancessuchasshellsofclamsorhardskeletonsofothermarinelife.Bothigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybechangedbypressureheatsolutionorcementingaction.
②Whenindividualgrainsfromexistingrockstendtodeformandinterlocktheyarecalledmetamorphicrocks.Forexamplegraniteanigneousmaybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.Limestoneasedimentaryrockwhensubjectedtoheatandpressuremaybecomemarbleametamorphicrock.Shaleunderpressurebecomesslate.
7.WhichofthefollowingisametamorphicrockA.GraniteB.ShaleC.LimestoneD.Slate
8.Ifarockformationisstratifiedwemayassumethat___A.istheresultofvolcanicactionB.iscrystallineinstructureC.wasbuiltupoveraperiodofyearsD.ismetamorphic
9.Ifagranitequarrywemayexpecttofind___A.strataB.limestoneC.gravelbedsD.notraceoffossils2Putthetwounderlinedsentencesinpassage3intoChinese:2×3%=6%III.Therearetwoversionsforeachsentenceoreachgroupofsentences.Choosethebetteroneandwriteyouranswerattheendofthispart.(9×2%=18%)
1.HardlyayearnowpasseswithoutShanghailosingitstraditionaldominanceinanotherfieldorproduct.A.上海几乎每年都要失去其在一个领域里或一种产品上的传统优势B.现在一年又已快过去,但上海在另一领域或产品上并没有失去它固有的优势
2.Thiswasoneofthesecretsofhisgreatpopularity;butitwasapopularitywhichwasasunsettledasthewaves.Itswelledandbubbledandfoamedforawhileonlytorecedeandbelosttoitsformerpossessor.A.这就是他博得巨大声望的一个秘诀;但是这种声望如同波涛一样起伏不定它一时之间浪涛高涨,随后又潮退水落,终于在原来具有这种声望的人身上荡然无存B.这就是他博得巨大声望的一个秘诀;但是这种声望如同波涛一样起伏不定它在短暂的时间内,如日中天,盛极一时,炙手可热,但转瞬之间又烟消云散,终于在原来有此声望的人身上消失了
3.Theworkofmyfirstdaywastypicalofmanyatthattime.A.我第一天的工作情况是当时许多人的工作的一个典型B.我第一天的工作情况是我当时工作的典型情况
4.Hemaintainedthatitwouldbeamistaketoholdupprogressintheb8ilateraltalkoveramatterwhichinvolvedothers.A.他认为,要想使双方会谈继续取得进展,竟又涉及其他国家,这是错误的B.他认为,为了讨论其他国家问题而举行的这次双边会谈不能取得进展,实在是错误的
5.Onehundredandeightyyearsagothesimpleandsublimedoctrineofequalitywaspreachedandtaughtandacteduponbutthatdoctrinehadlongbeenlostsightof.A.一百八十年前,人们鼓吹、传授朴素崇高的平等原则,并身体力行,但那个原则早经忘却了B.一百八十年前,朴素崇高的平等原则被人们鼓吹、传授和奉行,但那个原则早经被忘却了
6.Iwasfeelingfarfromwellasaheavycoldandsorethroatwerereinforcedbytheconsequencesofinoculationagainsttyphoidfever.A.我因患有严重感冒和喉痛,感到很不舒服我的病情因为注射了伤寒预防针而加重了B.我感到很不舒服本来我患有重感冒和喉痛,加上注射了伤寒预防针,病情加重了
7.SolikeafoolIwasjustgoingtospeakwhenhedid.A.于是,不说也罢了,偏偏我傻里傻气地想说点什麽的时候,他却先开口说话了B.于是,当他说话的时候,我傻里傻气地也打算要说点什麽
8.Theirlanguagewasalmostunrestrainedbyanymotivesofprudence.A.他们几乎爱讲什麽就讲什麽,全然不考虑什麽慎重的问题B.他们的言论几乎不受任何深思熟虑的动机的约束
9.TheirrelationswerevinegaralthoughMr.AwhenspeakingofMr.Binhisabsencewasacidlycorrect.A.他们之间的关系挺别扭,虽然A先生在背后谈起B先生时语中带刺但还不失分寸B.他们之间的关系挺别扭,虽然A先生在背后谈起B先生时是尖刻而正确的IV.Translatethedarkenedparagraphsinthepassages.ThefirstpassageisforEnglishmajorsandthesecondoneisfornon-Englishmajors.40%Passage1forEnglishmajorsAhitsongofthelate1980swasTracyChapman’s“FastCar”withitspoignantlyricaboutayoungblackgirljoyridingwithherboyfriend:CitylightslayoutbeforeusAndyouarmfeltnicewrapped’roundmyshoulderAndIhadafeelingthatIbelongedAndIhavefeelingIcouldbesomeonebesomeonebesomeone.Tobesomeonebesomeone--oneofthedeepurgesofthehumanheart;perhapsifweknewhowtoreckonsuchthingswithfinalitythedeepestofall.Itisaneedthatbecomesmoreintenselyfelt--andalsomoredifficulttosatisfy--asthecourseofhistorycarriedusallfurtherawayfromtheoldrealitiesthatstructuredouridentitiesandlifeexperiencesforus.Aswebecomepossessorsofindividualselveswebecomemorefreeandinanothersenseunbearablyburdened:eachofushasthisthingthislifeandsocietyseemstobetellingusthatwehavetodetermineforourselveswhatshapeittakes--createouridentitiescreateourexperiences.Besomebody.Besomebodygood.Behappy.Beyourself.InthefilmTheDeadPoets’SocietytheteacherplayedbyRobinWilliamstakeshisstudentsoutintoacourtyardandtellsthemtowalkaround.Don’tjustwalklikeeverybodyelsehetellsthem:findyourownwaytwalk.Beanindividual.Andthatisoneofoursociety’smainmessagesblaredatusfromalldirections.IdonotmeantocomedowntooheavilyonDeadPoetswhichIthoughtwasarathergoodmovie.Itjusthappenstobeaconvenientexampleofaverycommonpieceofprogrammingweallgetconstantly.IcouldhaveeasilypickedonFrankSinatrasinging“Ididitmyway”oronanyofthousandsofotherexhortationstobesomebodythatareexpressedinourpopularculture.Themoreweheedthoseexhortationsthemorewetrytoconformtooursociety’snormandbecomeindividualsthemorechoiceswearerequiredtomake.WedonotasIhavealreadypointedouthavethechoiceaboutwhetherornottomakechoices.Thebestyoucandoifyouwanttoavoidchoicemakingistoliveyourlifewithinacultorafundamentalistreligionoratraditionalsocietyandtrytopersuadeyourselfyouhavenotchosenthat.Yetobviouslywedonothavecompletefreedomeithertochoosewhotobeandhowtofeel.Lifeisnotanequalopportunityemployer.Weareallcommandedtomakeourownlives--butsomeofusdoeverythingpossibletopretendwedidn’thear;othersacceptthechallengejoyfullyandthendiscoverthatnotalldoorsareopenorthatsocietydoesn’tlikethewaywewalkafterall.TheethosofthepersonallycreatedlifeisprobablystrongestinAmericalandoftheself-mademan.ItwasmemorablyexpressedinTheGreatGatsbyScottFitzgerald’smythicnovelaboutJimmyGatzanAmericanDonQuixotewhosucceeded--atleastforawhile--inmakingaworldcommensuratewithhisfantasies.Butthedriftofculturalchangeisinthedirectionofforcingeveryonetobefreerequiringeveryonetocreatepersonalidentityandexperiencehoweversparsetheresources.Thestruggletobesomeoneisaglobalstrugglenow.Everymorningbillionsofpairsofeyesopenandbillionsofsocietiesofmindsetforthontheadventuresofselfhood.Formanytheadventureonlyrarelyrisesabovethelevelofastruggletokeepthebodyalivebuteventhemostmiserableamongusalsoheartheaspirationsoftheself--the“me”cravingreassurancethataitexistsandbitisgood;themodern“me”thatpursueshappinessandbelievesthatwhateverhappinessitfindswillbewhatithastakenorcreatedandnotwhathasbeenhandeddownbyfate.Passage2fornon-EnglishmajorsTheglobalwarmersOfallthegreenhousegasescarbondioxideisthemostsignificant.HumanactivitieshaveincreasedtheamountofatmosphericCObyabout26percentsincetheIndustrialRevolutionmainlythroughtheburningoffossilfuelscoaloilandnaturalgas.ThedestructionofvastareasofforestparticularlyinSouthAmericaalsohasanimportantimpactonatmosphericCO:forestsactasnatural“sponges”whichsoakupthisgasfromtheatmosphereandfixthecarboninplantmatter.IfthetreesarechoppeddownandburntorlefttodecomposethecarbonisreleasedagainasCO..NaturalfluctuationsofthecarboncyclecanbringaboutsubstantialchangesinconcentrationsofatmosphericCO.astheVostokice-corerecordindicates;theimportantquestionishowthenaturalsourcesandsinksremovalpathwaysofCOwillchangeinthefaceofman-madeanthropogenicinputs.Althoughthereisroughlytwohundredtimeslessmethanethancarbondioxideintheatmospheretodayitspotentialroleinglobalwarmingissignificant.MoleculeformoleculeCHhasagreatergreenhousewarmingeffectthanCO.asitisastrongerabsorberofinfraredradiation.SincetheIndustrialRevolutiontheamountofmethaneintheatmospherehasdoubled.Avarietyofhumanactivitieshavecontributedtothisriselargelyconnectedwithagricultureandlandmanagement.Thecultivationofriceinpaddyfieldsmakesthebiggestcontribution:riceplantsproducemethaneastheygrow.RiceproductionnearlyallofwhichispractisedinAsiahasapproximatelydoubledsince
1940.Ruminantanimalssuchascattleandsheepbrewupconsiderablequantitiesofmethaneintheirdigestivesystemsexpulsionofwhichrepresentsthesecondmostimportantanthropogenicsource.Burningofvegetationintropicalforestsandsavannahsreleasesmethanewhileothersourcesincludethefermentationanddecayoforganicwastesinrubbishtipsandlandfillsandtheleakageofnaturalgasduringcoalminingandgasdrillingandtransmissionalongpipelines.Buttherearesubstantialnaturalsourcesofmethanetoo.Microbialprocessesinwetlandssuchasbogsswampsandtundraproduceroughlyasmuchmethaneaspaddyfieldsnowdowhiletermitecommunitiesarethoughttoemitasmuchasisproducedbyburningofvegetation.Biologicalprocessesinoceanslakesandriversalsoproducesmallquantitiesofmethane.Themostimportantsinkforatmosphericmethaneisitschemicaldestructionintheatmosphere.Thetroposphere--thatpartoftheatmosphereextendingfromgroundleveltoanaltitudeofabout10-15kilometers--containssignificantquantitiesofreactivehydroxylOHspecies.Theseattackmethanetoformavarietyofproductsincludingcarbonmonoxideandwaterbothofwhichhoweverthemselvescontributetoglobalwarming.参赛要求
1、填写报名登记表(姓名、性别、所在学校院系、班级、通讯地址和联系电话),送交初赛答卷(答卷纸自备),并缴纳报名费(学生)20元/人,(在职人员)40元/人;2、本试题第IV.题Passage1英语专业组必做,Passage2英语非专业组必做;3、前两届(
2001、2002年)大赛三等奖(含三等)以上获奖者,持获奖证书报名,可直接进入决赛名单,但还是必须参加初赛,并缴纳报名费报名地点
1、湖北省翻译工作者协会秘书处(汉口解放大道1429号市总工会侧门五楼)联系电话85800191(省译协秘书处)86791955(楚天金报)
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