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TOC\o1-3\h\z\u使用说明(必读)12010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题3SectionIUseofEnglish3SectionIIReadingComprehension4PartA5PartB11PartC13SectionⅢWriting14PartA14PartB142009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题15SectionIUseofEnglish15SectionIIReadingComprehension17PartA17PartB23PartC25SectionⅢWriting25PartA25PartB262009年考研英语真题答案272008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题29SectionIUseofEnglish29SectionIIReadingComprehension31PartA31PartB37PartC39SectionIIIWriting40PartA40PartB402008年考研英语真题答案422007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题44SectionIUseofEnglish44SectionIIReadingComprehension47PartA47PartB54PartC56SectionIIIWriting57PartA57PartB572007年考研英语真题答案582006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题60SectionIUseofEnglish60SectionIIReadingComprehension63PartA63PartB70PartC72SectionIIIWriting73PartA73PartB732006年考研英语真题答案752005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题77SectionIUseofEnglish77SectionIIReadingComprehension80PartA80PartB87PartC89SectionIIIWriting90PartA90PartB902005年考研英语真题答案922004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题94SectionIListeningComprehension94PartA94PartB94PartC95SectionIIUseofEnglish97SectionIIIReadingComprehension101PartA101PartB107SectionIVWriting1092004年考研英语真题答案1102003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题112SectionIListeningComprehension112PartA112PartB112PartC113SectionIIUseofEnglish115SectionIIIReadingComprehension119PartA119PartB126SectionIVWriting1262003年考研英语真题答案1282002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题130SectionIListeningComprehension130PartA130PartB131PartC131SectionIIUseofEnglish134SectionIIIReadingComprehension138PartA138PartB145SectionIVWriting1452002年考研英语真题答案1472001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题149SectionIStructureandVocabulary149PartA149PartB151SectionIIClozeTest155SectionIIIReadingComprehension159SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation166SectionVWriting1672001年考研英语真题答案1692000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题171SectionIStructureandVocabulary171PartA171PartB173PartC174SectionIIClozeTest179SectionIIIReadingComprehension180SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation188SectionVWriting1892000年考研英语真题答案1901999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题192SectionIStructureandVocabulary192PartA192PartB194PartC195SectionIIClozeTest199SectionIIIReadingComprehension201SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation209SectionVWriting2091999年考研英语真题答案2111998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题213SectionIStructureandVocabulary213PartA213PartB215PartC216SectionIIClozeTest220SectionIIIReadingComprehension222SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation230SectionVWriting2311998年考研英语真题答案2331997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题235SectionIStructureandVocabulary235PartA235PartB237PartC238SectionIIClozeTest242SectionIIIReadingComprehension244SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation251SectionVWriting2521997年考研英语真题答案2541996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题256SectionIStructureandVocabulary256PartA256PartB258PartC259SectionIIClozeTest263SectionIIIReadingComprehension265SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation272SectionVWriting2731996年考研英语真题答案2741995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题276SectionIStructureandVocabulary276PartA276PartB278PartC279SectionIIClozeTest283SectionIIIReadingComprehension285SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation292SectionVWriting2931995年考研英语真题答案2941994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题296SectionIStructureandVocabulary296PartA296PartB298PartC299SectionIIClozeTest303SectionIIIReadingComprehension305SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation311SectionVWriting3121994年考研英语真题答案3141993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题316SectionIStructureandVocabulary316SectionIIReadingComprehension321SectionIIIClozeTest326SectionIVError-detectionandCorrection329SectionVEnglish-ChineseTranslation331SectionVIWriting3311993年考研英语真题答案3331992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题335SectionIStructureandVocabulary335SectionIIReadingComprehension340SectionIIIClozeTest345SectionIVError-detectionandCorrection347SectionVEnglish-ChineseTranslation349SectionVIWriting3501992年考研英语真题答案3511991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题353SectionIStructureandVocabulary353SectionIIReadingComprehension358SectionIIIClozeTest363SectionIVError-detectionandCorrection366SectionVEnglish-ChineseTranslation367SectionVIWriting3681991年考研英语真题答案3691990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题371SectionIStructureandVocabulary371SectionIIReadingComprehension373SectionIIIClozeTest377SectionIVError-detectionandCorrection379SectionVVerbForms381SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslation381SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation3821990年考研英语真题答案3841989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题386SectionIStructureandVocabulary386SectionIIReadingComprehension388SectionIIIClozeTest393SectionIVError-detectionandCorrection395SectionVVerbForms396SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslation397SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation3971989年考研英语真题答案3991988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题401SectionIStructureandVocabulary401SectionIIReadingComprehension403SectionIIIClozeTest408SectionIVError-detectionandCorrection410SectionVVerbForms411SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslation412SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation4121988年考研英语真题答案4141987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题416SectionIStructureandVocabulary416SectionIIReadingComprehension418SectionIIIStructureandVocabulary422SectionIVClozeTest424SectionVVerbForms426SectionVIError-detectionandCorrection427SectionVIIChinese-EnglishTranslation429SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation4291987年考研英语真题答案4311986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题433SectionIStructureandVocabulary433SectionIIClozeTest435SectionIIIReadingComprehension437SectionIVStructureandVocabulary440SectionVError-detectionandCorrection442SectionVIVerbForms444SectionVIIChinese-EnglishTranslation444SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation4451986年考研英语真题答案4461985年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题448SectionIStructureandVocabulary448SectionIIClozeTest450SectionIIIReadingComprehension453SectionIVStructureandVocabulary454SectionVError-detectionandCorrection456SectionVIVerbForms457SectionVIIChinese-EnglishTranslation458SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation4591985年考研英语真题答案4611984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题464SectionIStructureandVocabulary464SectionIIClozeTest469SectionIIIReadingComprehension471SectionIVStructureandVocabulary472SectionVError-detectionandCorrection474SectionVIVerbForms476SectionVIIChinese-EnglishTranslation477SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation4771984年考研英语真题答案4791983年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题482SectionIStructureandVocabulary482SectionIIVerbForms484SectionIIIError-detection484SectionIVClozeTest485SectionVReadingComprehension488SectionVIStructureandVocabulary489SectionVIIChinese-EnglishTranslation491SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation4911983年考研英语真题答案4931982年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题495SectionIStructureandVocabulary495SectionIIVerbForms497SectionIIIError-detection498SectionIVClozeTest499SectionVReadingComprehension501SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslation503SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation5031982年考研英语真题答案5051981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题507SectionIStructureandVocabulary507SectionIIError-detection510SectionIIISentenceMaking511SectionIVVerbForms511SectionVClozeTest512SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslation513SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation5131981年考研英语真题答案5161980年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题519SectionIUseofPrepositions519SectionIIVerbTenses519SectionIIIVerbForms520SectionIVStructureandVocabulary521SectionVError-detection523SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslation524SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation5241980年考研英语真题答案527使用说明(必读)—爱你需要理由么?
1.本文件包括自我国研究生入学实行统考以来(1980—2010年)所有31套全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案是我花费数百小时,反复逐字审校、多方考证制作而成这是一份凝结着无限心血的、以当今世界一流技术精心打造的、美仑美奂至不可思议的、不论内容还是形式均堪称一流的、正确率接近词典级的文档!她囊括31年真题,可谓工程浩大,功在当代,利及千秋;她美观准确,引领中国互联网走向精致时代!本文档由大家学习网出品、首发
2.试题及答案均经无数遍仔细校对,是无比准确的电子版本(正确率基本接近词典级)但错误肯定还有,请各位不吝指正(请来大家论坛本文档发布帖跟帖指正)为了感谢大家的指正,为了打造真正词典级文档,为了大幅度提高中国人民—尤其是中国考生—的生活品质(窃以为,词典级真题文本是考研复习资料中最最重要的“基础设施”),本人筹措专款数千元用于奖励(应该是绰绰有余了),基本的奖励标准是一个标点符号2元,一个单词3元,一个句子5元,错误、遗漏、多余等都算,每处错误当然只能奖励一次,当然奖给最先指正者纠错必须在本文档发布帖跟帖指出(不是没有诚意,因为你发在别处我未必能看见啊,而且还有一个指正的先后顺序问题)具体奖励办法请看专帖错误标准和奖励办法对于核实的错误,会立即改正,立即更新本文档,真正实现“有错知错,知错就改”的理想!
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5.预祝大家轻松考出满意高分(简称“满分”,呵呵)!祝你成功!阁明俊2010年1月16日2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections: Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsIn1924AmericasNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearChicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlightingworkersproductivity.InsteadthestudiesendedgivingtheirnametotheHawthorneeffecttheextremelyinfluentialideathattheverytobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjectsbehavior.TheideaarosebecauseofthebehaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.Accordingtooftheexperimentstheirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreasedbutalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnotwhatwasdoneintheexperiment;somethingwaschangedproductivityrose.Anthattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobetoalterworkersbehavioritself.Afterseveraldecadesthesamedataweretoeconometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestorethedescriptionsonrecordnosystematicwasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehavelettointerpretationofwhathapped.lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMondayoutputrosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayandtoriseforthenextcoupleofdays.acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMondayworkerstobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycasebeforeaplateauandthenslackeningoff.ThissuggeststhattheallegedHawthorneeffectishardtopindown.
1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored
2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off
3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof
4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous
5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments
6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work
7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas
8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion
9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant
10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by
11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed
12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto
13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source
14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading
15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual
16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly
17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued
20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.40pointsText1OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-centuryperhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.WeareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaperreviewspublishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarIIatatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdaysitwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.TheirswasaseriousbusinessandeventhosereviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightlylikeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewmancouldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemenbelievedinjournalismasacallingandwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainsenoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournalism”Newmanwrote“thatIamtemptedtodefine‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriterswhoare.’”Unfortunatelythesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.NevilleCarduswhowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.DuringhislifetimethoughhewasalsooneofEngland’sforemostclassical-musiccriticsastylistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography1947becameabest-seller.Hewasknightedin1967thefirstmusiccritictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprintandhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevivalTheprospectseemsremote.JournalistictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeathandpostmodernreadershavelittleusefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhespecialized.Moreovertheamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.
21.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2that[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsreviews.[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.
22.NewspaperreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterizedby[A]freethemes.[B]casualstyle.[C]elaboratelayout.[D]radicalviewpoints.
23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon[A]Itiswritersdutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.
24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.
25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism[D]ProminentCriticsinMemoryText2Overthepastdecadethousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazon.comreceivedoneforitsone-clickonlinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox.Nowthenationstoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackonbusiness-methodpatentswhichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago.Inamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduseaparticularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBilskiasthecaseisknownisaverybigdealsaysDennisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchooloflaw.Ithasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcaseapprovingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilingsinitiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Latermoveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfilesifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch.In2005IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.SimilarlysomeWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproductsevenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice.TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourtsjudgesratherthanatypicalpanelofthreeandthatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshouldreconsideritsstatestreetBankruling.TheFederalCircuitsactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCourtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastAprilforexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldforinventionsthatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitarereactingtotheanti-patenttrendattheSupremeCourtsaysHaroldC.WegnerapatentattorneyandprofessoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.
26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization
27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.
28.Thewordabout-faceLine1Para3mostprobablymeans[A]lossofgoodwill[B]increaseofhostility[C]changeofattitude[D]enhancementofdignity
29.Welearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks
30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents[D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatentsText3InhisbookTheTippingPointMalcolmGladwellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividualsoftencalledinfluentialswhoareunusuallyinformedpersuasiveorwell-connected.Theideaisintuitivelycompellingbutitdoesntexplainhowideasactuallyspread.Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthetwostepflowofcommunication:Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentialsthoseselectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooksbrandsorneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcasesacursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearingpromotingordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.AnecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecandrivetrendsIntheirrecentworkhoweversomeresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infacttheydontseemtoberequiredofall.TheresearchersargumentstemsfromasimpleobservingaboutsocialinfluencewiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey—whoseoutsizepresenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedianotinterpersonalinfluence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydontinteractwiththatmanyothers.Yetitispreciselythesenon-celebrityinfluentialswhoaccordingtothetwo-step-flowtheoryaresupposedtodrivesocialepidemicsbyinfluencingtheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccurhowevereachpersonsoaffectedmusttheninfluencehisorherownacquaintanceswhomustinturninfluencetheirsandsoon;andjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistantforexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistantforexamplethecascadeofchangewontpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluencetheresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeoplesabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobeinfluenced.Ourworkshowsthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatwecallglobalcascades–thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks–isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbutratherofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeopleeachofwhomadoptssayalookorabrandafterbeingexposedtoasingleadoptingneighbor.Regardlessofhowinfluentialanindividualislocallyheorshecanexertglobalinfluenceonlyifthiscriticalmassisavailabletopropagateachainreaction.
31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPointtheauthorintendsto[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics[B]discussinfluentialsfunctioninspreadingideas[C]exemplifypeoplesintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials.
32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthetwo-step-flowtheory[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity
33.Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions[B]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic[D]mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaattention
34.Theunderlinedphrasethesepeopleinparagraph4referstotheoneswho[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers[D]areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential
35.whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted[B]Theimpulsetoinfluenceothers[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced[D]TheinclinationtorelyonothersText4Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenestheyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse:theaccountingstandard-setters.Theirrulesmoanthebankshaveforcedthemtoreportenormouslossesanditsjustnotfair.Theserulessaytheymustvaluesomeassetsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpaynotthepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.Unfortunatelybankslobbyingnowseemstobeworking.Thedetailsmaybeunknowablebuttheindependenceofstandard-settersessentialtotheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarketsisbeingcompromised.Andunlessbankscarrytoxicassetsatpricesthatattractbuyersrevivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.AfterabruisingencounterwithCongressAmericasFinancialAccountingStandardsBoardFASBrushedthroughrulechanges.Thesegavebanksmorefreedomtousemodelstovalueilliquidassetsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossesonlong-termassetsintheirincomestatement.BobHerztheFASBschairmancriedoutagainstthosewhoquestionourmotives.Yetbanksharesroseandthechangesenhancewhatonelobbygrouppolitelycallstheuseofjudgmentbymanagement.EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandardsBoardIASBdolikewise.TheIASBsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanningbutthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.CharlieMcCreevyaEuropeancommissionerwarnedtheIASBthatitdidnotliveinapoliticalvacuumbutintherealwordandthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanetwithaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedassets.Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstatelossesbecausetheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarketsnotthelikelyextentofbaddebts.Thetruthwillnotbeknownforyears.Butbankssharestradebelowtheirbookvaluesuggestingthatinvestorsareskeptical.Anddeadmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwillnotsellassetsforfearofbookinglossesyetarereluctanttobuyallthosesupposedbargains.Togetthesystemworkingagainlossesmustberecognizedanddealtwith.Americasnewplantobuyuptoxicassetswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkassetstolevelswhichbuyersfindattractive.Successfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombativestandard-setters.TheFASBandIASBhavebeenexactlythatcleaninguprulesonstockoptionsandpensionsforexampleagainsthostilityfromspecialinterests.Butbygivingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemoreconcessions.
36.Bankerscomplainedthattheywereforcedto[A]followunfavorableassetevaluationrules[B]collectpaymentsfromthirdparties[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers[D]reevaluatesomeoftheirassets.
37.AccordingtotheauthortherulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin[A]thediminishingroleofmanagement[B]therevivalofthebankingsystem[C]thebankslong-termassetlosses[D]theweakeningofitsindependence
38.AccordingtoParagraph4McCreevyobjectstotheIASBsattemptto[A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences.[B]evadethepressurefromtheirpeers.[C]actontheirowninrule-setting.[D]takegradualmeasuresinreform.
39.Theauthorthinksthebankswereonthewrongplanetinthatthey[A]misinterpretedmarketpriceindicators[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirassets[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts.[D]deniedbookinglossesintheirsaleofassets.
40.Theauthorsattitudetowardsstandard-settersisoneof[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPartBDirections:ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.10points[A]Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumersgrowingpreferenceforeatingout;theconsumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisenfromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andisexpectedtoapproach38percentby
2005.Thisdevelopmentisboostingwholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5percentayearacrossEuropecomparedwithgrowthinretaildemandof1to2percent.Meanwhileastherecessionisloominglargepeoplearegettinganxious.Theytendtokeepatighterholdontheirpurseandconsidereatingathomearealisticalternative.[B]RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEuropeslargestmarketsareatastandstillleavingEuropeangroceryretailershungryforopportunitiestogrow.Mostleadingretailershavealreadytriede-commercewithlimitedsuccessandexpansionabroad.Butalmostallhaveignoredthebigprofitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:thewholesalefoodanddrinktradewhichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed.[C]WillsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefoodanddrinkmarketDefinitelynot.Thefunctioningofthemarketisbasedonflexibletrendsdominatedbypotentialbuyers.Inotherwordsitisuptothebuyerratherthanthesellertodecidewhattobuy.Atanyratethischangewillultimatelybeacclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumersregardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.[D]Allinallthisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscouldprofitablyapplytheirscaleexistinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductrangeslogisticsandmarketingintelligence.RetailersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakeinsubstantialprofitsthereby.Atleastthatishowitlooksasawhole.Closerinspectionrevealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarketsespeciallyintheircustomersegmentsandwholesalestructuresaswellasthecompetitivedynamicsofindividualfoodanddrinkcategories.BigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheirparticularabilitiesmightunseatsmallerbutentrenchedcompetitors.Newskillsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo.[E]Despitevariationsindetailwholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathavebeencloselyexamined—FranceGermanyItalyandSpain—aremadeoutofthesamebuildingblocks.Demandcomesmainlyfromtwosources:independentmom-and-popgrocerystoreswhichunlikelargeretailchainsaretwosmalltobuystraightfromproducersandfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhentheydonteatathome.Suchfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcateringventuresbutmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthetradeashoreca:hotelsrestaurantsandcafes.OverallEuropeswholesalemarketforfoodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarketbutthefigureswhenaddedtogethermasktwoopposingtrends.[F]Forexamplewholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo$268billioninFranceGermanyItalySpainandtheUnitedKingdomin2000—morethan40percentofretailsales.Moreoveraverageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail;wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesectorisgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanseatoutmoreoften;andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.[G]HowevernoneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailersandevensomelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalersfromtryingtheirhandforthosethatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablegains.41→42→43→44→E→45PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET
2.10pointsOnebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.Yetthesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityandifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegritytheyareentitledtocontinuance.Whenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedandifwehappentoloveit.Weinvertexcusestogiveiteconomicimportance.Atthebeginningofcenturysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing.46Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.Itispainfultoreadtheseroundaboutaccountstoday.Wehavenolandethicyet47butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicrightregardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomicadvantagetous.Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.48Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverwordedtheevidencethatthesecreaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweakorthattheypreyonlyonworthlessspecies.Somespeciesoftreehavebeenreadoutofthepartybyeconomics-mindedforestersbecausetheygrowtooslowlyorhavetoolowasalevaletopayastimbercrops.49InEuropewhereforestryisecologicallymoreadvancedthenon-commercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunitytobepreservedassuchwithinreason.Tosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestishopelesslylopsided.50Ittendstoignoreandthuseventuallytoeliminatemanyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvaluebutthatareessentialtoitshealthyfunctioning.ItassumesfalselyIthinkthattheeconomicpartsofthebioticclockwillfunctionwithouttheuneconomicparts.SectionⅢWritingPartA
51.Directions:Youaresupposedtowriteforthepostgraduateassociationanoticetorecruitvolunteersforaninternationalconferenceonglobalizationyoushouldconcludethebasicqualificationofapplicantandtheotherinformationyouthinkrelative.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Usepostgraduateassociationinstead.PartB
52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould1describethedrawingbriefly2explainitsintendedmeaningandthen3giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET
2.20points2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsResearchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmerspieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitflytoliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhatbulbsburnlongerthatthereisaninnotbeingtooterrificallybright.Intelligenceitoutisahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeepburnsmorefuelandisslowthestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning—agradual—insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearnandoneofthethingstheyveapparentlylearnediswhento.IsthereanadaptivevaluetointelligenceThatsthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.InsteadofcastingawistfulglanceatallthespeciesweveleftinthedustI.Q.-wiseitimplicitlyaskswhattherealofourownintelligencemightbe.ThisisthemindofeveryanimalIveevermet.Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswouldonhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanownerisrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethatanimalsranthelabstheywouldtestustothelimitsofourpatienceourfaithfulnessourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreallynotmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.theywouldhopetostudyaquestion:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheyliveintheresultsareinconclusive.
1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine
2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened
3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer
4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority
5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward
6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along
7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual
8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think
9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different
10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward
11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs
12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across
13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply
14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance
15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest
16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach
17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with
18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise
19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile
20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]BetterstillSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.40pointsText1Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlesslysettingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.NotchoicebuthabitrulestheunreflectingherdWilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcenturyeventhewordhabitcarriesanegativeconnotation.Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabitswecreateparallelsynapticpathsandevenentirelynewbraincellsthatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonewinnovativetracks.Butdontbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampustheyretheretostay.Insteadthenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.ThefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwondersaysDawnaMarkovaauthorofTheOpenMindandanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners.ButwearetaughtinsteadtodecidejustasourpresidentcallshimselftheDecider. Sheaddshoweverthattodecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwereunawareshesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analyticallyprocedurallyrelationallyorcollaborativelyandinnovatively.Atpubertyhoweverthebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacitypreservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandproceduremeaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanythingexplainsM.J.Ryanauthorofthe2006bookThisYearIWill...andMs.Markovasbusinesspartner.Thatsaliethatwehaveperpetuatedanditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyouregoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence.Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.
21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing________.A.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable
22.Theresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe________A.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided
23.rutsinlineoneparagraph3hasclosestmeaningto________A.tracksB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections
24.Ms.Markovascommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting________ApreventsnewhabitsformbeingformedBnolongeremphasizescommonnessCmaintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodelDcomplieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem
25.RyanmostprobablyagreethatA.ideasarebornofarelaxingmindB.innovativenesscouldbetaughtC.decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideasD.curiosityactivatescreativemindsText2Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchildbuttodayamancanboosthispaternalfatherlywisdom–oratleastconfirmthathesthekidsdad.Allheneedstodoisshellour$30forpaternitytestingkitPTKathislocaldrugstore–andanother$120togettheresults.Morethan60000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomeavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyearsaccordingtoDougFogchiefoperatingofficerofIdentigenewhichmakestheover-the-counterkits.MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublicranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$
2500.Amongthemostpopular:paternityandkinshiptestingwhichadoptedchildrencanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamilysgeographicroots.Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothecompanyfortesting.AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.ButsomeobserversareskepticalThereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytestingsaysTreyDusteraNewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesback.YetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineageeithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafatherslineormitochondrialDNAwhichapasseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoancestorseventhoughforexamplejustthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesixothergreat-grandparentsorfourgenerationsback14othergreat-great-grandparents.Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdontrelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.Inadditionthecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.
26.Inparagraphs1and2thetextshowsPTKs___________.[A]easyavailability[B]flexibilityinpricing[C]successfulpromotion[D]popularitywithhouseholds
27.PTKisusedto__________.[A]locateonesbirthplace[B]promotegeneticresearch[C]identifyparent-childkinship[D]choosechildrenforadoption
28.Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto__________.[A]tracedistantancestors[B]rebuildreliablebloodlines[C]fullyusegeneticinformation[D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy
29.Inthelastparagraphaproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis__________.[A]disorganizeddatacollection[B]overlappingdatabasebuilding[C]excessivesamplecomparison[D]lackofpatentevaluation
30.Anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe__________.[A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting[B]DNAtestingandItsproblems[C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab[D]liesbehindDNAtestingText3Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalikeprogressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocialpoliticalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;howevertheconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisitbecauseneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityandasaresultradicallyhigherstandardsofliving.IronicallythefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.NotlongagowiththecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak.TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwasandremainsthegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHondaNissanandToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts--aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.Morerecentlywhileexamininghousingconstructiontheresearchersdiscoveredthatilliteratenon-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHoustonTexasconsistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustryswork.WhatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopmentWehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdontforceit.Afterallthatshoweducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10000yearsagotheydidnthavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.Aseducationimprovedhumanitysproductivitypotentialtheycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessarybutnotasufficientconditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducationhoweverdoesntconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworldsworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforestedfuture.Onthecontraryconstraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisntdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.
31.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportantofeducationinpoorcountries___________.[A]issubjectgroundlessdoubts[B]hasfallenvictimofbias[C]isconventionaldowngraded[D]hasbeenoverestimated
32.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem__________.[A]challengeseconomistsandpoliticians[B]takeseffortsofgenerations[C]demandspriorityfromthegovernment[D]requiressufficientlaborforce
33.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.Sworkforcesisthat__________.[A]theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined[B]theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive[C]theU.Sworkforcehasabettereducation[D]theU.Sworkforceismoreorganize
34.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged__________.[A]whenpeoplehadenoughtime[B]priortobetterwaysoffindingfood[C]whenpeopleonlongerwenthung[D]asaresultofpressureongovernment
35.Accordingtothelastparagraphdevelopmentofeducation__________.[A]resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments[B]doesnotdependoneconomicperformance[C]followsimprovedproductivity[D]cannotaffordpoliticalchangesText4Themostthoroughlystudiedinthehistoryofthenewworldaretheministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophynowhereelseincolonialAmericawasSomuchimportantattachedtointellectualpursuitsAccordingtomanybooksandarticlesNewEnglandsleadersestablishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfoldingdominantPuritantraditioninAmericanintellectuallife.TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwiththePuritanstheologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch-importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.ButinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallifewemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeancultureadjustingtoNewworldcircumstances.TheNewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressiveeducationandinfluenceinEngland.`BesidestheninetyorsolearnedministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629TherewerepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthropaneducatedgentlemanlawyerandofficialoftheCrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.TheremenwroteandpublishedextensivelyreachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiencesandgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.WeshouldnotforgethoweverthatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswelleducated.WhilefewcraftsmenorfarmersletalonedependentsandservantsleftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzedTheinthinkingoftenhadatraditionalsuperstitionsquality.AtailornamedJohnDanewhoemigratedinthelate1630sleftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.sexualconfusioneconomicfrustrationsandreligioushope-allnametogetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBibletoldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfateandreadthemagicalwords:comeoutfromamongthemtouchnouncleanthingandIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeople.OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurched.MeanwhilemanysettleshadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDanesasoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewworldforreligion.Ourmainendwastocatchfish.
36.Theauthornotesthatintheseventeenth-centuryNewEngland___________.[A]Puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife.[B]intellectualinterestswereencouraged.[C]Politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavors.[D]intellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironment.
37.Itissuggestedinparagraph2thatNewEnglanders__________.[A]experiencedacomparativelypeacefulearlyhistory.[B]broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorld[C]paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallife[D]wereobsessedwithreligiousinnovations
38.TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusettsBay__________.[A]werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritings[B]gainedincreasingimportanceinreligiousaffairs[C]abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorld[D]createdanewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland
39.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanderswereoften__________.[A]influencedbysuperstitions[B]troubledwithreligiousbeliefs[C]puzzledbychurchsermons[D]frustratedwithfamilyearnings
40.ThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEngland__________.[A]weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivities[B]weremotivatedbyanillusoryprospect[C]camefromdifferentbackgrounds.[D]leftfewformalrecordsforlaterreferencePartBDirections:Directions:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsCoincidingwiththegroundbreakingtheoryofbiologicalevolutionproposedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860sBritishsocialphilosopherHerbertSpencerputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicalandculturalevolution.Spencerarguedthatallworldlyphenomenaincludinghumansocietieschangedovertimeadvancingtowardperfection.
41.____________.Intheearly1900sinNorthAmericaGerman-bornAmericananthropologistFranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureknownashistoricalparticularism.Historicalparticularismwhichemphasizedtheuniquenessofallculturesgavenewdirectiontoanthropology.
43._____________.Boasfeltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodastheresultofauniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroaderevolutionarystageortypeofculture.
44._______________.HistoricalparticularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofcultureinAmericananthropologylargelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudentsofBoas.Butanumberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salsorejectedtheparticularisttheoryofcultureinfavorofdiffusionism.Someattributedvirtuallyeveryimportantculturalachievementtotheinventionsofafewespeciallygiftedpeoplesthataccordingtodiffusioniststhenspreadtoothercultures.
45.________________.Alsointheearly1900sFrenchsociologistÉmileDurkheimdevelopedatheoryofculturethatwouldgreatlyinfluenceanthropology.Durkheimproposedthatreligiousbeliefsfunctionedtoreinforcesocialsolidarity.Aninterestintherelationshipbetweenthefunctionofsocietyandculture—knownasfunctionalism—becameamajorthemeinEuropeanandespeciallyBritishanthropology.[A]Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovationssuchasinventionshadasingleoriginandpassedfromsocietytosociety.Thistheorywasknownasdiffusionism.[B]InordertostudyparticularculturesascompletelyaspossibleBoasbecameskilledinlinguisticsthestudyoflanguagesandinphysicalanthropologythestudyofhumanbiologyandanatomy.[C]Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastrugglehecalledthesurvivalofthefittestinwhichweakerracesandsocietiesmusteventuallybereplacedbystrongermoreadvancedracesandsocieties.[D]Theyalsofocusedonimportantritualsthatappearedtopreserveapeoplessocialstructuresuchasinitiationceremoniesthatformallysignifychildrensentranceintoadulthood.[E]Thusinhisviewdiverseaspectsofculturesuchasthestructureoffamiliesformsofmarriagecategoriesofkinshipownershipofpropertyformsofgovernmenttechnologyandsystemsoffoodproductionallchangedassocietiesevolved.[F]Supportersofthetheoryviewedasacollectionofintegratedpartsthatworktogethertokeepasocietyfunctioning.[G]ForexampleBritishanthropologistsGraftonElliotSmithandW.J.PerryincorrectlysuggestedonthebasisofinadequateinformationthatfarmingpotterymakingandmetallurgyalloriginatedinancientEgyptanddiffusedthroughouttheworld.Infactalloftheseculturaldevelopmentsoccurredseparatelyatdifferenttimesinmanypartsoftheworld.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET
2.10pointsThereisamarkeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhicheveryonegetsfromlivingwithothersandthedeliberateeducatingoftheyoung.Intheformercasetheeducationisincidental;itisnaturalandimportantbutitisnottheexpressreasonoftheassociation.46Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience;butthiseffectisnotapartofitsoriginalmotive.Religiousassociationsbeganforexampleinthedesiretosecurethefavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoffevilinfluences;familylifeinthedesiretogratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetuity;systematiclaborforthemostpartbecauseofenslavementtoothersetc.47Onlygraduallywastheby-productoftheinstitutionnotedandonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffectconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductoftheinstitution.Eventodayinourindustriallifeapartfromcertainvaluesofindustriousnessandthrifttheintellectualandemotionalreactionoftheformsofhumanassociationunderwhichtheworldsworkiscarriedonreceiveslittleattentionascomparedwithphysicaloutput.Butindealingwiththeyoungthefactofassociationitselfasanimmediatehumanfactgainsinimportance.48Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwiththemtheeffectofouractsupontheirdispositionitisnotsoeasyasindealingwithadults.Theneedoftrainingistooevident;thepressuretoaccomplishachangeintheirattitudeandhabitsistoourgenttoleavetheseconsequenceswhollyoutofaccount.49Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareinacommonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornoweareformingthepowerswhichwillsecurethisability.Ifhumanityhasmadesomeheadwayinrealizingthattheultimatevalueofeveryinstitutionisitsdistinctivelyhumaneffectwemaywellbelievethatthislessonhasbeenlearnedlargelythroughdealingswiththeyoung.50Wearethusledtodistinguishwithinthebroadeducationalprocesswhichwehavebeensofarconsideringamoreformalkindofeducation--thatofdirecttuitionorschooling.Inundevelopedsocialgroupswefindverylittleformalteachingandtraining.Thesegroupsmainlyrelyforinstillingneededdispositionsintotheyounguponthesamesortofassociationwhichkeepstheadultsloyaltotheirgroup.SectionⅢWritingPartA
51.Directions:Restrictionsontheuseofplasticbagshavenotbeensosuccessfulinsomeregions.Whitepollutionisstillgoingon.WritealettertotheeditorsofyourlocalnewspapertogiveyouropinionsbrieflyandmaketwoorthreesuggestionsYoushouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.PartB
52.Directions:Inyouressayyoushould1describethedrawingbriefly2explainitsintendedmeaningandthen3giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET
2.20points2009年考研英语真题答案SectionI:UseofEnglish10points
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46.虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用,但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分
47.人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这—副产品,而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢
48.虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响,然而在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生
49.由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融,因此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量
50.这就使我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育形式,即直接讲授或学校教育SectionIII:Writing30pointsPartA10points
51.参考范文DearEditor:Iamwritingthislettertodrawyourattentiontothedeterioratingsituationof“whitepollution”insomeregionsdespitetheimplementationofrestrictionsontheuseofplasticbags.Inordertoputaneffectivestoptothewidespreadof“whitepollution”Iwouldliketomakethefollowingsuggestions.Firstlythepriceofplasticbagsshouldbefurtherraised;Secondlyspecialgovernmentdepartmentsshouldbeestablishedtosupervisethemakingandusingofplasticbagstoensuretheyareusedwhenreallyneeded.Ihopemysuggestionswouldbeofhelpandthankyouforyourattention.SincerelyYoursLiMingPartB20points
52.参考范文Vividlydepictedinthecartoonisaraceofhumansonasocialnetworkthatareisolatedintheirownlittlecubicles.TheyareallsittinginfrontoftheircomputersconnectedtoeachotherthroughtheInternetandtheirdevotedlooksandposturesshowedtheiraddictiontotheInternet.ThiscartoonIbelieveintendstodrawourattentionstothenegativeeffectstheInternethasbroughttoourdailylifeasitbringsinsomebenefitssuchaseasyaccesstoinformationinstantcommunicationwithpeoplefromafarandcheapcostofcommunication.ThemorepeoplearehookedtotheNetthemoreisolatedtheyarefromtherealworld.SincepeoplecaneasilypretendtheiridentitiesontheInterneteverythingonlinebecomesillusiveanduntrustworthy.TheInternetwhichwasintendedtobringpeopleclosertoeachotherineffectpreventspeoplefrommakingrealacquaintancesthatonecanmakewithacasualexchangeofgreetingsandeye-contactinaface-to-facecommunication.Seriousconsequencessuchasfearofreal-timeinteractionsonlinecheatingorblackmailingmayfollowiftheuseoftheInternetisnotbroughtundersystematiccontrol.IstronglysuggestthatpeopleonlyusetheInternetfornecessarybusinesstransactionsandpersonalcontactswiththosetheyhavealreadyknownfacetoface.2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsTheideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranistosayitanyway.Heisthatbirdascientistwhoworksindependentlyanyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnotthoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfectionswhicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.hehowevermighttrembleattheofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientistsheispublishingapaperwhichnotonlythatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothersbutexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.ThegroupinareaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest12-15pointsabovethevalueof100andhavecontributedtotheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWestastheoftheirelitesincludingseveralworld-renownedscientists.Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseasessuchasbreastcancer.Thesefactshavepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeentosocialeffectssuchasastrongtraditionofeducation.Thelatterwasseenasaanofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehasthemtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthisstateofaffairs.
1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased
2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare
3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against
4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately
5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence
6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk
7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects
8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question
9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating
10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total
11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably
12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers
13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve
14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile
15.[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown
16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing
17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument
18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined
19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed
20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuousSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.40pointsText1Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlifewomenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen”accordingtoDr.YehudachiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponsecausingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudieswhenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovariesthefemalereproductiveorgansremovedtheirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicalsareherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s”sheobserves“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituationsbyunfortunatelyparentsorotherfamilymembersandtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoasonbutwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescapetogotoschoolandgetaheadanddobetter.”Laterhermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenagerhaveajobpaytherentpaythecarpaymentandpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligationswithfewbreaksandfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.
21.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs[A]Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.[B]Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.[C]Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.[D]Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.
22.Dr.Yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen[A]needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.[B]havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.[C]aremorecapableofavoidingstress.[D]areexposedtomorestress.
23.AccordingtoParagraph4thestresswomenconfronttendstobe[A]domesticandtemporary.[B]irregularandviolent.[C]durableandfrequent.[D]trivialandrandom.
24.Thesentence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”Line6Para.5showsthat[A]Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.[B]Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.[C]Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.[D]Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext[A]StrainofStress:NoWayOut[B]ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference[C]StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay[D]GenderInequality:WomenUnderStressText2Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors’namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceivedtheeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisherandresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.Nolonger.TheInternet–andpressurefromfundingagencieswhoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit–ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentOECDhasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.ThereportbyJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECDmakesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohavesofarmadehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathasuntilnowbeenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdependsinpartuponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmericathecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientificTechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan
1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16000journals.Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreportsome75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’sauthors.Thereistheso-calledbigdealwhereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishingtypicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthororhisemployertopayforthepapertobepublished.Finallythereareopen-accessarchiveswhereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethreesuchasdelayedopen-accesswherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonthsbeforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocessatleastforthepublicationofpapers.
26.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthordiscusses[A]thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.[B]thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.[C]therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.[D]thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.
27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport[A]Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.[B]Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.[C]Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.[D]Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.
28.Accordingtothetextonlinepublicationissignificantinthat[A]itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.[B]itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.[C]itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.[D]itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.
29.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodeltheauthorofapaperisrequiredto[A]coverthecostofitspublication.[B]subscribetothejournalpublishingit.[C]allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.[D]completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.
30.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext[A]TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.[B]Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.[C]Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.[D]Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.Text3Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociationNBAlistedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseasonhoweverhewouldhavebeenoneof
42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyearsandmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbiggerlongerframes.Thetrendinsportsthoughmaybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsagotoday’speople–especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations–apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren’tlikelytogetanytaller.“Inthegeneralpopulationtodayatthisgeneticenvironmentallevelwe’veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango”saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayerstheirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.Growthwhichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20demandscaloriesandnutrients–notablyprotein–tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcenturyunder-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimprovedchildrenandadolescentshaveonaverageincreasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20yearsapatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionaverageheight–5′9″formen5′4″forwomen–hasn’treallychangedsince
1960.Geneticallyspeakingthereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.Duringchildbirthlargerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreovereventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyearsourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.“Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism”saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.Geneticmaximumscanchangebutdon’texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.GordonsenioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatickMass.ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthatunlikethoseforbasketballthelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.AndifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipmentGordonsaysthatbyandlarge“youcouldusetoday’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.”
31.WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto[A]illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.[B]showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S..[C]comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.[D]assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.
32.Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtothetext[A]Geneticmodification.[B]Naturalenvironment.[C]Livingstandards.[D]Dailyexercise.
33.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree[A]Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation.[B]Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture.[C]Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld.[D]Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood.
34.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfuture[A]thegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniformsize.[B]thedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremainunchanged.[C]genetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingsportsmen.[D]theexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeapplicable.
35.Thetextintendstotellusthat[A]thechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern.[B]humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable.[C]Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit.[D]thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered.Text4In1784fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStatesGeorgeWashington52wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw–havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.Butrecentlymanyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation’searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy.MoresignificantlytheyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong–andyetmostdidlittletofightit.Morethananythingthehistorianssaythefounderswerehamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslaverytheyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.ForonethingtheSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.Owningslaveswas“likehavingalargebankaccount”saysWiencekauthorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashingtonHisSlavesandtheCreationofAmerica.ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiarinstitution”includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.Andthestatesmen’spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.OnceinofficeJeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto13statesincludingthreeslavestates.StillJeffersonfreedHemings’schildren–thoughnotHemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves.WashingtonwhohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWarovercamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.OnlyadecadeearliersuchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia.
36.GeorgeWashington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedto[A]showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthepast.[B]demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays.[C]stresstheroleofslavesintheU.S.history.[D]revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife.
37.Wemayinferfromthesecondparagraphthat[A]DNAtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtohistoryresearch.[B]initsearlydaystheU.S.wasconfrontedwithdelicatesituations.[C]historiansdeliberatelymadeupsomestoriesofJefferson’slife.[D]politicalcompromisesareeasilyfoundthroughouttheU.S.history.
38.WhatdowelearnaboutThomasJefferson[A]Hispoliticalviewchangedhisattitudetowardsslavery.[B]Hisstatusasafathermadehimfreethechildslaves.[C]Hisattitudetowardsslaverywascomplex.[D]Hisaffairwithaslavestainedhisprestige.
39.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext[A]SomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromslavery.[B]Slavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttovote.[C]Slaveownersusuallyhadlargesavingsaccounts.[D]Slaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.
40.Washington’sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis[A]moralconsiderations.[B]militaryexperience.[C]financialconditions.[D]politicalstand.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41—45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsThetimeforsharpeningpencilsarrangingyourdeskanddoingalmostanythingelseinsteadofwritinghasended.Thefirstdraftwillappearonthepageonlyifyoustopavoidingtheinevitableandsitstanduporliedowntowrite.41是大家网原创出品Beflexible.Youroutlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepointtothenextbutdonotpermitittorailroadyou.Ifarelevantandimportantideaoccurstoyounowworkitintothedraft.42是大家网原创出品Grammarpunctuationandspellingcanwaituntilyourevise.Concentrateonwhatyouaresaying.Goodwritingmostoftenoccurswhenyouareinhotpursuitofanidearatherthaninanervoussearchforerrors.43是大家网原创出品Yourpageswillbeeasiertokeeptrackofthatwayandifyouhavetoclipaparagraphtoplaceitelsewhereyouwillnotloseanywritingontheotherside.Ifyouareworkingonawordprocessoryoucantakeadvantageofitscapacitytomakeadditionsanddeletionsaswellasmoveentireparagraphsbymakingjustafewsimplekeyboardcommands.Somesoftwareprogramscanalsocheckspellingandcertaingrammaticalelementsinyourwriting.44是大家网原创出品Theseprintoutsarealsoeasiertoreadthanthescreenwhenyouworkonrevisions.Onceyouhaveafirstdraftonpaperyoucandeletematerialthatisunrelatedtoyourthesisandaddmaterialnecessarytoillustrateyourpointsandmakeyourpaperconvincing.Thestudentwhowrote“TheAPasaStateofMind”wiselydroppedaparagraphthatquestionedwhetherSammydisplayschauvinisticattitudestowardwomen.45是大家网原创出品Rememberthatyourinitialdraftisonlythat.Youshouldgothroughthepapermanytimes–andthenagain–workingtosubstantiateandclarifyyourideas.Youmayevenendupwithseveralentireversionsofthepaper.Rewrite.Thesentenceswithineachparagraphshouldberelatedtoasingletopic.Transitionsshouldconnectoneparagraphtothenextsothattherearenoabruptorconfusingshifts.Awkwardorwordyphrasingorunclearsentencesandparagraphsshouldbemercilesslypokedandproddedintoshape.[A]Tomakerevisingeasierleavewidemarginsandextraspacebetweenlinessothatyoucaneasilyaddwordssentencesandcorrections.Writeononlyonesideofthepaper.[B]Afteryouhaveclearlyandadequatelydevelopedthebodyofyourpaperpayparticularattentiontotheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphs.It’sprobablybesttowritetheintroductionlastafteryouknowpreciselywhatyouareintroducing.Concludingparagraphsdemandequalattentionbecausetheyleavethereaderwithafinalimpression.[C]It’sworthrememberinghoweverthatthoughacleancopyfreshoffaprintermaylookterrificitwillreadonlyaswellasthethinkingandwritingthathavegoneintoit.Manywritersprudentlystoretheirdataondisksandprinttheirpageseachtimetheyfinishadrafttoavoidlosinganymaterialbecauseofpowerfailuresorotherproblems.[D]Itmakesnodifferencehowyouwritejustsoyoudo.Nowthatyouhavedevelopedatopicintoatentativethesisyoucanassembleyournotesandbegintofleshoutwhateveroutlineyouhavemade.[E]AlthoughthisisaninterestingissueithasnothingtodowiththethesiswhichexplainshowthesettinginfluencesSammy’sdecisiontoquithisjob.InsteadofincludingthatparagraphsheaddedonethatdescribedLengel’scrabbedresponsetothegirlssothatshecouldleaduptotheAP“policy”heenforces.[F]Inthefinalparagraphaboutthesignificanceofthesettingin“AP”thestudentbringstogetherthereasonsSammyquithisjobbyreferringtohisrefusaltoacceptLengel’sstorepolicies.[G]Byusingthefirstdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosayyouwillverylikelydiscovermorethanyournotesoriginallysuggested.Plentyofgoodwritersdon’tuseoutlinesatallbutdiscoverorderingprinciplesastheywrite.Donotattempttocomposeaperfectlycorrectdraftthefirsttimearound.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET
2.10pointsInhisautobiographyDarwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconciselybut46hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentenceandthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.HedisclaimedthepossessionofanygreatquicknessofapprehensionorwitsuchasdistinguishedHuxley.47Heassertedalsothathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimitedforwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.Hismemorytoohedescribedasextensivebuthazy.Sopoorinonesensewasitthathenevercouldrememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoralineofpoetry.48Ontheotherhandhedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthatwhilehewasagoodobserverhehadnopowerofreasoning.Thishethoughtcouldnotbetruebecausethe“OriginofSpecies”isonelongargumentfromthebeginningtotheendandhasconvincedmanyablemen.Noonehesubmitscouldhavewrittenitwithoutpossessingsomepowerofreasoning.Hewaswillingtoassertthat“IhaveafairshareofinventionandofcommonsenseorjudgmentsuchaseveryfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthavebutnotIbelieveinanyhigherdegree.”49Headdshumblythatperhapshewas“superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattentionandinobservingthemcarefully.”Writinginthelastyearofhislifeheexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears.Uptotheageofthirtyorbeyonditpoetryofmanykindsgavehimgreatpleasure.Formerlytoopictureshadgivenhimconsiderableandmusicverygreatdelight.In1881howeverhesaid:“NowformanyyearsIcannotenduretoreadalineofpoetry.Ihavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic.”50Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappinessbutmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheintellectandmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.SectionIIIWritingPartA
51.Directions:YouhavejustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyourluggagethatyouforgottoreturntoBobyourlandlordthere.Writehimaletterto1makeanapologyand2suggestasolution.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET
2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.10pointsPartB
52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould1describethedrawingbriefly2explainitsintendedmeaningandthen3giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.20points2008年考研英语真题答案SectionI:UseofEnglish10points
1.B
2.D
3.A
4.C
5.C
6.A
7.B
8.D
9.B
10.C
11.B
12.D
13.A
14.C
15.D
16.D
17.C
18.A
19.B
20.ASectionII:ReadingComprehension60pointsPartA40points
21.A
22.D
23.C
24.B
25.D
26.D
27.C
28.A
29.A
30.B
31.A
32.C
33.B
34.D
35.C
36.D
37.B
38.C
39.A
40.BPartB10points
41.D
42.G
43.A
44.C
45.EPartC10points
46.他认为或许正因为(语言表达上的)这种困难,他不得不对自己要说的每句话都经过长时间的认真思考,从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误,结果这反而成为他的优点
47.他还坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限,由此他也认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为
48.另一方面,某些人批评他虽然善于观察,却不具备推理能力,而他认为这种说法也是缺乏根据的
49.他又自谦的说,或许自己“在注意到容易被忽略的事物,并对其加以仔细观察方面优于常人”
50.达尔文确信,没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣,而且可能会有损于一个人的思维能力,更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降SectionIII:Writing30pointsPartA10points
51.参考范文(略)PartB20points
52.参考范文2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsBy1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20millionofthesenationslookedtothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialismmanyoftheleadersofindependencetheidealsofrepresentativegovernmentcareerstotalentfreedomofcommerceandtradethetoprivatepropertyandabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstateslargeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbyasetoflaws.Ontheissueofofreligionandthepositionofthechurchtherewaslessagreementtheleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyonebytheSpanishcrown.mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicismtheofficialreligionofthenewstatessomesoughttoendtheofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallyingfortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarianvaluingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhadinreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’scolonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuchbecausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwasself-ruleanddemocracy.
1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples(B)[D]individuals
2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly(D)[D]hopefully
3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained(A)[D]rejected
4.[A]related[B]close[C]open(C)[D]devoted
5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right(C)[D]return
6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously(D)[D]Generally
7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular(B)[D]typical
8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact(A)[D]reform
9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed(B)[D]moreover
10.[A]with[B]about[C]among(C)[D]by
11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted(A)[D]funded
12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless(D)[D]While
13.[A]as[B]for[C]under(A)[D]against
14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion(C)[D]influence
15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea(B)[D]wish
16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected(D)[D]promised
17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining(C)[D]original
18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier(A)[D]tougher
19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed(B)[D]preferred
20.[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout(D)[D]unpreparedforSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.40pointsText1Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournamentyouwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranksyouwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.WhatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenonHereareafewguesses:acertainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;bwinter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacitywhichincreasessoccerstamina;csoccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtimeattheannualpeakofsoccermania;dnoneoftheabove.AndersEricssona58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversitysayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSwedenandstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperimentnearly30yearsagoinvolvedmemory:trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubjectafterabout20hoursoftraininghisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimprovingandafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”ThissuccesscoupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydeterminedledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwordswhateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorizethosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.AndthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfullyEricssondeterminedwasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Ratheritinvolvessettingspecificgoalsobtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuitsincludingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycannotjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Orputanotherwayexpertperformers–whetherinmemoryorsurgeryballetorcomputerprogramming–arenearlyalwaysmadenotborn.
21.Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.(C)[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.
22.Theword“mania”Line4Paragraph2mostprobablymeans[A]fun.[B]craze.[C]hysteria.(B)[D]excitement.
23.AccordingtoEricssongoodmemory[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.(A)[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.
24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.(D)[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.
25.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”[C]“Practicemakesperfect.”(C)[D]“Likefatherlikeson.”Text2ForthepastseveralyearstheSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavantwhoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228–thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogiestoenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcutandtodeducenumericalsequencesamongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoewhoseIQis100asWhat’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondnessOrwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidenceIt’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.Clearlyintelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.JustwhatdoesitmeantobesmartHowmuchofintelligencecanbespecifiedandhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurologygeneticscomputerscienceandotherfieldsThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscoreeventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScalesbothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion.GenerallycostingseveralhundreddollarstheyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologistsalthoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossiblebecausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeersratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby
100.OtherstandardizedtestssuchastheScholasticAssessmentTestSATandtheGraduateRecordExamGREcapturethemainaspectsofIQtests.SuchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlifearguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting”Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledgecomponentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.MoreoverIQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditionsbutunderhigh-stressconditionsIQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatisitpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatterswhetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.
26.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.[C]Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.(D)[D]Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.
27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3[A]PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.[B]MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.[C]Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.(C)[D]Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence.
28.PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant’sbecause[A]thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.[B]creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow.[C]vosSavant’scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.(A)[D]thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.
29.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat[A]testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sability.[B]IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.[C]testinginvolvesalotofguesswork.(A)[D]traditionaltestareoutofdate.
30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests[A]Supportive.[B]Skeptical.[C]Impartial.(B)[D]Biased.Text3DuringthepastgenerationtheAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealities.Nowapinkslipabaddiagnosisoradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.Injustonegenerationmillionsofmothershavegonetoworktransformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholarspolicymakersandcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechangesbutfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresulttheyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback–aback-upearnerusuallyMomwhocouldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttodayadisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.Duringthesameperiodfamilieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirementincome.Steelworkersairlineemployeesandnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestratesstockmarketfluctuationandtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.FormuchofthepastyearPresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodelwithretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamiliesthepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen–andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingsplansarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkerswithmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamilyastheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent–andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance–havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspectivemuchofthisunderstandablylooksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibilityandagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegunandthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.
31.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat[A]thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.[B]theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.[C]theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.(C)[D]theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.
32.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreformretiredpeoplemayhave[A]ahighersenseofsecurity.[B]lesssecuredpayments.[C]lesschancetoinvest.(B)[D]aguaranteedfuture.
33.Accordingtotheauthorhealth-savingsplanswill[A]helpreducethecostofhealthcare.[B]popularizeamongthemiddleclass.[C]compensateforthereducedpensions.(D)[D]increasethefamilies’investmentrisk.
34.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks.[B]themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.[C]financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.(C)[D]financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.
35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext[A]TheMiddleClassontheAlert[B]TheMiddleClassontheCliff[C]TheMiddleClassinConflict(B)[D]TheMiddleClassinRuinsText4Itneverrainsbutitpours.Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedouttheirworstaccountingandcompliancetroublesandimprovedtheirfeeblecorporationgovernanceanewproblemthreatenstoearnthem–especiallyinAmerica–thesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheexecutivesuite:datainsecurity.Leftuntilnowtooddlow-levelITstafftoputrightandseenasaconcernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbankingtelecomsandairtravelinformationprotectionisnowhighontheboss’sagendainbusinessesofeveryvariety.Severalmassiveleakagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear–fromorganizationsasdiverseasTimeWarnertheAmericandefensecontractorScienceApplicationsInternationalCorpandeventheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley–haveleftmanagershurriedlypeeringintotheirintricateITsystemsandbusinessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities.“Dataisbecominganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyotherasset”saysHaimMendelsonofStanfordUniversity’sbusinessschool.“Theabilitytoguardcustomerdataisthekeytomarketvaluewhichtheboardisresponsibleforonbehalfofshareholders.”IndeedjustasthereistheconceptofGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciplesGAAPperhapsitistimeforGASPGenerallyAcceptedSecurityPracticessuggestedEliNoamofNewYork’sColumbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurityredundancyandrecoveryisamanagementissuenotatechnicalone”hesays.Themysteryisthatthisshouldcomeasasurprisetoanyboss.Surelyitshouldbeobvioustothedimmestexecutivethattrustthatmostvaluableofeconomicassetsiseasilydestroyedandhugelyexpensivetorestore–andthatfewthingsaremorelikelytodestroytrustthanacompanylettingsensitivepersonaldatagetintothewronghands.Thecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged–thoughnotjustified–bythelackoflegalpenaltyinAmericabutnotEuropefordataleakage.UntilCaliforniarecentlypassedalawAmericanfirmsdidnothavetotellanyoneeventhevictimwhendatawentastray.Thatmaychangefast:lotsofproposeddata-securitylegislationisnowdoingtheroundsinWashingtonD.C.Meanwhilethetheftofinformationaboutsome40millioncredit-cardaccountsinAmericadisclosedonJune17thovershadowedahugelyimportantdecisionadayearlierbyAmerica’sFederalTradeCommissionFTCthatputscorporateAmericaonnoticethatregulatorswillactiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity.
36.Thestatement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedtointroduce[A]thefiercebusinesscompetition.[B]thefeebleboss-boardrelations.[C]thethreatfromnewsreports.(D)[D]theseverityofdataleakage.
37.AccordingtoParagraph2someorganizationschecktheirsystemstofindout[A]whetherthereisanyweakpoint.[B]whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen.[C]whoisresponsiblefortheleakage.(A)[D]howthepotentialspiescanbelocated.
38.InbringinguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismakingthepointthat[A]shareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto.[B]informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention.[C]businessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurity.(B)[D]themarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized.
39.AccordingtoParagraph4whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesfailto[A]seethelinkbetweentrustanddataprotection.[B]perceivethesensitivityofpersonaldata.[C]realizethehighcostofdatarestoration.(A)[D]appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust.
40.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that[A]dataleakageismoresevereinEurope.[B]FTC’sdecisionisessentialtodatasecurity.[C]Californiatakestheleadinsecuritylegislation.(D)[D]legalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataleakage.PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheirchildrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA—Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartofthetext41-
45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Therearetwoextraheadingsthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsA.SetaGoodExampleforYourKidsB.BuildYourKids’WorkSkillsC.PlaceTimeLimitsonLeisureActivitiesD.TalkabouttheFutureonaRegularBasisE.HelpKidsDevelopCopingStrategiesF.HelpYourKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAreG.BuildYourKids’SenseofResponsibilityHowCanaParentHelpMothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfortheirkids.Evenifajob’sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadult’sneedforrapidcontentthetransitionfromschooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.HereareafewmeasuresdrawnfrommybookReadyorNotHereLifeComesthatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcall“work-lifeunreadiness.”Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or
12.Periodicallyreviewtheiremergingstrengthsandweaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronanyshortcomingslikedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.Alsoidentifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbacktoastheseoffercluestothecareersthatwillfitthembest.Kidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels–asopposedtomembersoftheircliquepopstarsandvauntedathletes.Haveregulardinner-tablediscussionsaboutpeoplethefamilyknowsandhowtheygotwheretheyare.Discussthejoysanddownsidesofyourowncareerandencourageyourkidstoformsomeideasabouttheirownfuture.Whenaskedwhattheywanttodotheyshouldbediscouragedfromsaying“Ihavenoidea.”Theycanchangetheirminds200timesbuthavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.Teachersareresponsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parentsshouldberesponsibleforteachingthemhowtowork.Assignresponsibilitiesaroundthehouseandmakesurehomeworkdeadlinesaremet.Encourageteenagerstotakeapart-timejob.Kidsneedplentyofpracticedelayinggratificationanddeployingeffectiveorganizationalskillssuchasmanagingtimeandsettingpriorities.Playingvideogamesencouragesimmediatecontent.AndhoursofwatchingTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteacheskidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway.Atthesametimelisteningthroughearphonestothesamemonotonousbeatsforlongstretchesencourageskidstostayinsidetheirbubbleinsteadofpursuingotherendeavors.Alltheseactivitiescanpreventthegrowthofimportantcommunicationandthinkingskillsandmakeitdifficultforkidstodevelopthekindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.Theyshouldknowhowtodealwithsetbacksstressesandfeelingsofinadequacy.Theyshouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolveconflictswaystobrainstormandthinkcritically.Discussionsathomecanhelpkidspracticedoingthesethingsandhelpthemapplytheseskillstoeverydaylifesituations.WhataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobestrugglingandwanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthoodParentsstillhaveamajorroletoplaybutnowitismoredelicate.Theyhavetobecarefulnottocomeacrossasdisappointedintheirchild.Theyshouldexhibitstronginterestandrespectforwhatevercurrentlyintereststheirfledgingadultasnaiveorillconceivedasitmayseemwhilebecomingapartnerinexploringoptionsforthefuture.Mostofallthesenewadultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamilythatappreciatesthem.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET
2.10pointsThestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectualdisciplineinEuropeanuniversities.HoweveronlyinrecentyearshasitbecomeafeatureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.46Traditionallylegallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyersratherthananecessarypartoftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.HappilytheolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationisestablishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbeguntoofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneraleducationitsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducators.Lawisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.Ontheonehanditprovidesopportunitiestoanalyzesuchideasasjusticedemocracyandfreedom.47Ontheotheritlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.Forexamplenotionsofevidenceandfactofbasicrightsandpublicinterestareatworkintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasincourtsoflaw.Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentofajournalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.48Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.Politicsormorebroadlythefunctioningofthestateisamajorsubjectforjournalists.Thebetterinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworksthebettertheirreportingwillbe.49InfactitisdifficulttoseehowjournalistswhodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories.Furthermorethelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitareprimarysubjectsforjournalists.Whilethequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatlythereisanunduerelianceamongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationssuppliedtothembylawyers.50Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestoriesitispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignificanceandmaketheirownjudgments.Thesecanonlycomefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthelegalsystem.SectionIIIWritingPartA
51.Directions:Writealettertoyouuniversitylibrarymakingsuggestionsforimprovingitsservice.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET
2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.10pointsPartB
52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould1describethedrawingbriefly2explainitsintendedmeaningandthen3supportyourviewwithanexample/examples.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.20points2007年考研英语真题答案SectionI:UseofEnglish10points
1.B
2.D
3.A
4.C
5.C
6.D
7.B
8.A
9.B
10.C
11.A
12.D
13.A
14.C
15.B
16.D
17.C
18.A
19.B
20.DSectionII:ReadingComprehension60pointsPartA40points
21.C
22.B
23.A
24.D
25.C
26.D
27.C
28.A
29.A
30.B
31.C
32.B
33.D
34.C
35.B
36.D
37.A
38.B
39.A
40.DPartB10points
41.F
42.D
43.B
44.C
45.EPartC10points
46.长久以来,法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的,而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分
47.另一方面,这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中,这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻的做法是相同的
48.新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律,而这种看法是基于他们对新闻媒体业已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解
49.事实上,很难设想那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能胜任政治新闻的报道工作
50.尽管律师的见解和反应会提高报道的质量,但新闻记者最好凭借他们自己对重要性的理解自行做出判断SectionIII:Writing30pointsPartA10points
51.参考范文January20th2007DearSirorMadamI’mastudentintheuniversityandaloyalreaderofthislibrary.I’mwritingtotellsomeofmyideaswhichIhopetobehelpfulforyou.Inoticethatmanymagazinesinourlibraryareoutofdate.Itwouldbebeneficialtousstudentsiftheycouldbeupdatedintime.AndIsuggestintroducingsomenewjournalssoastobringnewfreshairtothelibrary.Furthermoresincewehaveahugenumberofbooksitisnoteasytofindtherightoneeasily.Howeverifwecanintroducesomenewsearchingmeanssuchasimplementingnewinformationmanagementsystemthatwouldbeuseful.ThankyoufortakingtimereadingthisletterandI’mlookingforwardtoseeingsomenewchangessoon.SincerelyYoursLiMingPartB20points
52.参考范文Ascanbeseenfromthecartoondifferentideasmaycomefromthesamething.Inthepicturewhiletryingtocatchtheupcomingsoccerthegoal-keepersaystohimselfwhyitissobig.AndthestrikersimplythinksinadifferentwaythatiswhyitissosmallWhatmakessuchabigcontraryonthesametournamentatthesamemomentItisnodoubtthattheyarefacingtheverysamegoalandexperiencingtheverysamemoment.Howeverthesubjectiveviewsresultindifferentimpressiononthesameobject.Manyofusmaystillrememberthestoryofaponycrossingtheriverwhichwelearnedfromthetextbookinprimaryschool.Thesquirreltellshimtheriverisdeep;andthecowtellshimtheriverisnotdeepatall.Howeverintheendhetellshimselfathirdanswer.Thereforeitisnotexaggeratingtosaythatmostofusarelookingintotheworldwithpersonalideas.Subjectivementalstatusmayresultinareallybigdifferenceinpersonalviewsjustlikethegoal-keeperandthestrikerinthedrawing.Apossiblesolutionmightbetofaceanysituationasobjectivelyaspossible.Ifwerealizethisinanobjectivewayitwouldbegoodforustodealwithwhatweencounterinlifeespeciallywhenweareinsetbacksorfacingdifficulties.2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation.homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentscan’tpossibly.Tohelphomelesspeopleindependencethefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprogramstheminimumwageandfundmorelow-costhousing.everyoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimatesanywherefrom600000to3million.thefiguremayvaryanalystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis.Oneofthefederalgovernment’sstudiesthatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaystothisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofindathatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnightagoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachdaythestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothersnotaddictedormentallyillsimplylacktheeverydayskillsneededtoturntheirlives.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereareprogramsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.EdwardZlotkowskidirectorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusettsit“Therehastobeofprograms.What’sneededisapackagedeal.”
1.[A]Indeed[B]Likewise[C]Therefore(A)[D]Furthermore
2.[A]stand[B]cope[C]approve(B)[D]retain
3.[A]in[B]for[C]with(D)[D]toward
4.[A]raise[B]add[C]take(A)[D]keep
5.[A]generally[B]almost[C]hardly(D)[D]not
6.[A]cover[B]change[C]range(C)[D]differ
7.[A]Nowthat[B]Although[C]Provided(B)[D]Exceptthat
8.[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]increasing(C)[D]extending
9.[A]predicts[B]displays[C]proves(A)[D]discovers
10.[A]assist[B]track[C]sustain(A)[D]dismiss
11.[A]Hence[B]But[C]Even(C)[D]Only
12.[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling(B)[D]house
13.[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding(D)[D]wandering
14.[A]when[B]once[C]while(C)[D]whereas
15.[A]life[B]existence[C]survival(C)[D]maintenance
16.[A]around[B]over[C]on(A)[D]up
17.[A]complex[B]comprehensive[C]complementary(B)[D]compensating
18.[A]So[B]Since[C]As(C)[D]Thus
19.[A]puts[B]interprets[C]assumes(A)[D]makes
20.[A]supervision[B]manipulation[C]regulation(D)[D]coordinationSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.40pointsText1Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourseandthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenterregardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmediaadvertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculturewhichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForumGregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere
9.8percentofpopulation;in
190013.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto
19903.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1000residents;inthe10yearspriorto
18909.2forevery
1000.Nowconsiderthreeindicesofassimilation--languagehomeownershipandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgenerationtheoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof
75.6percenthigherthanthe
69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”BythethirdgenerationonethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanicsand41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.RodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworldarefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksyet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethingangerinAmericaIndeed.Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica’sturbulentpasttoday’ssocialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.
21.Theword“homogenizing”Line2Paragraph1mostprobablymeans________.[A]identifying[B]associating[C]assimilating(C)[D]monopolizing
22.Accordingtotheauthorthedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury________.[A]playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculture[B]becameintimateshopsforcommonconsumers[C]satisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableelite(A)[D]oweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption
23.ThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S.________.[A]areresistanttohomogenization[B]exertagreatinfluenceonAmericanculture[C]arehardlyathreattothecommonculture(C)[D]constitutethemajorityofthepopulation
24.WhyareArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5[A]Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.[B]Torevealthepublic’sfearofimmigrants.[C]Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.(D)[D]ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.
25.Intheauthor’sopiniontheabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis________.[A]rewarding[B]successful[C]fruitless(B)[D]harmfulText2Stratford-on-Avonasweallknowhasonlyoneindustry--WilliamShakespeare--buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.ThereistheRoyalShakespeareCompanyRSCwhichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheplaysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.AndtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocomenottoseetheplaysbuttolookatAnneHathaway’sCottageShakespeare’sbirthplaceandtheothersights.TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapennytotheirrevenue.TheyfranklydisliketheRSC’sactorsthemwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.It’salldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespearewhoearnstheirlivingwashimselfanactorwithabeardanddidhisshareofnoise-making.Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.Thesightseerswhocomebybus--andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceontheside--don’tusuallyseetheplaysandsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.Howevertheplaygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirplaygoing.ItistheplaygoerstheRSCcontendswhobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenightsomeofthemfourorfivenightspouringcashintothehotelsandrestaurants.Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownbynightfall.Thetownsfolkdon’tseeitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompany.Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhotelintownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.HiltonisbuildingitsownhoteltherewhichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBarstheLearLoungetheBanquoBanquetingRoomandsoforthandwillbeveryexpensive.Anywaythetownsfolkcan’tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareCompanyneedsasubsidy.Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyearthey’lldobetter.Thereasonofcourseisthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratford’smostattractiveclientele.Theycomeentirelyfortheplaysnotthesights.Theyallseemtolookalikethoughtheycomefromallover--leanpointeddedicatedfaceswearingjeansandsandalseatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.
26.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswelearnthat________.[A]thetownsfolkdenytheRSC’scontributiontothetown’srevenue[B]theactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstage[C]thetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodterms(A)[D]thetownsfolkearnlittlefromtourism
27.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that________.[A]thesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparately[B]theplaygoersspendmoremoneythanthesightseers[C]thesightseersdomoreshoppingthantheplaygoers(B)[D]theplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheater
28.Bysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”Line2-3Paragraph4theauthorimpliesthat________.[A]Stratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionprojects[B]Stratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialdifficulties[C]thetownisnotreallyshortofmoney(C)[D]thetownsfolkusedtobepoorlypaid
29.AccordingtothetownsfolktheRSCdeservesnosubsidybecause________.[A]ticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthespending[B]thecompanyisfinanciallyill-managed[C]thebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallyacceptable(D)[D]thetheatreattendanceisontherise
30.Fromthetextwecanconcludethattheauthor________.[A]issupportiveofbothsides[B]favorsthetownsfolk’sview[C]takesadetachedattitude(D)[D]issympathetictotheRSCText3Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworldsomethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelargeslow-growinganimalswereeasygameandwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomasstheamountoflivingbiologicalmatteroffishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheoceanbutratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNaturethebiomassoflargepredatorsanimalsthatkillandeatotheranimalsinanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareasithashalvedagainsincethen.Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonarwhichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaughtsotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydaystoolonglineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaughtsincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthemleadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermoreintheearlydaysoflonglinefishingalotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblembecausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaselinewhichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologiststhatofthe“shiftingbaseline.”Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthatwhichisabadwaytodobusiness.
31.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat________.[A]largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment[B]smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared[C]largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday(C)[D]slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones
32.WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat________.[A]thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%[B]thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago[C]thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount(A)[D]thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold
33.BysayingthesefiguresareconservativeLine1paragraph3Dr.Wormmeansthat________.[A]fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly[B]thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded[C]themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss(C)[D]thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate
34.Dr.Myersandotherresearchersholdthat________.[A]peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcanworkforalongertime[B]fisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldsbelow50%ofthebiomass[C]theoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevel(D)[D]peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetothechangingsituation
35.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’________.[A]managementefficiency[B]biomasslevel[C]catch-sizelimits(B)[D]technologicalapplicationText4Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotionsandyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofartlikepaintingandmusicarethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonwardmoreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaninglessphonyorworstofallboringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwardisasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereasoninfactmaybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.AfterallwhatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappinessAdvertising.Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmediaandwithitacommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.Theyworkeduntilexhaustedlivedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWestbeforemasscommunicationandliteracythemostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurchwhichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthistheydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercialandforeverhappy.Fast-foodeatersnewsanchorstextmessengersallsmilingsmilingsmiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda--tolureustoopenourwallets--theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrexbeforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.Butwhatweforget--whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting--isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.TodaysurroundedbypromisesofeasyhappinessweneedarttotellusasreligiononcedidMementomori:rememberthatyouwilldiethateverythingendsandthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigaretteyetsomehowabreathoffreshair.
36.BycitingtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelairetheauthorintendstoshowthat________.[A]poetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic[B]artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelings[C]poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness(D)[D]artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest
37.Theword“bummer”Line5paragraph5mostprobablymeanssomething________.[A]religious[B]unpleasant[C]entertaining(B)[D]commercial
38.Intheauthor’sopinionadvertising________.[A]emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyart[B]isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic[C]replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformation(D)[D]createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself
39.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves________.[A]happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness[B]theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshing[C]miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied(B)[D]theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms
40.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext[A]Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.[B]Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.[C]Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety.(A)[D]Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichyoudonotneedtouseinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsOnthenorthbankoftheOhioriversitsEvansvilleInd.homeofDavidWilliams52andofariverboatcasinoaplacewheregamblinggamesareplayed.DuringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasinoWilliamsastateauditorearning$35000ayearlostapproximately$
175000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.Hevisitedthecasinolostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$
800.ThecasinoissuedtohimasagoodcustomeraFunCardwhichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinksandenablesthecasinototracktheuser’sgamblingactivities.ForWilliamsthoseactivitiesbecomewhathecallselectronicheroin.41________.In1997helost$21000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch1997helost$
72186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatimeallnightuntiltheboatdockedat5a.m.thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasinochargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.InMarch1998afriendofWilliams’sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictionsandwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams’sgamblingproblem.ThecasinoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblersandwrotetohima“ceaseadmissions”letter.Notingthemedical/psychologicalnatureofproblemgamblingbehaviorthelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being.42________.TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas24signswarning:“Enjoythefun...andalwaysbetwithyourheadnotoverit.”Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounselingfromtheIndianaDepartmentofMentalHealth.NeverthelessWilliams’ssuitchargesthatthecasinoknowinghewas“helplesslyaddictedtogambling”intentionallyworkedto“lure”himto“engageinconductagainsthiswill.”Well.43________.ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorderssays“pathologicalgambling”involvespersistentrecurringanduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.44________.Pushedbyscienceorwhatclaimstobesciencesocietyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsaspersonalitydisordersakintophysicaldisabilities.45________.Forty-fourstateshavelotteries29havecasinosandmostofthesestatesaretovaryingdegreesdependenton--youmightsayaddictedto--revenuesfromwagering.AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995competitionforgamblers’dollarshasbecomeintense.TheOct.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2milliongamblerspatronize1800virtualcasinoseveryweek.With$
3.5billionbeinglostonInternetwagersthisyeargamblinghaspassedpornographyastheWeb’smostprofitablebusiness.[A]Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresentedthecasino’smarketingdepartmentcontinuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.[B]Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequiredgivenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative[C]Bythetimehehadlost$5000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoevenhewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5500buthedidnotquit.[D]GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforeverbutforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasinorasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.[E]DavidWilliams’ssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon’tbetonit.[F]Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblemsoftendefiningasaddictionswhatearliersternergenerationsexplainedasweaknessofwill.[G]Theanonymouslonelyundistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespeciallyconducivetocompulsivebehavior.ButevenifthegovernmentknewhowtomoveagainstInternetgamblingwhatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoingsoPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET
2.10pointsIsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccountinhissocietyIamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.FatherBruckbergertoldpartofthestorywhenheobservedthatitistheintellectualswhohaverejectedAmerica.Buttheyhavedonemorethanthat.Theyhavegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleofintellectual.ItistheynotAmericawhohavebecomeanti-intellectual.Firsttheobjectofourstudypleadsfordefinition.Whatisanintellectual46IshalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkinginaSocratic苏格拉底wayaboutmoralproblems.Heexploressuchproblemsconsciouslyarticulatelyandfranklyfirstbyaskingfactualquestionsthenbyaskingmoralquestionsfinallybysuggestingactionwhichseemsappropriateinthelightofthefactualandmoralinformationwhichhehasobtained.47Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudgewhomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoasintellectuals--theaveragescientistforone.48Ihaveexcludedhimbecausewhilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblemshehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.Likeotherhumanbeingsheencountersmoralissuesevenintheeverydayperformanceofhisroutineduties--heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperimentsmanufactureevidenceordoctorhisreports.49Buthisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcodewhichgovernshisactivityanymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.Duringmostofhiswakinglifehewilltakehiscodeforgrantedasthebusinessmantakeshisethics.Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityofteachersdespitethefactthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheirliving.50Theymayteachverywellandmorethanearntheirsalariesbutmostofthemmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolvemoraljudgment.Thisdescriptionevenfitsthemajorityofeminentscholars.Beinglearnedinsomebranchofhumanknowledgeisonethinglivinginpublicandillustriousthoughts”asEmersonwouldsayissomethingelse.SectionIIIWritingPartA
51.DirectionsYouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildinaremotearea.Writealettertothedepartmentconcernedaskingthemtohelpfindacandidate.Youshouldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourplan.Writeyourletterinnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.10pointsPartB
52.Directions:Studythefollowingphotoscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould
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3.giveyourpointofview.Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.20points有两幅图片,图1把崇拜写在脸上;图2花300元做“小贝头”注Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片,一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字,另一张照片上有一个男子在理发,他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型2006年考研英语真题答案SectionI:UseofEnglish10points
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45.[D]PartC10points46.我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人47.他的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程48.我之所以把他(普通科学家)排除在外,是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题,但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面49.但是,他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范,就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样50.他们可以教得很好,而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水,但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考SectionIII:Writing30pointsPartA10points
51.参考范文DearSirorMadamAsacollegestudentwhoisstudyingandlivinginagoodenvironmentIwishtocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialassistancetoachildinaremotearea.HavingconceivedsuchaplanforalongtimeIwritethislettertorequestyourhelptorecommendapropercandidate.Iwonderifitisconvenientforyouifthreethingsconcerningthechildaretakenintoconsideration.FirstthechildshouldcomefromGansuProvinceforIintendtohelpachildfrommyhometown.Seconditwillbebetterifthechildisaprimaryschoolstudent.IhopeIwillhelphim/herfromtheverybeginning.Inadditionhe/shemustbewillingtoreturntohishometowntohelpbuiltitaftergraduationfromuniversity.Myplanwillbecarriedoutasfollows.OnonehandIwillremitatleast2000Yuanincasheveryyearuntilhe/shefinisheshis/hereducationbeforeenteringcollege.OntheotherhandIdecidetoteachthechildmathandEnglishinpersonduringmysummervacationwhichwillsurelybemorebeneficialtothechild.Yourprompthelpwouldbehighlyappreciated.AndIamlookingforwardtoyourreplyverysoon.YourssincerelyLiMingPartB20points
52.参考范文Howironicthetwopicturesareindescribingoneofthemostwidespreadsocialphenomenaconcerningidoladoration!InthefirstpictureayoungmanwritesthenameofBeckhamonhisface.Inthesecondpictureanotheryoungmanspends300YuanindealingwithhishairtomakehimselflooklikeBeckham.ThemeaningconveyedinthetwopicturesrevealsthatincurrentChinasomeyoungpeoplearelosingthemselves.IamgreatlyshockedbytheenthusiasmforthisBritishfootballsuperstarshownbythesetwoyoungmen.Franklyspeakingthingsofthiskindreallyhappenamongus.Somepeopleespeciallycollegestudentsdonothingbutconcentrateonimitatingsuperstars.Thisdoesgreatharmtotheirstudyandgrowth.Ifwecan’tstoptheworseningofthistendencyourownculturewillbedamagedandweourselveswillbetheultimatevictims.Frommypointofviewalotofmeasuresshouldbetakentosaveourlosingcultureandre-findourselves.Infactsomemeasureshavealreadybeentaken.Inmyuniversitycampaignshavebeenlaunchedtoeducatepeopletopaymoreattentiontoourtraditionalcultureandreadmorebooksinsteadoffocusingonourappearances.Asaresultwehavewitnessedsomeimprovementsbutstillthereisalongwaytogo.2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET110pointsThehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimalsthisislargelybecauseanimalswestandupright.Thismeansthatournosesaretoperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheairthemajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infactweareextremelysensitivetosmellswedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableofhumansmellsevenwhenthesearetofarbelowonepartinonemillion.Strangelysomepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanotherothersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogeneratesmellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsendtothebrain.Howeverithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmellcansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhentoitoftenenough.Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsittokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcannewreceptorsifnecessary.Thismayexplainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenotoftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwenewsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptorsforunfamiliarandemergencysignalsthesmellofsmokewhichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
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20.[A]similarto[B]suchas[C]alongwith(B)[D]asidefromSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][C]orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET140pointsText1Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeedifhehasareputationforslackingyoumightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlantaGeorgiawhichhasjustbeenpublishedinNaturesuggeststhatitisalltoomonkeyaswell.Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-naturedco-operativecreaturesandtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveallliketheirfemalehumancounterpartstheytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normallythemonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.Howeverwhentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchamberssothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrocktheirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoodsandmuchpreferabletocucumbers.Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertokenthesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatalltheothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamberorrefusedtoacceptthesliceofcucumber.Indeedthemerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamberwithoutanactualmonkeytoeatitwasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeyslikehumansareguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewildtheyareaco-operativegroup-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignationitseemsarenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.Howeverwhethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumansorwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsagoisasyetanunansweredquestion.
21.Intheopeningparagraphtheauthorintroduceshistopicby________.[A]posingacontrast[B]justifyinganassumption[C]makingacomparison(C)[D]explainingaphenomenon
22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”LastlineParagraphlimpliesthat________.[A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals[B]resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature[C]monkeyslikehumanstendtobejealousofeachother(B)[D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions
23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare________.[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget[B]attentivetoresearchers’instructions[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament(A)[D]moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions
24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys________.[A]prefergrapestocucumbers[B]canbetaughttoexchangethings[C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated(C)[D]areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers
25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.[B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.(B)[D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.Text2Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsureThattheevidencewasinconclusivethescienceuncertainThattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutofthewayLotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsenseandoverthreedecadessome10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.Thereareupsettingparallelstodayasscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciencesenlistedbytheWhiteHousetotellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademyBruceAlbertsaddedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefutureanditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”Justasonsmokingvoicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincompletethatit’sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisinitmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowingaprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.FortunatelytheWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit’sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofactiontheycontinuetopressformoreresearch--aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis.”Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanetwemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiativeCongressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginiawhichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphereitiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.
26.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat________.[A]therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath[B]thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant[C]peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife(C)[D]antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense
27.AccordingtoBruceAlbertssciencecanserveas________.[A]aprotector[B]ajudge[C]acritic(D)[D]aguide
28.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”LastlineParagraph4[A]Endlessstudieskillaction.[B]Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.[C]Prudentplanninghindersprogress.(A)[D]Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.
29.AccordingtotheauthorwhatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming[A]Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.[B]Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.[C]Pressforfurtherscientificresearch.(D)[D]Takesomelegislativemeasures.
30.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause________.[A]theybothsufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence[B]alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer[C]theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer(B)[D]bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworseText3Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleepdreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreamsawindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.AcenturyagoFreudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970sneurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”--therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostatregulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line.”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontroltohelpussleepandfeelbetter“It’syourdream”saysRosalindCartwrightchairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeitchangeit.”Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREMrapideyemovementsleep--whenmostvividdreamsoccur--asitiswhenfullyawakesaysDrEricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved;thelimbicsystemthe“emotionalbrain”isespeciallyactivewhiletheprefrontalcortexthecenterofintellectandreasoningisrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressedandthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday.”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenightprogressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakeningsuggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents--untilitappearswebegintodream.Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawakenidentifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurstrytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearntoliterallydoitintheirsleep.Attheendofthedaythere’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic”Cartwrightsays.Terrorismeconomicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofusthebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep--orratherdream--onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.
31.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams________.[A]canbemodifiedintheircourses[B]aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges[C]reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears(A)[D]arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs
32.Byreferringtothelimbicsystemtheauthorintendstoshow________.[A]itsfunctioninourdreams[B]themechanismofREMsleep[C]therelationofdreamstoemotions(C)[D]itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex
33.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto________.[A]aggravateinourunconsciousmind[B]developintohappydreams[C]persisttillthetimewefallasleep(D)[D]showupindreamsearlyatnight
34.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat________.[A]wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams[B]visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol[C]dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression(D)[D]dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious
35.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams[A]Leadyourlifeasusual.[B]Seekprofessionalhelp.[C]Exerciseconsciouscontrol.(A)[D]Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.Text4AmericansnolongerexpectpublicfigureswhetherinspeechorinwritingtocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.InhislatestbookDoingOurOwnThing:TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLikeCareJohnMcWhorteralinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviewsseesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnewbutthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchangeandheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”forexampletobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal“doingourownthing”hasspeltthedeathofformalspeechwritingpoetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960seventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equallyinpoetrythehighlypersonalperformativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglishtalkingistriumphingoverspeakingspontaneityovercraft.IllustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculturethetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislesscleartotakethequestionofhissubtitlewhyweshouldlikecare.Asalinguistheacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguageincludingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglishcanbepowerfullyexpressive--thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguingasmanydothatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.RussianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheadswhileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwouldseemold-fashionedtomostEnglish-speakers.Mr.McWhorteracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnotstrictlynecessaryandproposesnoradicaleducationreforms--heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuseful.WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina.”Ashameperhapsbutprobablyaninevitableone.
36.AccordingtoMcWhorterthedeclineofformalEnglish________.[A]isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms[B]isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment[C]hascausedthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture(B)[D]broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s
37.Theword“talking”Line6Paragraph3denotes________.[A]modesty[B]personality[C]liveliness(D)[D]informality
38.TowhichofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikelyagree[A]Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.[B]BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.[C]Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustasentertaining.(A)[D]OfallthevarietiesstandardEnglishcanbestconveycomplexideas.
39.ThedescriptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowstheauthor’s________.[A]interestintheirlanguage[B]appreciationoftheirefforts[C]admirationfortheirmemory(B)[D]contemptfortheirold-fashionedness
40.Accordingtothelastparagraph“paperplates”isto“china”as________.[A]“temporary”isto“permanent”[B]“radical”isto“conservative”[C]“functional”isto“artistic”(C)[D]“humble”isto“noble”PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsCanada’spremierstheleadersofprovincialgovernmentsiftheyhaveanybreathleftaftercomplainingaboutOttawaattheirlateJulyannualmeetingmightspareamomenttodosomethingtogethertoreducehealth-carecosts.They’reallgroaningaboutsoaringhealthbudgetsthefastest-growingcomponentofwhicharepharmaceuticalcosts.
41.____[E]AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformationprescriptiondrugcostshaverisensince1997attwicetherateofoverallhealth-carespending.Partoftheincreasecomesfromdrugsbeingusedtoreplaceotherkindsoftreatments.Partofitarisesfromnewdrugscostingmorethanolderkinds.Partofitishigherprices.____WhattodoBoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommitteeonhealthcare--tosaynothingofreportsfromotherexperts--recommendedthecreationofanationaldrugagency.InsteadofeachprovincehavingitsownlistofapproveddrugsbureaucracyproceduresandlimitedbargainingpowerallwouldpoolresourcesworkwithOttawaandcreateanationalinstitution.
42.____[C]Whatdoes“national”meanRoyRomanowandSenatorMichaelKirbyrecommendedafederal-provincialbodymuchliketherecentlycreatedNationalHealthCouncil.____But“national”doesn’thavetomeanthat.“National”couldmeaninterprovincial--provincescombiningeffortstocreateonebody.Eitherwayonebenefitofa“national”organizationwouldbetonegotiatebetterpricesifpossiblewithdrugmanufacturers.Insteadofhavingoneprovince--oraseriesofhospitalswithinaprovince--negotiateapriceforagivendrugontheprovinciallistthenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfofallprovinces.RatherthansayQuebecnegotiatingonbehalfofsevenmillionpeoplethenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfof31millionpeople.Basiceconomicssuggeststhegreaterthepotentialconsumersthehigherthelikelihoodofabetterprice.
43.____[G]Ofcoursethepharmaceuticalcompanieswillscream.Theylikedividedbuyers;theycanlobbybetterthatway.Theycanusethethreatofremovingjobsfromoneprovincetoanother.Theycanhopethatifoneprovinceincludesadrugonitslistthepressurewillcauseotherstoincludeitontheirs.Theywouldn’tlikeanationalagencybutself-interestwouldleadthemtodealwithit.____AsmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagencywiththecreationoftheCanadianCo-ordinatingOfficeforHealthTechnologyAssessmentfundedbyOttawaandtheprovinces.UnderitaCommonDrugReviewrecommendstoprovinciallistswhichnewdrugsshouldbeincluded.PredictablyandregrettablyQuebecrefusedtojoin.Afewpremiersaresuspiciousofanyfederal-provincialdeal-making.TheyparticularlyQuebecandAlbertajustwantOttawatoforkoveradditionalbillionswithfewifanystringsattached.That’sonereasonwhytheideaofanationallisthasn’tgoneanywherewhiledrugcostskeeprisingfast.
44.____[F]Soiftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-careshowtheyshouldprovetheycanrunitstartingwithaninterprovincialhealthlistthatwouldendduplicationsaveadministrativecostspreventoneprovincefrombeingplayedoffagainstanotherandbargainforbetterdrugprices.____PremierslovetoquoteMr.Romanow’sreportselectivelyespeciallythepartsaboutmorefederalmoney.Perhapstheyshouldreadwhathehadtosayaboutdrugs:“Anationaldrugagencywouldprovidegovernmentsmoreinfluenceonpharmaceuticalcompaniesinordertoconstraintheever-increasingcostofdrugs.”
45.____[B]OrtheycouldreadMr.Kirby’sreport:“thesubstantialbuyingpowerofsuchanagencywouldstrengthenthepublicprescription-druginsuranceplanstonegotiatethelowestpossiblepurchasepricesfromdrugcompanies.”____SowhenthepremiersgatherinNiagaraFallstoassembletheirusualcomplaintlisttheyshouldalsogetcrackingaboutsomethingintheirjurisdictionthatwouldhelptheirbudgetsandpatients.[A]Quebec’sresistancetoanationalagencyisprovincialistideology.OneofthefirstadvocatesforanationallistwasaresearcheratLavalUniversity.Quebec’sDrugInsuranceFundhasseenitscostsskyrocketwithannualincreasesfrom
14.3percentto
26.8percent![B]OrtheycouldreadMr.Kirby’sreport:“thesubstantialbuyingpowerofsuchanagencywouldstrengthenthepublicprescription-druginsuranceplanstonegotiatethelowestpossiblepurchasepricesfromdrugcompanies.”[C]Whatdoes“national”meanRoyRomanowandSenatorMichaelKirbyrecommendedafederal-provincialbodymuchliketherecentlycreatedNationalHealthCouncil.[D]Theproblemissimpleandstark:health-carecostshavebeenareandwillcontinuetoincreasefasterthangovernmentrevenues.[E]AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformationprescriptiondrugcostshaverisensince1997attwicetherateofoverallhealth-carespending.Partoftheincreasecomesfromdrugsbeingusedtoreplaceotherkindsoftreatments.Partofitarisesfromnewdrugscostingmorethanolderkinds.Partofitishigherprices.[F]Soiftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-careshowtheyshouldprovetheycanrunitstartingwithaninterprovincialhealthlistthatwouldendduplicationsaveadministrativecostspreventoneprovincefrombeingplayedoffagainstanotherandbargainforbetterdrugprices.[G]Ofcoursethepharmaceuticalcompanieswillscream.Theylikedividedbuyers;theycanlobbybetterthatway.Theycanusethethreatofremovingjobsfromoneprovincetoanother.Theycanhopethatifoneprovinceincludesadrugonitslistthepressurewillcauseotherstoincludeitontheirs.Theywouldn’tlikeanationalagencybutself-interestwouldleadthemtodealwithit.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET
2.10pointsItisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelminglysignificantphaseinEuropeanhistory.Historyandnewsbecomeconfusedandone’simpressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimism.46Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed--andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.TheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitspeoplestheirculturesandnationalidentities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.47InEuropeaselsewheremulti-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:groupswhichbringtogethertelevisionradionewspapersmagazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.OneItalianexamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroupwhileabroadMaxwellandMurdochcometomind.Clearlyonlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingtobeabletocompeteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.48ThisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurviveinafactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworksnolessthan50%tookalossin
1989.MoreovertheintegrationoftheEuropeancommunitywillobligetelevisioncompaniestocooperatemorecloselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.49Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice--thatofproducingprogramsinEuropeforEurope.ThisentailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarketwhoseprogramsrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.Inordertoachievetheseobjectiveswemustconcentratemoreonco-productionstheexchangeofnewsdocumentaryservicesandtraining.ThisalsoinvolvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforthecreationofaEuropeanbankforTelevisionProductionwhichonthemodeloftheEuropeanInvestmentsBankwillhandlethefinancesnecessaryforproductioncosts.50Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascaleitisnoexaggerationtosay“Unitedwestanddividedwefall”--andifIhadtochooseasloganitwouldbe“Unityinourdiversity.”Aunityofobjectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry.SectionIIIWritingPartA
51.Directions:TwomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineDesignsFashions.Butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.Youdecidetoquit.WritealettertoyourbossMr.Wangtellinghimyourdecisionstatingyourreasonsandmakinganapology.Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“LiMing”instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10pointsPartB
52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushouldfirstdescribethedrawingtheninterpretitsmeaningandgiveyourcommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.20points2005年考研英语真题答案SectionI:UseofEnglish10points
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46.电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一也许在此之前,就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言,电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用
47.多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起
48.仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域这个事实通过统计数字一目了然,统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%
49.创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事,需要战略性选择正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带
50.在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中,我们可以毫不夸张地说,“团结,我们就会站起来;分裂,我们就会倒下去”SectionIII:Writing30pointsPartA10points
51.参考范文ALettertoQuitJun222005DearMr.WangFirstofallpleaseallowmetoexpressmydeepsorrytoyouformyresignation.IdoknowthatthiswillbringaboutmuchtroubletoyousothatIwritetoyouformyexplanation.Idecidedtoquitforsomereasonsasfollows.TobeginwiththejobasaneditorforthemagazineDesignsFashionsisnotsuitabletome.What’smoreIampreparingforanotherdegreeandIprefertofurthermystudy.AgainIapologizeformyresignationtoyou!Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.SincerelyyoursLiMingPartB20points
52.参考范文AHelplessFatherThepictureironicallyshowsthatapitiableoldmaninragsisbeinghelplesslykickedoffbyhisthreesonsandadaughterwhoallweardecentclothes.Thefather’snegligentchildrenareallguardingtheirhomegateslesttheiroldfather“rollinto”theirhouseholds.Inotherwordstheyfourignoretheirmoralsenseofassumingtheresponsibilityfortheiroldfathereventhoughtheymaybealllivingasatisfyinglife.Thatisapainfulsceneweoftenencounterinourdailylife.Sadtosaythemoraldeclineoftheyoungergenerationsmaybearatherexplosivesituationinourmodernsociety.Peopledefinitelyhavetheirlivingconditionsimprovedbywiderandwidermarginsasevidencedbythefourchildren’sdecentdressingbuttheirmoralsensestillremainssadlyunchangedorinsomecasesbecomesdramaticallydowngrading.Mostpeoplemighthavebecometoomuchself-centeredandevenworsetheydiscardthetraditionofgivingrespecttotheelderly.Theynolongercarefortheireldersletalonetheirneighborsorthedisadvantaged;insteadtheytryeverymeanstoavoidresponsibilityforothercitizens.Whenonecaresforothersonemightevenappearstupidormayevenbedistrusted.Thereforewehavetotakesomeusefulmeasurestoavoidthescenethatismentionedabove.Wemustlaunchavarietyofcampaignsaboutthereturntothegoodtraditionofgivinghelpandlovetotheelderly.Moreoverwemustappealtoourgovernmenttoestablishsomerelevantlawstopunishthosewhoavoidtheirduties.Thelastbutnottheleastourrespectforageisanindicationoftheprogressofhumansocietyasimperativesoftraditionsrequire.Wesincerelywishthattheoldmancouldbewelcometoanyofthefourhouseholdselegantlydressedandasmileontheface.2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.TherearethreepartsinthissectionPartAPartBandPartC.Rememberwhileyouaredoingthetestyoushouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsectionyouwillhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET
1.NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.PartADirections:Forquestions1-5youwillhearatalkaboutthegeographyofBelgium.Whileyoulistenfilloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.5pointsGeographyofBelgiumThreemainregionscoastalplaincentralplateauhighlands1Highestaltitudeofthecoastalplainm2ClimateneartheseaHumidMild3ParticularlyrainymonthsoftheyearsAprilNovember4AveragetemperaturesinJulyinBrusselslow13℃high℃5PartBDirections:ForQuestions6-10youwillhearaninterviewwithMr.SaffofromtheInstitutefortheFuture.Whileyoulistencompletethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.5pointsWhatisSaffoaccordingtohimselfTheInstitutefortheFutureprovidesservicestoprivatecompaniesand________.TheInstitutebelievesthattothinksystematicallyaboutthelong-rangefutureis________.Tosucceedinanythingoneshouldbeflexiblecuriousand________.WhatdoesSaffoconsidertobeessentialtotheworkofateamAtechnologyforecaster6governmentagencies7Ameaningfulexercise8opentochange9Trustandcooperation10PartCDirections:Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachoneyouwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelisteninganswereachquestionbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].Afterlisteningyouwillhavetimetocheckyouranswers.Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.10pointsQuestions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutnamingnewborns.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-
13.
11.Whatdoweoftendowiththethingswelove[A]Askfortheirnames.[B]Namebabiesafterthem.[C]Putdowntheirnames.(D)[D]Choosenamesforthem.
12.Theunpleasantmeaningofanoldfamilynameisoftenoverlookedif________.[A]thefamilytreeisfairlylimited[B]thefamilytieisstrongenough[C]thenameiscommonlyused(B)[D]nobodyinthefamilycomplains
13.Severalmonthsafterababy’sbirthitsnamewill________.[A]showthebeautyofitsown[B]developmoreassociations[C]losetheoriginalmeaning(C)[D]helpformthebaby’spersonalityQuestions14-16arebasedonthebiographyofBobbyMooreanEnglishsoccerplayer.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-
16.
14.HowmanymatchesdidMooreplayduringhisprofessionalcareer[A]90[B]108[C]180(D)[D]
66815.In1964BobbyMoorewasmade________.[A]England’sfootballeroftheyear[B]asoccercoachinWestGermany[C]amedalistforhissportsmanship(A)[D]anumberoftheOrderoftheBritishEmpire
16.AfterMooreretiredfromplayingthefirstthinghedidwas________.[A]editingSundaySport[B]workingforCapitalRadio[C]managingprofessionalsoccerteams(C)[D]developingasportsmarketingcompanyQuestions17-20arebasedonthefollowingtalkonthecityofBelfast.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-
20.
17.Belfasthaslongbeenfamousforits________.[A]oilrefinery[B]linentextiles[C]foodproducts(B)[D]deepwaterport
18.WhichofthefollowingdoesBelfastchieflyexport[A]Soap[B]Grain[C]Steel(A)[D]Tobacco
19.WhenwasBelfastfounded[A]In1177[B]In1315[C]Inthe16thcentury(A)[D]Inthe17thcentury
20.WhathappenedinBelfastinthelate18thcentury[A]Frenchrefugeesarrived.[B]Theharborwasdestroyed.[C]Shipbuildingbegantoflourish.(C)[D]ThecitywastakenbytheEnglish.Younowhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET
1.SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsManytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquencycrimescommittedbyyoungpeoplefocuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theoriesontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehaviortheywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthroughwithothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesintotheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatusasarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamiliesthefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimeslackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheorieshoweveraretentativeandaretocriticism.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectlyjuvenilecrimerates.Forexamplechangesintheeconomythattofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemploymentmakegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayinleadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.Familieshavealsochangestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathomewascommoninthetraditionalfamily.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Othercausesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschooltheincreasedofdrugsandalcoholandthegrowingofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalactadirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.
21.[A]acting[B]relying[C]centering(C)[D]commenting
22.[A]before[B]unless[C]until(D)[D]because
23.[A]interaction[B]assimilation[C]cooperation(A)[D]consultation
24.[A]return[B]reply[C]reference(D)[D]response
25.[A]or[B]butrather[C]but(A)[D]orelse
26.[A]considering[B]ignoring[C]highlighting(B)[D]discarding
27.[A]on[B]in[C]for(C)[D]with
28.[A]immune[B]resistant[C]sensitive(D)[D]subject
29.[A]affect[B]reduce[C]check(A)[D]reflect
30.[A]point[B]lead[C]come(B)[D]amount
31.[A]ingeneral[B]onaverage[C]bycontrast(A)[D]atlength
32.[A]case[B]short[C]turn(C)[D]essence
33.[A]survived[B]noticed[C]undertaken(D)[D]experienced
34.[A]contrarily[B]consequently[C]similarly(B)[D]simultaneously
35.[A]than[B]that[C]which(A)[D]as
36.[A]system[B]structure[C]concept(B)[D]heritage
37.[A]assessable[B]identifiable[C]negligible(B)[D]incredible
38.[A]expense[B]restriction[C]allocation(D)[D]availability
39.[A]incidence[B]awareness[C]exposure(A)[D]popularity
40.[A]provided[B]since[C]although(C)[D]supposingSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.40pointsText1HuntingforajoblatelastyearlawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilderajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite’s“personalsearchagent.”It’saninteractivefeaturethatletsvisitorskeyinjobcriteriasuchaslocationtitleandsalarythenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionispostedinthedatabase.RedmonchosethekeywordslegalintellectualpropertyandWashingtonD.C.Threeweekslaterhegothisfirstnotificationofanopening.“Istruckgold”saysRedmonwhoE-mailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionasin-housecounselforacompany.Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternetfindingpromisingopeningscanbetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmoncareerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteriaforexamplemayworkagainstyou:“Everytimeyouansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility.”saysoneexpert.Foranyjobsearchyoushouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyouwanttodo--thenbroadenit.“Noneoftheseprogramsdothat”saysanotherexpert.“There’snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.”Insteadthebeststrategyistousetheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;whenyougetE-mailconsideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.“Iwouldnotrelyonagentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme”saystheauthorofajob-searchingguide.Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite’sagentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsserviceforexampleitincludesonlythreepotentialjobs--thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybemorematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofindthem--andtheydo.“Onthedayafterwesendourmessagesweseeasharpincreaseinourtraffic”saysSethPeetsvicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.Eventhosewhoaren’thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Someusethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgatherinformationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.AlthoughhappilyemployedRedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.“Youalwayskeepyoureyesopen”hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetofeyeslookingoutforyou.
41.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob[A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.[B]Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.[C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.(C)[D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.
42.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents[A]Lackofcounseling.[B]Limitednumberofvisits.[C]Lowerefficiency.(A)[D]Fewersuccessfulmatches.
43.Theexpression“tipservice”Line4Paragraph3mostprobablymeans________.[A]advisory[B]compensation[C]interaction(D)[D]reminder
44.WhydoesCareerSite’sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions[A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.[B]Toattractmorereturningvisits.[C]Toreservespaceformoremessages.(B)[D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess.
45.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext[A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters.[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands.[C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed.(C)[D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.Text2Overthepastcenturyallkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.Thisforthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantagereferstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoëZysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush’spredecessorsincludinghisfatherhadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.EvenmorestrikingsixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantagedBerlusconiBlairBushChiracChrétienandKoizumi.Theworld’sthreetopcentralbankersGreenspanDuisenbergandHayamiareallclosetothetopofthealphabetevenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld’sfiverichestmenGatesBuffettAllenEllisonandAlbrecht.CanthismerelybecoincidenceOnetheorydreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantagedisthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschoolteachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefronttomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrowandisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalificationsbecausetheygetlessindividualattentionaswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.Thehumiliationcontinues.AtuniversitygraduationceremoniestheABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviewselectionballotpaperslistsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabeticallyandtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.
46.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality.[B]Atypeofconspicuousbias.[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudice.(A)[D]Akindofbranddiscrimination.
47.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs[A]InbothEastandWestnamesareessentialtosuccess.[B]ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoëZysman.[C]Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names.(D)[D]Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize.
48.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat________.[A]questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents[B]alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass[C]teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents(C)[D]studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight
49.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”Lines2-3Paragraph5[A]Theyaregettingimpatient.[B]Theyarenoisilydozingoff.[C]Theyarefeelinghumiliated.(B)[D]Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles.
50.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext[A]PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated.[B]VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism.[C]Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo.(D)[D]Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias.Text3WhenitcomestotheslowingeconomyEllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-oldmanicuristisn’tcuttingfillingorpolishingasmanynailsasshe’dliketoeither.Mostofherclientsspend$12to$50weeklybutlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.“I’magoodeconomicindicator”shesays.“Iprovideaservicethatpeoplecandowithoutwhenthey’reconcernedaboutsavingsomedollars.”SoSperoisdownscalingshoppingatmiddle-browDillard’sdepartmentstorenearhersuburbanClevelandhomeinsteadofNeimanMarcus.“Idon’tknowifotherclientsaregoingtoabandonmetoo.”shesays.EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan’sadmissionthatAmerica’sred-hoteconomyiscoolinglotsofworkingfolkshadalreadyseensignsoftheslowdownthemselves.FromcardealershipstoGapoutletssaleshavebeenlaggingformonthsasshopperstempertheirspending.Forretailerswholastyeartookin24percentoftheirrevenuebetweenThanksgivingandChristmasthecautiousapproachiscomingatacrucialtime.Alreadyexpertssayholidaysalesareoff7percentfromlastyear’space.Butdon’tsoundanyalarmsjustyet.Consumersseemonlymildlyconcernednotpanickedandmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy’slong-termprospectsevenastheydosomemodestbelt-tightening.Consumerssaythey’renotindespairbecausedespitethedreadfulheadlinestheirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood.Homepricesareholdingsteadyinmostregions.InManhattan“there’sanewgoldrushhappeninginthe$4millionto$10millionrangepredominantlyfedbyWallStreetbonuses”saysbrokerBarbaraCorcoran.InSanFranciscopricesarestillrisingevenasfrenziedoverbiddingquiets.“Insteadof20to30offersnowmaybeyouonlygettwoorthree”saysJohnTealdiaBayAreareal-estatebroker.Andmostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Potentialhomebuyerswouldcheerforlowerinterestrates.Employerswouldn’tmindalittlefewerbubblesinthejobmarket.Manyconsumersseemtohavebeeninfluencedbystock-marketswingswhichinvestorsnowviewasanecessaryingredienttoasustainedboom.Dinersmightseeanupsidetoo.GettingatableatManhattan’shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible.Notanymore.ForthatGreenspanCo.maystillbeworthtoasting.
51.By“EllenSperoisn’tbitinghernailsjustyet”Lines1-2Paragraph1theauthormeans________.[A]Sperocanhardlymaintainherbusiness[B]Speroistoomuchengagedinherwork[C]Sperohasgrownoutofherbadhabit(D)[D]Speroisnotinadesperatesituation
52.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation[A]Optimistic.[B]Confused.[C]Carefree.(A)[D]Panicked.
53.Whenmentioning“the$4millionto$10millionrange”Lines3-4Paragraph3theauthoristalkingabout________.[A]goldmarket[B]realestate[C]stockexchange(B)[D]ventureinvestment
54.Whycanmanypeoplesee“silverlinings”totheeconomicslowdown[A]Theywouldbenefitincertainways.[B]Thestockmarketshowssignsofrecovery.[C]Suchaslowdownusuallyprecedesaboom.(A)[D]Thepurchasingpowerwouldbeenhanced.
55.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree[A]Anewboomonthehorizon.[B]Tightenthebeltthesingleremedy.[C]Cautionallrightpanicnot.(C)[D]Themoreventuresthemorechances.Text4Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletesentertainersandentrepreneursnotscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation--nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbookLeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReformstracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschoolsconcludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcriticallytodefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofotherstheycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.ContinuingalongthispathsayswriterEarlShorris“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLifeaPulitzer-Prizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpoliticsreligionandeducation.FromthebeginningofourhistorysaysHofstadterourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicalitycommonsenseandnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized--goingtoschoolandlearningtoread--sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.IntellectaccordingtoHofstadterisdifferentfromnativeintelligenceaqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecriticalcreativeandcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograspmanipulatere-orderandadjustwhileintellectexaminesponderswonderstheorizescriticizesandimagines.Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”
56.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool[A]Thehabitofthinkingindependently.[B]Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.[C]Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.(C)[D]Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.
57.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof________.[A]undervaluingintellect[B]favoringintellectualism[C]supportingschoolreform(A)[D]suppressingnativeintelligence
58.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare________.[A]identical[B]similar[C]complementary(D)[D]opposite
59.Emersonaccordingtothetextisprobably________.[A]apioneerofeducationreform[B]anopponentofintellectualism[C]ascholarinfavorofintellect(B)[D]anadvocateofregularschooling
60.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect[A]Itissecondtointelligence.[B]Itevolvesfromcommonsense.[C]Itistobepursued.(C)[D]Itunderliespower.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET
2.10pointsTherelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersformanycenturies.61TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthoughtwhichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguistsFranzBoasandEdwardSapirwerepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.62Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanishedasthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.Otherlinguistsintheearlierpartofthiscenturyhoweverwhowerelesseagertodealwithbizarredatafrom“exotic”languagewerenotalwayssograteful.63ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.NativeAmericanlanguagesareindeeddifferentsomuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacodeduringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages.Sapir’spupilBenjaminLeeWhorfcontinuedthestudyofAmericanIndianlanguages.64BeinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthoughtWhorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.Hereasonedthatbecauseitiseasiertoformulatecertainconceptsandnotothersinagivenlanguagethespeakersofthatlanguagethinkalongonetrackandnotalonganother.65Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhichinitsstrongestformstatesthatlanguageimprisonsthemindandthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.LaterthisideabecametobeknownastheSapir-Whorfhypothesisbutthistermissomewhatinappropriate.AlthoughbothSapirandWhorfemphasizedthediversityoflanguagesSapirhimselfneverexplicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism.
61.________
62.________
63.________
64.________
65.________SectionIVWriting
66.Directions:Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1describethedrawing2interpretitsmeaningand3supportyourviewwithexamples.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.20points2004年考研英语真题答案SectionI:ListeningComprehension20pointsPartA5points
1.highlands
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203.mild
4.November
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6.Atechnologyforecaster;
7.governmentagencies;
8.Ameaningfulexercise;
9.opentochange;
10.Trustandcooperation.PartC10points
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20.[C]SectionII:UseofEnglish10points
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40.[C]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension50pointsPartA40points
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60.[C]PartB10points
61.希腊人认为语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根
62.我们之所有感激他们两位先驱是因为在此之后这些土著语言中有一些已经不复存在了这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言
63.这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往往差别显著以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料
64.Whorf对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣逐渐形成了这样的观点在一个社会中语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构
65.Whorf进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点其极端说法是语言禁锢思维语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响SectionIV:Writing20points
66.参考范文Lookatthispicture.Amanisrunningtowardtheendofaracesweatingallover.Perhapsthereisnothingspecialaboutthemanandtheraceyettheendlineleavesadeepimpressiononusforitisboth“finishline”and“startingline”ifwelookatitfromadifferentangle.Thepicturetellsusalotaboutlife.Anordinaryrunnermaythinkthathisachievementcallsforcelebrationforhehasreachedhisgoal.Butanambitiousrunnerwillwellrealizethathissuccessisthestartingpointforanewrace.Obviouslythewaywelookatthingsdetermineshowfarwewillgo.Ifwefeelsatisfiedwiththeabilitytoreadandwriteperhapswewillnotstrivetogetacollegeeducation.AgainifwethinkaBachelorsdegreeisquiteenoughwewillnottakepainstopasstheexaminationforpostgraduate.Lifeisjustlikeanendlessrace.Ifwedon’tpreparefornewracesweareeitherdisqualifiedfromtheraceorsurpassedbyothers.That’swhythefinishlineisalsoastartingline.Ilikethispicture.ImayhavebeenrunningthisendlessracebutIhavebeenpushedforwardbymyparentsorpeoplearoundme.FromnowonIwillbecomemoreactiveandtaketheinitiativeforthepicturehasreallyenlightenedme.233words2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.TherearethreepartsinthissectionPartAPartBandPartC.Rememberwhileyoushouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.AttheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsectionyouwillhavefiveminutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET
1.NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.PartADirections:ForQuestion1-5youwillhearatalkaboutBostonMuseumofFineArt.Whileyoulistenfilloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.5pointsBostonMuseumofFineArtsFoundedyear1870Openedtothepublicyear1876Question1Movedtothecurrentlocationyear1909Thewestwingcompletedyear1981Question2Numberofdepartments9ThemostremarkabledepartmenttextilesQuestion3ExhibitionSpacem219137Question4Approximatenumberofvisitors/year800000ProgramsprovidedclasseslecturesconcertsQuestion5PartBDirections:ForQuestions6-10youwillhearaninterviewwithanexpertonmarriageproblems.Whileyoulistencompletethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.5pointsWhatshouldbetheprimarysourceofhelpforatroubledcouple.Question6Writingdownalistofproblemsinthemarriagemayhelpatroubledcouplediscussthem.Question7Whoshouldacoupleconsiderseriouslyturningtoiftheycan’ttalkwitheachother.Question8Priestsareusuallyunsuccessfulincounselingtroubledcouplesdespitetheir.Question9Accordingtotheoldnotionwhatwillmakeheartsgrowfonder.Question10PartCDirections:Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachoneyouwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelisteninganswereachquestionbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].Afterlisteningyouwillhavetimetocheckyouranswersyouwillheareachpieceonceonly.10pointsQuestions11-13arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutnappingyounowhave15secondstoreadquestions11-
13.
11.Childrenunderfivehaveabundantenergypartlybecausethey________.[A]sleepinthreedistinctparts[B]havemanyfive-minutenaps[C]sleepinonelongblock(D)[D]takeoneortwonapsdaily
12.Accordingtothespeakerthesleeppatternofababyisdeterminedby________.[A]itsgenes[B]itshabit[C]itsmentalstate(A)[D]itsphysicalcondition
13.Thetalksuggeststhatifyoufeelsleepythroughthedayyoushould________.[A]takesomerefreshment[B]gotobedearly[C]havealongrest(D)[D]giveintosleepQuestions14-16arebasedonthefollowinginterviewwithShermanAlexieanAmericanIndianpoet.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-
16.
14.WhydidShermanAlexieonlytakedayjobs[A]Hecouldbringunfinishedworkhome.[B]Hemighthavetimetopursuehisinterests.[C]Hemightdosomeeveningteaching.(B)[D]Hecouldinvestmoreemotioninhisfamily.
15.Whatwashisoriginalgoalatcollege[A]toteachinhighschool[B]towritehisownbooks[C]tobeamedicaldoctor(C)[D]tobeamathematician
16.Whydidhetakethepoetry-writingclass[A]Tofollowhisfather.[B]Foraneasygrade.[C]Tochangehisspecialty.(B)[D]Forknowledgeofpoetry.Questions17-20arebasedonthefollowingtalkaboutpublicspeaking.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-
20.
17.Whatisthemostimportantthinginpublicspeaking[A]Confidence.[B]Preparation.[C]Informativeness.(B)[D]Organization.
18.Whatdoesthespeakeradviseustodotocapturetheaudience’sattention[A]Gatherabundantdata.[B]Organizetheidealogically.[C]Developagreatopening.(C)[D]Selectappropriatematerials.
19.Ifyoudon’tstartworkingforthepresentationuntilthedaybeforeyouwillfeel________.[A]uneasy[B]uncertain[C]frustrated(A)[D]depressed
20.Whoisthisspeechmostprobablymeantfor[A]Thoseinterestedinthepowerofpersuasion.[B]Thosetryingtoimprovetheirpublicimages.[C]Thoseplanningtotakeupsomepublicwork.(D)[D]Thoseeagertobecomeeffectivespeakers.Younowhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET
1.SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsTeachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserioustohowtheycanbestsuchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementandbutnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthethatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsarebyothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbetoplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanloserspublishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviewsstudentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovideopportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessfuldynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedtheofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadultvisibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshaveattentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganizedparticipantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoontoelsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentbyforrolesthatarewithintheirandtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.
21.[A]thought[B]idea[C]opinion(A)[D]advice
22.[A]strengthen[B]accommodate[C]stimulate(B)[D]enhance
23.[A]care[B]nutrition[C]exercise(C)[D]leisure
24.[A]If[B]Although[C]Whereas(D)[D]Because
25.[A]assistance[B]guidance[C]confidence(C)[D]tolerance
26.[A]claimed[B]admired[C]ignored(B)[D]surpassed
27.[A]improper[B]risky[C]fair(D)[D]wise
28.[A]ineffect[B]asaresult[C]forexample(C)[D]inasense
29.[A]displaying[B]describing[C]creating(A)[D]exchanging
30.[A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus(D)[D]multiple
31.[A]group[B]individual[C]personnel(A)[D]corporation
32.[A]consent[B]insurance[C]admission(D)[D]security
33.[A]particularly[B]barely[C]definitely(B)[D]rarely
34.[A]similar[B]long[C]different(D)[D]short
35.[A]ifonly[B]nowthat[C]sothat(C)[D]evenif
36.[A]everything[B]anything[C]nothing(D)[D]something
37.[A]off[B]down[C]out(B)[D]alone
38.[A]Onthecontrary[B]Ontheaverage[C]Onthewhole(A)[D]Ontheotherhand
39.[A]making[B]standing[C]planning(C)[D]taking
40.[A]capabilities[B]responsibilities[C]proficiency(A)[D]efficiencySectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET140pointsText1WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarIIandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage--spyingasa“profession.”ThesedaystheNetwhichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmailisreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.InthepastthreeorfouryearstheWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallit“open-sourceintelligence”andastheNetgrowsitisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.ThewinnerbyalargemarginwasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutionswhoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitfordInc.aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustinTexas.StraitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspyingcoveringnationsfromChiletoRussiatocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineat.StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistributionaspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportrunswe’llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine”saysFriedmanaformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisksofcoursesinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.Friedmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthingwherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.StraitfordsaysFriedmantakesprideinitsindependentvoice.
41.TheemergenceoftheNethas________.[A]receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan[B]remoldedtheintelligenceservices[C]restoredmanycommonpastimes(B)[D]revivedspyingasaprofession
42.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto________.[A]introducethetopicofonlinespying[B]showhowhefoughtfortheU.S.[C]giveanepisodeoftheinformationwar(A)[D]honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA
43.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”Line1Paragraph3mostprobablymeans________.[A]causingthebiggesttrouble[B]exertingthegreatesteffort[C]achievingthegreatestsuccess(C)[D]enjoyingthewidestpopularity
44.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4that________.[A]Straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue[B]Straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation[C]Straitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability(D)[D]Straitfordisabletoprovidefairlyreliableinformation
45.Straitfordismostproudofits________.[A]officialstatus[B]nonconformistimage[C]efficientstaff(B)[D]militarybackgroundText2Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocateswhoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfundingandfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettingsmanyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.Forexampleagrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeatnofurnomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizationsshewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydoshereplied“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturnshesaid“Don’tworryscientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionateunderstandableway--inhumantermsnotinthelanguageofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacementafather’sbypassoperationababy’svaccinationsandevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatmentsaswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccinesanimalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditorlestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotourstoshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finallybecausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatientsthehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooperwhohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearchbutallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.
46.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto________.[A]callonscientiststotakesomeactions[B]criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights[C]warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch(A)[D]showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement
47.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis________.[A]cruelbutnatural[B]inhumanandunacceptable[C]inevitablebutvicious(B)[D]pointlessandwasteful
48.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s________.[A]discontentwithanimalresearch[B]ignoranceaboutmedicalscience[C]indifferencetoepidemics(B)[D]anxietyaboutanimalrights
49.Theauthorbelievesthatinfaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocatesscientistsshould________.[A]communicatemorewiththepublic[B]employhi-techmeansinresearch[C]feelnoshamefortheircause(A)[D]strivetodevelopnewcures
50.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis________.[A]awell-knownhumanist[B]amedicalpractitioner[C]anenthusiastinanimalrights(D)[D]asupporterofanimalresearchText3Inrecentyearsrailroadshavebeencombiningwitheachothermergingintosupersystemscausingheightenedconcernsaboutmonopoly.Asrecentlyas1995thetopfourrailroadsaccountedforunder70percentofthetotalton-milesmovedbyrails.Nextyearafteraseriesofmergersiscompletedjustfourrailroadswillcontrolwellover90percentofallthefreightmovedbymajorrailcarriers.Supportersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergerswillallowforsubstantialcostreductionsandbettercoordinatedservice.Anythreatofmonopolytheyargueisremovedbyfiercecompetitionfromtrucks.Butmanyshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistancessuchascoalchemicalsandgraintruckingistoocostlyandtherailroadsthereforehavethembythethroat.Thevastconsolidationwithintherailindustrymeansthatmostshippersareservedbyonlyonerailcompany.Railroadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30percentmorethantheydowhenanotherrailroadiscompetingforthebusiness.Shipperswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederalgovernment’sSurfaceTransportationBoardforratereliefbuttheprocessisexpensivetime-consumingandwillworkonlyintrulyextremecases.Railroadsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone’scost.Ifrailroadschargedallcustomersthesameaverageratetheyargueshipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddosoleavingremainingcustomerstoshoulderthecostofkeepinguptheline.It’satheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribebutinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace”asksMartinBercoviciaWashingtonlawyerwhofrequentlyrepresentsshippers.Manycaptiveshippersalsoworrytheywillsoonbehitwitharoundofhugerateincreases.Therailroadindustryasawholedespiteitsbrighteningfortunesstilldoesnotearnenoughtocoverthecostofthecapitalitmustinvesttokeepupwithitssurgingtraffic.YetrailroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanotherwithWallStreetcheeringthemon.Considerthe$
10.2billionbidbyNorfolkSouthernandCSXtoacquireConrailthisyear.Conrail’snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427millionlessthanhalfofthecarryingcostsofthetransaction.Who’sgoingtopayfortherestofthebillManycaptiveshippersfearthattheywillasNorfolkSouthernandCSXincreasetheirgriponthemarket.
51.Accordingtothosewhosupportmergersrailwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause________.[A]costreductionisbasedoncompetition[B]servicescallforcross-tradecoordination[C]outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist(C)[D]shipperswillhavetherailwaybythethroat
52.Whatismanycaptiveshippers’attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry[A]Indifferent.[B]Supportive.[C]Indignant.(D)[D]Apprehensive.
53.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that________.[A]shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad[B]therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide[C]overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief(C)[D]agovernmentboardensuresfairplayinrailwaybusiness
54.Theword“arbiters”Line7Paragraph4mostprobablyreferstothose________.[A]whoworkascoordinators[B]whofunctionasjudges[C]whosupervisetransactions(B)[D]whodeterminetheprice
55.Accordingtothetextthecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby________.[A]thecontinuingacquisition[B]thegrowingtraffic[C]thecheeringWallStreet(A)[D]theshrinkingmarketText4ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressinginCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplacedclinicaldepressioncontrolledcataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath--andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperishevenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevelyetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcarewedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforusevenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians--frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient--toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.In1950theU.S.spent$
12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002thecostwillbe$1540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage--say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”sothatyoungerhealthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyondandremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe
53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70sandformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-oldIwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.AsaphysicianIknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSwedencountriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcarehaveachievedlongerhealthierlivesthanwehave.Asanationwemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.
56.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence[A]Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.[B]Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.[C]Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.(C)[D]Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.
57.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat________.[A]medicalresourcesareoftenwasted[B]doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases[C]sometreatmentsaretooaggressive(A)[D]medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable
58.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof________.[A]strongdisapproval[B]reservedconsent[C]slightcontempt(B)[D]enthusiasticsupport
59.IncontrasttotheU.S.JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare________.[A]moreflexibly[B]moreextravagantly[C]morecautiously(D)[D]morereasonably
60.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat________.[A]medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives[B]lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving[C]deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife(C)[D]excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcarePartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET
2.10pointsHumanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreativepossessedofinsatiablecuriosity.61Furthermorehumanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylivethussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.ThereforeitisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmannerwiththehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos:“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsverynameanthropologyencompassesthestudyofallhumankind.Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.62Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasonedorderlysystematicanddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeographyeconomicspoliticalsciencepsychologyandsociology.Eachofthesesocialscienceshasasubfieldorspecializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.Allthesocialsciencesfocusuponthestudyofhumanity.Anthropologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.63Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-handcombinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresentmakesthisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Anthropologicalanalysesrestheavilyupontheconceptofculture.SirEdwardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.64Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbeliefartmoralslawcustomandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsightsoprofoundinitssimplicityopenedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghumanlife.ImplicitwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearnedsharedandpatternedbehavior.65Thustheanthropologicalconceptof“culture”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematicsisanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsofconcreteresearchandunderstanding.SectionIVWriting
66.Directions:Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1describethesetofdrawingsinterpretitsmeaningand2pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.20points2003年考研英语真题答案SectionI:ListeningComprehension20pointsPartA5points
1.
18762.
19813.textiles
4.
191375.concertsPartB5points
6.thecouplethemselves
7.constructively
8.aqualifiedpsychologist
9.goodintentions
10.absencePartC10points
11.[D]
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20.[D]SectionII:UseofEnglish10points
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27.[D]
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30.[D]
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32.[D]
33.[B]
34.[D]
35.[C]
36.[D]
37.[B]
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39.[C]
40.[A]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension50pointsPartA40points
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42.[A]
43.[C]
44.[D]
45.[B]
46.[A]
47.[B]
48.[B]
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50.[D]
51.[C]
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53.[C]
54.[B]
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56.[C]
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59.[D]
60.[C]PartB10points
61.而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而是让所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象
62.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支,它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样,用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为
63.强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学
64.泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体,它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”
65.因此,人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样,是一个抽象概念,它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能SectionIV:Writing20points
66.参考范文Asisshowninthetwopicturesthesameflowerhasdifferentfatewhenputindifferentsituations.Whenthereisprotectiontheflowerbloomsbeautifully.Howeverwhenexposeddirectlytorainandstormtheflowerquicklywithers.Wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatgreenhouseflowerscannotwithstandrainandstorm.Thesameistruewithourchildren.Astheone-childpolicyisadoptedinChinamoreandmoreparentsoverprotecttheirchildren.Witheverythingdoneforthemandeveryneedsatisfiedbytheirparentsorgrandparentstheseonlychildrenseemtobehealthyhappyandhigh-spirited.Butwhentheyleavehometheybecomedisappointedandfrustrated.Facingharshthingstheyhaveneverexperiencedbeforesuchascompetitionfrompeerscriticismfromsupervisorspressurefordeadlinesandrestrictionfordisciplinetheywillbeatalossmiserableorevendesperate.Infactthemoreprotectiontheygetfromtheirparentsthelessabilitytheyacquire.Parents’lovefortheirchildrenturnsouttobeadisaster.Childrenlikeflowersshouldbetreatedwithcarebutreasonableandsensiblewaysofdoingthingswillhelptobringaboutmorefruitfulresultsifwenotonlyloveourchildrenbutalsoteachthemhowtoloveourlovewillbepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration;ifwenotonlysolveproblemsforourchildrenbutalsoencouragethemtosolveproblemsourdiligenceandingenuitywillmakeourlifemoremeaningfulandworthwhile.2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题一NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates2002考生注意事项
1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题
2.答题前考生应将答题卡上的”考生姓名”、”报考单位”、”考试语种”、”考生编号”等信息填写清楚并与准考证上的一致
3.全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题
一、试题二
4.本试题为试题一共4页1~4页考生必须在规定的时间内作答
5.试题一为听力部分该部分共有A、B、C三节所有答案都应填写或填涂在答题卡1上A、B两节必须用蓝黑圆珠笔答题注意字迹清楚C节必须用2B铅笔按照答题卡上的要求填涂如要改动必须用橡皮擦干净
6.听力考试进行时考生应先将答案写或标记在试题上然后在听力部分结束前专门留出的5分钟内将答案整洁地誊写或转涂到答题卡1上仅写或标记在试题上不给分SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThisSectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.TherearethreepartsinthissectionPartAPartBandPartC.Rememberwhileyouaredoingthetestyoushouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsectionyouwillhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET
1.NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.PartADirections:ForQuestions1-5youwillhearanintroductionaboutthelifeofMargaretWelch.Whileyoulistenfilloutthetablewiththeinformationyou’veheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.5pointsWelch’sPersonalInformationPlaceofBirthPhiladelphiaYearofBirth1901TransfertoBarnardUniversityYear1920MajoratUniversitysociology1FinalDegreePhDYearofMarriage1928GrowingUpInNewGuineaPublishedYear19302FieldStudyintheSouthPacificAge233MainInterestreligions4ProfessorshipatColumbiaStartedYear19545DeathAge77PartBDirections:Forquestions6-10youwillhearatalkbyawell-knownU.S.journalist.Whileyoulistencompletethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.5pointsBesidesreporterswhoelsewerecampedoutfordaysoutsidethespeaker’shomeOnereportergottothespeaker’sapartmentpretendingtopay.ThespeakerbelievedthereporterwantedapictureofherlookingWhereisacorrectiontoafalsestoryusuallyplacedAccordingtothespeakerthepresswilllosereadersunlesstheeditorsandthenewsdirectorsPartCDirections:Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachoneyouwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelisteninganswereachquestionbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].Afterlisteningyouwillhavetimetocheckyouranswers.Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.10pointsQuestions11-13arebasedonareportaboutchildren’shealthydevelopment.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-
13.
11.Whatunusualquestionmaydoctorsaskwhengivingkidsacheckupnexttime[A]Howmuchexercisetheygeteveryday.[B]Whattheyaremostworriedabout.[C]Howlongtheirparentsaccompanythemdaily.(D)[D]Whatentertainmenttheyareinterestedin.
12.Theacademysuggeststhatchildrenunderagetwo________.[A]getenoughentertainment[B]havemoreactivities[C]receiveearlyeducation(B)[D]haveregularcheckups
13.Accordingtothereportchildren’sbedroomsshould________.[A]benoplaceforplay[B]benearacommonarea[C]havenoTVsets(C)[D]haveacomputerforstudyQuestions14-16arebasedonthefollowingtalkabouthowtosavemoney.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-
16.
14.Accordingtothespeakerwhatshouldonepayspecialattentiontoifhewantstosaveup[A]Familydebts.[B]Banksavings.[C]Monthlybills.(D)[D]Spendinghabits.
15.Howmuchcanapersonsavebyretirementifhegivesuphispack-a-dayhabit[A]$
190000.[B]$
330000.[C]$
500000.(B)[D]$
1000000.
16.Whatshouldonedobeforepayingmonthlybillsifhewantstoaccumulatewealth[A]Investintoamutualfund.[B]Usethediscounttickets.[C]Quithiseating-outhabit.(A)[D]Useonlypaperbillsandsavecoins.Questions17-20arebasedonaninterviewwithHerbertA.Gliebermanadomestic-relationslawyer.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-
20.
17.Whichwordbestdescribesthelawyer’spredictionofthechangeindivorcerate[A]Fall[B]Rise[C]V-shape(A)[D]Zigzag
18.Whatdopeoplenowadaysdesiretodoconcerningtheirmarriage[A]Toembracechangesofthought.[B]Toadapttothedisintegratedfamilylife.[C]Toreturntothepracticeinthe‘60sand‘70s.(D)[D]Tocreatestabilityintheirlives.
19.Whydidsomepeoplechoosenottodivorce20yearsago[A]Theyfearedthecomplicatedprocedures.[B]Theywantedtogoagainstthetrend.[C]Theywereafraidoflosingface.(C)[D]theywerewillingtostaytogether.
20.Yearsagoadivorcedmaninacompanywouldhave________.[A]beenshiftedaroundthecountry.[B]haddifficultybeingpromoted.[C]enjoyedahappierlife.(B)[D]tastedlittlebitternessofdisgrace.Younowhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET
1.THISISTHEENDOFSECTIONIDONOTREADORWORKONTHENEXTSECTIONUNTILYOUARETOLDTOCONTINUE全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题二NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates2002考生注意事项
1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则,得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题
2.全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题
一、试题二
3.本试题为试题二,共11页5~15页,含有英语知识运用、阅读理解、写作三个部分英语知识运用、阅读理解A节的答案必须用2B铅笔按要求直接填涂在答题卡1上,如要改动,必须用橡皮擦干净阅读理解B节和写作部分必须用蓝黑圆珠笔在答题卡2上答题,注意字迹清楚
4.考试结束后,考生应将答题卡
1、答题卡2一并装入原试卷袋中,将试题
一、试题二交给监考人员SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmark[A][B][C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET
1.10pointsComparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened.Aswasdiscussedbeforeitwasnotthe19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronicfollowinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandintheoftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolutionupbeginningwithtransporttherailwayandleadingthroughthetelegraphthetelephoneradioandmotionpicturesthe20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin.Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognizedthattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcenturybytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960sradicallychangedtheprocessitsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately.Astimewentbycomputersbecamesmallerandmorepowerfulandtheybecame“personal”tooaswellaswithdisplaybecomingsharperandstorageincreasing.Theywerethoughtoflikepeoplegenerationswiththedistancebetweengenerationsmuch.Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety”begantobewidelyusedtodescribethewithinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhasbothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtimebuttherehavebeenviewsaboutitseconomicpoliticalsocialandculturalimplications.“Benefits”havebeenweighed“harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.
21.[A]between[B]before[C]since(A)[D]later
22.[A]after[B]by[C]during(D)[D]until
23.[A]means[B]method[C]medium(C)[D]measure
24.[A]process[B]company[C]light(B)[D]form
25.[A]gathered[B]speeded[C]worked(B)[D]picked
26.[A]on[B]out[C]over(A)[D]off
27.[A]of[B]for[C]beyond(D)[D]into
28.[A]concept[B]dimension[C]effect(D)[D]perspective
29.[A]indeed[B]hence[C]however(C)[D]therefore
30.[A]brought[B]followed[C]stimulated(B)[D]characterized
31.[A]unless[B]since[C]lest(D)[D]although
32.[A]apparent[B]desirable[C]negative(A)[D]plausible
33.[A]institutional[B]universal[C]fundamental(A)[D]instrumental
34.[A]ability[B]capability[C]capacity(C)[D]faculty
35.[A]bymeansof[B]intermsof[C]withregardto(B)[D]inlinewith
36.[A]deeper[B]fewer[C]nearer(D)[D]smaller
37.[A]context[B]range[C]scope(A)[D]territory
38.[A]regarded[B]impressed[C]influenced(C)[D]effected
39.[A]competitive[B]controversial[C]distracting(B)[D]irrational
40.[A]above[B]upon[C]against(C)[D]withSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A][B][C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET
1.40pointsText1Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmileyoumustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressingtheproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagersyoumayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretariesyoumaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.HereisanexamplewhichIheardatanurses’conventionofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodationsbeautifulgardenssunnyweatherandsoon.Everyoneisverypeacefulpoliteandfriendlyuntilwaitinginalineforlunchthenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoatwhorushestotheheadofthelinegrabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat”thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Ohthat’sGod”camethereply“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressingyouwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorousyoumustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmilesospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceedgiveup”oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.
41.Tomakeyourhumorworkyoushould________.[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople(C)[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners
42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthatintheeyesofnursestheyare________.[A]impolitetonewarrivals[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole[C]entitledtosomeprivileges(B)[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours
43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________.[A]havebenefitedmanypeople[B]arethefocusofpublicattention[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor(D)[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock
44.Toachievethedesiredresulthumorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________.[A]inwell-wordedlanguage[B]asawkwardlyaspossible[C]inexaggeratedstatements(D)[D]ascasuallyaspossible
45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe________.[A]UseHumorEffectively[B]VariousKindsofHumor[C]AddHumortoSpeech(A)[D]DifferentHumorStrategiesText2Sincethedawnofhumaningenuitypeoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerousboringburdensomeorjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics--thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefictiontheyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresultthemodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanicstherearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy--fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutilitytheywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves--goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror”saysDaveLaverymanagerofaroboticsprogramatNASA“wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.Whattheyfoundinattemptingtomodelthoughtisthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented--andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated--thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevantinstantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofabilityandneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.
46.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin________.[A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork(C)[D]theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork
47.Theword“gizmos”Line1Paragraph2mostprobablymeans________.[A]programs[B]experts[C]devices(C)[D]creatures
48.Accordingtothetextwhatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan________.[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally[C]havealittlecommonsense(D)[D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld
49.Besidesreducinghumanlaborrobotscanalso________.[A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention[C]improvefactoryenvironments(B)[D]cultivatehumancreativity
50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare________.[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation(C)[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironmentText3CouldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturnSinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarchthepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrelupfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshockwhenpricesquadrupledand1979-80whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.SowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistimeTheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowthatthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemispherecouldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEuropetaxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailpricesoevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywereandsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservationashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavyenergy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Softwareconsultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDPinconstantpricesricheconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin
1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthatifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyearcomparedwith$13in1998thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly
0.25-
0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or
1980.Ontheotherhandoil-importingemergingeconomies--towhichheavyindustryhasshifted--havebecomemoreenergy-intensiveandsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthatunliketherisesinthe1970sithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist’scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%andin1979byalmost30%.
51.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis________.[A]globalinflation[B]reductioninsupply[C]fastgrowthineconomy(B)[D]Iraq’ssuspensionofexports
52.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif________.[A]priceofcruderises[B]commoditypricesrise[C]consumptionrises(D)[D]oiltaxesrise
53.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries________.[A]heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive[B]incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices[C]manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed(D)[D]oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP
54.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat________.[A]oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow[B]inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks[C]energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices(A)[D]thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry
55.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems________.[A]optimistic[B]sensitive[C]gloomy(A)[D]scaredText4TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicidetheCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect”acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects--agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen--ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’paineventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.NancyDublerdirectorofMontefioreMedicalCentercontendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhaveveryverystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath.”GeorgeAnnaschairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversitymaintainsthataslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurposethedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It’slikesurgery”hesays.“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatientsalthoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysicianyoucanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide.”Onanotherlevelmanyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicidetheNationalAcademyofScienceNASreleasedatwo-volumereportApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.TheprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospicestotestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapiestodevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcareandtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering”totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse.”Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear…thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension.”
56.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphswelearnthat________.[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide(B)[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide
57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext[A]Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death.[B]Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.[C]TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.(C)[D]Adoctor’smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions.
58.AccordingtotheNAS’sreportoneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis________.[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain[C]systematicdrugabuse(B)[D]insufficienthospitalcare
59.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“aggressive”Line3Paragraph7[A]Bold[B]Harmful[C]Careless(A)[D]Desperate
60.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey________.[A]managetheirpatientsincompetently[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded[C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients(D)[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatientsPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET
2.10pointsAlmostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehaviorandtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehaviorbutwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.61Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmindfeelingstraitsofcharacterhumannatureandsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.62Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportantbutitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpullitselectsandthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.63Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsagoandtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstoodhowevereffectsonceassignedtostatesofmindfeelingsandtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditionsandatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblemshoweveruntilitreplacestraditionalprescientificviewsandthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.64Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomousself-governingmanoftraditionaltheoryandtheyareessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerning“values.”Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends65Untiltheseissuesareresolvedatechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejectedandwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.SectionIVWriting
66.Directions:Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayentitled“Cultures--NationalandInternational”.Intheessayyoushould1describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaningand2giveyourcommentonthephenomenon.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.20pointsAnAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostume服装2002年考研英语真题答案SectionI:ListeningComprehension20pointsPartA5points
1.sociology
2.
19303.
234.religions
5.1954PartB5points
6.cameramen/cameramen
7.apersonalvisit
8.depressed
9.amongadvertisements
10.takefirmactionPartC10points
11.[D]
12.[B]
13.[C]
14.[D]
15.[B]
16.[A]
17.[A]
18.[D]
19.[C]
20.[B]SectionII:UseofEnglish10points
21.[A]
22.[D]
23.[C]
24.[B]
25.[B]
26.[A]
27.[D]
28.[D]
29.[C]
30.[B]
31.[D]
32.[A]
33.[A]
34.[C]
35.[B]
36.[D]
37.[A]
38.[C]
39.[B]
40.[C]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension50pointsPartA40points
41.[C]
42.[B]
43.[D]
44.[D]
45.[A]
46.[C]
47.[C]
48.[D]
49.[B]
50.[C]
51.[B]
52.[D]
53.[D]
54.[A]
55.[A]
56.[B]
57.[C]
58.[B]
59.[A]
60.[D]PartB10points
61.难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源
62.行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的,部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到
63.自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明,而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究
64.自由和尊严它们是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提
65.如果这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥SectionIV:Writing20points
66.参考范文Cultures--nationalandinternationalAsisshowninthepictureayoungAmericangirliswearingtraditionalChinesedressandornamentsandissmilingsweetly.Itmaybeanordinarypicturebutitconveysdeepandprofoundmeaning:nationalcultureisalsointernationalculture.Eversinceweopenedourdoortotheworldwehaveattractedandinfluencedbythingsfromotherculturessuchasjeanscountrymusicandfastfood.Wehaveshownsuchinterestinthemthatsomepeopleespeciallytheyoungergenerationbecomecrazyaboutthem.Themoreexotictheyarethemorefashionabletheyseemtobe.Nownationalculturebeguntoshowitscharmandgainpopularityallovertheworld.OurnationalcostumejustasshowninthepictureBeijingOperaCrossTalkforexamplehavewonfavorwithalotofforeigners.Asnationalculturebecomesinternationalculturepeopleintheworldbetterunderstandeachother.Weareallvillagersinthisglobalvillage.Mutualrespectandunderstandingmakethisworldabetterplacetolivein.2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.5pointsExample:IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimes________
1979.[A]from[B]after[C]for[D]sinceThesentenceshouldread“IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimessince
1979.”Thereforeyoushouldchoose[D].SampleAnswer[A][B][C][■]
1.IfIwereinmoviethenitwouldbeabouttimethatI________myheadinmyhandsforacry.[A]bury[B]amburying[C]buried(C)[D]wouldbury
2.GoodnewswassometimesreleasedprematurelywiththeBritishrecaptureoftheport________halfadaybeforethedefendersactuallysurrendered.[A]toannounce[B]announced[C]announcing(B)[D]wasannounced
3.Accordingtoonebeliefiftruthistobeknownitwillmakeitselfapparentsoone________waitinsteadofsearchingforit.[A]wouldrather[B]hadto[C]cannotbut(D)[D]hadbest
4.Shefeltsuitablyhumblejustasshe________whenhehadfirsttakenagoodlookathercityselfhairwavedandgoldennailsredandpointed.[A]had[B]hadhad[C]wouldhaveand(A)[D]hashad
5.TherewasnosignthatMr.Jospinwhokeepsafirmcontrolonthepartydespite________fromleadershipofitwouldintervenepersonally.[A]beingresigned[B]havingresigned[C]goingtoresign(B)[D]resign
6.Soinvolvedwiththeircomputers________thatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetoforcethemtobreakforsportsandgames.[A]becamethechildren[B]becomethechildren[C]hadthechildrenbecome(D)[D]dothechildrenbecome
7.TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheis________ananonymousstatisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.[A]everythingexcept[B]anythingbut[C]nolessthan(D)[D]nothingmorethan
8.Onedifficultyintranslationliesinobtainingaconceptmatch.________thisismeantthataconceptinonelanguageislostorchangedinmeaningintranslation.[A]By[B]In[C]For(A)[D]With
9.Conversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedto________ithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself.[A]as[B]which[C]that(C)[D]what
10.Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions________theyChristianIslamicBuddhistJewishandsoon.[A]be[B]being[C]were(A)[D]arePartBDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterintheracketswithapencil.10pointsExample:ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound________inthewoodsoffthehighway.[A]vanished[B]scattered[C]abandoned[D]rejectedThesentenceshouldread.“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthewoodsoffthehighway.”Thereforeyoushouldchoose[C].SampleAnswer[A][B][■][D]
11.Heistooyoungtobeableto________betweenrightandwrong.[A]discard[B]discern[C]disperse(B)[D]disregard
12.Itwasno________thathiscarwasseennearthebankatthetimeoftherobbery.[A]coincidence[B]convention[C]certainty(A)[D]complication
13.OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatallships________followtrafficrulesinbusyharbors.[A]cautiously[B]dutifully[C]faithfully(B)[D]skillfully
14.TheEskimoisperhapsoneofthemosttrustingandconsiderateofallIndiansbutseemstobe________thewelfareofhisanimals.[A]criticalabout[B]indignantat[C]indifferentto(C)[D]subjectto
15.Thechairmanoftheboard________onmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.[A]compelled[B]posed[C]pressed(C)[D]tempted
16.Itisnaivetoexpectthatanysocietycanresolveallthesocialproblemsitisfacedwith________.[A]forlong[B]inandout[C]onceforall(C)[D]bynature
17.Usingextremelydifferentdecoratingschemesinadjoiningroomsmayresultin________andlackofunityinstyle.[A]conflict[B]confrontation[C]disturbance(D)[D]disharmony
18.TheTimberrattlesnakeisnowontheendangeredspecieslistandisextinctintwoeasternstatesinwhichitonce________.[A]thrived[B]swelled[C]prospered(A)[D]flourished
19.Howevergrowthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasableto________someofthedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.[A]overturn[B]overtake[C]offset(C)[D]oppress
20.Becauseofitsintimacyradioisusuallymorethanjustamedium;itis________.[A]firm[B]company[C]corporation(B)[D]enterprise
21.Whenanynon-humanorganistransplantedintoapersonthebodyimmediatelyrecognizesitas________.[A]novel[B]remote[C]distant(D)[D]foreign
22.MyfavoriteradiosongistheoneIfirstheardonathick1923EdisondiscI________atagaragesale.[A]trifledwith[B]scrapedthrough[C]stumbledupon(C)[D]thirstedfor
23.Somedaysoftwarewilltranslatebothwrittenandspokenlanguagesowellthattheneedforanycommonsecondlanguagecould________.[A]descend[B]decline[C]deteriorate(B)[D]depress
24.Equipmentnot________officialsafetystandardshasallbeenremovedfromtheworkshop.[A]conformingto[B]consistentwith[C]predominantover(A)[D]providingfor
25.Asanindustrybiotechnologystandsto________electronicsindollarvolumeandperhapssurpassitinsocialimpactby
2020.[A]contend[B]contest[C]rival(C)[D]strive
26.TheauthorsoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionattemptedtoestablishaneffectivenationalgovernmentwhilepreserving________forthestatesandlibertyforindividuals.[A]autonomy[B]dignity[C]monopoly(A)[D]stability
27.ForthreequartersofitsspanonEarthlifeevolvedalmost________asmicroorganisms.[A]precisely[B]instantly[C]initially(D)[D]exclusively
28.Theintroductionofgunpowdergraduallymadethebowandarrow________particularlyinWesternEurope.[A]obscure[B]obsolete[C]optional(B)[D]overlapping
29.Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverseitisjust________andneedsproving.[A]spontaneous[B]hypothetical[C]intuitive(B)[D]empirical
30.Thefutureofthiscompanyis________:manyofitstalentedemployeesareflowingintomoreprofitablenet-basedbusinesses.[A]atodds[B]introuble[C]invain(D)[D]atstakeSectionIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10pointsThegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcasesthetrialofRosemaryWest.InasignificantoflegalcontrolsoverthepressLordIrvinetheLordChancellorwillintroduceabillthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnessesandwillstrictlycontroltheamountofthatcanbegiventoacaseatrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufmanchairmanoftheHouseofCommonsMediaSelectCommitteeLordIrvinesaidhewithacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnotsufficientcontrol.ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecausedaofmediaprotestwhenhesaidtheofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudgestoParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBillwhichtheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegallyinBritainlaiddownthateverybodywastoprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.“PressfreedomswillbeinsafehandsourBritishjudges”hesaid.WitnesspaymentsbecameanafterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin
1995.Upto19witnessesweretohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraisedwitnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourttoguiltyverdicts.
31.[A]asto[B]forinstance[C]inparticular(D)[D]suchas
32.[A]tightening[B]intensifying[C]focusing(A)[D]fastening
33.[A]sketch[B]rough[C]preliminary(D)[D]draft
34.[A]illogical[B]illegal[C]improbable(B)[D]improper
35.[A]publicity[B]penalty[C]popularity(A)[D]peculiarity
36.[A]since[B]if[C]before(C)[D]as
37.[A]sided[B]shared[C]complied(D)[D]agreed
38.[A]present[B]offer[C]manifest(B)[D]indicate
39.[A]Release[B]Publication[C]Printing(B)[D]Exposure
40.[A]storm[B]rage[C]flare(A)[D]flash
41.[A]translation[B]interpretation[C]exhibition(B)[D]demonstration
42.[A]betterthan[B]otherthan[C]ratherthan(C)[D]soonerthan
43.[A]changes[B]makes[C]sets(B)[D]turns
44.[A]binding[B]convincing[C]restraining(A)[D]sustaining
45.[A]authorized[B]credited[C]entitled(C)[D]qualified
46.[A]with[B]to[C]from(A)[D]by
47.[A]impact[B]incident[C]inference(D)[D]issue
48.[A]stated[B]remarked[C]said(C)[D]told
49.[A]what[B]when[C]which(D)[D]that
50.[A]assure[B]confide[C]ensure(C)[D]guaranteeSectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.40pointsText1Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunitsonemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Neverthelesstheword“amateur”doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityandinparticularmaynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecializationinthenineteenthcenturywithitsconsequentrequirementofalongermorecomplextrainingimpliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.ThetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytrainingandcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearchbutalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thusinthenineteenthcenturylocalgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;butinthetwentiethcenturylocalstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporateandreflectonthewidergeologicalpicture.Amateursontheotherhandhavecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateursaresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeingfirstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopmentseparatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocietieswhereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcenturyitsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerallyhoweverthenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.
51.Thegrowthofspecializationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas________.[A]sociologyandchemistry[B]physicsandpsychology[C]sociologyandpsychology(D)[D]physicsandchemistry
52.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.[A]thereislittledistinctionbetweenspecializationandprofessionalisation[B]amateurscancompetewithprofessionalsinsomeareasofscience[C]professionalstendtowelcomeamateursintothescientificcommunity(B)[D]amateurshavenationalacademicsocietiesbutnolocalones
53.Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate________.[A]theprocessofspecializationandprofessionalisation[B]thehardshipofamateursinscientificstudy[C]thechangeofpoliciesinscientificpublications(A)[D]thediscriminationofprofessionalsagainstamateurs
54.Thedirectreasonforspecializationis________.[A]thedevelopmentincommunication[B]thegrowthofprofessionalisation[C]theexpansionofscientificknowledge(C)[D]thesplittingupofacademicsocietiesText2Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfoinformationrichandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethenhoweverwerethenewpositiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmorecommercializeditisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterallthemorepeopleonlinethemorepotentialcustomersthereare.MoreandmoregovernmentsafraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehindwanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwoonetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.AsaresultInowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.OfcoursetheuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistoolsomeimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.CountriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructurethebasicstructuralfoundationsofasocietyintheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructureitdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure--includingroadsharborshighwaysportsandsoon--werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglishtheGermanstheDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.GuesswhoownsthemnowTheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructurewhichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructurethebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooledorlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet.
55.Digitaldivideissomething________.[A]gettingworsebecauseoftheInternet[B]therichcountriesareresponsiblefor[C]theworldmustguardagainst(C)[D]consideredpositivetoday
56.GovernmentsattachimportancetotheInternetbecauseit________.[A]offerseconomicpotentials[B]canbringforeignfunds[C]cansoonwipeoutworldpoverty(A)[D]connectspeopleallovertheworld
57.ThewritermentionedthecaseoftheUnitedStatestojustifythepolicyof________.[A]providingfinancialsupportoverseas[B]preventingforeigncapital’scontrol[C]buildingindustrialinfrastructure(D)[D]acceptingforeigninvestment
58.Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.[A]howwell-developeditiselectronically[B]whetheritisprejudicedagainstimmigrants[C]whetheritadoptsAmerica’sindustrialpattern(A)[D]howmuchcontrolithasoverforeigncorporationsText3WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapersTheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.Sadtosaythisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakescombinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplatespatternsintowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwordsthereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaderswhichhelpsexplainwhythe“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurveyquestionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountryplusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskedthesamequestions.RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericansjournalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoodshavemaidsownMercedesesandtradestocksandthey’relesslikelytogotochurchdovolunteerworkorputdownrootsinacommunity.Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelitesotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustryparticularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdiditwouldopenupitsdiversityprogramnowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgenderandlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlookvalueseducationandclass.
59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout[A]needsofthereadersallovertheworld[B]causesofthepublicdisappointmentaboutnewspapers[C]originsofthedecliningnewspaperindustry(B)[D]aimsofajournalismcredibilityproject
60.Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobe________.[A]quitetrustworthy[B]somewhatcontradictory[C]veryilluminating(D)[D]rathersuperficial
61.Thebasicproblemofjournalistsaspointedoutbythewriterliesintheir________.[A]workingattitude[B]conventionallifestyle[C]worldoutlook(C)[D]educationalbackground
62.Despiteitseffortsthenewspaperindustrystillcannotsatisfythereadersowingtoits________.[A]failuretorealizeitsrealproblem[B]tendencytohireannoyingreporters[C]likelinesstodoinaccuratereporting(A)[D]prejudiceinmattersofraceandgenderText4Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:“Won’tthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoanuncontrollableanti-competitiveforce”There’snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcorporationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein
1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25%andgrowingrapidly.Internationalaffiliatesaccountforafast-growingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthatopenupandwelcomeforeigninvestment.InArgentinaforinstanceafterthereformsoftheearly1990smultinationalswentfrom43%toalmost70%oftheindustrialproductionofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernsovertheroleofsmallereconomicfirmsofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabilityoftheworldeconomy.IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveMAwavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcostslowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomer’sdemands.Allthesearebeneficialnotdetrimentaltoconsumers.Asproductivitygrowstheworld’swealthincreases.Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.Yetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldre-createthesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheU.S.whentheStandardOilTrustwasbrokenup.ThemergersoftelecomcompaniessuchasWorldComhardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrarythepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incarstooconcentrationisincreasing--witnessDaimlerandChryslerRenaultandNissan--butitdoesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.AfewweeksagoAlanGreenspanwarnedagainstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry.WhoisgoingtosuperviseregulateandoperateaslenderoflastresortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreatedWon’tmultinationalsshiftproductionfromoneplacetoanotherwhenanationgetstoostrictaboutinfringementstofaircompetitionAndshouldonecountrytakeuponitselftheroleof“defendingcompetition”onissuesthataffectmanyothernationsasintheU.S.vs.Microsoftcase
63.Whatisthetypicaltrendofbusinessestoday[A]totakeinmoreforeignfunds[B]toinvestmoreabroad[C]tocombineandbecomebigger(C)[D]totradewithmorecountries
64.AccordingtotheauthoroneofthedrivingforcesbehindMAwaveis________.[A]thegreatercustomerdemands[B]asurplussupplyforthemarket[C]agrowingproductivity(A)[D]theincreaseoftheworld’swealth
65.FromParagraph4wecaninferthat________.[A]theincreasingconcentrationiscertaintohurtconsumers[B]WorldComservesasagoodexampleofbothbenefitsandcosts[C]thecostsoftheglobalizationprocessareenormous(D)[D]theStandardOilTrustmighthavethreatenedcompetition
66.Towardthenewbusinesswavethewriter’sattitudecanbesaidtobe________.[A]optimistic[B]objective[C]pessimistic(B)[D]biasedText5WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinternationaltrend.AlateralmovethathurtmyprideandblockedmyprofessionalprogresspromptedmetoabandonmyrelativelyhighprofilecareeralthoughinthemannerofadisgracedgovernmentministerIcoveredmyexitbyclaiming“Iwantedtospendmoretimewithmyfamily”.Curiouslysometwo-and-a-halfyearsandtwonovelslatermyexperimentinwhattheAmericansterm“downshifting”hasturnedmytiredexcuseintoanabsolutereality.Ihavebeentransformedfromapassionateadvocateofthephilosophyof“havingitall”preachedbyLindaKelseyforthepastsevenyearsinthepageofShemagazineintoawomanwhoishappytosettleforabitofeverything.IhavediscoveredasperhapsKelseywillafterhermuch-publicizedresignationfromtheeditorshipofSheafterabuild-upofstressthatabandoningthedoctrineof“jugglingyourlife”andmakingthealternativemoveinto“downshifting”bringswithitfargreaterrewardsthanfinancialsuccessandsocialstatus.NothingcouldpersuademetoreturntothekindoflifeKelseyusedtoadvocateandIonceenjoyed:12-hourworkingdayspressureddeadlinesthefearfulstrainofofficepoliticsandthelimitationsofbeingaparenton“qualitytime”.InAmericathemoveawayfromjugglingtoasimplerlessmaterialisticlifestyleisawell-establishedtrend.Downshifting--alsoknowninAmericaas“voluntarysimplicity”--hasironicallyevenbredanewareaofwhatmightbetermedanti-consumerism.Thereareanumberofbest-sellingdownshiftingself-helpbooksforpeoplewhowanttosimplifytheirlives;therearenewsletterssuchasTheTightwadGazettethatgivehundredsofthousandsofAmericansusefultipsonanythingfromrecyclingtheircling-filmtomakingtheirownsoap;thereareevensupportgroupsforthosewhowanttoachievethemid-’90sequivalentofdroppingout.WhileinAmericathetrendstartedasareactiontotheeconomicdecline--afterthemassredundanciescausedbydownsizinginthelate’80s--andisstilllinkedtothepoliticsofthriftinBritainatleastamongthemiddle-classdownshiftersofmyacquaintancewehavedifferentreasonsforseekingtosimplifyourlives.Forthewomenofmygenerationwhowereurgedtokeepjugglingthroughthe’80sdownshiftinginthemid-’90sisnotsomuchasearchforthemythicalgoodlife--growingyourownorganicvegetablesandriskingturningintoone--asapersonalrecognitionofyourlimitations.
67.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph1[A]Full-timeemploymentisanewinternationaltrend.[B]Thewriterwascompelledbycircumstancestoleaveherjob.[C]“Alateralmove”meanssteppingoutoffull-timeemployment.(B)[D]Thewriterwasonlytooeagertospendmoretimewithherfamily.
68.Thewriter’sexperimentshowsthatdownshifting________.[A]enableshertorealizeherdream[B]helpshermoldanewphilosophyoflife[C]promptshertoabandonherhighsocialstatus(B)[D]leadshertoacceptthedoctrineofShemagazine
69.“Jugglingone’slife”probablymeanslivingalifecharacterizedby________.[A]non-materialisticlifestyle[B]abitofeverything[C]extremestress(C)[D]anti-consumerism
70.AccordingtothepassagedownshiftingemergedintheU.S.asaresultof________.[A]thequickpaceofmodernlife[B]man’sadventurousspirit[C]man’ssearchformythicalexperiences(D)[D]theeconomicsituationSectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.15pointsInlessthan30years’timetheStarTrekholodeckwillbeareality.Directlinksbetweenthebrain’snervoussystemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensoryvirtualenvironmentsallowingvirtualvacationslikethoseinthefilmTotalRecall.71Therewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobotsandcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.72Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychipscomputerswithin-builtpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantoolsrelaxationwillbeinfrontofsmell-televisionanddigitalagewillhavearrived.AccordingtoBT’sfuturologistIanPearsontheseareamongthedevelopmentsscheduledforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillenniumaperiodof1000yearswhensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressinallareasoflife.73Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicineincludinganextendedlifeexpectancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand
2040.Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.“BylinkingdirectlytoournervoussystemcomputerscouldpickupwhatwefeelandhopefullysimulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironmentsratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck”hesays.74ButthatPearsonpointsoutisonlythestartofman-machineintegration:“Itwillbethebeginningofthelongprocessofintegrationthatwillultimatelyleadtoafullyelectronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentury.”ThroughhisresearchPearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughsthatcanbepredicted.Howevertherearestillnoforecastsforwhenfaster-than-lighttravelwillbeavailableorwhenhumancloningwillbeperfectedorwhentimetravelwillbepossible.Buthedoesexpectsocialproblemsasaresultoftechnologicaladvances.Aboominneighborhoodsurveillancecameraswillforexamplecauseproblemsin2010whilethearrivalofsyntheticlifelikerobotswillmeanpeoplemaynotbeabletodistinguishbetweentheirhumanfriendsandthedroids.75Andhomeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthebreakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder--kitchenrage.SectionVWriting
76.Directions:Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankindloveisprobablythenoblestbuteveryonehashis/herownunderstandingofit.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto1showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow2giveaspecificexampleand3giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshowlove.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsonANSWERSHEET
2.20points2001年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary15pointsPartA5points
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71.届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污超标违规,监控器就会使其停驶
72.儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视机前休闲,届时数字体时代就来到了
73.皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果,编制了一个独特的新技术千年历,它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期
74.但皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人”
75.家用电器将会变得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病--厨房狂躁SectionV:Writing20points
76.参考范文Thispictureisasymbolthattellsushowweshoulduseourlove:ourloveislikealamp;thedarkertheplacethebrighterthelight.Indeedloveismostpreciouswhenitisofferedtosomeonewhoisindifficulty.Icantellyouarealstoryhere.WhenIwasachildmyfamilymovedtothecountryside.Amongournewneighborswasaparalyzedwoman.AsaninnocentchildIsomehowshowedsomeinterestinher.WhenIhadtimeIwouldtoseeher.WhenIhadsomethingtoeatIwouldlethersharewithme.Onedayshesuddenlysaidtometearinhereyes“IwillblessyouwhenIaminheaven.”IknewmyloveforherhadworkedwondersforIhadneverheardherspeakingandIthoughtshehadlostherabilitytospeak.HerblessingmayhavereallyworkedforIhavebeenaluckypersoninworkandinlife.AsfarasIunderstandloveissympathyandsinceritythatneedsnotbeexpressedintermsofmoneyorsweetwords.Astheproverbgoes“ahandmaysmellfragrantwhenitgivesrosestoothers.”Ibelieveloveisthemostpreciousthingintheworldandweshouldgiveittothosewhoneeditmost.2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.5pointsExample:IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimes________
1979.[A]from[B]after[C]for[D]sinceThesentenceshouldread“IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimessince
1979.”Thereforeyoushouldchoose[D]SampleAnswer[A][B][C][■]
1.AsI’llbeawayforatleastayearI’dappreciate________fromyounowandthentellingmehoweveryoneisgettingalong.[A]hearing[B]tohear[C]tobehearing(A)[D]havingheard
2.GreatlyagitatedIrushedtotheapartmentandtriedthedoor________tofinditlocked.[A]just[B]only[C]hence(B)[D]thus
3.Doctorsseeaconnectionbetweenincreaseamountsofleisuretimespent________andtheincreasednumberofcasesofskincancer.[A]tosunbathe[B]tohavesunbathed[C]havingsunbathed(D)[D]sunbathing
4.Unlessyousignacontractwiththeinsurancecompanyforyourgoodsyouarenotentitled________arepaymentforthegoodsdamagedindelivery.[A]to[B]with[C]for(A)[D]on
5.OnarainydayIwasdrivingnorththroughVermont________Inoticedayoungmanholdingupasignreading“Boston”.[A]which[B]where[C]when(C)[D]that
6.Christiestaredangrilyatherbossandturnedawayasthough________outoftheoffice.[A]went[B]gone[C]togo(C)[D]wouldgo
7.Therolesexpected________oldpeopleinsuchasettinggivetoofewpsychologicalsatisfactionsfornormalhappiness.[A]of[B]on[C]to(A)[D]with
8.Talktoanyoneinthedrugindustry________you’llsoondiscoverthatthescienceofgeneticsisthebiggestthingtohitdrugresearchsincepenicillinwasdiscovered.[A]or[B]and[C]for(B)[D]so
9.Itwasn’tsomuchthatIdislikedher________thatIjustwasn’tinterestedinthewholebusiness.[A]rather[B]so[C]than(D)[D]as
10.Countlessdivorcedpoliticianswouldhavebeenelectedoutofofficeyearsagohadtheyeventhoughtofadivorceletalone________one.[A]getting[B]toget[C]gotten(C)[D]getPartBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.5pointsExample:Anumberof[A]foreignvisitorsweretaken[B]totheindustrialexhibitionwhich[C]theysaw[D]manynewproducts.Answer[C]iswrong.Thesentenceshouldread“Anumberofforeignvisitorsweretakentotheindustrialexhibitionwheretheysawmanynewproducts.”Soyoushouldchoose[C].SampleAnswer[A][B][■][D]
11.onaremoteislandlittleworkthemthesoldierssufferedfromboredomandlow.(A)
12.Iftheletteronthewritingtableanhouragoitcertaintherenow.(D)
13.Thepartycouldevenlosemajorityinthelowerhouseofparliamentaperiodof.(C)
14.Themechanismsworkinthetendencyforsuchphysicalactivityutilizetheharmfulconstituentsofthestressresponse.(D)
15.thelongrunhoweverthishurryfull-timestaffmaybeharmfultoindustryasitistheworkforce.(C)
16.Seetothatyouincludetheexaminationpaperquestionstheydidn’tknowlasttime.(D)
17.Mostnewspapersthemajorpartofspacetorecenteventsusuallymanagetofindontheinsidepagesforarticlessomeinterestingtopics.(B)
18.Onesignyouaremakingprogressinansuchaspaintingorphotographyisyoubegintorealizehowmuchtolearn.(A)
19.Theideallistenerstaysboththemusicatthemomentitisplayedanditalmostthecomposeratthemomenthe.(B)
20.exposuretostresshasbeenlinkedtofunctioningoftheimmunesystemapersonmoreliableinfection.(D)PartCDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10pointsExample:ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound________inthewoodsoffthehighway.[A]vanished[B]scattered[C]abandoned[D]rejectedThesentenceshouldread“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthewoodsoffthehighway.”Thereforeyoushouldchoose[C].SampleAnswer[A][B][■][D]
21.Hespokeso________thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.[A]bluntly[B]convincingly[C]emphatically(B)[D]determinedly
22.France’s________ofnucleartestingintheSouthPacificlastmonthtriggeredpoliticaldebatesandmassdemonstrations.[A]assumption[B]consumption[C]presumption(D)[D]resumption
23.The215-pagemanuscriptcirculatedtopublisherslastOctober________anoutburstofinterest.[A]flared[B]glittered[C]sparked(C)[D]flashed
24.HiseffortstobringaboutareconciliationbetweenthetwoParties________.[A]cameoff[B]cameon[C]cameround(A)[D]camedown
25.Thesystemwasredesignedtoembracethenetworkandeventually________itinaprofitabledirection.[A]adapt[B]control[C]install(D)[D]steer
26.Thecapitalintendedtobroadentheexportbaseand________efficiencygainsfrominternationaltradewaschanneledinsteadintouneconomicimportsubstitution.[A]secure[B]extend[C]defend(A)[D]possess
27.Itisannouncedthatawallethasbeenfoundandcanbe________atthemanager’soffice.[A]declared[B]obtained[C]reclaimed(C)[D]recognized
28.WhenI________mysensesIfoundmyselfwrappedupinbedinmylittleroomwithGrandmabendingoverme.[A]wokeup[B]tookto[C]pickedup(D)[D]cameto
29.TheAmericansocietyis________anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresourceswhichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.[A]establishedon[B]affiliatedto[C]originatedfrom(A)[D]incorporatedwith
30.Iamnot________withmyroommatebutIhavetosharetheroomwithherbecauseIhavenowhereelsetolive.[A]concerned[B]compatible[C]considerate(B)[D]complied
31.Atfirstthe________ofcolorpicturesoveralongdistanceseemedimpossiblebutwithpainstakingeffortsandatgreatexpenseitbecameareality.[A]transaction[B]transmission[C]transformation(B)[D]transition
32.Whenthecommittee________todetailstheproposedplanseemedimpractical.[A]gotdown[B]setabout[C]wentoff(A)[D]cameup
33.________tosomepartsofSouthAmericaisstilldifficultbecausepartsofthecontinentarestillcoveredwiththickforests.[A]Orientation[B]Access[C]Procession(B)[D]Voyage
34.Mr.Smithhadanunusual________:hewasfirstanofficeclerkthenasailorandendedupasaschoolteacher.[A]profession[B]occupation[C]position(D)[D]career
35.Themayorisawomanwithgreat________andthereforedeservesourpoliticalandfinancialsupport.[A]intention[B]instinct[C]integrity(C)[D]intensity
36.TheEnglishweatherdefiesforecastandhenceisasourceofinterest________toeveryone.[A]speculation[B]attribution[C]utilization(A)[D]proposition
37.Thefactthatthegoldeneagleusuallybuildsitsnestonsomehighcliffs________italmostimpossibletoobtaintheeggsortheyoungbirds.[A]renders[B]reckons[C]regards(A)[D]relates
38.Toimpressafutureemployeroneshoulddressneatlybe________anddisplayinterestinthejob.[A]swift[B]instant[C]timely(D)[D]punctual
39.Youdon’thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcarit’san________extra.[A]excessive[B]optional[C]additional(B)[D]arbitrary
40.Wewerepleasedtonotethattheearlymorningdeliverydidn’t________tothetrafficjamofthebusycity.[A]aid[B]amount[C]add(C)[D]attributeSectionIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10pointsIfafarmerwishestosucceedhemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrainconsumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamilyheproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowingasaninsurancetheunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinordertooldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizerstothesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigationandimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailableafarmercannotbe.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyorextrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalowofinterestbutloansofthiskindarenotobtainable.
41.[A]otherthan[B]aswellas[C]insteadof(C)[D]morethan
42.[A]onlyif[B]muchas[C]longbefore(A)[D]eversince
43.[A]for[B]against[C]of(B)[D]towards
44.[A]replace[B]purchase[C]supplement(A)[D]dispose
45.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed(C)[D]raise
46.[A]vessels[B]routes[C]paths(D)[D]channels
47.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied(B)[D]self-restrained
48.[A]search[B]save[C]offer(D)[D]seek
49.[A]proportion[B]percentage[C]rate(C)[D]ratio
50.[A]genuinely[B]obviously[C]presumably(D)[D]frequentlySectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.40pointsText1Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicapbutifproperlyhandleditmaybecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWarithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitorgivingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld’sbestitsworkersthemostskilled.AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.Justasinevitablytheretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustriessuchasconsumerelectronicshadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.By1987therewasonlyoneAmericantelevisionmakerleftZenith.Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea’sLGElectronicsinJuly.Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.ForawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductorswhichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputeragewasgoingtobethenextcasualty.Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailingandthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.Howthingshavechanged!In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructurehasgoneonadiethaslearnttobemorequick-witted”accordingtoRichardCavanaghexecutivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofGovernment.“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstituteathink-tankinWashingtonDC.AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackonthisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.”
51.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause________.[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors(C)[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy
52.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican________.[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions(D)[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket
53.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.[C]Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.(B)[D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.
54.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe________.[A]turningofthebusinesscycle[B]restructuringofindustry[C]improvedbusinessmanagement(A)[D]successineducationText2Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100femalesbutthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturityandamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.Nowboybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.Thismeansthatforthefirsttimetherewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.Moreimportantanotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.Fiftyyearsagothechanceofababyparticularlyaboybabysurvivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenesonemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalivebuthavefewerchildren.Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.Exceptinsomereligiouscommunitiesveryfewwomenhave15children.Nowadaysthenumberofbirthsliketheageofdeathhasbecomeaverage.Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.Againdifferencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.Thegrandmediocrityoftoday--everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring--meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.Forusthismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.Strangelyithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.Butinthepass100000years--eventhepass100years--ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.Wedidnotevolvebecausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksatashipasatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiaweweretheywilllookjustlikeus.
55.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph[A]Alackofmates.[B]Afiercecompetition.[C]Alowersurvivalrate.(C)[D]Adefectivegene.
56.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate[A]Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.[B]Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.[C]Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.(B)[D]Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.
57.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause________.[A]lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance[B]thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining[C]ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution(A)[D]thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing
58.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage[A]SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution[B]WaysofContinuingMan’sEvolution[C]TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature(D)[D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhereText3Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashionitisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingatforhoweverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtodayitispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.WithregardtoFuturistpoetryhoweverthecaseisratherdifficultforwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe--evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight--itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.ThisinbriefiswhattheFuturistsays;foracenturypastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedinguptillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.Consequentlyourfeelingsthoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.ThisspeedingupoflifesaystheFuturistrequiresanewformofexpression.Wemustspeedupourliteraturetooifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwordsunhamperedbystopsorqualifyingadjectivesorfiniteverbs.Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepageandshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver--andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.”ThisthoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetrycanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.Allthesamenothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged
59.Thispassageismainly________.[A]asurveyofnewapproachestoart[B]areviewofFuturistpoetry[C]aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement(B)[D]aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature
60.Whenanovelliteraryideaappearspeopleshouldtryto________.[A]determineitspurposes[B]ignoreitsflaws[C]followthenewfashions(A)[D]accepttheprinciples
61.Futuristsclaimthatwemust________.[A]increasetheproductionofliterature[B]usepoetrytorelievemodernstress[C]developnewmodesofexpression(C)[D]avoidusingadjectivesandverbs
62.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis________.[A]basedonreasonableprinciples[B]newandacceptabletoordinarypeople[C]indicativeofbasicchangeinhumannature(D)[D]moreofatransientphenomenonthanliteratureText4AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.TenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeingbutnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneedsandyoungpeopledon’tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteenagerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedinclimbingJapan’srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.Inarecentsurveyitwasfoundthatonly
24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollifecomparedwith
67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.InadditionfarmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.WhileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasicsJapaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.“Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores--personalityabilitycourageorhumanity--arecompletelyignored”saysToshikiKaifuchairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty’seducationcommittee.“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”LastyearJapanexperienced2125incidentsofschoolviolenceincluding929assaultsonteachers.Amidtheoutcrymanyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.LastyearMitsuoSetoyamawhowastheneducationministerraisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe“Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents.”ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.“InJapan”sayseducatorYokoMuro“it’sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlifebutonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.”Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan’s119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolatedtwo-generationhouseholds.UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutestravelstoandfromworkandcrowdedlivingconditionsbutastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweakenthediscomfortisbeginningtotell.InthepastdecadetheJapanesedivorceratewhilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStateshasincreasedbymorethan50percentandsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.
63.IntheWesterner’seyesthepostwarJapanwas________.[A]underaimlessdevelopment[B]apositiveexample[C]arivaltotheWest(B)[D]onthedecline
64.AccordingtotheauthorwhatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety[A]Women’sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.[B]Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.[C]Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.(D)[D]Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.
65.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder.[B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.[C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.(C)[D]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.
66.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat________.[A]theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife[B]thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S.[C]theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbefore(A)[D]theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlifeText5Ifambitionistobewellregardedtherewardsofambition--wealthdistinctioncontroloverone’sdestiny--mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitalityitmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmiredtheeducatednotleastamongthem.Inanoddwayhoweveritistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition--ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Thereisheavynoteofhypocrisyinthisacaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped--withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.SummerhomesEuropeantravelBMWs--thelocationsplacenamesandnamebrandsmaychangebutsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreamsaseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycouldlesttheybethoughtpushingacquisitiveandvulgar.Insteadwearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacleswhichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflifewhoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptionaltheproperformulationis“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressivewheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.AsaresultthesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulseaqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoungisprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanendthatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptingsbutonlythatnolongeropenlyhonoreditislessopenlyprofessed.Consequencesfollowfromthisofcoursesomeofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenundergroundormadesly.Suchthenisthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycriticsontherightstupidsupportersandinthemiddleasusualthemajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.
67.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif________.[A]itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices[B]itisrewardedwithmoneyfameandpower[C]itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial(A)[D]itissharedbytherichandthefamous
68.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis________.[A]customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords[B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal(C)[D]impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition
69.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause________.[A]theythinkofitasimmoral[B]theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth[C]ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits(D)[D]theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible
70.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained________.[A]secretlyandvigorously[B]openlyandenthusiastically[C]easilyandmomentarily(B)[D]verballyandspirituallySectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET
2.15pointsGovernmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.71Undermodernconditionsthisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.72Furthermoreitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustryandthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexampletheymayencourageresearchinvariouswaysincludingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducationorinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscienceeconomicsandindustry.Inanycaseallsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.73Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communicationspeopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideaswhilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametimethenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample74intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization--withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed--wasspreadovernearlyacenturywhereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.75Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements--themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactorsgovernmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.SectionVWriting
76.Directions:[A]Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150words.[B]YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.15points[C]Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:
1.Describethepictures.
2.Deducethepurposeofthedrawerinthepictures.
3.Suggestcounter-measures.2000年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary20pointsPartA5points
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71.在现代条件下,这需要程度不同的中央控制,从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助
72.再者,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力
73.大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求,不断接触到新的习俗和思想,由于上述原因,政府常常得推出更多的革新
74.在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中,其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革,持续了大约一个世纪之久,而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程
75.由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力SectionV:Writing15points
76.参考范文Thesetwopicturesdisplayasharpcontrast:therewerealotoffishwithonefishingboatintheseain1900whilethesituationwasjusttheoppositein
1995.Obviouslythefishingindustrywasfacingamajorproblemwithalltheoceanresourcesbeingexhaustedsoquickly.Thedrawerisnotexaggeratingorjokingaboutcommercialfishing.Onthecontraryheisseriouslywarningusthatourwayofthinkingandwaysofdoingthingsareunreasonableanddangerous.Ourresourcesarelimitedandourecosystemneedscarefulconsiderationandprotection.Ifweonlycareaboutthepresentwewillsufferinthefuture.It’sjustlikebuildingfriendshipandsavingmoney:themoreyouputintoitthemoreyoucanget;themoreyoutakeoutthelessitisleft.Measuresshouldbetakenifsuchdisappointingsituationistobeavoided.Isuggestthatgovernmentmakelawsandregulationstoguideandsupervisepeople’sfishingactivitypunishingthosewhoonlycareabouttheirowninterestandbringharmtoothersandtheenvironment.Ialsoappealtothepublicthatmoneyisnottheonlythingwecanpursueandfishisnottheonlyfoodwecaneat.Whetherforthebenefitofthehumanraceorfortheinterestofourownweshouldshowconcernforothersandmakeplansforthefuture.Onlyinthiswaycanwelivehappilyandaffluently.1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.5points
1.Anyonewithhalfaneyeontheunemploymentfiguresknewthattheassertionabouteconomicrecovery________justaroundthecornerwasuntrue.[A]wouldbe[B]tobe[C]was(D)[D]being
2.Smokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkills________peopleeachyearthanautomobileaccidents.[A]sevenmoretimes[B]seventimesmore[C]overseventimes(B)[D]seventimes
3.It’seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechanges________placeinourever-changingworld.[A]taking[B]totake[C]take(A)[D]taken
4.Thisisanexcitingareaofstudyandone________whichnewapplicationsarebeingdiscoveredalmostdaily.[A]from[B]by[C]in(C)[D]through
5.________canbeseenfromthecomparisonofthesefigurestheprincipleinvolvestheactiveparticipationofthepatientinthemodificationofhiscondition.[A]As[B]What[C]That(A)[D]It
6.AlthoughIhadbeeninvitedtotheopeningceremonyIwasunabletoattend________suchshortnotice.[A]to[B]in[C]with(D)[D]on
7.Californiahasmorelightthanitknows________todowithbuteverythingelseisexpensive.[A]how[B]what[C]which(B)[D]where
8.Thesolutionworksonlyforcoupleswhoareself-employeddon’thavesmallchildrenandgetalong________tospendmostoftheirtimetogether.[A]sowell[B]toowell[C]wellas(D)[D]wellenough
9.Marlinisayoungmanofindependentthinkingwhoisnotabout________complimentstohispoliticalleaders.[A]paying[B]havingpaid[C]topay(C)[D]tohavepaid
10.Theseproposalssoughttoplacegreaterrestrictionsontheuseandcopyingofdigitalinformationthan________intraditionalmedia.[A]exist[B]exists[C]existing(A)[D]toexistPartBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.5points
11.Yourmathinstructorhappytogiveyouamakeupexaminationandthatyourparentsillatthetime.([D]were)
12.Asthechildrenbecomeindependentthefamilytheemphasisfamilyfinancialsecuritywillshiftfromprotectionfortheretirementyears.([D]saving)
13.theTimesCo.topurchaseanothermajormediacompanythereisnodoubtthatitdramaticallytransformaenterprisethatstillgets90%ofrevenuesfromnewspapers.([C]family-run)
14.Symposiumtalkswillcoverofsubjectsover-fishingtophysicalandfactorsthataffecttheofdifferentspecies.([C]environmental)
15.Conversationcallsforwillingnesstoalternatetheroleofspeakerwithofanditcallsforoccasional‘digestivepauses’both.([B]that)
16.Iftwotheoriesareequaltheirabilitytoaccountabodyofdatathetheorythatwiththesmallernumberofassumptionsis.([A]in)
17.TheCommitteeadoptedaresolutionthesevenautomakersthemostcarsinthestate2percentofthosevehiclesby
1998.([C]tomake)
18.poorpeoplewhoingeneralarecoloredarericherpeoplewhoingeneralarethere’sgoingtobeaconstantracialconflictintheworld.([D]skinned)
19.Allthosemaysoundintheorybuteventhehasgreatdifficultyitcomestospecifics.([B]great)
20.automakersmodifycommerciallyproducedcarstorunalternativethecarswon’tcatchoninabigwaydriverscanfillthemupatthegasstation.([D]until)PartCDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10points
21.Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilityto________furtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.[A]stimulate[B]renovate[C]arouse(A)[D]advocate
22.Althougharchitecturehasartisticqualitiesitmustalsosatisfyanumberofimportantpractical________.[A]obligations[B]regulations[C]observations(D)[D]considerations
23.Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss________thebread-winner’sdeath.[A]atthecostof[B]onthevergeof[C]asaresultof(C)[D]forthesakeof
24.Ineducationthereshouldbeagood________amongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributetoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgment.[A]distribution[B]balance[C]combination(B)[D]assignment
25.TheAmericandreamismost________duringtheperiodsofproductivityandwealthgeneratedbyAmericancapitalism.[A]plausible[B]patriotic[C]primitive(A)[D]partial
26.Povertyisnot________inmostcitiesalthoughperhapsbecauseofthecrowdedconditionsincertainareasitismorevisiblethere.[A]rare[B]temporary[C]prevalent(C)[D]segmental
27.Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin________populatedareas.[A]densely[B]intensely[C]abundantly(A)[D]highly
28.Asawayof________themailswhiletheywereawaytheJohnsonsaskedthecleaningladytosendlittleprintedslipsaskingthesenderstowriteagainlater.[A]pickingup[B]copingwith[C]passingout(B)[D]gettingacross
29.Tom’smothertriedhardtopersuadehimto________fromhisintentiontoinvesthissavingsinstockmarket.[A]pullout[B]giveup[C]drawin(D)[D]backdown
30.Anincreasingproportionofourpopulationunabletolivewithoutadvancedmedical________willbecomeprogressivelymorereliantonexpensivetechnology.[A]interference[B]interruption[C]intervention(C)[D]interaction
31.Thesecausesproducedthegreatchangeinthecountrythatmodernizedthe________ofhighereducationfromthemid-1860’stothemid-1880’s.[A]branch[B]category[C]domain(C)[D]scope
32.Nobodyyetknowshowlongandhowseriouslythe________inthefinancialsystemwilldragdowntheeconomy.[A]shallowness[B]shakiness[C]scantiness(B)[D]stiffness
33.Crisiswouldbetherighttermtodescribethe________inmanyanimalspecies.[A]minimization[B]restriction[C]descent(D)[D]decline
34.Thecityisanimportantrailroad________andindustrialandconventioncenter.[A]conjunction[B]network[C]junction(C)[D]link
35.Prof.Whitemyrespectedtutorfrequentlyremindsmeto________myselfofeverychancetoimprovemyEnglish.[A]assure[B]inform[C]avail(C)[D]notify
36.Researchersdiscoveredthatplantsinfectedwithavirusgiveoffagasthat________diseaseresistanceinneighboringplants.[A]contracts[B]activates[C]maintains(B)[D]prescribes
37.Corporationsandlaborunionshave________greatbenefitsupontheiremployeesandmembersaswellasuponthegeneralpublic.[A]conferred[B]granted[C]flung(A)[D]submitted
38.Themovementofthemoonconvenientlyprovidedtheunitofmonthwhichwas________fromonenewmoontothenext.[A]measured[B]reckoned[C]judged(B)[D]assessed
39.Thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas________totheissueathand.[A]irrational[B]unreasonable[C]invalid(D)[D]irrelevant
40.Fuelscarcitiesandpriceincreases________automobiledesignerstoscaledownthelargestmodelsandtodevelopcompletelynewlinesofsmallcarsandtrucks.[A]persuaded[B]prompted[C]imposed(B)[D]enlightenedSectionIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10pointsIndustrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.Companieslowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprogramsworkhardtoorganizethemandcontinueworkingtokeepthemandactive.Whentheworkiswelldoneaofaccident-freeoperationsisestablishedtimelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.Successfulsafetyprogramsmaygreatlyintheemphasisplacedoncertainaspectsoftheprogram.Someplacegreatemphasisonmechanicalguarding.Othersstresssafeworkpracticesbyrulesorregulations.othersdependonanemotionalappealtotheworker.Buttherearecertainbasicideasthatmustbeusedineveryprogramifmaximumresultsaretobeobtained.Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstandpointalonesafety.Thefewertheinjurythebettertheworkman’sinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingatorataloss.
41.[A]at[B]in[C]on(D)[D]with
42.[A]alive[B]vivid[C]mobile(A)[D]diverse
43.[A]regulation[B]climate[C]circumstance(B)[D]requirement
44.[A]where[B]how[C]what(A)[D]unless
45.[A]alter[B]differ[C]shift(B)[D]distinguish
46.[A]constituting[B]aggravating[C]observing(C)[D]justifying
47.[A]Some[B]Many[C]Even(D)[D]Still
48.[A]comesoff[B]turnsup[C]paysoff(C)[D]holdsup
49.[A]claims[B]reports[C]declarations(A)[D]proclamations
50.[A]anadvantage[B]abenefit[C]aninterest(D)[D]aprofitSectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.40pointsText1It’saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckilyifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisasterasuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980swhenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers’misfortunes.Feelingthreatenedcompaniesrespondedbywritingever-longerwarninglabelstryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.Todaystepladderscarrylabelsseveralincheslongthatwarnamongotherthingsthatyoumight--surprise!--falloff.Thelabelonachild’sBatmancapecautionsthatthetoy“doesnotenableusertofly.”Whilewarningsareoftenappropriateandnecessary--thedangersofdruginteractionsforexample--andmanyarerequiredbystateorfederalregulationsitisn’tclearthattheyactuallyprotectthemanufacturersandsellersfromliabilityifacustomerisinjured.About50percentofthecompanieslosewheninjuredcustomerstakethemtocourt.Nowthetideappearstobeturning.Aspersonalinjuryclaimscontinueasbeforesomecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendantsespeciallyincaseswhereawarninglabelprobablywouldn’thavechangedanything.InMayJulieNimmonspresidentofSchuttSportsinIllinoissuccessfullyfoughtalawsuitinvolvingafootballplayerwhowasparalyzedinagamewhilewearingaSchutthelmet.“We’rereallysorryhehasbecomeparalyzedbuthelmetsaren’tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries”saysNimmons.Thejuryagreedthatthenatureofthegamenotthehelmetwasthereasonfortheathlete’sinjury.AtthesametimetheAmericanLawInstitute--agroupofjudgeslawyersandacademicswhoserecommendationscarrysubstantialweight--issuednewguidelinesfortortlawstatingthatcompaniesneednotwarncustomersofobviousdangersorbombardthemwithalengthylistofpossibleones.“Importantinformationcangetburiedinaseaoftrivialities”saysalawprofessoratCornelllawSchoolwhohelpeddraftthenewguidelines.Ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitswaytheinformationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnotasprotectionagainstlegalliability.
51.Whatwerethingslikein1980swhenaccidentshappened[A]Customersmightberelievedoftheirdisastersthroughlawsuits.[B]Injuredcustomerscouldexpectprotectionfromthelegalsystem.[C]Companieswouldavoidbeingsuedbyprovidingnewwarnings.(B)[D]Juriestendedtofindfaultwiththecompensationscompaniespromised.
52.Manufacturersasmentionedinthepassagetendto________.[A]satisfycustomersbywritinglongwarningsonproducts[B]becomehonestindescribingtheinadequaciesoftheirproducts[C]makethebestuseoflabelstoavoidlegalliability(C)[D]feelobligedtoviewcustomers’safetyastheirfirstconcern
53.ThecaseofSchutthelmetdemonstratedthat________.[A]someinjuryclaimswerenolongersupportedbylaw[B]helmetswerenotdesignedtopreventinjuries[C]productlabelswouldeventuallybediscarded(A)[D]somesportsgamesmightlosepopularitywithathletes
54.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheissueseemstobe________.[A]biased[B]indifferent[C]puzzling(D)[D]objectiveText2InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusinessmostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.MorerecentlyastheWebprovedtobemorethanafashioncompanieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey’relookingfor.NonethelessmanycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.“Businessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesupplier”sayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’sprivateintranet.AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.UntilrecentlyInternetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiesto“pull”customersintosites.Inthepastyearhoweversoftwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniesto“push”informationdirectlyouttoconsumerstransmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.MostnotablythePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers’computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany’sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsalesproductofferingsorotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.OncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvitedthedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That’saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists.ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyardsAmazon.comandotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivityhospitalityandsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefallwhichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge.
55.WelearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethatWebbusiness________.[A]hasbeenstrivingtoexpanditsmarket[B]intendedtofollowafancifulfashion[C]triedbutinvaintocontrolthemarket(A)[D]hasbeenboomingforoneyearorso
56.Speakingoftheonlinetechnologyavailableformarketingtheauthorimpliesthat________.[A]thetechnologyispopularwithmanyWebusers[B]businesseshavefaithinthereliabilityofonlinetransactions[C]thereisaradicalchangeinstrategy(C)[D]itisaccessiblelimitedlytoestablishedpartners
57.IntheviewofNetpurists________.[A]thereshouldbenomarketingmessagesinonlineculture[B]moneymakingshouldbegivenprioritytoontheWeb[C]theWebshouldbeabletofunctionasthetelevisionset(D)[D]thereshouldbenoonlinecommercialinformationwithoutrequests
58.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.[A]pushinginformationontheWebisessentialtoInternetcommerce[B]interactivityhospitalityandsecurityareimportanttoonlinecustomers[C]leadingcompaniesbegantotaketheonlineplungedecadesago(B)[D]settingupshopsinsiliconisindependentofthecostofcomputingpowerText3Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthisdistinction--indeedcontradiction--whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththecampaigntoputcomputersintheclassroom.Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisatechnicaleducationjustifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationisuniversallyrequiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplytoraiseeveryone’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.RatherwehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizenacharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappinessareaffectedbythingsoutsideofhimself.Butthiswasnotalwaysthecase;beforeitwaslegallyrequiredforallchildrentoattendschooluntilacertainageitwaswidelyacceptedthatsomewerejustnotequippedbynaturetopursuethiskindofeducation.Withoptimismcharacteristicofallindustrializedcountrieswecametoacceptthateveryoneisfittobeeducated.Computer-educationadvocatesforsakethisoptimisticnotionforapessimismthatbetraystheirotherwisecheeryoutlook.Bankingontheconfusionbetweeneducationalandvocationalreasonsforbringingcomputersintoschoolscomputeredadvocatesoftenemphasizethejobprospectsofgraduatesovertheireducationalachievement.Therearesomegoodargumentsforatechnicaleducationgiventherightkindofstudent.ManyEuropeanschoolsintroducetheconceptofprofessionaltrainingearlyoninordertomakesurechildrenareproperlyequippedfortheprofessionstheywanttojoin.Itishoweverpresumptuoustoinsistthattherewillonlybesomanyjobsforsomanyscientistssomanybusinessmensomanyaccountants.Besidesthisisunlikelytoproducetheneedednumberofeverykindofprofessionalinacountryaslargeasoursandwheretheeconomyisspreadoversomanystatesandinvolvessomanyinternationalcorporations.Butforasmallgroupofstudentsprofessionaltrainingmightbethewaytogosincewell-developedskillsallotherfactorsbeingequalcanbethedifferencebetweenhavingajobandnot.Ofcoursethebasicsofusinganycomputerthesedaysareverysimple.Itdoesnottakealifelongacquaintancetopickupvarioussoftwareprograms.Ifonewantedtobecomeacomputerengineerthatisofcourseanentirelydifferentstory.Basiccomputerskillstake--attheverylongest--acoupleofmonthstolearn.Inanycasebasiccomputerskillsareonlycomplementarytothehostofrealskillsthatarenecessarytobecominganykindofprofessional.Itshouldbeobservedofcoursethatnoschoolvocationalornotishelpedbyaconfusionoveritspurpose.
59.Theauthorthinksthepresentrushtoputcomputersintheclassroomis________.[A]far-reaching[B]dubiouslyoriented[C]self-contradictory(B)[D]radicallyreformatory
60.Thebeliefthateducationisindispensabletoallchildren________.[A]isindicativeofapessimismindisguise[B]cameintobeingalongwiththearrivalofcomputers[C]isdeeplyrootedinthemindsofcomputeredadvocates(D)[D]originatedfromtheoptimisticattitudeofindustrializedcountries
61.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheauthor’scountrytheEuropeanmodelofprofessionaltrainingis________.[A]dependentuponthestartingageofcandidates[B]worthtryinginvarioussocialsections[C]oflittlepracticalvalue(C)[D]attractivetoeverykindofprofessional
62.Accordingtotheauthorbasiccomputerskillsshouldbe________.[A]includedasanauxiliarycourseinschool[B]highlightedinacquisitionofprofessionalqualifications[C]masteredthroughalife-longcourse(A)[D]equallyemphasizedbyanyschoolvocationalorotherwiseText4WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealing3monthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheepPresidentClintonmovedswiftly.Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumansheorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperiment--althoughnoonehadproposedtodoso--andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Thatgroup--theNationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommissionNBAC--hasbeenworkingfeverishlytoputitswisdomonpaperandatameetingon17Maymembersagreedonanear-finaldraftoftheirrecommendations.NBACwillaskthatClinton’s90-daybanonfederalfundsforhumancloningbeextendedindefinitelyandpossiblythatitbemadelaw.ButNBACmembersareplanningtowordtherecommendationnarrowlytoavoidnewrestrictionsonresearchthatinvolvesthecloningofhumanDNAorcells--routineinmolecularbiology.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestionhoweverwhethertorecommendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.Inadraftprefacetotherecommendationsdiscussedatthe17MaymeetingShapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe“morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning.”Shapiroexplainedduringthemeetingthatthemoraldoubtstemsmainlyfromfearsabouttherisktothehealthofthechild.Thepaneltheninformallyacceptedseveralgeneralconclusionsalthoughsomedetailshavenotbeensettled.NBACplanstocallforacontinuedbanonfederalgovernmentfundingforanyattempttoclonebodycellnucleitocreateachild.Becausecurrentfederallawalreadyforbidstheuseoffederalfundstocreateembryostheearlieststageofhumanoffspringbeforebirthforresearchortoknowinglyendangeranembryo’slifeNBACwillremainsilentonembryoresearch.NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywillappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavoredanappealforsuchlegislationbutinaphoneinterviewhesaidthisissuewasstill“upintheair.”
63.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.[A]federalfundshavebeenusedinaprojecttoclonehumans[B]theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytothenewsofcloning[C]NBACwasauthorizedtocontrolthemisuseofcloningtechnique(B)[D]theWhiteHousehasgotthepanel’srecommendationsoncloning
64.Thepanelagreedonallofthefollowingexceptthat________.[A]thebanonfederalfundsforhumancloningshouldbemadealaw[B]thecloningofhumanDNAisnottobeputundermorecontrol[C]itiscriminaltouseprivatefundingforhumancloning(C)[D]itwouldbeagainstethicalvaluestocloneahumanbeing
65.NBACwillleavetheissueofembryoresearchundiscussedbecause________.[A]embryoresearchisjustacurrentdevelopmentofcloning[B]thehealthofthechildisnotthemainconcernofembryoresearch[C]anembryo’slifewillnotbeendangeredinembryoresearch(D)[D]theissueisexplicitlystatedandsettledinthelaw
66.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.[A]someNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcompletely[B]alawbanninghumancloningistobepassedinnotime[C]privatelyfundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBAC’sappeal(A)[D]theissueofhumancloningwillsoonbesettledText5Scienceinpracticedependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.WhatkepttheminplaceWhydidn’ttheyfalloutoftheskyThefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavensthemoonandtheplanets.HowmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetreeNewtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethingsyoudon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournalsbuthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.Intalkingtosomescientistsparticularlyyoungeronesyoumightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.I’veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrownedlookedatthegraphsandsaid“thedataarestillinconclusive.”“Weknowthat”themenfromthebudgetofficehavesaid“butwhatdoyouthinkIsitworthwhilegoingonWhatdoyouthinkwemightexpect”Thescientisthasbeenshockedathavingevenbeenaskedtospeculate.Whatthisamountstoofcourseisthatthescientisthasbecomethevictimofhisownwritings.Hehasputforwardunquestionedclaimssoconsistentlythathenotonlybelievesthemhimselfbuthasconvincedindustrialandbusinessmanagementthattheyaretrue.Ifexperimentsareplannedandcarriedoutaccordingtoplanasfaithfullyasthereportsinthesciencejournalsindicatethenitisperfectlylogicalformanagementtoexpectresearchtoproduceresultsmeasurableindollarsandcents.Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeepingoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.Norifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflectismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe“oddballs”amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho“workwellwiththeteam.”
67.TheauthorwantstoprovewiththeexampleofIsaacNewtonthat________.[A]inquiringmindsaremoreimportantthanscientificexperiments[B]scienceadvanceswhenfruitfulresearchesareconducted[C]scientistsseldomforgettheessentialnatureofresearch(A)[D]unpredictabilityweighslessthanpredictioninscientificresearch
68.Theauthorassertsthatscientists________.[A]shouldn’treplace“scientificmethod”withimaginativethought[B]shouldn’tneglecttospeculateonunpredictablethings[C]shouldwritemoreconcisereportsfortechnicaljournals(B)[D]shouldbeconfidentabouttheirresearchfindings
69.Itseemsthatsomeyoungscientists________.[A]haveakeeninterestinprediction[B]oftenspeculateonthefuture[C]thinkhighlyofcreativethinking(D)[D]stickto“scientificmethod”
70.Theauthorimpliesthattheresultsofscientificresearch________.[A]maynotbeasprofitableastheyareexpected[B]canbemeasuredindollarsandcents[C]relyonconformitytoastandardpattern(A)[D]aremostlyunderestimatedbymanagementSectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslateunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET
2.15points71Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistoriansmodernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.Caughtinthewebofitsowntimeandplaceeachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanewwhatissignificantforitinthepast.Inthissearchtheevidencefoundisalwaysincompleteandscattered;itisalsofrequentlypartialorpartisan.Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsarebutcontributionstoanunendingprocess.72Interestinhistoricalmethodshasarisenlessthroughexternalchallengetothevalidityofhistoryasanintellectualdisciplineandmorefrominternalquarrelsamonghistoriansthemselves.Whilehistoryoncerevereditsaffinitytoliteratureandphilosophytheemergingsocialsciencesseemedtoaffordgreateropportunitiesforaskingnewquestionsandprovidingrewardingapproachestoanunderstandingofthepast.Socialsciencemethodologieshadtobeadaptedtoadisciplinegovernedbytheprimacyofhistoricalsourcesratherthantheimperativesofthecontemporaryworld.73Duringthistransfertraditionalhistoricalmethodswereaugmentedbyadditionalmethodologiesdesignedtointerpretthenewformsofevidenceinthehistoricalstudy.Methodologyisatermthatremainsinherentlyambiguousinthehistoricalprofession.74Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.Historiansespeciallythosesoblindedbytheirresearchintereststhattheyhavebeenaccusedof“tunnelmethod”frequentlyfallvictimtothe“technicistfallacy.”Alsocommoninthenaturalsciencesthetechnicistfallacymistakenlyidentifiesthedisciplineasawholewithcertainpartsofitstechnicalimplementation.75Itappliesequallytotraditionalhistorianswhoviewhistoryasonlytheexternalandinternalcriticismofsourcesandtosocialsciencehistorianswhoequatetheiractivitywithspecifictechniques.SectionVWriting
76.Directions:[A]Studythefollowinggraphscarefullyandwriteanessayinatleast150words.[B]YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.15points[C]Youressayshouldcoverthesethreepoints:
1.effectofthecountry’sgrowinghumanpopulationonitswildlife
2.possiblereasonfortheeffect
3.yoursuggestionforwildlifeprotectionTHEUPSANDDOWNSOFPOPULATIONGROWTH1999年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary20pointsPartA5points
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69.[D]
70.[A]SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation15points
71.几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释
72.人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问
73.在这种转变中,历史学家研究历史时,那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法
74.所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念,还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段,人们对此意见不一
75.这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派;前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论,后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究SectionV:Writing15points
76.参考范文ThetwographstellussomethingaboutpopulationgrowthandwildlifeextinctionintheU.S.From1800theAmericanpopulationhasbeengrowingallthetime.Inthe100yearsfrom1600to1700thenumberofwildlifespeciesremainedalmoststablewiththenext200yearswitnessingagrowingtrendinwildlifeextinction.Itcanbeeasilyseenthatthemorethehumanbeingsthefewertheanimalspecies.Theremaybeseveralreasonsforthiseffect.Firstashumanpopulationexpandsmoreandmorewildanimalsarehuntedforfood.Secondduetoallkindsofpollutionandthedamageofecosystemcausedbymansomeanimalshavenowheretolive.Thirdsomeanimalsareofgreatmedicalvaluetheybecomethetargetsformakingmoney.Itistimewetooksomemeasurestostopthisdisturbingtrend.Ononehandgovernmentshouldpasssomelawsandregulationstopreventpeoplefromkillingmorewildanimalsandforbidfurtherdamagetoourenvironment.Ontheotherhandweshouldcultivatetheawarenessthatanimalsareourfriendsandtheirextinctionposesathreatratherthanbringsbenefitstous.Onlywhenhumanbeingsliveinharmonywithallkindsofanimalscanwereallybuildabeautifulandhealthyworld.1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.5pointsExample:IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimes________
1979.[A]from[B]after[C]for[D]sinceThesentenceshouldread“IhavebeentotheGreatWallthreetimessince
1979.”Thereforeyoushouldchoose[D].
1.IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime________thelastbus.[A]tohavecaught[B]tocatch[C]catching(B)[D]havingcaught
2.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhousepartywe________soformally.[A]needn’tdressup[B]didnotneedhavedressedup[C]didnotneeddressup(D)[D]needn’thavedressedup
3.IapologizeifI________youbutIassureyouitwasunintentional.[A]offend[B]hadoffended[C]shouldhaveoffended(B)[D]mighthaveoffended
4.AlthoughateenagerFredcouldresist________whattodoandwhatnottodo.[A]tobetold[B]havingbeentold[C]beingtold(C)[D]tohavebeentold
5.Greatereffortstoincreaseagriculturalproductionmustbemadeiffoodshortage________avoided.[A]istobe[B]canbe[C]willbe(A)[D]hasbeen
6.Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscoresandthisisespeciallytrue________itcomestoclassroomtests.[A]before[B]as[C]since(D)[D]when
7.Thereareover100nightschoolsinthecitymakingitpossibleforaprofessionaltobereeducatednomatter________hedoes.[A]how[B]where[C]what(C)[D]when
8.I’vekeptupafriendshipwithagirlwhomIwasatschool________twentyyearsago.[A]about[B]since[C]till(D)[D]with
9.Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety________insufficientlypopularwithallmembers.[A]beingconsidered[B]considering[C]tobeconsidered(A)[D]havingconsidered
10.________forthetimelyinvestmentfromthegeneralpublicourcompanywouldnotbesothrivingasitis.[A]Haditnotbeen[B]Wereitnot[C]Beitnot(A)[D]ShoulditnotbePartBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.5pointsExample:Anumberof[A]foreignvisitorsweretaken[B]totheindustrialexhibitionwhich[C]theysaw[D]manynewproducts.Part[C]iswrong.Thesentenceshouldread“Anumberofforeignvisitorsweretakentotheindustrialexhibitionwheretheysawmanynewproducts.”Soyoushouldchoose[C].
11.AccordingtoDarwinrandomchangesthatenhanceabilitynaturallyselectedandpassedongenerations.(B)
12.Neitherrainnorsnowthepostmanfromdeliveringourletterswelookforward.(D)
13.Iftheyacheckwetopaythoughitmuchtroubleforbothsides.(C)
14.robbedeconomicimportancethosestatesarelikelytocountforininternationalpoliticalterms.(B)
15.Themessageneitherthemarketnorthegovernmentiscapableofdealingwithallofuncontrollable.(C)
16.Thelogicofscientificdevelopmentisthatgroupsofmenworkingthesameprobleminlaboratoriesarelikelytoarriveatthesameansweratthesametime.(B)
17.YetnotalloftheseracesaretheEuropeanracessomemayevenhavefreshnessandvitalitythatcanrenewtheofmoreadvancedraces.(A)
18.morethan50000nuclearweaponsinthehandsofvariousnationstodayareampleeverycityintheworldseveraltimes.(C)
19.Theuniverseworksinawaysofarfromwhatcommonsenseallowwordsofanykindmustnecessarilybeinadequatetoexplain.(A)
20.Theintegrationofindependentstatesbroughtaboutbycreatingacentralorganizationovereconomictasks.(C)PartCDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10pointsExample:ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound________inthewoodsoffthehighway.[A]vanished[B]scattered[C]abandoned[D]rejectedThesentenceshouldread“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthewoodsoffthehighway.”Thereforeyoushouldchoose[C].
21.Themachineneedsacomplete________sinceithasbeeninuseforovertenyears.[A]amending[B]fitting[C]mending(C)[D]renovating
22.ThereweremanypeoplepresentandheappearedonlyforafewsecondssoIonlycaughta________ofhim.[A]glance[B]glimpse[C]look(B)[D]sight
23.Idon’tthinkit’swiseofyouto________yourgreaterknowledgeinfrontofthedirectorforitmayoffendhim.[A]showup[B]showout[C]showin(D)[D]showoff
24.Thereturnsintheshort________maybesmallbutoveranumberofyearstheinvestmentwillbewellrepaid.[A]interval[B]range[C]span(D)[D]term
25.Athoroughstudyofbiologyrequires________withthepropertiesoftreesandplantsandthehabitofbirdsandbeasts.[A]acquisition[B]discrimination[C]curiosity(D)[D]familiarity
26.Sheworkedhardathertaskbeforeshefeltsurethattheresultswould________herlongeffort.[A]justify[B]testify[C]rectify(A)[D]verify
27.I’mverygladtoknowthatmybosshasgenerouslyagreedto________mydebtinreturnforcertainservices.[A]takeaway[B]cutout[C]writeoff(C)[D]clearup
28.Somejournalistsoftenoverstatethesituationsothattheirnewsmaycreateagreat________.[A]explosion[B]sensation[C]exaggeration(B)[D]stimulation
29.AccordingtowhatyouhavejustsaidamItounderstandthathisnewpost________noresponsibilitywithitatall[A]shoulders[B]possesses[C]carries(C)[D]shares
30.Sometimesthestudentmaybeaskedtowriteabouthis________toacertainbookorarticlethathassomebearingonthesubjectbeingstudied.[A]comment[B]reaction[C]impression(B)[D]comprehension
31.Please________yourselffromsmokingandspittinginpublicplacessincethelawforbidsthem.[A]restrain[B]hinder[C]restrict(A)[D]prohibit
32.Withouttelephoneitwouldbeimpossibletocarryonthefunctionsof________everybusinessoperationinthewholecountry.[A]practically[B]preferably[C]precisely(A)[D]presumably
33.Preliminaryestimationputsthefigureataround$110billion________the$160billionthePresidentisstrugglingtogetthroughtheCongress.[A]inproportionto[B]inreplyto[C]inrelationto(D)[D]incontrastto
34.Heisplanninganothertourabroadyethispassportwill________attheendofthismonth.[A]expire[B]exceed[C]terminate(A)[D]cease
35.Alltheoff-shoreoilexplorerswereinhighspiritsastheyread________lettersfromtheirfamilies.[A]sentimental[B]affectionate[C]intimate(B)[D]sensitive
36.Severalinternationaleventsintheearly1990sseemlikelyto________oratleastweakenthetrendsthatemergedinthe1980s.[A]revolt[B]revolve[C]reverse(C)[D]revive
37.Iwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolvedsomychoicewasquite________.[A]arbitrary[B]rational[C]mechanical(A)[D]unpredictable
38.Thelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisedtofindthepriceofvegetablesnolonger________accordingtotheweather.[A]altered[B]converted[C]fluctuated(C)[D]modified
39.Thepursuitofleisureonthepartoftheemployeeswillcertainlynot________theirprospectofpromotion.[A]spur[B]further[C]induce(B)[D]reinforce
40.Inwhat________toalastminutestayofexecutionacouncilannouncedthatemergencyfundingwouldkeepalivetwoagingsatellites.[A]applies[B]accounts[C]attaches(D)[D]amountsSectionIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10pointsUntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.Theythatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingfortheman.Buttheyinsistedthatitsresultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryfortheoftheEnglishpopulation.contrasttheysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750whenEnglandwasstillaagriculturalcountryaperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.Thisviewisgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialistshistoryandeconomicshavetwothings:thattheperiodfrom1650to1750wasbygreatpovertyandthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.
41.[A]admitted[B]believed[C]claimed(A)[D]predicted
42.[A]plain[B]average[C]mean(B)[D]normal
43.[A]momentary[B]prompt[C]instant(D)[D]immediate
44.[A]bulk[B]host[C]gross(A)[D]magnitude
45.[A]On[B]With[C]For(D)[D]By
46.[A]broadly[B]thoroughly[C]generally(D)[D]completely
47.[A]however[B]meanwhile[C]therefore(A)[D]moreover
48.[A]at[B]in[C]about(B)[D]for
49.[A]manifested[B]approved[C]shown(C)[D]speculated
50.[A]noted[B]impressed[C]labeled(D)[D]markedSectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.40pointsText1Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind’slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinating.Buttobefascinatedisalsosometimestobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood.Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.Itdoesn’thelpthatbuildingabigpowerfuldamhasbecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.Egypt’sleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.Turkey’sbidforFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam.Butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.TheAswanDamforexamplestoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft--allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.Andyetthemythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.ThisweekintheheartofcivilizedEuropeSlovaksandHungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthetroopsintheircontentionoveradamontheDanube.Thehugecomplexwillprobablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.ButSlovakiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheCzechsandnowneedsadamtoproveitself.MeanwhileinIndiatheWorldBankhasgiventhego-aheadtotheevenmorewrong-headedNarmadaDam.Andthebankhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipforthepowerlessandenvironmentaldestruction.Thebenefitsareforthepowerfulbuttheyarefarfromguaranteed.Properscientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts.Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.Butwhenyouaredealingwithmythsitishardtobeeitherproperorscientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdon’tneedadamtobesaved.
51.ThethirdsentenceofParagraph1impliesthat________.[A]peoplewouldbehappyiftheyshuttheireyestoreality[B]theblindcouldbehappierthanthesighted[C]over-excitedpeopletendtoneglectvitalthings(C)[D]fascinationmakespeoplelosetheireyesight
52.InParagraph5“thepowerless”probablyrefersto________.[A]areasshortofelectricity[B]damswithoutpowerstations[C]poorcountriesaroundIndia(D)[D]commonpeopleintheNarmadaDamarea
53.Whatisthemythconcerninggiantdams[A]Theybringinmorefertilesoil.[B]Theyhelpdefendthecountry.[C]Theystrengtheninternationalties.(D)[D]Theyhaveuniversalcontrolofthewaters.
54.Whattheauthortriestosuggestmaybestbeinterpretedas________.[A]“It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk”[B]“Morehastelessspeed”[C]“Lookbeforeyouleap”(C)[D]“Hewholaughslastlaughsbest”Text2Wellnogainwithoutpaintheysay.ButwhataboutpainwithoutgainEverywhereyougoinAmericayouheartalesofcorporaterevival.Whatishardertoestablishiswhethertheproductivityrevolutionthatbusinessmenassumetheyarepresidingoverisforreal.Theofficialstatisticsaremildlydiscouraging.Theyshowthatifyoulumpmanufacturingandservicestogetherproductivityhasgrownonaverageby
1.2%since
1987.Thatissomewhatfasterthantheaverageduringthepreviousdecade.Andsince1991productivityhasincreasedbyabout2%ayearwhichismorethantwicethe1978-87average.Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabusinesscycleandsoisnotconclusiveevidenceofarevivalintheunderlyingtrend.ThereisasRobertRubinthetreasurysecretarysaysa“disjunction”betweenthemassofbusinessanecdotethatpointstoaleapinproductivityandthepicturereflectedbythestatistics.Someofthiscanbeeasilyexplained.Newwaysoforganizingtheworkplace--allthatre-engineeringanddownsizing--areonlyonecontributiontotheoverallproductivityofaneconomywhichisdrivenbymanyotherfactorssuchasjointinvestmentinequipmentandmachinerynewtechnologyandinvestmentineducationandtraining.Moreovermostofthechangesthatcompaniesmakeareintendedtokeepthemprofitableandthisneednotalwaysmeanincreasingproductivity:switchingtonewmarketsorimprovingqualitycanmatterjustasmuch.Twootherexplanationsaremorespeculative.Firstsomeofthebusinessrestructuringofrecentyearsmayhavebeenineptlydone.Secondevenifitwaswelldoneitmayhavespreadmuchlesswidelythanpeoplesuppose.LeonardSchlesingeraHarvardacademicandformerchiefexecutiveofAuBongPainarapidlygrowingchainofbakerycafessaysthatmuch“re-engineering”hasbeencrude.Inmanycaseshebelievesthelossofrevenuehasbeengreaterthanthereductionsincost.HiscolleagueMichaelBeersaysthatfartoomanycompanieshaveappliedre-engineeringinamechanisticfashionchoppingoutcostswithoutgivingsufficientthoughttolong-termprofitability.BBDO’sAlRosenshineisblunter.Hedismissesalotoftheworkofre-engineeringconsultantsasmererubbish--“theworstsortofambulancechasing.”
55.AccordingtotheauthortheAmericaneconomicsituationis________.[A]notasgoodasitseems[B]atitsturningpoint[C]muchbetterthanitseems(A)[D]neartocompleterecovery
56.Theofficialstatisticsonproductivitygrowth________.[A]excludetheusualreboundinabusinesscycle[B]fallshortofbusinessmen’santicipation[C]meettheexpectationofbusinesspeople(B)[D]failtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy
57.Theauthorraisesthequestion“whataboutpainwithoutgain”because________.[A]hequestionsthetruthof“nogainwithoutpain”[B]hedoesnotthinktheproductivityrevolutionworks[C]hewondersiftheofficialstatisticsaremisleading(B)[D]hehasconclusiveevidencefortherevivalofbusinesses
58.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthepassage[A]Radicalreformsareessentialfortheincreaseofproductivity.[B]Newwaysoforganizingworkplacesmayhelptoincreaseproductivity.[C]Thereductionofcostsisnotasurewaytogainlong-termprofitability.(A)[D]Theconsultantsareabunchofgood-for-nothings.Text3Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo’s17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshasifanythingdeepenedinthiscentury.Untilrecentlythescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics--butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclinedscientistshaveattacked“anti-science”inseveralbooksnotablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.GrossabiologistattheUniversityofVirginiaandNormanLevittamathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason”heldinNewYorkCityin1995and“ScienceintheAgeofMisinformation”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.Anti-scienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologistsphilosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghostscreationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheanti-sciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswellfromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomberwhosemanifestopublishedin1995scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareanti-scienceasanessayinUSNewsWorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.Theenvironmentalistsinevitablyrespondtosuchcritics.ThetrueenemiesofsciencearguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversityapioneerofenvironmentalstudiesarethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarmingthedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.Indeedsomeobserversfearthattheanti-scienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘anti-science’canlumptogethertoomanyquitedifferentthings”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.”
59.Theword“schism”Line4Paragraph1inthecontextprobablymeans________.[A]confrontation[B]dissatisfaction[C]separation(C)[D]contempt
60.Paragraphs2and3arewrittento________.[A]discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower[B]showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists[C]explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops(D)[D]exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities
61.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage[A]Environmentalistswereblamedforanti-scienceinanessay.[B]Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofanti-science.[C]The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasanti-science.(A)[D]Taggingenvironmentalistsas“anti-science”isjustifiable.
62.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.anti-science”is________.[A]impartial[B]subjective[C]biased(A)[D]puzzlingText4Emergingfromthe1980censusisthepictureofanationdevelopingmoreandmoreregionalcompetitionaspopulationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearstandstill.Thisdevelopment--anditsstrongimplicationsforUSpoliticsandeconomyinyearsahead--hasenthronedtheSouthasAmerica’smostdenselypopulatedregionforthefirsttimeinthehistoryofthenation’sheadcounting.AltogethertheUSpopulationroseinthe1970sby
23.2millionpeople--numericallythethird-largestgrowtheverrecordedinasingledecade.Evensothatgainaddsuptoonly
11.4percentlowestinAmericanannualrecordsexceptfortheDepressionyears.AmericanshavebeenmigratingsouthandwestinlargernumberssinceWorldWarIIandthepatternstillprevails.Threesun-beltstates--FloridaTexasandCalifornia--togetherhadnearly10millionmorepeoplein1980thanadecadeearlier.AmonglargecitiesSanDiegomovedfrom14thto8thandSanAntoniofrom15thto10th--withClevelandandWashington.D.C.droppingoutofthetop
10.Notallthatshiftcanbeattributedtothemovementoutofthesnowbeltcensusofficialssay.Nonstopwavesofimmigrantsplayedaroletoo--andsodidbiggercropsofbabiesasyesterday’s“babyboom”generationreacheditschild-bearingyears.Moreoverdemographersseethecontinuingshiftsouthandwestasjoinedbyarelatedbutnewerphenomenon:MoreandmoreAmericansapparentlyarelookingnotjustforplaceswithmorejobsbutwithfewerpeopletoo.Someinstances—■RegionallytheRockyMountainstatesreportedthemostrapidgrowthrate--
37.1percentsince1970inavastareawithonly5percentoftheUSpopulation.■AmongstatesNevadaandArizonagrewfastestofall:
63.5and
53.1percentrespectively.ExceptforFloridaandTexasthetop10inrateofgrowthiscomposedofWesternstateswith
7.5millionpeople--about9persquaremile.Theflightfromovercrowdednessaffectsthemigrationfromsnowbelttomorebearableclimates.Nowheredo1980censusstatisticsdramatizemoretheAmericansearchforspaciouslivingthanintheFarWest.ThereCaliforniaadded
3.7milliontoitspopulationinthe1970smorethananyotherstate.InthatdecadehoweverlargenumbersalsomigratedfromCaliforniamostlytootherpartsoftheWest.Oftentheychose--andstillarechoosing--somewhatcolderclimatessuchasOregonIdahoandAlaskainordertoescapesmogcrimeandotherplaguesofurbanizationintheGoldenState.AsaresultCalifornia’sgrowthratedroppedduringthe1970sto
18.5percent--littlemorethantwothirdsthe1960s’growthfigureandconsiderablybelowthatofotherWesternstates.
63.Discernedfromtheperplexingpictureofpopulationgrowththe1980censusprovidedAmericain1970s________.[A]enjoyedthelowestnetgrowthofpopulationinhistory[B]witnessedasouthwesternshiftofpopulation[C]underwentanunparalleledperiodofpopulationgrowth(B)[D]broughttoastandstillitspatternofmigrationsinceWorldWarII
64.Thecensusdistinguisheditselffrompreviousstudiesonpopulationmovementinthat________.[A]itstressestheclimaticinfluenceonpopulationdistribution[B]ithighlightsthecontributionofcontinuouswavesofimmigrants[C]itrevealstheAmericans’newpursuitofspaciousliving(C)[D]itelaboratesthedelayedeffectsofyesterday’s“babyboom”
65.Wecanseefromtheavailablestatisticsthat________.[A]CaliforniawasoncethemostthinlypopulatedareainthewholeUS[B]thetop10statesingrowthrateofpopulationwerealllocatedintheWest[C]citieswithbetterclimatesbenefitedunanimouslyfrommigration(D)[D]Arizonarankedsecondofallstatesinitsgrowthrateofpopulation
66.Theword“demographers”Line1Paragraph8mostprobablymeans________.[A]peopleinfavorofthetrendofdemocracy[B]advocatesofmigrationbetweenstates[C]scientistsengagedinthestudyofpopulation(C)[D]conservativesclingingtooldpatternsoflifeText5Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivityknowntogeologistsashotspots.Unlikemostoftheworld’svolcanoestheyarenotalwaysfoundattheboundariesofthegreatdriftingplatesthatmakeuptheearth’ssurface;onthecontrarymanyofthemliedeepintheinteriorofaplate.Mostofthehotspotsmoveonlyslowlyandinsomecasesthemovementoftheplatespastthemhaslefttrailsofdeadvolcanoes.Thehotspotsandtheirvolcanictrailsaremilestonesthatmarkthepassageoftheplates.Thattheplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute.AfricaandSouthAmericaforexamplearemovingawayfromeachotherasnewmaterialisinjectedintotheseafloorbetweenthem.Thecomplementarycoastlinesandcertaingeologicalfeaturesthatseemtospantheoceanareremindersofwherethetwocontinentswereoncejoined.Therelativemotionoftheplatescarryingthesecontinentshasbeenconstructedindetailbutthemotionofoneplatewithrespecttoanothercannotreadilybetranslatedintomotionwithrespecttotheearth’sinterior.Itisnotpossibletodeterminewhetherbothcontinentsaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheronecontinentisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Hotspotsanchoredinthedeeperlayersoftheearthprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsneededtoresolvethequestion.Fromananalysisofthehot-spotpopulationitappearsthattheAfricanplateisstationaryandthatithasnotmovedduringthepast30millionyears.Thesignificanceofhotspotsisnotconfinedtotheirroleasaframeofreference.Itnowappearsthattheyalsohaveanimportantinfluenceonthegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecometorestoverahotspotthematerialrisingfromdeeperlayerscreatesabroaddome.Asthedomegrowsitdevelopsdeepfissurescracks;inatleastafewcasesthecontinentmaybreakentirelyalongsomeofthesefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thusjustasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentssohotspotsmayexplaintheirmutabilityinconstancy.
67.Theauthorbelievesthat________.[A]themotionoftheplatescorrespondstothatoftheearth’sinterior[B]thegeologicaltheoryaboutdriftingplateshasbeenprovedtobetrue[C]thehotspotsandtheplatesmoveslowlyinoppositedirections(B)[D]themovementofhotspotsprovesthecontinentsaremovingapart
68.ThatAfricaandSouthAmericawereoncejoinedcanbededucedfromthefactthat________.[A]thetwocontinentsarestillmovinginoppositedirections[B]theyhavebeenfoundtosharecertaingeologicalfeatures[C]theAfricanplatehasbeenstablefor30millionyears(B)[D]over100hotspotsarescatteredallaroundtheglobe
69.Thehotspottheorymayproveusefulinexplaining________.[A]thestructureoftheAfricanplates[B]therevivalofdeadvolcanoes[C]themobilityofthecontinents(D)[D]theformationofnewoceans
70.Thepassageismainlyabout________.[A]thefeaturesofvolcanicactivities[B]theimportanceofthetheoryaboutdriftingplates[C]thesignificanceofhotspotsingeophysicalstudies(C)[D]theprocessoftheformationofvolcanoesSectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET
2.15pointsTheywerebyfarthelargestandmostdistantobjectsthatscientistshadeverdetected:astripofenormouscosmiccloudssome15billionlight-yearsfromearth.71Butevenmoreimportantitwasthefarthestthatscientistshadbeenabletolookintothepastforwhattheywereseeingwerethepatternsandstructuresthatexisted15billionyearsago.Thatwasjustaboutthemomentthattheuniversewasborn.Whattheresearchersfoundwasatoncebothamazingandexpected:theUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration’sCosmicBackgroundExplorersatellite--Cobe--haddiscoveredlandmarkevidencethattheuniversedidinfactbeginwiththeprimevalexplosionthathasbecomeknownastheBigBangthetheorythattheuniverseoriginatedinanexplosionfromasinglemassofenergy.72TheexistenceofthegiantcloudswasvirtuallyrequiredfortheBigBangfirstputforwardinthe1920stomaintainitsreignasthedominantexplanationofthecosmos.Accordingtothetheorytheuniverseburstintobeingasasubmicroscopicunimaginablydenseknotofpureenergythatflewoutwardinalldirectionsemittingradiationasitwentcondensingintoparticlesandthenintoatomsofgas.Overbillionsofyearsthegaswascompressedbygravityintogalaxiesstarsplantsandeventuallyevenhumans.Cobeisdesignedtoseejustthebiggeststructuresbutastronomerswouldliketoseemuchsmallerhotspotsaswelltheseedsoflocalobjectslikeclustersandsuperclustersofgalaxies.Theyshouldn’thavelongtowait.73Astrophysicistsworkingwithground-baseddetectorsattheSouthPoleandballoon-borneinstrumentsareclosinginonsuchstructuresandmayreporttheirfindingssoon.74IfthesmallhotspotslookasexpectedthatwillbeatriumphforyetanotherscientificideaarefinementoftheBigBangcalledtheinflationaryuniversetheory.Inflationsaysthatveryearlyontheuniverseexpandedinsizebymorethanatrilliontrilliontrilliontrillionfoldinmuchlessthanasecondpropelledbyasortofantigravity.75Oddthoughitsoundscosmicinflationisascientificallyplausibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementaryparticlephysicsandmanyastrophysicistshavebeenconvincedforthebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.
71.________
72.________
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74.________
75.________SectionVWritingDirections:[A]Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan150words.[B]YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET
2.15points[C]Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:
1.Writeoutthemessagesconveyedbythecartoon.
2.Giveyourcomments.注图片上的文字是本母鸡承诺
①本鸡下蛋不见棱不见角
②保证有蛋皮,蛋黄和蛋清1998年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary20pointsPartA5points
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71.更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构
72.巨大的宇宙云的存在,实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所不可缺少的
73.天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器,正越来越近地观测这些云系,也许不久会报告他们的观测结果
74.假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致,那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利,这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论,亦称宇宙膨胀说
75.宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特,但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论许多天体物理学家
七、八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的SectionV:Writing15points
76.参考范文RecentlymoreandmorepeoplehaveseenvarietiesofpromiseseitherfromTVnewspaperorfromothermedia.Asisshowninthecartoonevenahenhaslearnedhowtopromise.Weallknowthathen’sdutyistolayeggswhichshouldundoubtedlyconsistofmostelementarypart.Butthehenpromiseswhatsheshoulddo!图画点题夹叙夹议Withthedevelopmentofthesocietyandtheimprovementofpeople’slivingstandardmoreandmoreattentionshouldbepaidtotheimprovementofqualityofservice.Thereforemanyenterprisesanddepartmentspromisetobettertheirservicessoastomeetthepeople’sneedbetter.Theyarealsopleasedtoinvitepeopletosupervisewhattheyhavedoneandwilldo.Butmuchtooursurprisesomeofthemjustsaysomethingthattheyshoulddo.Thesepromisesareonlylaughedatbypeople.解释配诗又有议论Inmyopiniondoingmoreisbetterthanpromisingmorebecausepeoplearewillingtobeservedreally.Allweshouldlaymoreemphasisonwhatwedoandhowwecanvirtuallyimprovethelevelofservice.Onlyinthiswaycanwemakepeoplesatisfiedwithwhatwedo.发表自己的观点评语内容切题包括图画的全部信息;清楚表达其内涵文字连贯;句式有变化句子结构和用词正确文章长度符合要求本作文得13分1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.5points
1.TheSocialSecurityRetirementProgramismadeupoftwotrustfunds________couldgopennilessbynextyear.[A]thelargerone[B]thelargerofwhich[C]thelargestone(B)[D]thelargestofwhich
2.Nowhereinnatureisaluminumfoundfreeowingtoitsalways________withotherelementsmostcommonlywithoxygen.[A]combined[B]havingcombined[C]combine(D)[D]beingcombined
3.Andrewmyfather’syoungerbrotherwillnotbeatthepicnic________tothefamily’sdisappointment.[A]much[B]more[C]toomuch(A)[D]muchmore
4.IwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossiblebutI________fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.[A]were[B]hadbeen[C]havebeen(D)[D]was
5.HelpwillcomefromtheUNbuttheaidwillbe________nearwhat’sneeded.[A]everywhere[B]somewhere[C]nowhere(C)[D]anywhere
6.Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn’tsomuchariseinbirthrates________afallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.[A]and[B]as[C]but(B)[D]or
7.Heclaimstobeanexpertinastronomybutinactualfactheisquiteignorantonthesubject.________heknowsaboutitisoutofdateandinaccurate.[A]Whatlittle[B]Somuch[C]Howmuch(A)[D]Solittle
8.Althoughwefeeldissatisfiedwiththeelectionresultswehavetobecomereconciled________thedecisionmadebyourfellowcountrymen.[A]for[B]on[C]to(C)[D]in
9.Justasthevalueofatelephonenetworkincreaseswitheachnewphone________tothesystemsodoesthevalueofacomputersystemincreasewitheachprogramthatturnsout.[A]adding[B]tohaveadded[C]toadd(D)[D]added
10.ThevocabularyandgrammaticaldifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglisharesotrivialandfewashardly________.[A]noticed[B]tobenoticed[C]beingnoticed(B)[D]tonoticePartBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.5pointsExample:foreignvisitorstotheindustrialexhibitiontheymanynewproducts.Part[C]iswrong.Thesentenceshouldread“Anumberofforeignvisitorsweretakentotheindustrialexhibitionwheretheysawmanynewproducts.”Soyoushouldchoose[C].
11.AlthoughProfessorGreen’slecturesusuallyrantheperiodofhisstudentsobjectedastheyfoundhislecturesbothinformativeandinteresting.(C)
12.EdisondieditwasproposedthattheAmericanpeopleintheirhomesstreetsandfactoriesforseveralminutesthisgreatman.(B)
13.Theythedamagetheysupposedhadbeendonebylaststorm.(B)
14.therecentaccidentsourparentsforbidmybrotherandmeintheriversomeoneagreesoverus.(B)
15.AteachersbelievethatEnglishisoneofthesubjectsinhighschools(C)
16.Inthiswaytheseinsectsshowanefficientuseoftheirabilitytwosoundsatahighrateasone(A)
17.IthoughtthetechnicianwasfortheofthefusebutIseenowImistaken.(C)
18.Forhimwhatisessentialisnotthathispolicythepublicbelievethatit(D)
19.Iamconcernedhispoliticsratherconservativewithother(D)
20.I’dsaywheneveryouaftersomethingthattoyouanyonewhoyouoftherighttohaveitis(B)PartCDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.10pointsExample:ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound________inthewoodsoffthehighway.[A]vanished[B]scattered[C]abandoned[D]rejectedThesentenceshouldread“ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfoundabandonedinthewoodsoffthehighway.”Thereforeyoushouldchoose[C].
21.Whenworkersareorganizedintradeunionsemployersfindithardtolaythem________.[A]off[B]aside[C]out(A)[D]down
22.Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured________thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.[A]inlinewith[B]intermsof[C]inregardwith(B)[D]bymeansof
23.HehasfailedmesomanytimesthatInolongerplaceany________onwhathepromises.[A]faith[B]belief[C]credit(D)[D]reliance
24.Mystudentsfoundthebook________:itprovidedthemwithanabundanceofinformationonthesubject.[A]enlightening[B]confusing[C]distracting(A)[D]amusing
25.Nobodyyetknowshowlongandhowseriouslytheshakinessinthefinancialsystemwill________downtheeconomy.[A]put[B]settle[C]drag(C)[D]knock
26.Inthisfactorythemachinesarenotregulated________butarejointlycontrolledbyacentralcomputersystem.[A]independently[B]individually[C]irrespectively(B)[D]irregularly
27.Everychemicalchangeeitherresultsfromenergybeingusedtoproducethechangeorcausesenergytobe________insomeform.[A]givenoff[B]putout[C]setoff(A)[D]usedup
28.Ifbusinessmenaretaxedtoomuchtheywillnolongerbemotivatedtoworkhardwiththeresultthatincomesfromtaxationmightactually________.[A]shrink[B]delay[C]disperse(A)[D]sink
29.Americancompaniesareevolvingfrommass-productionmanufacturingto________enterprises.[A]moveable[B]changing[C]flexible(C)[D]varying
30.Ifyouknowwhatthetroubleiswhydon’tyouhelpthemto________thesituation[A]simplify[B]modify[C]verify(D)[D]rectify
31.Ican’t________whathashappenedtothevegetablesfortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.[A]figureout[B]drawout[C]lookout(A)[D]workout
32.ItriedveryhardtopersuadehimtojoinourgroupbutImetwithaflat________.[A]disapproval[B]rejection[C]refusal(C)[D]decline
33.Fromthismaterialwecan________hundredsofwhatyoumaycalldirectproducts.[A]derive[B]discern[C]diminish(A)[D]displace
34.Shehadclearlyno________ofdoinganyworkalthoughshewasverywellpaid.[A]tendency[B]ambition[C]intention(C)[D]willingness
35.Whatseemsconfusingorfragmentedatfirstmightwellbecome________athirdtime.[A]cleanandmeasurable[B]notableandsystematic[C]pureandwholesome(D)[D]clearandorganic
36.Thepublicopinionwasthatthetimewasnot________fortheelectionofsucharadicalcandidateasMr.Jones.[A]reasonable[B]ripe[C]ready(B)[D]practical
37.Hudsonsaidhecouldnotkillalivingthingexceptforthe________ofhunger.[A]sensation[B]cause[C]purpose(D)[D]motive
38.Forthenewcountrytosurvive________foritspeopletoenjoyprosperityneweconomicpolicieswillberequired.[A]tonameafew[B]letalone[C]nottospeak(B)[D]let’ssay
39.Foreigndisinvestmentandthe________ofSouthAfricafromworldcapitalmarketsafter1985furtherweakeneditseconomy.[A]displacement[B]elimination[C]exclusion(C)[D]exception
40.Whenanumberofpeople________togetherinaconversationalknoteachindividualexpresseshispositioninthegroupbywherehestands.[A]pad[B]pack[C]squeeze(D)[D]clusterSectionIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.10pointsManpowerInc.with560000workersistheworld’slargesttemporaryemploymentagency.EverymorningitspeopleintotheofficesandfactoriesofAmericaseekingaday’sworkforaday’spay.Onedayatatime.industrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvivereducingthenumberofemployeesManpowerbasedinMilwaukeeWisconsinisbooming.itseconomycontinuestorecovertheUSisincreasinglybecominganationofpart-timersandtemporaryworkers.This“”workforceisthemostimportantinAmericanbusinesstodayanditischangingtherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirjobs.Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitiveavoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdensbyemploymentruleshealthcarecostsandpensionplans.Forworkersitcanmeananendtothesecuritybenefitsandsenseofthatcamefrombeingaloyalemployee.
41.[A]swarm[B]stride[C]separate(A)[D]slip
42.[A]For[B]Because[C]As(C)[D]Since
43.[A]from[B]in[C]on(D)[D]by
44.[A]Eventhough[B]Nowthat[C]Ifonly(A)[D]Providedthat
45.[A]durable[B]disposable[C]available(B)[D]transferable
46.[A]approach[B]flow[C]fashion(D)[D]trend
47.[A]instantly[B]reversely[C]fundamentally(C)[D]sufficiently
48.[A]but[B]while[C]and(B)[D]whereas
49.[A]imposed[B]restricted[C]illustrated(A)[D]confined
50.[A]excitement[B]conviction[C]enthusiasm(D)[D]importanceSectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.40pointsText1Itwas3:45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebatesAustralia’sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyillpatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to
10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickeduphalfaworldawaybyJohnHofsessexecutivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup’son-lineserviceDeathNET.SaysHofsess:“Wepostedbulletinsalldaylongbecauseofcoursethisisn’tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It’sworldhistory.”Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIlllawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofreliefothersincludingchurchesright-to-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociationbitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthetideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia--whereanagingpopulationlife-extendingtechnologyandchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart--otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanadawheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrengthobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling.UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylawanadultpatientcanrequestdeath--probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill--toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Aftera“coolingoff”periodofsevendaysthepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNicksona54-year-oldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancertheNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.“I’mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofviewbutwhatIwasafraidofwashowI’dgobecauseI’vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmasks”hesays.
51.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat________.[A]theobjectiontoeuthanasiaisslowtocomeinothercountries[B]physiciansandcitizenssharethesameviewoneuthanasia[C]changingtechnologyischieflyresponsibleforthehastypassageofthelaw(D)[D]ittakestimetorealizethesignificanceofthelaw’spassage
52.Whentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfallinghemeans________.[A]observersaretakingawait-and-seeattitudetowardsthefutureofeuthanasia[B]similarbillsarelikelytobepassedintheUSCanadaandothercountries[C]observersarewaitingtoseetheresultofthegameofdominoes(B)[D]theeffect-takingprocessofthepassedbillmayfinallycometoastop
53.WhenLloydNicksondieshewill________.[A]facehisdeathwithcalmcharacteristicofeuthanasia[B]experiencethesufferingofalungcancerpatient[C]haveanintensefearofterriblesuffering(A)[D]undergoacoolingoffperiodofsevendays
54.Theauthor’sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethatof________.[A]opposition[B]suspicion[C]approval(C)[D]indifferenceText2AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendlycourteousandhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.TobefairthisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadiansandshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereareofcourseexceptions.Small-mindedofficialsrudewaitersandill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment.Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountryatravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversionandbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld.Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravelingaloneifhungryinjuredorilloftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhimtherewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomedayrememberyoumightbeinthesamesituation.Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.YettheoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUSespeciallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.“IwasjusttravelingthroughgottalkingwiththisAmericanandprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner--amazing.”SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommonbutarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificialbutastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition.AsistrueofanydevelopedsocietyinAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptionsandconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.Andofcoursespeakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailto“translate”culturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.ForexamplewhenanAmericanusestheword“friend”theculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.YetbeingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers.
55.Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld________.[A]rudetaxidriversarerarelyseenintheUS[B]small-mindedofficialsdeserveaseriouscomment[C]Canadiansarenotsofriendlyastheirneighbors(D)[D]mostAmericansarereadytoofferhelp
56.Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.[A]cultureexercisesaninfluenceoversocialinterrelationship[B]courteousconventionandindividualinterestareinterrelated[C]variousvirtuesmanifestthemselvesexclusivelyamongfriends(A)[D]socialinterrelationshipsequalthecomplexsetofculturalconventions
57.Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangers________.[A]toimprovetheirhardlife[B]inviewoftheirlong-distancetravel[C]toaddsomeflavortotheirowndailylife(C)[D]outofacharitableimpulse
58.Thetraditionofhospitalitytostrangers________.[A]tendstobesuperficialandartificial[B]isgenerallywellkeptupintheUnitedStates[C]isalwaysunderstoodproperly(B)[D]hassomethingtodowiththebusytouristtrailsText3Technicallyanysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodilyormentalfunctioningisadrug.Manypeoplemistakenlybelievethetermdrugrefersonlytosomesortofmedicineoranillegalchemicaltakenbydrugaddicts.Theydon’trealizethatfamiliarsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccoarealsodrugs.Thisiswhythemoreneutraltermsubstanceisnowusedbymanyphysiciansandpsychologists.Thephrase“substanceabuse”isoftenusedinsteadof“drugabuse”tomakeclearthatsubstancessuchasalcoholandtobaccocanbejustasharmfullymisusedasheroinandcocaine.Weliveinasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstancesdrugsispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadachesomewinetobesociablecoffeetogetgoinginthemorningacigaretteforthenerves.WhendothesesociallyacceptableandapparentlyconstructiveusesofasubstancebecomemisusesFirstofallmostsubstancestakeninexcesswillproducenegativeeffectssuchaspoisoningorintenseperceptualdistortions.Repeateduseofasubstancecanalsoleadtophysicaladdictionorsubstancedependence.Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerancewithmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffectandthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued.Drugssubstancesthataffectthecentralnervoussystemandalterperceptionmoodandbehaviorareknownaspsychoactivesubstances.Psychoactivesubstancesarecommonlygroupedaccordingtowhethertheyarestimulantsdepressantsorhallucinogens.Stimulantsinitiallyspeeduporactivatethecentralnervoussystemwhereasdepressantsslowitdown.Hallucinogenshavetheirprimaryeffectonperceptiondistortingandalteringitinavarietyofwaysincludingproducinghallucinations.ThesearethesubstancesoftencalledpsychedelicfromtheGreekwordmeaning“mind-manifesting”becausetheyseemedtoradicallyalterone’sstateofconsciousness.
59.“Substanceabuse”Line5Paragraph1ispreferableto“drugabuse”inthat________.[A]substancescanalterourbodilyormentalfunctioningifillegallyused[B]“drugabuse”isonlyrelatedtoalimitednumberofdrugtakers[C]alcoholandtobaccoareasfatalasheroinandcocaine(D)[D]manysubstancesotherthanheroinorcocainecanalsobepoisonous
60.Theword“pervasive”Line1Paragraph2mightmean________.[A]widespread[B]overwhelming[C]piercing(A)[D]fashionable
61.Physicaldependenceoncertainsubstancesresultsfrom________.[A]uncontrolledconsumptionofthemoverlongperiodsoftime[B]exclusiveuseofthemforsocialpurposes[C]quantitativeapplicationofthemtothetreatmentofdiseases(A)[D]carelessemploymentofthemforunpleasantsymptoms
62.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat________.[A]stimulantsfunctionpositivelyonthemind[B]hallucinogensareinthemselvesharmfultohealth[C]depressantsaretheworsttypeofpsychoactivesubstances(B)[D]thethreetypesofpsychoactivesubstancesarecommonlyusedingroupsText4Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouintendedtoaccomplishwithyourcareers”SenatorRobertDoleaskedTimeWarnerexecutiveslastweek.“Youhavesoldyoursoulsbutmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell”AtTimeWarnerhoweversuchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin
1990.It’saself-examinationthathasatvarioustimesinvolvedissuesofresponsibilitycreativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.AtthecoreofthisdebateischairmanGeraldLevin56whotookoverforthelateSteveRossin
1992.OnthefinancialfrontLevinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebtwhichwillincreaseto$
17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompanybutinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglifeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKillerLevindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculturewhichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn“liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitudehoweverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatinthefaceofanythreats.”Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweekbutthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestandatleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholders’meetingLevinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhissonateacherintheBronxNewYorkwhousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibilityandheannouncedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.The15-memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“SomeofushaveknownformanymanyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotallyunlimited”saysLuce.“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”
63.SenatorRobertDolecriticizedTimeWarnerfor________.[A]itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice[B]itsself-examinationofsoul[C]itsneglectofsocialresponsibility(C)[D]itsemphasisoncreativefreedom
64.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisTRUE[A]LuceisaspokesmanofTimeWarner.[B]GeraldLevinisliabletocompromise.[C]TimeWarnerisunitedasoneinthefaceofthedebate.(D)[D]SteveRossisnolongeralive.
65.Infaceoftherecentattacksonthecompanythechairman________.[A]stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression[B]softenedhistoneandadoptedsomenewpolicy[C]changedhisattitudeandyieldedtoobjection(B)[D]receivedmoresupportfromthe15-memberboard
66.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe________.[A]ACompanyunderFire[B]ADebateonMoralDecline[C]ALawfulOutletofStreetCulture(A)[D]AFormofCreativeFreedomText5Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicysuchas“steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding”or“atouchonthebrakes”makesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Thelinkbetweeninterestratesandinflationisuncertain.Andtherearelongvariablelagsbeforepolicychangeshaveanyeffectontheeconomy.Hencetheanalogythatlikenstheconductofmonetarypolicytodrivingacarwithablackenedwindscreenacrackedrear-viewmirrorandafaultysteeringwheel.Givenallthesedisadvantagescentralbankersseemtohavehadmuchtoboastaboutoflate.Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoamere
2.3%lastyearclosetoitslowestlevelin30yearsbeforerisingslightlyto
2.5%thisJuly.Thisisalongwaybelowthedouble-digitrateswhichmanycountriesexperiencedinthe1970sandearly1980s.Itisalsolessthanmostforecastershadpredicted.Inlate1994thepanelofeconomistswhichTheEconomistpollseachmonthsaidthatAmerica’sinflationratewouldaverage
3.5%in
1995.Infactitfellto
2.6%inAugustandisexpectedtoaverageonlyabout3%fortheyearasawhole.InBritainandJapaninflationisrunninghalfapercentagepointbelowtheratepredictedattheendoflastyear.Thisisnoflashinthepan;overthepastcoupleofyearsinflationhasbeenconsistentlylowerthanexpectedinBritainandAmerica.EconomistshavebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfavorableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStatessinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomiesandespeciallyAmerica’shavelittleproductiveslack.America’scapacityutilizationforexamplehithistoricallyhighlevelsearlierthisyearanditsjoblessrate
5.6%inAugusthasfallenbelowmostestimatesofthenaturalrateofunemployment--theratebelowwhichinflationhastakenoffinthepast.WhyhasinflationprovedsomildThemostthrillingexplanationisunfortunatelyalittledefective.Someeconomistsarguethatpowerfulstructuralchangesintheworldhaveupendedtheoldeconomicmodelsthatwerebaseduponthehistoricallinkbetweengrowthandinflation.
67.Fromthepassagewelearnthat________.[A]thereisadefiniterelationshipbetweeninflationandinterestrates[B]economywillalwaysfollowcertainmodels[C]theeconomicsituationisbetterthanexpected(C)[D]economistshadforeseenthepresenteconomicsituation
68.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisTRUE[A]Makingmonetarypoliciesiscomparabletodrivingacar[B]Anextremelylowjoblessratewillleadtoinflation[C]Ahighunemploymentratewillresultfrominflation(B)[D]Interestrateshaveanimmediateeffectontheeconomy
69.Thesentence“Thisisnoflashinthepan”Line5Paragraph3meansthat________.[A]thelowinflationratewilllastforsometime[B]theinflationratewillsoonrise[C]theinflationwilldisappearquickly(A)[D]thereisnoinflationatpresent
70.Thepassageshowsthattheauthoris________thepresentsituation.[A]criticalof[B]puzzledby[C]disappointedat(D)[D]amazedatSectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET
2.15pointsDoanimalshaverightsThisishowthequestionisusuallyput.Itsoundslikeausefulground-clearingwaytostart.71Actuallyitisn’tbecauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrightswhichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.Ononeviewofrightstobesureitnecessarilyfollowsthatanimalshavenone.72Somephilosophersarguethatrightsexistonlywithinasocialcontractaspartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements.Thereforeanimalscannothaverights.Theideaofpunishingatigerthatkillssomebodyisabsurdforexactlythesamereasonsoistheideathattigershaverights.Howeverthisisonlyoneaccountandbynomeansanuncontestedone.Itdeniesrightsnotonlytoanimalsbutalsotosomepeople--forinstancetoinfantsthementallyincapableandfuturegenerations.Inadditionitisunclearwhatforceacontractcanhaveforpeoplewhoneverconsentedtoit:howdoyoureplytosomebodywhosays“Idon’tlikethiscontract”Thepointisthis:withoutagreementontherightsofpeoplearguingabouttherightsofanimalsisfruitless.73Itleadsthediscussiontoextremesattheoutset:itinvitesyoutothinkthatanimalsshouldbetreatedeitherwiththeconsiderationhumansextendtootherhumansorwithnoconsiderationatall.Thisisafalsechoice.Bettertostartwithanothermorefundamentalquestion:isthewaywetreatanimalsamoralissueatallManydenyit.74Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespectextremistsofthiskindthinkthatanimalslieoutsidetheareaofmoralchoice.Anyregardforthesufferingofanimalsisseenasamistake--asentimentaldisplacementoffeelingthatshouldproperlybedirectedtootherhumans.Thisviewwhichholdsthattorturingamonkeyismorallyequivalenttochoppingwoodmayseembravely“logical.”Infactitissimplyshallow:theconfusedcenterisrighttorejectit.Themostelementaryformofmoralreasoning--theethicalequivalentoflearningtocrawl--istoweighothers’interestsagainstone’sown.Thisinturnrequiressympathyandimagination:withoutwhichthereisnocapacityformoralthought.Toseeananimalinpainisenoughformosttoengagesympathy.75Whenthathappensitisnotamistake:itismankind’sinstinctformoralreasoninginactionaninstinctthatshouldbeencouragedratherthanlaughedat.
71.________
72.________
73.________
74.________
75.________SectionVWritingDirections:[A]Studythefollowingsetofpicturescarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan120words.[B]YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.15points[C]Youressayshouldcoveralltheinformationprovidedandmeettherequirementsbelow:
1.Interpretthefollowingpictures.
2.Predictthetendencyoftobaccoconsumptionandgiveyourreasons.1997年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary20pointsPartA5points
1.[B]
2.[D]
3.[A]
4.[D]
5.[C]
6.[B]
7.[A]
8.[C]
9.[D]
10.[B]PartB5points
11.[C]
12.[B]
13.[C]
14.[B]
15.[C]
16.[A]
17.[C]
18.[D]
19.[D]
20.[B]PartC10points
21.[A]
22.[B]
23.[D]
24.[A]
25.[C]
26.[B]
27.[A]
28.[A]
29.[C]
30.[D]
31.[A]
32.[C]
33.[A]
34.[C]
35.[D]
36.[B]
37.[D]
38.[B]
39.[C]
40.[D]SectionII:ClozeTest10points
41.[A]
42.[C]
43.[D]
44.[A]
45.[B]
46.[D]
47.[C]
48.[B]
49.[A]
50.[D]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension40points
51.[D]
52.[B]
53.[A]
54.[C]
55.[D]
56.[A]
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58.[B]
59.[D]
60.[A]
61.[A]
62.[B]
63.[C]
64.[D]
65.[B]
66.[A]
67.[C]
68.[B]
69.[A]
70.[D]SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation15points
71.事实并非如此因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的而这种共同认识并不存在
72.有些哲学家论证说权利只存在在于社会契约中是责任与权益相交换的一部分
73.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端它使人们认为应这样对待动物要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅要么完全冷漠无情
74.这类人持极端看法认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同对待动物无须考虑道德问题
75.这种反应并不错这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄SectionV:Writing15points
76.参考范文例文一Wemeetsmokerseverywhere:inthestreetsoncollegecampusesandinshops.Thereare
5.8billionpeopleintheworldandthesmokersareabout
1.1billionwhichmakesup20percentoftheworld’stotalpopulation.Smokingisveryharmful.Ithinktherearetwomainaspectstothedamage.Firstsmokingconsumesagreatdealofmoney.Asisshowninthepictorialgraphsmokingwastes200billiondollarseachyearintheworld.Secondsmokingdoesharmtothehealthofsmokersanditisthemaincauseoflungcancer.About3millionpeoplediebecauseoftherelevantdiseasesderivedfromsmokingeveryyear.Becausemoreandmorepeopleareawareofthegreatharmofsmokingtohumanstheamountoftobaccoconsumptionisonthedecrease.Fromthefollowingfigureswecanclearlyseethetendency.Thetotalamountofworldtobaccoproductionaddedupto
14.364billionpoundsin1994butitdroppedto
14.2billionpoundsin
1995.Atthesametimemanycountriescallonpeopletogiveupsmoking.Soitiscertainthatthenumberofsmokersistodecrease.例文二AboutTobaccoConsumptionFromtheabovesetofpictureswecanseethattherewereatotalof
14.364billionpoundsoftobaccoproducedin1994and
14.2billionpoundsin
1995.Becausetheamountoftobaccoproductionisfallingyearlyitcanbepredictedthatthetendencyoftobaccoconsumptionwouldalsobefallingyearly.Therearemanyreasons.Firstlysmokingwastesmoney.Everyyeartherearetwohundredbilliondollars“burnt”inthecigarette“fire.”Secondlysmokingwouldhardlydopeopleanygoodanditcanevencausecancer.Everyyeartherearethreemillionpeople“buried”inthecigarette“tomb”.Althoughtobaccoconsumptionisfallingtherearetoomanypeoplewhosmoke.Thepopulationintheworldis
5.8billionbutabouttwentypercentofthepopulationthatistosay
1.1billionpeoplesmoke.Sothesituationisseriousandthemovementagainstsmokingisstilladifficulttask.评语上边两篇作文内容符合要求包括对各图的说明对趋势的预测及理由数字表达正确语言较好表达能力较强长度符合要求得14分1996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.5points
1.DoyouenjoylisteningtorecordsIfindrecordsareoften________orbetterthananactualperformance.[A]asgoodas[B]asgood[C]good(A)[D]goodas
2.Mypain________apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroomforthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright”[A]mustbe[B]had[C]musthavebeen(C)[D]hadtobe
3.Theseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookforme________shecouldrememberwholastborrowedit.[A]eversince[B]muchas[C]eventhough(D)[D]ifonly
4.Observationsweremade________thechildrenatthebeginningandattheendofpreschoolandfirstgrade.[A]towards[B]of[C]on(B)[D]with
5.Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreportseach________onemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.[A]makes[B]made[C]istomake(D)[D]making
6.Asafetyanalysis________thetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunatelyitwasneverdone.[A]wouldidentify[B]willidentify[C]wouldhaveidentified(C)[D]willhaveidentified
7.Thenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear’smarathonwashalf________.[A]oflastyear’s[B]thoseoflastyear’s[C]ofthoseoflastyears(D)[D]thatoflastyear’s
8.Forthere________successfulcommunicationtheremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent.[A]is[B]tobe[C]willbe(B)[D]being
9.TherewasaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanEnglishmanthatIreadrecently________whathethoughtwasareasonforthisAmericancharacteristic.[A]giving[B]gave[C]togive(A)[D]given
10.Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything________goingonintheworld.[A]itis[B]asis[C]thereis(C)[D]whatisPartBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.5points
11.I’dratheryoubytrainbecauseItheideaofinanairplaneinbadweather.([A]went)
12.It’sessentialthatpeopleabletoresisttheimpactbythetransitionfromeconomytomarketeconomy.([B]psychologically)
13.Somebossesdislikepeopletheirresponsibilities;theykeepimportantmattersintheirownhands.([A]allowing)
14.Eachcigarettewhichapersonsmokesharmandeventuallymaygetaseriousdiseasefromeffect.([C]he)
15.ambitiousstudentstosucceedintheirstudiesthanlittleambition.([B]aremorelikely)
16.muchresearchtherearestillcertainelementsthelifecycleoftheinsectthatnotfully.([C]are)
17.In1921EinsteinwontheNobelPrizeandinGermanyuntilofNazismhewasdrivenGermanybecausehewasaJew.([C]when)
18.ThedatafromthewhirlingaroundMarsthatthereismuchevidencethathugethunderstormsabouttheequatoroftheplanet.([B]twospacecraft)
19.Generallyspeakingthebirdflyingourpathisobservedandstayingonthetreenearispassedbywithoutanynoticeofit.([D]taken)
20.Mercury’svelocityisgreaterthanthatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimetakestheEarthtocomplete.([C]it)PartCDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10points
21.IwasspeakingtoAnnonthephonewhensuddenlywewere________.[A]hungup[B]hungback[C]cutdown(D)[D]cutoff
22.Shewonderedifshecouldhavetheopportunitytospend________heresothatshecouldlearnmoreaboutthecity.[A]sometimes[B]sometime[C]sometime(B)[D]sometimes
23.Ms.Greenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyearyetsheseemstobe________witheveryonewhocomestothestore.[A]accepted[B]admitted[C]admired(D)[D]acquainted
24.Hedoesnot________asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisterrible.[A]equal[B]match[C]qualify(C)[D]fit
25.Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen________thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.[A]pursuing[B]chasing[C]reaching(A)[D]winning
26.Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat________thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.[A]atlarge[B]atintervals[C]atease(B)[D]atrandom
27.Whentravellingyouareadvisedtotaketravellers’checkswhichprovideasecure________tocarryingyourmoneyincash.[A]substitute[B]selection[C]preference(D)[D]alternative
28.InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha________character.[A]gracious[B]suspicious[C]unique(B)[D]particular
29.Changingfromsolidtoliquidwatertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearitandthis________producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.[A]absorption[B]transition[C]consumption(A)[D]interaction
30.Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely________myideastoproveyourpoint.[A]revising[B]contradicting[C]distorting(C)[D]distracting
31.Languagecultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered________ofeachotherinthoughtbuttheyareinseparableinfact.[A]indistinctly[B]separately[C]irrelevantly(D)[D]independently
32.WatchingmepullingthecalfawkwardlytothebarntheIrishmilkmaidfoughthardto________herlaughter.[A]holdback[B]holdon[C]holdout(A)[D]holdup
33.Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher________attitudetowardcustomers.[A]impartial[B]mild[C]hostile(C)[D]opposing
34.I________withthanksthehelpofmycolleaguesinthepreparationofthisnewcolumn.[A]express[B]confess[C]verify(D)[D]acknowledge
35.Itisstrictly________thataccesstoconfidentialdocumentsisdeniedtoallbutafew.[A]secured[B]forbidden[C]regulated(C)[D]determined
36.ThepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhentheCongressisin________againnextspring.[A]assembly[B]session[C]conference(B)[D]convention
37.ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th________thebirthofJesusChrist.[A]inaccordancewith[B]intermsof[C]infavorof(D)[D]inhonorof
38.SinceitistoolatetochangemymindnowIam________tocarryingouttheplan.[A]obliged[B]committed[C]engaged(B)[D]resolved
39.Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalleybutit________aswellaswehadhoped.[A]cameoff[B]wentoff[C]broughtout(A)[D]madeout
40.Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountrieswemust________thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.[A]improve[B]enhanced[C]guarantee(D)[D]gearSectionIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10pointsVitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimalsincludingman.Theydonotprovideenergydotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededforfoodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthemandifismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes.Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements--usuallycarbonhydrogenoxygenandnitrogen.Theyaredifferenttheirelementsarearrangeddifferentlyandeachvitaminoneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.enoughvitaminsisessentialtolifealthoughthebodyhasnonutritionaluseforvitamins.Manypeoplebelieveinbeingonthe“safeside”andthustakeextravitamins.Howeverawell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds.
41.[A]either[B]so[C]nor(C)[D]never
42.[A]shifting[B]transferring[C]altering(D)[D]transforming
43.[A]any[B]some[C]anything(A)[D]something
44.[A]serious[B]apparent[C]severe(B)[D]fatal
45.[A]mostly[B]partially[C]sometimes(C)[D]rarely
46.[A]inthat[B]sothat[C]suchthat(A)[D]exceptthat
47.[A]undertakes[B]holds[C]plays(D)[D]performs
48.[A]Supplying[B]Getting[C]Providing(B)[D]Furnishing
49.[A]exceptional[B]exceeding[C]excess(C)[D]external
50.[A]nevertheless[B]therefore[C]moreover(A)[D]meanwhileSectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.40pointsText1Tight-lippedeldersusedtosay“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworldbutwhatyouget.”Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouseandeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifweintendtohavefriendstodinnerweplanthemenumakeashoppinglistdecidewhichfoodtocookfirstandsuchplanningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.Likewiseifyouwanttofindajobtakeasheetofpaperandwriteabriefaccountofyourself.Inmakingablueprintforajobbeginwithyourselfforwhenyouknowexactlywhatyouhavetoofferyoucanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyourservices.Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludeeducationexperienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulinpersonalinterviews.Whiletalkingtoyouyourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducationyourexperienceandotherqualificationswillpayhimtoemployyouandyour“wares”andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesiresyouhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcould-bejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopenanduseyourownjudgment.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishforandkeepinmind:Securingajobisyourjobnow.
51.Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworldbutwhatyouget.”[A]You’llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.[B]It’snousedreaming.[C]Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.(B)[D]It’sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.
52.Ablueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas________.[A]anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforajob[B]anindicationofhowtosecureagoodjob[C]aguidelineforjobdescription(A)[D]aprincipleforjobevaluation
53.Accordingtothepassageonemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause________.[A]thatisthefirststeptopleasetheemployer[B]thatistherequirementoftheemployer[C]itenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservices(D)[D]itforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareofhimself
54.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesiresyouhavesomething________.[A]definitetooffer[B]imaginarytoprovide[C]practicaltosupply(A)[D]desirabletopresentText2WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevisionmillionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation’snewscoverageaswellaslistentoit.AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannelsfiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostations.Theyarebroughtsportcomedydramamusicnewsandcurrentaffairseducationreligionparliamentarycoveragechildren’sprogrammesandfilmsforanannuallicensefeeof£83perhousehold.Itisaremarkablerecordstretchingbackover70years--yettheBBC’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly-fundedbroadcastingorganizationatleastforthetimebeingbutitsroleitssizeanditsprogrammesarenowthesubjectofanation-widedebateinBritain.ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernmentwhichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC--includingordinarylistenersandviewers--tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporationandevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitisortomakechanges.DefendersoftheCorporation--ofwhomtherearemany--arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan“Ifitain’tbrokedon’tfixit.”TheBBC“ain’tbroke”theysaybywhichtheymeanitisnotbrokenasdistinctfromtheword‘broke’meaninghavingnomoneysowhybothertochangeitYettheBBCwillhavetochangebecausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels–ITVandChannel4--wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment’sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercialcompetingwitheachotherforadvertisersandcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels--fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers’subscriptions--whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.
55.TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces________.[A]theproblemofnewcoverage[B]anuncertainprospect[C]inquiriesbythegeneralpublic(B)[D]shrinkageofaudience
56.InthepassagewhichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisNOTmentionedasthekeyissue[A]ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.[B]Programmesasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.[C]Potentialsforfurtherinternationalcooperations.(C)[D]Itsexistenceasabroadcastingorganization.
57.TheBBC’s“royalcharter”Line4Paragraph4standsfor________.[A]thefinancialsupportfromtheroyalfamily[B]theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueen[C]acontractwiththeQueen(C)[D]auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily
58.TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan________.[A]theemergenceofcommercialTVchannels[B]theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernment[C]theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandjobs(D)[D]thechallengeofnewsatellitechannelsText3Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury“capital”and“labour”wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiativetowardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompaniesthoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholderswereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylightingtramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlargeimpersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclassanelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.AllthroughthenineteenthcenturyAmericaAfricaIndiaAustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapitalandBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld’smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge“comfortable”classeswhohadretiredontheirincomesandwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders’meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand“shareholding”meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.The“shareholders”assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelivesthoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldsharesandhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemandsbutevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunatelyhowevertheincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunionsatleastinallskilledtradesenabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother’sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.
59.It’strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat________.[A]theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerations[B]theyfailedforlackofindividualinitiative[C]theylackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderncompanies(C)[D]theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers
60.Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin________.[A]theseparationofcapitalfrommanagement[B]theownershipofcapitalbymanagers[C]theemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwoclasses(A)[D]theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusiness
61.AccordingtothepassageallofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTthat________.[A]theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkers[B]theoldfirmownershadabetterunderstandingoftheirworkers[C]thelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothly(C)[D]thetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiverole
62.Theauthorismostcriticalof________.[A]familyfilmowners[B]landowners[C]managers(D)[D]shareholdersText4WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica--breakthroughssuchasthetelegraphthesteamboatandtheweavingmachineAmongthemanyshapingfactorsIwouldsingleoutthecountry’sexcellentelementaryschools:alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal“spatial”thinkingaboutthingstechnological.WhymentiontheelementaryschoolsBecausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanicsespeciallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstatesweregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported“WithamindpreparedbythoroughschooldisciplinetheAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman.”Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe“premium”systemwhichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproachoriginatedabroadofferedinventorsmedalscashprizesandotherincentives.IntheUnitedStatesmultitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.GiventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovationtheAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout“Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions:theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisualnonverbalprocess...Thedesignerandtheinventor...areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.”Thisnonverbal“spatial”thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.RobertFultononcewrote“Themechanicshouldsitdownamongleversscrewswedgeswheelsetc.likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabetconsideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughtsinwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.”Whenalltheseshapingforces--schoolsopenattitudesthepremiumsystemageniusforspatialthinking--interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainlandtheyproducedthatAmericancharacteristicemulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.
63.AccordingtotheauthorthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto________.[A]elementaryschools[B]enthusiasticworkers[C]theattractivepremiumsystem(D)[D]aspecialwayofthinking
64.ItisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmericanmechanics________.[A]benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalknowledge[B]shedlightondisciplinedschoolmanagement[C]wasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhometraining(A)[D]owedalottothetechnologicaldevelopment
65.Atechnologistcanbecomparedtoanartistbecause________.[A]theyarebothwinnersofawards[B]theyarebothexpertsinspatialthinking[C]theybothabandonverbaldescription(B)[D]theybothusevariousinstruments
66.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe________.[A]InventiveMind[B]EffectiveSchooling[B]WaysofThinking(A)[D]OutpouringofInventionsText5Rumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher’spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmologygeologyandbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistentunifiedandconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened.“Scientific”creationismwhichisbeingpushedbysomefor“equaltime”intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregivenisbasedonreligionnotscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnon-fundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard“scientific”creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.ThefirstfourchaptersofKitcher’sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.Atappropriateplacesheintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsandprovidesanswers.Inthelastthreechaptershetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogrammesandtacticsandforthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationiststheextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.WhentheirbasicmotivationisreligiousonemighthaveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior.Kitcherisaphilosopherandthismayaccountinpartfortheclarityandeffectivenessofhisarguments.Thenon-specialistwillbeabletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataandargumentthatsupportevolutionarytheory.Thefinalchapteronthecreationistswillbeextremelycleartoall.OnthedustjacketofthisfinebookStephenJayGouldsays:“Thisbookstandsforreasonitself.”Andsoitdoes--andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationism/evolutiondebate.
67.“Creationism”inthepassagerefersto________.[A]evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheuniverse[B]anotionofthecreationofreligion[C]thescientificexplanationoftheearthformation(D)[D]thedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheuniverse
68.Kitcher’sbookisintendedto________.[A]recommendtheviewsoftheevolutionists[B]exposethetruefeaturesofcreationists[C]cursebitterlyatthisopponents(B)[D]launchasurpriseattackoncreationists
69.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat________.[A]reasoninghasplayedadecisiveroleinthedebate[B]creationistsdonotbasetheirargumentonreasoning[C]evolutionarytheoryistoodifficultfornon-specialists(B)[D]creationismissupportedbyscientificfindings
70.Thispassageappearstobeadigestof________.[A]abookreview[B]ascientificpaper[C]amagazinefeature(A)[D]anewspapereditorialSectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET
2.15pointsThedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.71Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.Somehoweverarelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionoftheformscientifictheoryoughttotakebypersonsinauthorityacttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferentareas.Thisisanewproblemprobablynotyetunavoidable;butitisafrighteningtrend.72ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWarwhenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.Itcanbepredictedhoweverthatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itisthereforegenerallyvaluabletotreatthescientificestablishmentasaresourceormachinetobekeptinfunctionalorder.73Thisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthefuture.Thiskindofsupportlikeallgovernmentsupportrequiresdecisionsabouttheappropriaterecipientsoffunds.Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward.Butadecisionamongprojectsnoneofwhichhasimmediateutilityismoredifficult.Thegoalofthesupportingagenciesisthepraisableoneofsupporting“good”asopposedto“bad”sciencebutavaliddeterminationisdifficulttomake.Generallytheideaofgoodsciencetendstobecomeconfusedwiththecapacityofthefieldinquestiontogenerateaneleganttheory.74Howevertheworldissomadethatelegantsystemsareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld’smorefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.75Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepastgivingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.SectionVWriting
76.Directions:[A]Title:GOODHEALTH[B]Timelimit:40minutes[C]Wordlimit:120-150wordsnotincludingthegivenopeningsentence[D]YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:“Thedesireforgoodhealthisuniversal.”[E]YourcompositionshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.15pointsOUTLINE:
1.Importanceofgoodhealth
2.Waystokeepfit
3.Myownpractices1996年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary20pointsPartA5points
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71.在这些原因中,有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求;另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生某些特定发展的必然结果
72.这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出结论政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的
73.给某些与当前目标无关但将来可能产生影响的科研以支持,看来通常能有效地解决这个问题
74.然而,世界就是如此,完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的
75.同过去一样,将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象,给完美以新的标准SectionV:Writing15points
76.参考范文GOODHEALTHWhereveryouareandwhateveryoudostayinghealthyisalwaysimportant.Withtheimprovementofourlivingstandardspeopleareattachingmoreandmoreimportancetotheirhealth.Westudentscan’tkeepthehighstudyefficiencywithoutgoodhealth.Thesamethingistruewithworkersscientistsanddoctors.Inmyopiniongooddietandexercisesaretwomajorwaystokeephealthy.Thefoodweeateverydaymustberationalandshouldincludemeatvegetableseggsandfruit.Itisimportanttodrinkwatereverydayandnottogetaddictedtodrinkingcoffeeorsomeothersoftdrinks.Exercisingeverydayisalsoessentialforustostayhealthy.Wecanridebicyclesplaytennisorswim.Ofcoursewedon’tneedtoexhaustourselves.Weshouldplanourphysicalexercisesaccordingtoouractualcondition.Anhouradayisenough.AsauniversitystudentIhavemuchfreetimetodoexercises.Iusuallyplaybadmintonandtennis.ButsometimesIamlazyanddonotexerciseforallkindsofexcusessuchascoldweatherandexams.Imustcorrectit.Iamalsocarefulwithmydiet.Inawaykeepinghealthyisnotveryhardifyoujusttakeitseriously.1995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.5points
1.Between1897and1919atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayed________.[A]hadproduced[B]havebeenproduced[C]wouldhaveproduced(D)[D]hadbeenproduced
2.Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofgettingcancerthan________inthepublicmindtoday.[A]exists[B]exist[C]existing(A)[D]existed
3.Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds________hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.[A]whichtobaseon[B]onwhichtobase[C]tobaseonwhich(B)[D]whichtobebasedon
4.________canhelpbutbefascinatedbytheworldintowhichheistakenbythesciencefiction.[A]Everybody[B]Anybody[C]Somebody(D)[D]Nobody
5.Howmanyofus________sayameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion[A]attended[B]attending[C]toattend(B)[D]haveattended
6.Hydrogenisthefundamentalelementoftheuniverse________itprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.[A]sothat[B]butthat[C]inthat(C)[D]providedthat
7.Wearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyle________inapersonalone.[A]ratherthan[B]otherthan[C]betterthan(A)[D]lessthan
8.________isgenerallyacceptedeconomicalgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.[A]What[B]That[C]It(D)[D]As
9.Itisbelievedthattoday’spopmusiccanserveasacreativeforce________stimulatingthethinkingofitslisteners.[A]by[B]with[C]at(A)[D]on
10.Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth________theatmosphere.[A]asitis[B]thesameas[C]sois(C)[D]andsoisPartBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.5points
11.TheconveniencesthatAmericansdesirenotsomuchalifestyleasabusylifestyleinwhichevenminutesoftimetoovaluable.([A]reflect)
12.Indebatingonemustcorrectthefactsdenytherelevanceofhisproofordenyhepresentsasproofrelevantissufficient.([D]if)
13.Wearenottheextentworkprovidesthepsychologicalsatisfactioncanmakethebetweenafullandanemptylife.([B]towhich)
14.ThePortugueseagreatdealofcredittoforseatravelthatmanPrinceHenrythenavigatorwholivedinthe15thcentury.([D]being)
15.scientificexperimentsaregenerallycorrectthosesciencearecarefulintheaccuracyoftheirreports.([C]writingabout或whowriteabout)
16.wheneverweanaturaldisasterinadistantpartoftheworldwefeelforthepeople.([D]affected)
17.Itisperhapsnotanexaggerationthatweshallsoonbeourhealthwealthandhappinesstoelementswithverynamesthegeneralpublicunfamiliar.([C]whose)
18.ThespeakerclaimedthatmodernnationdevotesaportionofitswealthtopublicassistanceandhealththeUnitedStates.([C]as)
19.Therearethosewhoconsideritquestionablethattheseresearchprojectswillanimprovementinthestandardoflivingoralternatelytoprotectourresources.([C]domuch)
20.Ifindividualstheybeginadreamphaseofsleeptheyarelikelytobecomeirritabletheirtotalamountofsleepsufficient.([B]eachtime)PartCDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10points
21.Inthatcountrygueststendtofeeltheyarenothighly________iftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.[A]admired[B]regarded[C]expected(B)[D]worshipped
22.A________ofthelongreportbythebudgetcommitteewassubmittedtothemayorforapproval.[A]shorthand[B]scheme[C]schedule(D)[D]sketch
23.Amanhastomake________forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughmoneytoliveonwhenold.[A]supply[B]assurance[C]provision(C)[D]adjustment
24.Thenewly-builtScienceBuildingseems________enoughtolastahundredyears.[A]spacious[B]sophisticated[C]substantial(C)[D]steady
25.Itiswell-knownthattheretiredworkersinourcountryare________freemedicalcare.[A]entitledto[B]involvedin[C]associatedwith(A)[D]assignedto
26.Thefarmersweremoreanxiousforrainthanthepeopleinthecitybecausetheyhadmoreat________.[A]danger[B]stake[C]loss(B)[D]threat
27.Ifelt________todeathbecauseIcouldmakenothingofthechairman’sspeech.[A]fatigued[B]tired[C]exhausted(D)[D]bored
28.Whentheenginewouldnotstartthemechanicinspectedallthepartstofindwhatwasat________.[A]wrong[B]trouble[C]fault(C)[D]difficulty
29.Youradvicewouldbe________valuabletohimwhoisatpresentathiswit’send.[A]exceedingly[B]excessively[C]extensively(A)[D]exclusively
30.Hefailedtocarryoutsomeoftheprovisionsofthecontractandnowhehasto________theconsequences.[A]answerfor[B]runinto[C]abideby(A)[D]stepinto
31.Theriverisalready________itsbanksbecauseofexcessiverainfall;andthecityisthreatenedwithalikelyflood.[A]parallelto[B]levelin[C]flaton(D)[D]flushwith
32.People________thatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.[A]convinced[B]anticipated[C]resolved(B)[D]assured
33.Inspiteofthewiderangeofreadingmaterialspeciallywrittenor________forlanguagelearningpurposesthereisyetnocomprehensivesystematicprogrammeforthereadingskills.[A]adapted[B]acknowledged[C]assembled(A)[D]appointed
34.Themothersaidshewould________hersonwashingthedishesifhecouldfinishhisassignmentbeforesupper.[A]letdown[B]letalone[C]letoff(C)[D]letout
35.Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat________decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.[A]urgent[B]hasty[C]instant(B)[D]prompt
36.Johncomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages________inthedictionary.[A]missing[B]losing[C]dropping(A)[D]leaking
37.Inthepastmostforestershavebeenmenbuttodaythenumberofwomen________thisfieldisclimbing.[A]engaging[B]devoting[C]registering(D)[D]pursuing
38.Thesupervisordidn’thavetimesofartogointoit________buthegaveusanideaabouthisplan.[A]athand[B]inturn[C]inconclusion(D)[D]atlength
39.Theirdemandforapayraisehasnottheslightest________ofbeingmet.[A]prospect[B]prediction[C]prosperity(A)[D]permission
40.It’susuallythecasethatpeopleseldombehaveina________waywheninafuriousstate.[A]stable[B]rational[C]legal(B)[D]credibleSectionIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10pointsSleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleepcharacterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreamingandlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep.kindofsleepisatallwell-understoodbutREMsleepistoservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmore.ThenewexperimentssuchasthoseforthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingoftheSocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolissuggestfascinatingexplanationsofnon-REMsleep.Forexampleithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleepis100percentfataltoratsyetexaminationofthedeadbodiestheanimalslookcompletelynormal.Aresearcherhasnowthemysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.Theratsbacterialinfectionsofthebloodtheirimmunesystems--theself-protectingmechanismagainstdisease--hadcrashed.
41.[A]Either[B]Neither[C]Each(B)[D]Any
42.[A]intended[B]required[C]assumed(C)[D]inferred
43.[A]subtle[B]obvious[C]mysterious(C)[D]doubtful
44.[A]maintained[B]described[C]settled(B)[D]afforded
45.[A]inthelight[B]byvirtue[C]withtheexception(D)[D]forthepurpose
46.[A]reduction[B]destruction[C]deprivation(C)[D]restriction
47.[A]upon[B]by[C]through(A)[D]with
48.[A]paidattentionto[B]caughtsightof[C]laidemphasison(D)[D]castlighton
49.[A]develop[B]produce[C]stimulate(A)[D]induce
50.[A]if[B]asif[C]onlyif(B)[D]ifonlySectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.40pointsText1MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonablepricestherebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabourandisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesasmuchthepriceofyourtelevisionlicensewouldneedtobedoubledandtravelbybusortubewouldcost20percentmore.Andperhapsmostimportantofalladvertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonablevalueintheproductsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenActsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertisingnoregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleadingadvertising.Hewillnotdosoforlongformercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethanonce.IfyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertiseditisthesurestproofIknowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforitandthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcanthinkof.ThereisonepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-knowntelevisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthaninforms.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation--andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieveforevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtlypersuasive--advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhapsthatiswhatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.
51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat________.[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising[B]everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming[C]advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse(D)[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising
52.InthepassagewhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadvantagesofadvertising[A]Securinggreaterfame.[B]Providingmorejobs.[C]Enhancinglivingstandards.(A)[D]Reducingnewspapercost.
53.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVpersonalityis________.[A]verypreciseinpassinghisjudgmentonadvertising[B]interestedinnothingbutthebuyers’attention[C]correctintellingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandinformation(D)[D]obviouslypartialinhisviewsonadvertising
54.Intheauthor’sopinion________.[A]advertisingcanseldombringmaterialbenefittomanbyprovidinginformation[B]advertisinginformspeopleofnewideasratherthanwinsthemover[C]thereisnothingwrongwithadvertisinginpersuadingthebuyer(C)[D]thebuyerisnotinterestedingettinginformationfromanadvertisementText2Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproducttheotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotionthestudentwhosegradesimprovetheforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage--alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.Bycontrasttheprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodeterminesincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnottheroaditselfbutrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehavetheircautionorcourageastheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocessthejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworldnewideastotrynewchallengestoaccept.Inordertogrowtotravelnewroadspeopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakeriskstoconfronttheunknownandtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay“fail”atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.DoweperceiveourselvesasquickandcuriousIfsothenwetendtotakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe’reshyandindecisiveThenoursenseoftimiditycancauseustohesitatetomoveslowlyandnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowethinkwe’reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe’renotsmartenoughtocopewithanewchallengeThenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubtsifweprotectourselvestoomuchthenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.
55.Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen________.[A]hehasgivenuphissmokinghabit[B]hehasmadegreateffortsinhiswork[C]heiskeenonleaninganythingnew(A)[D]hehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney
56.Intheauthor’seyesonewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould________.[A]succeedinclimbingupthesocialladder[B]judgehisabilitytogrowfromhisownachievements[C]facedifficultiesandtakeupchallenges(C)[D]aimhighandreachhisgoaleachtime
57.Whentheauthorsays“anewwayofbeing”Line2~3Para.3heisreferringto________.[A]anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworld[B]anewwayoftakingrisks[C]anewmethodofperceivingourselves(A)[D]anewsystemofadaptationtochange
58.ForpersonalgrowththeauthoradvocatesallofthefollowingEXCEPT________.[A]curiosityaboutmorechances[B]promptnessinself-adaptation[C]open-mindednesstonewexperiences(D)[D]avoidanceofinternalfearsanddoubtsText3Insuchachangingcomplexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembersfriendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeopletoday.InadditiontothisthereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarII.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunitytheirfriendsofmanyyearstheirextendedfamilyrelationshipstheinformalflowofinformationiscutoffandwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thusthingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned.Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygenerationandthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicatedtime-consumingandsometimesevenoverwhelming.Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatainmachine-readablefilesandtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevisionradioandveryshortlyelectronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextendedthepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencingandproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhasfacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformationthusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexitytheneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccuratereliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblemsthecriticalproblemsoftheirbusinesssocialandfamilylifewillsurviveandsucceed.“Knowledgeispower”maywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople.
59.Theword“it”Line3Para.2mostprobablyrefersto________.[A]thelackofstablecommunities[B]thebreakdownofinformalinformationchannels[C]theincreasedmobilityoffamilies(B)[D]thegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplace
60.Themainproblempeoplemayencountertodayarisesfromthefactthat________.[A]theyhavetolearnnewthingsconsciously[B]theylacktheconfidenceofsecuringreliableandtrustworthyinformation[C]theyhavedifficultyobtainingtheneededinformationreadily(C)[D]theycanhardlycarryoutcasualcommunicationswithanextendedfamily
61.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat________.[A]electronicmailwillsoonplayadominantroleintransmittingmessages[B]itwillbecomemoredifficultforpeopletokeepsecretsinaninformationera[C]peoplewillspendlesstimeholdingmeetingsorconferences(A)[D]eventswillbereportedonthespotmainlythroughsatellites
62.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat________.[A]itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchknowledgeaspossible[B]peopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformationaccessible[C]weshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulatinginformation(D)[D]itisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationefficientlyText4Personalityistoalargeextentinherent--A-typeparentsusuallybringaboutA-typeoffspring.Buttheenvironmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffectsinceifcompetitionisimportanttotheparentsitislikelytobecomeamajorfactorinthelivesoftheirchildren.OneplacewherechildrensoakupA-characteristicsisschoolwhichisbyitsverynatureahighlycompetitiveinstitution.Toomanyschoolsadoptthe“winatallcosts”moralstandardandmeasuretheirsuccessbysportingachievements.Thecurrentpassionformakingchildrencompeteagainsttheirclassmatesoragainsttheclockproducesatwo-layersysteminwhichcompetitiveA-typesseeminsomewaybetterthantheirB-typefellows.Beingtookeentowincanhavedangerousconsequences:rememberthatPheidippidesthefirstmarathonrunnerdroppeddeadsecondsaftersaying:“Rejoiceweconquer!”Byfartheworstformofcompetitioninschoolsisthedisproportionateemphasisonexaminations.Itisarareschoolthatallowspupilstoconcentrateonthosethingstheydowell.Themeritsofcompetitionbyexaminationaresomewhatquestionablebutcompetitioninthecertainknowledgeoffailureispositivelyharmful.ObviouslyitisneitherpracticalnordesirablethatallAyoungsterschangeintoB’s.TheworldneedsAtypesandschoolshaveanimportantdutytotrytofitachild’spersonalitytohispossiblefutureemployment.Itistopmanagement.Ifthepreoccupationofschoolswithacademicworkwaslessenedmoretimemightbespentteachingchildrensurervalues.Perhapsselectionforthecaringprofessionsespeciallymedicinecouldbemadelessbygoodgradesinchemistryandmorebysuchconsiderationsassensitivityandsympathy.ItissurelyamistaketochooseourdoctorsexclusivelyfromA-typestock.B’sareimportantandshouldbeencouraged.
63.AccordingtothepassageA-typeindividualsareusually________.[A]impatient[B]considerate[C]aggressive(C)[D]agreeable
64.Theauthorisstronglyopposedtothepracticeofexaminationsatschoolsbecause________.[A]thepressureistoogreatonthestudents[B]somestudentsareboundtofail[C]failureratesaretoohigh(B)[D]theresultsofexanimationsaredoubtful
65.Theselectionofmedicalprofessionalsiscurrentlybasedon________.[A]candidates’sensitivity[B]academicachievements[C]competitivespirit(B)[D]surervalues
66.Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthat________.[A]thepersonalityofachildiswellestablishedatbirth[B]familyinfluencedominatestheshapingofone’scharacteristics[C]thedevelopmentofone’spersonalityisduetomultiplefactors(C)[D]B-typecharacteristicscanfindnoplaceincompetitivesocietyText5Thatexperiencesinfluencesubsequentbehaviourisevidenceofanobviousbutneverthelessremarkableactivitycalledremembering.Learningcouldnotoccurwithoutthefunctionpopularlynamedmemory.Constantpracticehassuchaneffectonmemoryastoleadtoskillfulperformanceonthepianotorecitationofapoemandeventoreadingandunderstandingthesewords.So-calledintelligentbehaviourdemandsmemoryrememberingbeingaprimaryrequirementforreasoning.Theabilitytosolveanyproblemoreventorecognizethataproblemexistsdependsonmemory.Typicallythedecisiontocrossastreetisbasedonrememberingmanyearlierexperiences.Practiceorreviewtendstobuildandmaintainmemoryforataskorforanylearnedmaterial.Overaperiodofnopracticewhathasbeenlearnedtendstobeforgotten;andtheadaptiveconsequencesmaynotseemobvious.Yetdramaticinstancesofsuddenforgettingcanbeseentobeadaptive.Inthissensetheabilitytoforgetcanbeinterpretedtohavesurvivedthroughaprocessofnaturalselectioninanimals.Indeedwhenone’smemoryofanemotionallypainfulexperienceleadtoseriousanxietyforgettingmayproducerelief.Neverthelessanevolutionaryinterpretationmightmakeitdifficulttounderstandhowthecommonlygradualprocessofforgettingsurvivednaturalselection.Inthinkingabouttheevolutionofmemorytogetherwithallitspossibleaspectsitishelpfultoconsiderwhatwouldhappenifmemoriesfailedtofade.Forgettingclearlyaidsorientationintimesinceoldmemoriesweakenandthenewtendtostandoutprovidingcluesforinferringduration.Withoutforgettingadaptiveabilitywouldsufferforexamplelearnedbehaviourthatmighthavebeencorrectadecadeagomaynolongerbe.Casesarerecordedofpeoplewhobyordinarystandardsforgotsolittlethattheireverydayactivitieswerefullofconfusion.Thusforgettingseemstoservethatsurvivaloftheindividualandthespecies.Anotherlineofthoughtassumesamemorystoragesystemoflimitedcapacitythatprovidesadaptiveflexibilityspecificallythroughforgetting.Inthisviewcontinualadjustmentsaremadebetweenlearningormemorystorageinputandforgettingoutput.Indeedthereisevidencethattherateatwhichindividualsforgetisdirectlyrelatedtohowmuchtheyhavelearned.Suchdataoffergrosssupportofcontemporarymodelsofmemorythatassumeaninput-outputbalance.
67.Fromtheevolutionarypointofview________.[A]forgettingforlackofpracticetendstobeobviouslyinadaptive[B]ifapersongetsveryforgetfulallofasuddenhemustbeveryadaptive[C]thegradualprocessofforgettingisanindicationofanindividual’sadaptability(D)[D]suddenforgettingmaybringaboutadaptiveconsequences
68.Accordingtothepassageifapersonneverforgot________.[A]hewouldsurvivebest[B]hewouldhavealotoftrouble[C]hisabilitytolearnwouldbeenhanced(B)[D]theevolutionofmemorywouldstop
69.Fromthelastparagraphweknowthat________.[A]forgetfulnessisaresponsetolearning[B]thememorystoragesystemisanexactlybalancedinput-outputsystem[C]memoryisacompensationforforgetting(A)[D]thecapacityofamemorystoragesystemislimitedbecauseforgettingoccurs
70.Inthisarticletheauthortriestointerpretthefunctionof________.[A]remembering[B]forgetting[C]adapting(B)[D]experiencingSectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.15pointsThestandardizededucationalorpsychologicalteststhatarewidelyusedtoaidinselectingclassifyingassigningorpromotingstudentsemployeesandmilitarypersonnelhavebeenthetargetofrecentattacksinbooksmagazinesthedailypressandeveninCongress.71Thetargetiswrongforinattackingthetestscriticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.Theteststhemselvesaremerelytoolswithcharacteristicsthatcanbemeasuredwithreasonableprecisionunderspecifiedconditions.Whethertheresultswillbevaluablemeaninglessorevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.Allinformedpredictionsoffutureperformancearebaseduponsomeknowledgeofrelevantpastperformance:schoolgradesresearchproductivitysalesrecordsorwhateverisappropriate.72Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamountreliabilityandappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.Anyonewhokeepscarefulscoreknowsthattheinformationavailableisalwaysincompleteandthatthepredictionsarealwayssubjecttoerror.Standardizedtestsshouldbeconsideredinthiscontext.Theyprovideaquickobjectivemethodofgettingsomekindsofinformationaboutwhatapersonlearnedtheskillshehasdevelopedorthekindofpersonheis.Theinformationsoobtainedhasqualitativelythesameadvantagesandshortcomingsasotherkindsofinformation.73Whethertousetestsotherkindsofinformationorbothinaparticularsituationdependsthereforeupontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidityanduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.74Ingeneralthetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthequalitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefinedandleasteffectivelywhenwhatistobemeasuredorpredictedcannotbewelldefined.Properlyusedtheyprovidearapidmeansofgettingcomparableinformationaboutmanypeople.Sometimestheyidentifystudentswhosehighpotentialhasnotbeenpreviouslyrecognizedbuttherearemanythingstheydonotdo.75Forexampletheydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequalityandthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.SectionVWritingDirections:[A]Title:THE“PROJECTHOPE”[B]Timelimit:40minutes[C]Wordlimit:120-150wordsnotincludingthegivenopeningsentence[D]YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:“Educationplaysaveryimportantroleinthemodernizationofourcountry.”[E]YourcompositionmustbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.15pointsOUTLINE:
1.Presentsituation
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3.Mysuggestion1995年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary20pointsPartA5points
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71.把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的,因为在抨击这类测试时,批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当
72.这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实,这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性,以及解释这些信息的技能和才智
73.因此,在某一特定情况下,究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息,或是两者同时使用,须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定,也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素
74.一般地说,当所要测定的特征能很精确地界定时,测试最为有效;而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时,测试的效果则最差
75.例如,测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长的话,会有多大才干SectionV:Writing15points
76.参考范文(略)1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.5points
1.BythetimeyouarriveinLondonwe________inEuropefortwoweeks.[A]shallstay[B]havestayed[C]willhavestayed(C)[D]havebeenstaying
2.Iappreciated________theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.[A]havingbeengiven[B]havinggiven[C]tohavebeengiven(A)[D]tohavegiven
3.LivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasitsproblems________obtainingwaterisnottheleast.[A]ofwhich[B]forwhat[C]as(A)[D]whose
4.Theheartis________intelligentthanthestomachfortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.[A]notso[B]notmuch[C]muchmore(D)[D]nomore
5.________thefactthathisinitialexperimentshadfailedProf.Whitepersistedinhisresearch.[A]Becauseof[B]Asto[C]Inspiteof(C)[D]Inviewof
6.JeanWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatit________inareligiousaswellasworldlyframeofreference.[A]istobeanalyzed[B]hasbeenanalyzed[C]beanalyzed(C)[D]shouldhavebeenanalyzed
7.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolvedhadtheybeendonebyhand________allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.[A]couldlose[B]wouldhavelost[C]mightlose(B)[D]oughttohavelost
8.Nobreadeatenbymanissosweetas________earnedbyhisownlabour.[A]one[B]that[C]such(B)[D]what
9.Itisn’tcoldenoughforthere________afrosttonightsoIcanleaveJim’scaroutquitesafely.[A]wouldbe[B]being[C]was(D)[D]tobe
10.ScientistsgenerallyagreethattheEarth’sclimatewillwarmupoverthenext50to100years________ithaswarmedinthe20000yearssincetheIceAge.[A]aslongas[B]asmuchas[C]assoonas(B)[D]aswellasPartBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.5points
11.SimilarelementsintheprehistoricfrombothareasthatIndiansandtheirneighboursdistantbutrealconnectionsbefore1500B.C.([D]even)
12.Itsoonbecamethatinsteadoftosingshebetrainedtheastronomer’sassistant.([A]obvious)
13.Hethatthesolarsystemandtheuniverseintoexistenceanaturalprocessandoneday.([B]hadcome)
14.Themoonhasamassthatisnearlyonehundredtimesthan;theforcegravityatthemoon’ssurfaceisonlyone-sixthofthatattheearth’ssurface.([B]thatoftheearth)
15.“TheBunsenburnerisnamedbecauseitbyRobertBunsenwhowasGermanbirth.([C]tohavebeeninvented)
16.IhavetraveledIhaveneverseenanyoneherinthoroughness.([A]Muchas或Muchthough)
17.Theandtallgrassinthatyardthehouseasifitforquitesometime.([B]make)
18.thenatureoftheagingprocessbetterunderstoodthepossibilityamedicinethatcanblockthefundamentalprocessofagingveryremote.([A]Unless=if...not)
19.WhenIconsiderhowIcannothelpthatwillappreciatehisgift.([C]删去but或将believing改为believe)
20.AllenthatheandadmirationtheworkoftheBritisheconomistKeynes.([C]agreatinterestin)PartCDirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10points
21.Pleasedonotbe________byhisbadmannerssinceheismerelytryingtoattractattention.[A]disregarded[B]distorted[C]irritated(C)[D]intervened
22.Craigassuredhisbossthathewould________allhisenergiesindoingthisnewjob.[A]callforth[B]callat[C]callon(A)[D]calloff
23.Toomuch________toX-rayscancauseskinburnscancerorotherdamagetothebody.[A]disclosure[B]exhibition[C]contact(D)[D]exposure
24.Whenconfrontedwithsuchquestionsmymindgoes________andIcanhardlyremembermyowndateofbirth.[A]dim[B]blank[C]faint(B)[D]vain
25.Itiswellknownthatknowledgeisthat________conditionforexpansionofmind.[A]incompatible[B]incredible[C]indefinite(D)[D]indispensable
26.MorethantwohundredyearsagotheUnitedStates________fromtheBritishEmpireandbecomeanindependentcountry.[A]gotoff[B]pulleddown[C]brokeaway(C)[D]droppedoff
27.Careshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneis________loudcontinuousnoise.[A]subjectedto[B]filledwith[C]associatedwith(A)[D]attachedto
28.Someofthemostimportantconceptsinphysics________theirsuccesstothesemathematicalsystems.[A]oblige[B]owe[C]contribute(B)[D]attribute
29.Asyourinstructoradvisedyououghttospendyourtimeonsomething________researchinginto.[A]precious[B]worth[C]worthy(B)[D]valuable
30.Asadefenseagainstair-pollutiondamagemanyplantsandanimals________asubstancetoabsorbharmfulchemicals.[A]relieve[B]release[C]dismiss(B)[D]discard
31.Withoutthefrictionbetweentheirfeetandthegroundpeoplewould________beabletowalk.[A]innotime[B]byallmeans[C]innoway(C)[D]onanyaccount
32.WhiletypingHelenhasahabitofstopping________togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.[A]occasionally[B]simultaneously[C]eventually(A)[D]promptly
33.OnereasonforthesuccessesofAsianimmigrantsintheU.S.isthattheyhavetakengreat________toeducatetheirchildren.[A]efforts[B]pains[C]attempts(B)[D]endeavours
34.Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithmeheshould________hisownplanforimprovingthelivingconditionsofthesepeople.[A]puton[B]putout[C]putin(D)[D]putforward
35.IsupportyourdecisionbutIshouldalsomakeitclearthatIamnotgoingtobe________toit.[A]connected[B]fastened[C]bound(C)[D]stuck
36.TheEnglishlanguagecontainsan________ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.[A]altitude[B]latitude[C]multitude(C)[D]attitude
37.Inmyopinionyoucanwidenthe________oftheseimprovementsthroughyouractiveparticipation.[A]dimension[B]volume[C]magnitude(D)[D]scope
38.Yourimproperwordswillgive________todoubtsconcerningyourtrueintentions.[A]rise[B]reason[C]suspicion(A)[D]impulse
39.Thenewsitemaboutthefireisfollowedbyadetailedreportmade________.[A]onthespot[B]onthesite[C]onthelocation(A)[D]ontheground
40.Theremarkable________oflifeontheGalapagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.[A]classification[B]variety[C]density(B)[D]diversionSectionIIClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.10pointsThefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeakingthechoiceofwordsistheutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceofbreakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooftencarelessuseofwordsameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermayunfavorablereactionsinthelistenerinterferewithhiscomprehension;hencethetransmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymakedifficultforthelistenertounderstandthewhichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybetoexplainordescribeinathatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.
41.[A]of[B]at[C]for(A)[D]on
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50.[A]case[B]means[C]method(D)[D]waySectionIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.40pointsText1TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprisemarket-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmenstrivingtomakeprofitsproducethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotiveoperatingundercompetitivepressureslargelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.ThusintheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumerscoupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomesthattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomythismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystemaprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemandthepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.Ifontheotherhandproducingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscostthiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producerswhichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.ThuspriceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresourcesprivatepropertyandtheyarepermittedtohirelaborgaincontrolovernaturalresourcesandproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomytheconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrightsincludingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.
51.InLine8Paragraph1“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes”means________.[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased(D)[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes
52.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat________.[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction[B]consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts(D)[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices
53.Accordingtothepassageaprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby________.[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned[B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol[C]ownershipofproductiveresources(A)[D]freecontractsandprices
54.Thepassageismainlyabout________.[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks(C)[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofitsText2OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstoresrestaurantsandhotelsathomeacrossthecountryandevenabroadandtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomaticallymakingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocationswhetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe“cashlesssociety”isnotonthehorizon--it’salreadyhere.Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumerstheyhavemanyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecordsincludingwhosoldwhatwhenandtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficientallowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenowwhichtodevelopforthefutureandwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstockofrawmaterialsonhandandevenoftheproductionprocessitself.Numerousothercommercialenterprisesfromtheaterstomagazinepublishersfromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessorsbringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.
55.Accordingtothepassagethecreditcardenablesitsownerto________.[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper(B)[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto
56.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat________.[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash(C)[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore
57.Thephrase“ringupsales”Line3Para.2mostprobablymeans“________”.[A]makeanorderofgoods[B]recordsalesonacashregister[C]callthesalesmanager(B)[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock
58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.[B]Conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.(B)[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.Text3Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotentialtheireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildrenwefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattentionweareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety’sunderstanding--theknowledgehopesandfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengthstheweaknessesthehopestheprejudicesandthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizenswhatevertheirspecialconditionsdeservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We’vehearditmanytimesbutitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry’sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelawithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren--therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacitywhetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren--disabledornot--toanappropriateeducationandhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponseschoolsaremodifyingtheirprogramsadaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptionaltothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.
59.InParagraph2theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshowthat________.[A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthesociety[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildrenare[C]exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety(A)[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalchildren
60.Thereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernineducationisthat________.[A]theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesociety[B]theymightbecomeaburdenofthesociety[C]theyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotential(C)[D]disabledchildrendeservespecialconsideration
61.Thispassagemainlydealswith________.[A]thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities[B]thedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodernsociety[C]thespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildren(D)[D]thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren
62.Fromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptionalchildren________.[A]isnowenjoyinglegalsupport[B]disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountry[C]wasclearlystatedbythecountry’sfounders(A)[D]willexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisionsText4“Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe’llknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarise”saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberganexpertoncancer.“But”hecautions“somepeoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecausesthecurewillrapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteurhediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfectionsbutitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswereavailable.”Thisyear50percentofthe910000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.Intheyear2000theNationalCancerInstituteestimatesthatfigurewillbe75percent.Forsomeskincancersthefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatisticsarestilldiscouraging--13percentforlungcancerand2percentforcancerofthepancreas胰腺.Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistencediscoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970swhentheydiscoveredthatoncogeneswhicharecancer-causinggenes基因areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogenebuthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoactionthecellunabletoturnthemoffbecomescancerous.Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysteriousbutthelikelihoodthatmanycancersareinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers.“Changesareanormalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess”saysoncologistWilliamHayward.Environmentalfactorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout“Wecan’tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays.”Theprospectsforcurethoughstilldistantarebrighter.“Firstweneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself.Secondwehavetodeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworkswecancounteractitsaction.”
63.TheexampleofPasteurinthepassageisusedto________.[A]predictthatthesecretofcancerwillbedisclosedinadecade[B]indicatethattheprospectsforcuringcancerarebright[C]provethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosixtyyears(D)[D]warnthatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforecancercanbeconquered
64.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2000________.[A]therewillbeadrasticriseinthefive-yearsurvivalrateofskin-cancerpatients[B]90percentoftheskin-cancerpatientstodaywillstillbeliving[C]thesurvivalstatisticswillbefairlyevenamongpatientswithvariouscancers(D)[D]therewon’tbeadrasticincreaseofsurvivalrateofallcancerpatients
65.Oncogenesarecancer-causinggenes________.[A]thatarealwaysinoperationinahealthyperson[B]whichremainunharmfulsolongastheyarenotactivated[C]thatcanbedrivenoutofnormalcells(B)[D]whichnormalcellscan’tturnoff
66.Theword“dormant”inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans________.[A]dead[B]ever-present[C]inactive(C)[D]potentialText5Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds”tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnotaslegendwouldhaveitlookatthemold霉onapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal--andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovatorsandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideasbutinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirsandtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfancifulabstractionsprofessionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.“Creativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere’snoparticularvirtueindoingthingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone”wroteRudolphFleschalanguageauthority.Thisaccountsforourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:“Howcomenobodythoughtofthatbefore”Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovatorswillnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoBtheaveragepersonwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovatorwillsearchforalternatecourseswhichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemoreinterestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.
67.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtmind”inthefirstparagraph[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.[B]Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.[C]Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.(A)[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.
68.Accordingtotheauthorwhatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-innovators[A]Thevarietyofideastheyhave.[B]Theintelligencetheypossess.[C]Thewaytheydealwithproblems.(C)[D]Thewaytheypresenttheirfindings.
69.TheauthorquotesRudolphFleschinParagraph3because________.[A]RudolphFleschisthebest-knownexpertinthestudyofhumancreativity[B]thequotationstrengthenstheassertionthatcreativeindividualslookfornewwaysofdoingthings[C]thereaderisfamiliarwithRudolphFlesch’spointofview(B)[D]thequotationaddsanewideatotheinformationpreviouslypresented
70.Thephrase“marchtoadifferentdrummer”thelastlineofthepassagesuggeststhathighlycreativeindividualsare________.[A]diligentinpursuingtheirgoals[B]reluctanttofollowcommonwaysofdoingthings[C]devotedtotheprogressofsociety(B)[D]concernedabouttheadvanceofsocietySectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET
2.15pointsAccordingtothenewschoolofscientiststechnologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.71Sciencemovesforwardtheysaynotsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.72“Inshort”aleaderofthenewschoolcontends“thescientificrevolutionaswecallitwaslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.”73Overtheyearstoolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.ThemodernschoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileoNewtonMaxwellEinsteinandinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportancetoandderivedgreatbenefitfromcraftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.Thecenterpieceoftheargumentofatechnology-yesgenius-noadvocatewasananalysisofGalileo’sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemyanastronomerofthesecondcenturywhoseelaboratesystemoftheskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.74Galileo’sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheEarth.Buttherealheroofthestoryaccordingtothenewschoolofscientistswasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformakingeye-glasses.Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvs.geniusdispute.75WhethertheGovernment’sshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversa反之oftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.SectionVWritingDirections:[A]Title:ONMAKINGFRIENDS[B]Timelimit:40minutes[C]Wordlimit:120-150wordsnotincludingthegivenopeningsentence[D]YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:“Asahumanbeingonecanhardlydowithoutafriend.”[E]YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.15pointsOUTLINE:
1.Theneedforfriends
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3.Myprincipleinmakingfriends1994年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary20pointsPartA5points
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71.他们新学派科学家们说,科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识,不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西
72.新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说“简而言之,我们所称谓的科学革命,主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用,这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及”
73.工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了
74.伽里略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空,以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转,而不是围绕地球
75.政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入,还是相反,这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量SectionV:Writing15points
76.参考范文(略)1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachsentencedecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.15points
1.Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefiles________rightaway.[A]hadtobeprinted[B]shouldhavebeenprinted[C]mustbeprinted(D)[D]shouldbeprinted
2.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported________twenty-fiveyearsagowhenDr.Audonbecameitsfirstpresident.[A]tobesetup[B]beingsetup[C]tohavebeensetup(C)[D]havingbeensetup
3.TheschoolboardlistenedquietlyasJohnreadthedemandsthathisfollowers________for.[A]bedemonstrating[B]demonstrate[C]hadbeendemonstrating(C)[D]havedemonstrated
4.Tedhastoldmethathealwaysescapes________ashehasgotaveryfastsportscar.[A]tofine[B]tobefined[C]beingfined(C)[D]havingbeenfined
5.MorethanonethirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStatesliveinCalifornia________inSanFrancisco.[A]previously[B]predominantly[C]practically(B)[D]permanently
6.Prof.Lee’sbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.[A]thatyouhaveobserved[B]thathowyouhaveobserved[C]howthatyouhaveobserved(D)[D]howwhatyouhaveobserved
7.Allflights________becauseofthesnowstormwedecidedtotakethetrain.[A]werecanceled[B]hadbeencanceled[C]havingcanceled(D)[D]havingbeencanceled
8.Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably________reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithallthedetails.[A]concise[B]clear[C]precise(A)[D]elaborate
9.Withprices________somuchit’shardforthecompanytoplanabudget.[A]fluctuating[B]waving[C]swinging(A)[D]vibrating
10.Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersonto________healthy.[A]preserve[B]stay[C]maintain(B)[D]reserve
11.Expectednoisesareusuallymore________thanunexpectedonesofthelikemagnitude.[A]manageable[B]controllable[C]tolerable(C)[D]perceivable
12.Itisn’tsomuchwhetherheworkshard;thequestioniswhetherheworks________.[A]aboveall[B]inall[C]atall(C)[D]afterall
13.Thereisanincorrectassumptionamongscientistsandmedicalpeoplethateveryoneagrees________whatconstitutesabenefittoanindividual.[A]on[B]with[C]to(A)[D]in
14.Alltheinformationwehavecollectedinrelationtothatcase________verylittle.[A]makesupfor[B]addsupto[C]comesupwith(B)[D]putsupwith
15.Areallypowerfulspeakercan________thefeelingsoftheaudiencetothefeverofexcitement.[A]workout[B]workover[C]workat(D)[D]workup
16.Beforethestudentssetofftheyspentmuchtimesettingalimit________theexpensesofthetrip.[A]to[B]about[C]in(A)[D]for
17.AccordingtothepsychoanalystSigmundFreudwisdomcomesfromthe________ofmaturity.[A]fulfillment[B]achievement[C]establishment(B)[D]accomplishment
18.FromthetearsinNedra’seyeswecandeducethatsomethingsad________.[A]musthaveoccurred[B]wouldhaveoccurred[C]mightbeoccurring(A)[D]shouldoccur
19.YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeeting________youdon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.[A]provided[B]unless[C]though(A)[D]until
20.Hardlyamonthgoesbywithout________ofanothersurveyrevealingnewdepthsofscientificilliteracyamongU.S.citizens.[A]words[B]aword[C]theword(D)[D]word
21.Ifyou________JerryBrownuntilrecentlyyou’dthinkthephotographontherightwasstrange.[A]shouldn’tcontact[B]didn’tcontact[C]weren’ttocontact(D)[D]hadn’tcontacted
22.Someteenagersharborageneralizedresentmentagainstsocietywhich________themtherightsandprivilegesofadultsalthoughphysicallytheyaremature.[A]deprives[B]restricts[C]rejects(D)[D]denies
23.Imustgonow.________ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnexttime.[A]Incidentally[B]Accidentally[C]Occasionally(A)[D]Subsequently
24.Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake________theycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.[A]muchmorethan[B]nomorethan[C]nolessthan(D)[D]anymorethan
25.Though________inSanFranciscoDaveMitchellhadalwayspreferredtorecordtheplainfactsofsmall-townlife.[A]raised[B]grown[C]developed(A)[D]cultivated
26.Mostelectronicdevicesofthiskind________manufacturedforsuchpurposesaretightlypacked.[A]thatare[B]asare[C]whichis(B)[D]itis
27.Asforthewinteritisinconvenienttobecoldwithmostof________furnacefuelisallowedsavedforthedawn.[A]what[B]that[C]which(A)[D]such
28.AchievingahighdegreeofproficiencyinEnglishasaforeignlanguageisnotamysterious________withoutscientificbasic.[A]process[B]practice[C]procedure(A)[D]program
29.Wecannotalways________thewindsonewwindmillsshouldbesodesignedthattheycanalsobedrivenbywater.[A]hangon[B]counton[C]holdon(B)[D]comeon
30.Thestormsweepingoverthisareanowissuretocause________ofvegetablesinthecomingdays.[A]rarity[B]scarcity[C]invalidity(B)[D]varietySectionIIReadingComprehensionEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.30pointsText1IslanguagelikefoodabasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamagedJudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcenturyitmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertonguehetoldthenursestokeepsilent.Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmotheringinthefirstyearoflifeespeciallythecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Neverthelesssomechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfantwhosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglectedtheidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttimebuttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.ExpertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantagebuttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1000wordswhichhecanputintosentencesandatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman’sbraincomparedwiththatofthemonkeyisthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelofsayatoy-bearwiththesoundpattern“toy-bear.”Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhimtoanalyzetocombineandrecombinethepartsofalanguageinnewways.Butspeechhastobeinducedandthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechildwherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling咿呀学语graspingandsmilingandrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.
31.ThepurposeofFrederickII’sexperimentwas________.[A]toprovethatchildrenarebornwiththeabilitytospeak[B]todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumanspeech[C]tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak(B)[D]toprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage
32.Thereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostprobablythat________.[A]theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly[B]theyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageatonce[C]theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemptstospeak(C)[D]theirmothersarenotintelligentenoughtohelpthem
33.Whatisexceptionallyremarkableaboutachildisthat________.[A]heisbornwiththecapacitytospeak[B]hehasabrainmorecomplexthanananimal’s[C]hecanproducehisownsentences(C)[D]heoweshisspeechabilitytogoodnursing
34.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthepassage[A]Thefacultyofspeechisinborninman.[B]Encouragementisanythingbutessentialtoachildinlanguagelearning.[C]Thechild’sbrainishighlyselective.(B)[D]Mostchildrenlearntheirlanguageindefinitestages.
35.Ifachildstartstospeaklaterthanothershewillinfuture________.[A]haveahighIQ[B]belessintelligent[C]beinsensitivetoverbalsignals(D)[D]notnecessarilybebackwardText2Ingeneraloursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic官僚主义的managementinwhichmanbecomesasmallwell-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwageswell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusicandbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerlessthathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infacttheblue-andthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxiousnotonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjobtheyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain--bythepsychologistsforwhomtestingisabigbusinessandbytheirsuperiorswhojudgetheirbehaviorsociabilitycapacitytogetalongetc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstresstheverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalismCertainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities--thoseofloveandofreason--aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisendandshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.
36.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis________.[A]anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible[B]workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety[C]anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesocietythoughfunctioningsmoothly(C)[D]ahumblecomponentofthesocietyespeciallywhenworkingsmoothly
37.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat________.[A]theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs[B]theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife[C]theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence(D)[D]theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence
38.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose________.[A]whoareatthebottomofthesociety[B]whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus[C]whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors(D)[D]whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld
39.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould________.[A]resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors[B]offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees[C]enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities(C)[D]takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted
40.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof________.[A]approval[B]dissatisfaction[C]suspicion(B)[D]toleranceText3Whenaninventionismadetheinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingitkeeptheideasecretorpatentit.Agrantedpatentistheresultofabargainstruckbetweenaninventorandthestatebywhichtheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopoly垄断andpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiodterminates.Onlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstancesisthelifespanofapatentextendedtoalterthisnormalprocessofevents.ThelongestextensionevergrantedwastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitrywasextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent’snormallifetherewasnocolourTVtoreceiveandthusnohopeofrewardfortheinvention.Becauseapatentremainspermanentlypublicafterithasterminatedtheshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothepatentofficecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasthatarefreeforanyonetouseandifolderthanhalfacenturysometimesevenre-patent.Indeedpatentexpertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor’srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewisebecausepublicationofanideainanyotherformpermanentlyinvalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatideaitistraditionallysafetotakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmoderntechnologicaladvanceisbasedonthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost“new”ideasareinfactasoldasthehills.Itistheirreductiontocommercialpracticeeitherthroughnecessityordedicationorthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnologythatmakesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto
1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindtelevisionoriginatefromthelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.
41.Thepassageismainlyabout________.[A]anapproachtopatents[B]theapplicationforpatents[C]theuseofpatents(D)[D]theaccesstopatents
42.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage[A]Whenapatentbecomesoutofeffectitcanbere-patentedorextendedifnecessary.[B]Itisnecessaryforaninventortoapplyforapatentbeforehemakeshisinventionpublic.[C]Apatentholdermustpublicizethedetailsofhisinventionwhenitslegalperiodisover.(C)[D]Onecangetallthedetailsofapatentedinventionfromalibraryattachedtothepatentoffice.
43.GeorgeValensi’spatentlasteduntil1971because________.[A]nobodywouldofferanyrewardforhispatentpriortothattime[B]hispatentcouldnotbeputtouseforanunusuallylongtime[C]therewerenotenoughTVstationstoprovidecolourprogrammes(B)[D]thecolourTVreceiverwasnotavailableuntilthattime
44.Theword“plagiarize”Line8Para.5mostprobablymeans“________.”[A]stealanduse[B]giverewardto[C]makepublic(A)[D]takeandchange
45.Fromthepassagewelearnthat________.[A]aninventionwillnotbenefittheinventorunlessitisreducedtocommercialpractice[B]productsareactuallyinventionswhichweremadealongtimeago[C]itismuchcheapertobuyanoldpatentthananewone(A)[D]patentexpertsoftenrecommendpatentstoothersbyconductingasearchthroughdeadpatentsSectionIIIClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.15pointsAlthoughinteriordesignhasexistedsincethebeginningofarchitectureitsdevelopmentintoaspecializedfieldisreallyquiterecent.Interiordesignershavebecomeimportantpartlybecauseofthemanyfunctionsthatmightbeinasinglelargebuilding.Theimportanceofinteriordesignbecomeswhenwerealizehowmuchtimewesurroundedbyfourwalls.Wheneverweneedtobeindoorswewantoursurroundingstobeattractiveandcomfortableaspossible.Wealsoexpectplacetobeappropriatetoitsuse.Youwouldbeiftheinsideofyourbedroomweresuddenlychangedtolooktheinsideofarestaurant.Andyouwouldn’tfeelinabusinessofficethathastheappearanceofaschool.Itsoonbecomesclearthattheinteriordesigner’smostimportantbasicisthefunctionoftheparticular.Forexampleatheaterwithpoorsightlinespoorsound-shapingqualitiesandfewentriesandexitswillnotworkforpurposenomatterhowbeautifullyitmightbe.Neverthelessforanykindofspacethedesignerhastomakemanyofthesamekindof.Heorshemustcoordinatetheshapeslightinganddecorationofeverythingfromceilingtofloor.additionthedesignermustusuallyselectfurnitureordesignbuilt-infurnitureaccordingtothefunctionsthatneedtobeserved.
46.[A]consisted[B]contained[C]composed(B)[D]comprised
47.[A]obscure[B]attractive[C]appropriate(D)[D]evident
48.[A]spend[B]require[C]settle(A)[D]retain
49.[A]so[B]as[C]thus(B)[D]such
50.[A]some[B]any[C]this(D)[D]each
51.[A]amused[B]interested[C]shocked(C)[D]frightened
52.[A]like[B]for[C]at(A)[D]into
53.[A]correct[B]proper[C]right(C)[D]suitable
54.[A]care[B]concern[C]attention(B)[D]intention
55.[A]circumstance[B]environment[C]surroundings(D)[D]space
56.[A]too[B]quite[C]a(A)[D]far
57.[A]their[B]its[C]those(B)[D]that
58.[A]painted[B]covered[C]ornamented(D)[D]decorated
59.[A]solutions[B]conclusions[C]decisions(C)[D]determinations
60.[A]For[B]In[C]As(B)[D]WithSectionIVError-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.ThenwithoutalteringthemeaningofthesentencewritedownyourcorrectiononthelineontheANSWERSHEET.10pointsEXAMPLE:foreignvisitorsweretotheindustrialexhibitiontheymanynewproducts.Answer[C]iswrongbecausethesentenceshouldread“Anumberofforeignvisitorsweretakentotheindustrialexhibitionwheretheysawmanynewproducts.”Soyoushouldchoose[C]andwritethecorrection“where”ontheline.SampleAnswer[A][B][●][D]where
61.Hecannottellthedifferencebetweenpraiseandstatementsonlytohisfavor.([C]made)
62.Theywanttoexposethosedisadvantagedstudentstocreativeeducationalforaperiod.([A]educationally)
63.Thechangesthatplaceinairtravelthelastsixtyyearscompletelyimpossibletoeventhemostbrilliantscientiststheturnofthe19thcentury.([A]havetaken)
64.Idon’tthinkadvisablethathetothejobsincehehasexperience.([B]shouldbeassigned)
65.Beethoventhegreatmusicianninesymphoniesinhislifemostofthemafterhehis.([B]written)
66.Mr.Jankinregrettedhissecretarythemistakehelateritwashisownfault.([A]havingblamed)
67.theinfluenceofcomputerizationnowheretheresultsmoreclearlythanwhichreallyusall.([B]haveweseen)
68.morecarethecompositionofnewspaperandmagazineadvertisementsthanofandeditorials.([C]intothewriting)
69.Itisrequiredbylawthatahusbandthedebtsofhiswifeformalnoticeisgivenhenolongerhas.([D]topaythem)
70.theyearsalargenumberofoverseasstudentsatthatuniversitythatacquiredsubstantialexperienceindealingwiththem.([C]withtheresult)SectionVEnglish-ChineseTranslationReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.15points71Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanation.Thereisnomoredifferencebutthereisjustthesamekindofdifferencebetweenthementaloperationsofamanofscienceandthoseofanordinarypersonasthereisbetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerorofabutcherweighingouthisgoodsincommonscalesandtheoperationsofachemistinperformingadifficultandcomplexanalysisbymeansofhisbalanceandfinelygradedweights.72Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecaseandthebalanceintheotherdifferintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.YouwillunderstandthisbetterperhapsifIgiveyousomefamiliarexamples.73Youhaveallhearditrepeatedthatmenofscienceworkbymeansofinduction归纳法anddeductionthatbythehelpoftheseoperationstheyinasortofsensemanagetoextractfromNaturecertainnaturallawsandthatoutofthesebysomespecialskilloftheirowntheybuilduptheirtheories.74Anditisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocessesandthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.Tohearalltheselargewordsyouwouldthinkthatthemindofamanofsciencemustbeconstituteddifferentlyfromthatofhisfellowmen;butifyouwillnotbefrightenedbytermsyouwilldiscoverthatyouarequitewrongandthatalltheseterribleapparatusarebeingusedbyyourselveseverydayandeveryhourofyourlives.Thereisawell-knownincidentinoneofMoliere’splayswheretheauthormakestheheroexpressunboundeddelightonbeingtoldthathehadbeentalkingprose散文duringthewholeofhislife.InthesamewayItrustthatyouwilltakecomfortandbedelightedwithyourselvesonthediscoverythatyouhavebeenactingontheprinciplesofinductiveanddeductivephilosophyduringthesameperiod.75Probablythereisnotoneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionacomplextrainofreasoningoftheverysamekindthoughdifferingindegreeasthatwhichascientificmangoesthroughintracingthecausesofnaturalphenomena.SectionVIWritingDirections:[A]Title:ADVERTISEMENTONTV[B]Timelimit:40minutes[C]Wordlimit:120-150wordsnotincludingthegivenopeningsentence[D]YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:“TodaymoreandmoreadvertisementsareseenontheTVscreen.”[E]YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.15pointsOUTLINE:
1.Presentstate
2.Reasons
3.Mycomments1993年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary15points
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61.[C]made
62.[A]educationally
63.[A]havetaken
64.[B]shouldbeassigned
65.[B]written
66.[A]havingblamed
67.[B]haveweseen
68.[C]intothewriting
69.[D]topaythem
70.[C]withtheresultSectionV:English-ChineseTranslation15points
71.科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式,也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式
72.这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理或工作方式上存在差别,而是说与前者相比,后者是一种更精密得多的装置,因而在计量上必然更准确得多
73.你们都多次听说过,科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的,他们用这些方法,在某种意义上说,力求从自然界找出某些自然规律,然后他们根据这些规律,用自己的某种非同一般的本领,建立起他们的理论
74.许多人以为,普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比,认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握
75.在座的诸位中,大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动,这些思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动,尽管复杂程度不同,但在类型上是完全一样的SectionVI:Writing15points
76.参考范文(略)1992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachsentencedecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.15points
1.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto________wantstohaveit.[A]whomever[B]someone[C]whoever(C)[D]anyone
2.Afterhavinggone________farGeorgedidnotwanttoturnback.[A]enough[B]much[C]such(D)[D]that
3.________allourkindnesstohelpherSarahrefusedtolistentous.[A]At[B]For[C]In(B)[D]On
4.Richarddoesn’tthinkhecouldever________whatiscalled“free-style”poetry.[A]takeon[B]takeover[C]taketo(C)[D]takeafter
5.Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwives________inthehome.[A]worked[B]wouldwork[C]work(C)[D]wereworking
6.Idon’twanttolendanymoremoneytohim;he’salreadyindebt________me.[A]to[B]for[C]of(A)[D]with
7.Thebusinessofeachday________sellinggoodsorshippingthemwentquitesmoothly.[A]itbeing[B]beit[C]wasit(B)[D]itwas
8.Careydidn’tgotothepartylastnightbecauseshe________thebabyforhersisteruntil9:
30.[A]musthavelookedafter[B]wouldhavetolookafter[C]hadtolookafter(C)[D]shouldhavelookedafter
9.________hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.[A]Ashelikeshermuch[B]Muchthoughhelikesher[C]Thoughmuchhelikesher(D)[D]Muchashelikesher
10.CaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand________bythesamefederallaws.[A]stand[B]conform[C]abide(C)[D]sustain
11.Thevocabularyofanytechnicaldiscussionmayincludewordswhichareneverusedoutsidethesubjectorfield________.[A]inview[B]inquestion[C]incase(B)[D]ineffect
12.Thelong-awaitedHubbleSpaceTelescope________toorbittheEarthnextMarchwillobservesomeoftheoldeststarsinthesky.[A]subject[B]owing[C]available(D)[D]due
13.________oftheburdenoficetheballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.[A]Tobefree[B]Freeing[C]Tofree(D)[D]Freed
14.Thepatienthasbeen________ofthesafetyoftheoperation.[A]assured[B]guaranteed[C]entrusted(A)[D]confirmed
15.Willyou________thispassagetoseeifthereisanymisprint[A]lookup[B]goover[C]dwellon(B)[D]workout
16.Thepatientsbelievethatthedoctorknowsexactlyhowtoputthem________.[A]correct[B]straight[C]right(C)[D]well
17.Althoughhethoughthewashelpinguspreparethedinnerhewasactually________theway.[A]in[B]by[C]off(A)[D]on
18.Ifwebelievesomethingisgoodandtrueweshould________toit.[A]holdup[B]keepon[C]holdon(C)[D]keepup
19.________morethan200housesandbuildingsareheatedbysolarenergynottomentionthebigcitiesintheregion.[A]Aloneinthesmalltown[B]Inthesmallalonetown[C]Inthealonesmalltown(D)[D]Inthesmalltownalone
20.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper________inbroaddaylightyesterday.[A]toberobbed[B]robbed[C]tohavebeenrobbed(C)[D]havingbeenrobbed
21.Theengineersaregoingthroughwiththeirhighwayproject________theexpenseshaverisen.[A]eventhough[B]justbecause[C]nowthat(A)[D]asthough
22.Althoughwehadtoldthemnottokeepuswaitingtheymadeno________tospeedupdeliveries.[A]trial[B]attempt[C]action(B)[D]progress
23.Waterwillcontinuetobe________itistoday--nextinimportancetooxygen.[A]how[B]which[C]as(D)[D]what
24.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelectionhe________ourchairmannow.[A]musthavebeen[B]wouldhavebeen[C]were(D)[D]wouldbe
25.Stressfulenvironmentsleadtounhealthybehaviorssuchaspooreatinghabitswhich________increasetheriskofheartdisease.[A]inturn[B]inreturn[C]bychance(A)[D]byturns
26.Thetouristispreventedfromenteringacountryifhedoesnothave________passport.[A]anoperative[B]avalid[C]anefficient(B)[D]aneffective
27.IliketogotothecinemawhenIaminthe________forit.[A]motive[B]mind[C]mood(C)[D]notion
28.Theprojectrequiresmorelaborthan________.[A]hasbeenputin[B]havebeenputin[C]beingputin(A)[D]tobeputin
29.Circustigersalthoughtheyhavebeentamedcan________attacktheirtrainer.[A]unexpectedly[B]deliberately[C]reluctantly(A)[D]subsequently
30.Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer________inthetropicalforestwouldfindhiswaythroughit.[A]tobedeserted[B]havingdeserted[C]tohavebeendeserted(D)[D]havingbeendesertedSectionIIReadingComprehensionEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.30pointsText1Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjamsthecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlifebutmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisverywellagaintohaveatigerinthetankbuttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hogtherudeandinconsideratedriverbutnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaignotherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmannersbutgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhandalittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.Howevermisplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtrafficwhenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.Aveterandriverwhosemannersarefaultlesstoldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunatelymodernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodriveletalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.
31.Accordingtothispassagetroublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby________.[A]people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hog[B]therhythmofmodernlife[C]thebehaviorofthedriver(C)[D]trafficconditions
32.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.”Para.1impliesthat________.[A]oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists[B]rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally[C]thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog(D)[D]nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists
33.By“goodsense”thewritermeans________.[A]thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably[B]thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions[C]thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior(A)[D]thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations
34.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion________.[A]roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice[B]driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother[C]driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves(B)[D]driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers
35.Inthewriter’sopinion________.[A]stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded[B]driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly[C]rudedriversshouldbepunished(B)[D]driversshouldavoidtrafficjamsText2Intheatmospherecarbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror--theglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.Accordingtoaweatherexpert’spredictiontheatmospherewillbe3℃warmerintheyear2050thanitistodayifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplacetheicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomeltthusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Alsotheincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemispherepossiblyresultinginanalterationofearth’schieffood-growingzones.Inthepastconcernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarcticwhichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwordsbyawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.Howevermostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemispherewheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconcludethereforethatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:WhichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweatherOnepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spotsthatistherelativelylesshotspotsonthesun.Asthesunrotatesevery
27.5daysitpresentshotteror“colder”facestotheearthanddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressureandconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincyclesthelatesttrendbeingdownward.Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyearsincludingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertia惯性oftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisrightthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.
36.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould________.[A]preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface[B]meanawarmingupintheArctic[C]accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere(D)[D]raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface
37.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain________.[A]thegreenhouseeffect[B]thesolareffectsontheearth[C]themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions(D)[D]thecausesaffectingweather
38.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemispheretemperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis________.[A]mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising[B]possiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting[C]exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate(D)[D]partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy
39.Onthebasisoftheirmodelsscientistsareoftheopinionthat________.[A]theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler[B]itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect[C]theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects(A)[D]thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect
40.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect________.[A]thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels[B]icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere[C]theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly(D)[D]thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearthText3Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:thatinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.ThereisprobablysometruthinbothargumentsbutinrecentyearstheOlympicGameshavedonelittletosupporttheviewthatsportsencouragesinternationalbrotherhood.NotonlywastherethetragicincidentinvolvingthemurderofathletesbuttheGameswerealsoruinedbylesserincidentscausedprincipallybyminornationalcontests.Onecountryreceiveditssecond-placemedalswithvisibleindignationafterthehockey曲棍球final.Therehadbeennoisyscenesattheendofthehockeymatchthelosersobjectingtothefinaldecisions.Theywereconvincedthatoneoftheirgoalsshouldnothavebeendisallowedandthattheiropponents’victorywasunfair.Theirmanagerwasinaragewhenhesaid:“Thiswasn’thockey.HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederationarefinished.”ThepresidentoftheFederationsaidlaterthatsuchbehaviorcouldresultinthesuspensionoftheteamforatleastthreeyears.TheAmericanbasketballteamannouncedthattheywouldnotyieldfirstplacetoRussiaafteradisputableendtotheircontest.Thegamehadendedindisturbance.ItwasthoughtatfirstthattheUnitedStateshadwonbyasinglepointbutitwasannouncedthattherewerethreesecondsstilltoplay.ARussianplayerthenthrewtheballfromoneendofthecourttotheotherandanotherplayerpoppeditintothebasket.ItwasthefirsttimetheUSAhadeverlostanOlympicbasketballmatch.Anappealjurydebatedthematterforfourandahalfhoursbeforeannouncingthattheresultwouldstand.TheAmericanplayersthenvotednottoreceivethesilvermedals.Incidentsofthiskindwillcontinueaslongassportisplayedcompetitivelyratherthanfortheloveofthegame.Thesuggestionthatathletesshouldcompeteasindividualsorinnon-nationalteamsmightbetoomuchtohopefor.ButinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicsthereisfartoomuchthatencouragesaggressivepatriotism.
41.AccordingtotheauthorrecentOlympicGameshave________.[A]createdgoodwillbetweenthenations[B]bredonlyfalsenationalpride[C]barelyshowedanyinternationalfriendship(C)[D]ledtomoreandmoremisunderstandingandhatred
42.Whatdidthemanagermeanbysaying“...HockeyandtheInternationalHockeyFederationarefinished”[A]Histeamwouldnolongertakepartininternationalgames.[B]HockeyandtheFederationarebothruinedbytheunfairdecisions.[C]ThereshouldbenomorehockeymatchesorganizedbytheFederation.(B)[D]TheFederationshouldbedissolved.
43.Thebasketballexampleimpliedthat________.[A]toomuchpatriotismwasdisplayedintheincident[B]theannouncementtoprolongthematchwaswrong[C]theappealjurywastoohesitantinmakingthedecision(A)[D]theAmericanteamwasrightinrejectingthesilvermedals
44.TheauthorgivesthetwoexamplesinParagraphs2and3toshow________.[A]howfalsenationalprideledtoundesirableincidentsininternationalgames[B]thatsportsmenhavebeenmoreobedientthantheyusedtobe[C]thatcompetitivenessinthegamesdiscouragesinternationalfriendship(C)[D]thatunfairdecisionsarecommoninOlympicGames
45.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage[A]TheorganizationoftheOlympicGamesmustbeimproved.[B]AthletesshouldcompeteasindividualintheOlympicGames.[C]Sportshouldbeplayedcompetitivelyratherthanfortheloveofthegame.(A)[D]Internationalcontestsareliableformisunderstandingbetweennations.SectionIIIClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.15pointsThekeytotheindustrializationofspaceistheU.S.spaceshuttle.itastronautswillacquireaworkhousevehicleofflyingintospaceandreturningmanytimes.byreusablerocketsthatcanliftaloadof65000poundstheshuttlewillcarrydevicesforscientificinquiryasasavarietyofmilitaryhardware.moresignificantlyitwillmaterialsandmachinesintospaceforindustrialpurposestwodecadesagowhen“sputnik”artificialsatellitewastothevocabulary.Inshorttheimportanceoftheshuttleliesinitsasaneconomictool.Whatmakesthespaceshuttleisthatittakesofflikearocketbutlandslikeanairplane.whenithasaccomplisheditsitcanbereadyfortripinabouttwoweeks.Thespaceshuttletheworld’sfirsttruespaceshipisamagnificentstepmakingtheimpossiblepossibleforthebenefitandsurvivalofman.
46.[A]In[B]On[C]By(D)[D]With
47.[A]capable[B]suitable[C]efficient(A)[D]fit
48.[A]Served[B]Powered[C]Forced(B)[D]Reinforced
49.[A]far[B]well[C]much(B)[D]long.
50.[A]Then[B]Or[C]But(C)[D]So
51.[A]supply[B]introduce[C]deliver(C)[D]transfer
52.[A]unimagined[B]unsettled[C]uncovered(A)[D]unsolved
53.[A]attributed[B]contributed[C]applied(D)[D]added
54.[A]general[B]essential[C]prevailing(D)[D]ultimate
55.[A]promise[B]prosperity[C]popularity(A)[D]priority
56.[A]exceptional[B]strange[C]unique(C)[D]rare
57.[A]Thus[B]Whereas[C]Nevertheless(A)[D]Yet
58.[A]venture[B]mission[C]commission(B)[D]responsibility
59.[A]new[B]another[C]certain(B)[D]subsequent
60.[A]for[B]by[C]in(C)[D]throughSectionIVError-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.ThenwithoutalteringthemeaningofthesentencewritedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.10points
61.YoungreadersmoreoftenthanfindthenovelsDickensmoreexcitingthan.([D]Thackery’s)
62.Peoplecannotfeelunderstandhowhesuchastupidmistake.([B]puzzled)
63.NowherebutinEuropetheresultswhichreally.([A]haveweseen)
64.Theamountofthematerialsaretothequalityoftheproducts.([D]affects)
65.Iregretthework;Ieverythingcarefully.([C]shouldhaveplanned)
66.Theproblemofunemploymentgovernmentswantisasseriousasinthesecountries.([C]ever)
67.Manyspeciescancommunicateanamountofinformationsoundinformationboththelifeofanindividualandtheexistenceofthespeciesmaydepend.([C]onwhich)
68.Itwasnotthemanyblowshereceivedthelackofspiritthatledtothegame.([B]as)
69.Thosepart-timestudentsexpectedsomejobscampusthesummervacation.([A]tobeoffered)
70.productionupsteadilythefactoryneedsansupplyrawmaterials.([B]going)SectionVEnglish-ChineseTranslationReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.15points“Intelligence”atbestisanassumptiveconstruct--themeaningofthewordhasneverbeenclear.71Thereismoreagreementonthekindsofbehaviorreferredtobythetermthanthereisonhowtointerpretorclassifythem.Butitisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadilymakedistinctionsreasonlogicallyandmakeuseofverbalandmathematicalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Anintelligencetestisaroughmeasureofachild’scapacityforlearningparticularlyforlearningthekindsofthingsrequiredinschool.Itdoesnotmeasurecharactersocialadjustmentphysicalendurancemanualskillsorartisticabilities.Itisnotsupposedto--itwasnotdesignedforsuchpurposes.72Tocriticizeitforsuchfailureisroughlycomparabletocriticizingathermometerfornotmeasuringwindvelocity.Theotherthingwehavetonoticeisthattheassessmentoftheintelligenceofanysubjectisessentiallyacomparativeaffair.73Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematterwemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa“valid”or“fair”comparison.Itisherethatsomeofthedifficultieswhichinterestusbegin.Anytestperformedinvolvesatleastthreefactors:theintentiontodoone’sbesttheknowledgerequiredforunderstandingwhatyouhavetodoandtheintellectualabilitytodoit.74Thefirsttwomustbeequalforallwhoarebeingcomparedifanycomparisonintermsofintelligenceistobemade.Inschoolpopulationsinourculturetheseassumptionscanbemadefairandreasonableandthevalueofintelligencetestinghasbeenprovedthoroughly.Itsvalueliesofcourseinitsprovidingasatisfactorybasisforprediction.Nooneisintheleastinterestedinthemarksalittlechildgetsonhistest;whatweareinterestediniswhetherwecanconcludefromhismarkonthetestthatthechildwilldobetterorworsethanotherchildrenofhisageattaskswhichwethinkrequire“generalintelligence.”75Onthewholesuchaconclusioncanbedrawnwithacertaindegreeofconfidencebutonlyifthechildcanbeassumedtohavehadthesameattitudetowardsthetestastheotherswithwhomheisbeingcomparedandonlyifhewasnotpunishedbylackofrelevantinformationwhichtheypossessed.SectionVIWritingDIRECTIONS:[A]Title:FORABETTERUNDERSTANDINGBETWEENPARENTANDCHILD[B]Timelimit:40minutes[C]Wordlimit:120-150wordsnotincludingthegivenopeningsentence[D]YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence.[E]YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyintheANSWERSHEET.15pointsOUTLINE:
1.Presentsituation:Lackofcommunicationbetweenparentandchild
2.Possiblereasons:1Differentlikesanddislikes2Misunderstanding3Others
3.Suggestions:1Forparents2Forchildren1992年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary15points
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65.[C]shouldhaveplanned
66.[C]ever
67.[C]onwhich
68.[B]as
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70.[B]goingSectionV:English-ChineseTranslation15points
71.人们对智力这个词所指的不同表现意见比较一致,而对这些表现如何解释或分类则有不同的看法
72.批评智力测试不反映上述情况,犹如批评温度计不能测风速一样
73.既然对智力的评估是比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较
74.如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话,那么对所有被比较者来说,前两个因素必须是一样的
75.总的来说,得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的,但是必须具备两个条件能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同;他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的有关知识而受影响SectionVI:Writing15points
76.参考范文ForABetterUnderstandingBetweenParentAndChildNowadaysthereisoftenalackofunderstandingbetweenparentandchild.Onegenerationoftenfeelsthatitsstyleoflifeisdifferentfromanothergeneration’sstyle.Thefeelingthateachfamilyunitshouldhaveaseparateresidenceischaracteristic.Noonewantstointrudeorbeintrudedupon.Bothparentsandchildfeelthattheother’spresencewouldupsetandchangethenormalroutine.Oneofthereasonsforpresentsituationisthattherearedifferentlikesanddislikesbetweenparentsandchild.Forexamplethechildlikesglitteringdiscorock-and-rollmusicorlovesmoviesforhisentertainmentatnightwhiletheparentslikepeacefulenvironmentandphysicalexercises.Theywouldliketospendtheireveningsoflifeinhappiness.Secondlythereoftenexistsmisunderstandingbetweenparentandchild.Thechilddoesn’tknowwhathisparentthinksandactswhiletheparentdoesn’tunderstandwhathischildrenwanttodo.Ingeneralyoungpeopleenjoyagreatdealoffreedomwhiletheirparentsalwayskeeptheirtraditionalstyleoflife.Thirdlychildrenoftendonotfeelanequalshareofresponsibilitytowardtheirparents.Forexampleabrothersometimesfeelsthathissistersareresponsibleforphysicalcareoftheirparents.Onechildmayresentanother’sreluctancetohelpprovokingmisunderstandingandbitterness.Notallofthechildrenmaybefinanciallycapableofcontributinganequalsharetothecostoftheirparent’scare.Iarguethatitisunfairtosaythattheyareself-centered.Parentandchildshouldoftencommunicateeachother.Bydiscoveringthingsaboutbothsidestheycaninteractmuchbetterandhelpeachothertodealwiththeirproblemsforabetterunderstandingbetweenparentsandchild.1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachsentencedecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.15points
1.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand________mademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall.[A]that[B]it[C]what(C)[D]which
2.________myreturnIlearnedthatProfessorSmithhadbeenattheMuseumandwouldnotbebackforseveralhours.[A]At[B]On[C]With(B)[D]During
3.Anyonewhohasspenttimewithchildrenisawareofthedifferenceinthewayboysandgirlsrespondto________situations.[A]similar[B]alike[C]same(A)[D]likely
4.Thereisnotmuchtimeleft;soI’lltellyouaboutit________.[A]indetail[B]inbrief[C]inshort(B)[D]inall
5.Inthisfactorysuggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully________.[A]admitted[B]acknowledged[C]absorbed(D)[D]considered
6.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened________asuddenloudnoise.[A]beingthere[B]shouldtherebe[C]therewas(B)[D]therehavingbeen
7.Bytheyear2000scientistsprobably________acureforcancer.[A]willbediscovering[B]arediscovering[C]willhavediscovered(C)[D]havediscovered
8.Jimisn’t________buthedidbadlyinthefinalexamslastsemester.[A]gloomy[B]dull[C]awkward(B)[D]tedious
9.Theboyslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithouthisparents’________.[A]command[B]conviction[C]consent(C)[D]compromise
10.Hehad________onthesubject.[A]aratherstrongopinion[B]ratherstrongopinion[C]ratherthestrongopinion(A)[D]theratherstrongopinion
11.WhenJanefelloffthebiketheotherchildren________.[A]werenotabletohelplaughter[B]couldnothelpbutlaughing[C]couldnothelplaughing(C)[D]couldnothelptolaugh
12.Itisbettertodieonone’sfeetthan________.[A]livingonone’sknees[B]liveonone’sknees[C]onone’sknees(D)[D]toliveonone’sknees
13.Themostimportant________ofhisspeechwasthatweshouldallworkwholeheartedlyforthepeople.[A]element[B]spot[C]sense(D)[D]point
14.Thiswatchis________toalltheotherwatchesonthemarket.[A]superior[B]advantageous[C]super(A)[D]beneficial
15.Inatyphoonwinds________aspeedgreaterthan120kilometersperhour.[A]assume[B]accomplish[C]attain(C)[D]assemble
16.________theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.[A]Inspiteof[B]Butfor[C]Becauseof(B)[D]Asfor
17.Mary________myletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.[A]hasreceived[B]oughttohavereceived[C]couldn’thavereceived(C)[D]shouldn’thavereceived
18.________tospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.[A]Hardlyhadhebegun[B]Nosoonerhadhebegun[C]Notuntilhebegan(A)[D]Scarcelydidhebegin
19.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefictioncompletely________totheoutsideworld.[A]beinglost[B]havinglost[C]losing(D)[D]lost
20.Thepolicemenwentintoaction________theyheardthealarm.[A]promptly[B]presently[C]quickly(D)[D]directly
21.ThelostcaroftheLeeswasfound________inthewoodsoffthehighway.[A]vanished[B]abandoned[C]scattered(B)[D]rejected
22.Dresswarmly________you’llcatchcold.[A]onthecontrary[B]orrather[C]orelse(C)[D]innoway
23.Ourresearchhasfocusedonadrugwhichisso________astobeabletochangebrainchemistry.[A]powerful[B]influential[C]monstrous(A)[D]vigorous
24.Bobwascompletely________bytherobber’sdisguise.[A]takenaway[B]takendown[C]takento(D)[D]takenin
25.Difficultiesandhardshipshave________thebestqualitiesoftheyounggeologist.[A]broughtout[B]broughtabout[C]broughtforth(A)[D]broughtup
26.Ourmoderncivilizationmustnotbethoughtofas________inashortperiodoftime.[A]beingcreated[B]tohavebeencreated[C]havingbeencreated(C)[D]tobecreated
27.Eveniftheyareonsaletheserefrigeratorsareequalinpricetoifnotmoreexpensivethan________attheotherstore.[A]anyone[B]theothers[C]that(D)[D]theones
28.Thebankmanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimto________theinvestmentplanwithinaweek.[A]workout[B]putout[C]makeout(A)[D]setout
29.Heknowslittleofmathematicsand________ofchemistry.[A]evenmore[B]stillless[C]noless(B)[D]stillmore
30.Thestudentsexpectedthere________morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexam.[A]is[B]being[C]havebeen(D)[D]tobeSectionIIReadingComprehensionEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.30pointsText1Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.SoasapoliceofficerIhavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.AkeyingredientisdisappearingandIthinkIknowwhatitis:accountability.Accountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether--honestykindnessandsoon--accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutittherecanbenorespectnotrustnolaw--andultimatelynosociety.Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuseorhaveneverlearnedtoimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknowsexternalcontrolsonpeople’sbehaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguiltshameandembarrassment.Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities--smallertownsusually--whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:“Inthisfamilycertainthingsarenottolerated--theysimplyarenotdone!”Yetmoreandmoreespeciallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbstheseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewantsincludingyourlifeifyouenragehim.Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsagoifacrimewascommittedsocietywasconsideredthevictim.Nowinashockingreversalit’sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhisunderprivilegedupbringingbytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoreadbythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidancebytheparentswhodidn’tprovideastablehome.Idon’tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminalevenpartlyfromaccountabilitywebecomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.
31.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat________.[A]it’sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevil[B]it’scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutit[C]it’sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevil(B)[D]it’sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil
32.Accordingtotheauthorifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime________.[A]societyistobeheldresponsible[B]moderncivilizationisresponsibleforit[C]thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame(C)[D]thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved
33.Comparedwiththoseinsmalltownspeopleinlargecitieshave________.[A]lessself-discipline[B]bettersenseofdiscipline[C]moremutualrespect(A)[D]lesseffectivegovernment
34.Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat________.[A]peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals[B]peopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandards[C]today’ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty(A)[D]peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivities
35.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat________.[A]stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamilies[B]moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow[C]morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople’sbehavior(D)[D]morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountabilityText2Theperiodofadolescencei.e.theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthoodmaybelongorshortdependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftimewhileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabortheperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermorethelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.ExamplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcenturyintheUnitedStatesandmoreuniversallytheindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.Inmodernsocietyceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexamplegradeschoolgraduationhighschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequenceandwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognitionthesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationalambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusrolesrightsprivilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrainairplanetheaterandmovietickets.Basicallytheindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantadultrights.Attheageofsixteentheadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreaseshissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver’slicense;hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageofeighteenthelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldierbuthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageoftwenty-onetheindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcanvotehecanbuyliquorhecanenterintofinancialcontractsandheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatushasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.
36.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause________.[A]thedefinitionofmaturityhaschanged[B]theindustrializedsocietyismoredeveloped[C]moreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremade(C)[D]ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificance
37.Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto________.[A]graduationsfromschoolsandcolleges[B]socialrecognition[C]socio-economicstatus(A)[D]certainbehavioralchanges
38.Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis________.[A]elevenyearsold[B]sixteenyearsold[C]twenty-oneyearsold(C)[D]betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsold
39.Startingfrom22________.[A]onewillobtainmorebasicrights[B]theolderonebecomesthemorebasicrightshewillhave[C]onewon’tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21(C)[D]onewillenjoymorerightsgrantedbysociety
40.Accordingtothepassageitistruethat________.[A]inthelate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandadulthoodnolongerexisted[B]noonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-one[C]oneisconsideredtohavereachedadulthoodwhenhehasadriver’slicense(A)[D]oneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmyText3Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.Barneshassuggestedthatitisaspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocallahousecomposedmainlyofbrickabrickbuilding.Certainitisthatallessentialprocessesofplantgrowthanddevelopmentoccurinwater.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthesoilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.Theyarecarriedtoallpartsofthegrowingplantandarebuiltintoessentialplantmaterialswhileinadissolvedstate.ThecarbondioxideCO2fromtheairmayentertheleafasagasbutisdissolvedinwaterintheleafbeforeitiscombinedwithapartofthewatertoformsimplesugars--thebasematerialfromwhichtheplantbodyismainlybuilt.Activelygrowingplantpartsaregenerally75to90percentwater.Structuralpartsofplantssuchaswoodystemsnolongeractivelygrowingmayhavemuchlesswaterthangrowingtissues.Theactualamountofwaterintheplantatanyonetimehoweverisonlyaverysmallpartofwhatpassesthroughitduringitsdevelopment.Theprocessesofphotosynthesisbywhichcarbondioxideandwaterarecombined--inthepresenceofchlorophyll叶绿素andwithenergyderivedfromlight--toformsugarsrequirethatcarbondioxidefromtheairentertheplant.Thisoccursmainlyintheleaves.Theleafsurfaceisnotsolidbutcontainsgreatnumbersofminuteopeningsthroughwhichthecarbondioxideenters.Thesamestructurethatpermitstheonegastoentertheleafhoweverpermitsanothergas--watervapor--tobelostfromit.Sincecarbondioxideispresentintheaironlyintracequantities3to4partsin10000partsofairandwatervaporisnearsaturationintheairspaceswithintheleafat80℉saturatedairwouldcontainabout186partsofwatervaporin10000partsofairthetotalamountofwatervaporlostismanytimesthecarbondioxideintake.Actuallybecauseofwindandotherfactorsthelossofwaterinproportiontocarbondioxideintakemaybeevengreaterthantherelativeconcentrationsofthetwogases.Alsonotallofthecarbondioxidethatenterstheleafissynthesizedintocarbohydrates碳水化合物.
41.Agrowingplantneedswaterforallofthefollowingexcept________.[A]formingsugars[B]sustainingwoodystems[C]keepinggreen(D)[D]producingcarbondioxide
42.Theessentialfunctionofphotosynthesisintermsofplantneedsis________.[A]toformsugars[B]toderiveenergyfromlight[C]topreservewater(A)[D]tocombinecarbondioxidewithwater
43.Thesecondparagraphusesfactstodeveloptheessentialideathat________.[A]aplantefficientlyutilizesmostofthewateritabsorbs[B]carbondioxideistheessentialsubstanceneededforplantdevelopment[C]aplantneedsmorewaterthanisfoundinitscomposition(C)[D]thestrongerthewindthemorethewatervaporloss
44.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE[A]Themineralelementswillnotbeabsorbedbytheplantunlesstheyaredissolvedinitsroot.[B]Thewoodystemscontainmorewaterthantheleaves.[C]Airexistingaroundtheleafisfoundtobesaturated.(D)[D]Onlypartofthecarbondioxideintheplantsissynthesized.
45.Thispassageismainlyabout________.[A]thefunctionsofcarbondioxideandwater[B]theroleofwaterinagrowingplant[C]theprocessofsimplesugarformation(B)[D]thesynthesisofwaterwithcarbondioxideSectionIIIClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.15pointsWhentelevisionfirstbegantoexpandveryfewofthepeoplewhohadbecomefamousasradiocommentatorswereabletobeequallyeffectiveontelevision.Someofthedifficultiestheyexperiencedwhentheyweretryingtothemselvestothenewmediumweretechnical.Whenworkingradioforexampletheyhadbecometoseeingonbehalfofthelistener.Thisofseeingforothersmeansthatthecommentatorhastobeverygoodattalking.allhehastobeabletoacontinuoussequenceofvisualimageswhichmeaningtothesoundswhichthelistenerhears.Intheoftelevisionhoweverthecommentatorseeseverythingwiththeviewer.Hisrolethereforeisdifferent.Heistheretomakethattheviewerdoesnotmisssomepointofinteresttohelphimonparticularthingsandtotheimagesonthetelevisionscreen.hisradiocolleaguehemustknowtheofsilenceandhowtouseitatthosemomentsthepicturesspeakforthemselves.
46.[A]turn[B]adapt[C]alter(B)[D]modify
47.[A]on[B]at[C]with(A)[D]behind
48.[A]experienced[B]determined[C]established(D)[D]accustomed
49.[A]efficiency[B]technology[C]art(C)[D]performance
50.[A]Of[B]For[C]Above(C)[D]In
51.[A]inspire[B]create[C]cause(B)[D]perceive
52.[A]add[B]apply[C]affect(A)[D]reflect
53.[A]occasion[B]event[C]fact(D)[D]case
54.[A]equally[B]completely[C]initially(B)[D]hardly
55.[A]definite[B]possible[C]sure(C)[D]clear
56.[A]focus[B]attend[C]follow(A)[D]insist
57.[A]exhibit[B]demonstrate[C]expose(D)[D]interpret
58.[A]Like[B]Unlike[C]As(B)[D]For
59.[A]purpose[B]goal[C]value(C)[D]intention
60.[A]if[B]when[C]which(B)[D]asSectionIVError-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofsentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.ThenwithoutalteringthemeaningofthesentencewritedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.10points
61.Theseisdelicatebalanceofnaturemanysquaremilesofoceanandvegetationandcleanairtomaintainonlyhumanbeings.([B]inwhich)
62.Theidealearningislifelongprocessbyphilosophersandeducationaliststhecenturies.([C]hasbeenexpressed)
63.Nobodychildrenthatatripbybusis.([A]except/but)
64.theruinsabuildingbytalltrees.([B]is)
65.mathematicsthewayofinstructionisgenerallytraditionalteacherspresentinglecturesandstudentsnotes.([D]taking)
66.Theteacheraskedwhotheirteststheroomasaspossible.([A]those)
67.Hewantedmorenotjustworkingjobsorspendingnightsonthestreets.([C]highly-paid)
68.hasusedmetalsforcenturiesinincreasingquantitiesbutitwasnotuntiltheIndustrialRevolutiontheyinrealvastquantities.([B]gradually)
69.Ifyouwantyourfilmtoyou’llhavetowaitandonFridaythedayaftertomorrow.([A]beproperlyprocessed)
70.Amanbereallyhappyifheenjoysdoingbysocietynovalueorimportance.([B]what)SectionVEnglish-ChineseTranslationReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.15pointsThefactisthattheenergycrisiswhichhassuddenlybeenofficiallyannouncedhasbeenwithusforalongtimenowandwillbewithusforanevenlongertime.WhetherAraboilflowsfreelyornotitiscleartoeveryonethatworldindustrycannotbeallowedtodependonsofragileabase.71Thesupplyofoilcanbeshutoffunexpectedlyatanytimeandinanycasetheoilwellswillallrundryinthirtyyearsorsoatthepresentrateofuse.72Newsourcesofenergymustbefoundandthiswilltaketimebutitisnotlikelytoresultinanysituationthatwilleverrestorethatsenseofcheapandplentifulenergywehavehadinthetimespast.Foranindefiniteperiodfromhereonmankindisgoingtoadvancecautiouslyandconsideritselfluckythatitcanadvanceatall.Tomakethesituationworsethereisasyetnosignthatanyslowingoftheworld’spopulationisinsight.Althoughthebirth-ratehasdroppedinsomenationsincludingtheUnitedStatesthepopulationoftheworldseemssuretopasssixbillionandperhapsevensevenbillionasthetwenty-firstcenturyopens.73Thefoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthiswhichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood.Takingallthisintoaccountwhatmightwereasonablyestimatesupermarketstobelikeintheyear2001Tobeginwiththeworldfoodsupplyisgoingtobecomesteadilytighteroverthenextthirtyyears--evenhereintheUnitedStates.By2001thepopulationoftheUnitedStateswillbeatleasttwohundredfiftymillionandpossiblytwohundredseventymillionandthenationwillfinditdifficulttoexpandfoodproductiontofilltheadditionalmouths.74Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields.Itseemsalmostcertainthatby2001theUnitedStateswillnolongerbeagreatfood-exportingnationandthatifnecessityforcesexportsitwillbeatthepriceofbelt-tighteningathome.Infactasfooditemswilltendtodeclineinqualityanddecreaseinvarietythereisverylikelytobeincreasinguseofflavouringadditives.75Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointwheretheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforallpeoplewillhavetoacceptmore“unnaturalfood”.SectionVIWritingDirections:[A]Title:WHERETOLIVE--INTHECITYORTHECOUNTRY[B]Timelimit:40minutes[C]Wordlimit:120-150wordsnotincludingthegivenopeningsentence[D]YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence.[E]YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyintheANSWERSHEET.15pointsOUTLINE:
1.Conveniencesofthecity
2.Attractionsofthecountry
3.Disadvantagesofboth
4.Mypreference1991年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary15points
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61.[B]inwhich
62.[C]hasbeenexpressed
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65.[D]taking
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67.[C]highly-paid/high-paying
68.[B]gradually
69.[A]beproperlyprocessed
70.[B]whatSectionV:English-ChineseTranslation15points
71.石油供应可能会随时中断;不管怎样,以目前这种消费速度,只需30年左右,所有的油井都会枯竭
72.必须找到新的能源,这需要时间;而过去我们感觉到的那种能源价廉而充足的情况将不可能再出现了
73.食品供应的增加将赶不上人口的增长,这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正陷入危机
74.这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式继续下去了,而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能
75.除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食,否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”SectionVI:Writing15points
76.参考范文(略)1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.15pointsEXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]
1.Thosetwofamilieshavebeenquarrelling________eachotherformanyyears.[A]to[B]between[C]against(D)[D]with
2.Therearemanythingswhosemisuseisdangerousburitishardtothinkofanythingthatcanbecompared________tobaccoproducts.[A]in[B]with[C]among(B)[D]by
3.“Howoftenhaveyouseencaseslikethis”onesurgeonaskedanother.“Oh________timesIguess”wasthereply.[A]hundredof[B]hundreds[C]hundredsof(C)[D]hundred
4.Givemeyourtelephonenumber________Ineedyourhelp.[A]whether[B]unless[C]sothat(D)[D]incase
5.Yousangwelllastnight.Wehopeyou’llsing________.[A]morebetter[B]stillbetter[C]nicely(B)[D]best
6.Thosepeople________ageneralunderstandingofthepresentsituation.[A]lackof[B]arelackingof[C]lack(C)[D]areinlack
7.Aloneinadesertedhousehewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt________lonely.[A]nothingbut[B]anythingbut[C]allbut(B)[D]everythingbut
8.Grace________tearswhensheheardthesadnews.[A]brokein[B]brokeinto[C]brokeoff(B)[D]brokethrough
9.Sherefusedto________thecarkeystoherhusbanduntilhehadpromisedtowearhissafetybelt.[A]handin[B]handout[C]handdown(D)[D]handover
10.MichaelfounditdifficulttogethisBritishjokes________toAmericanaudiences.[A]around[B]over[C]across(C)[D]down
11.Thebookcontainedalarge________ofinformation.[A]deal[B]amount[C]number(B)[D]sum
12.Nowadaysadvertisingcostsarenolongerinreasonable________tothetotalcostoftheproduct.[A]proportion[B]correlation[C]connection(A)[D]correspondence
13.Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto________herumbrella.[A]carry[B]fetch[C]bring(B)[D]reach
14.Wemust________thattheexperimentiscontrolledasrigidlyaspossible.[A]assure[B]secure[C]ensure(C)[D]issue
15.Hewasknockeddownbyacarandbadly________.[A]injured[B]damaged[C]harmed(A)[D]ruinedSectionIIReadingComprehensionEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.20pointsText1InMay1989spaceshuttle“Atlantis”releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe“Megallan”whichisnowonher15-monthandone-billion-kilometerflighttoVenus.Anewphaseinspaceexplorationhasbegun.TheplanetVenusisonlyslightlysmallerthanEarth;itistheonlyotherobjectinthesolarsysteminfactthatevencomesclosetoearth’ssize.Venushasasimilardensitysoitisprobablymadeofapproximatelythesamestuffandithasanatmospherecompletewithclouds.Itisalsotheclosestplanettoearthandthusthemostsimilarindistancefromthesun.InshortVenusseemstojustifyitslong-heldnicknameof“earth’stwin.”ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusreachessome900F.Addedtothatisanatmosphericpressureabout90timesEarth’s:HighoverheadinthecarbondioxideCO2thatpassesforairisalayerofcloudsperhaps10to20milesthickwhoselittledropsconsistmostlyofsulfuricacidH2SO
4.Waterisallbutnonexistent.BornwithsomanyfundamentalsimilaritiestoearthhowdidVenusgettobesoradicallydifferent:Itisnotjustanacademicmatter.ForallitsextremesVenusisavaluablelaboratoryforresearchersstudyingtheweatherandclimateofearth.Ithasnoearth’soceanssotheheattransportandothermechanismsaregreatlysimplified.InadditiontheplanetVenustakes243earth-daystoturnonceonitsaxissoincomingheatfromthesunisaddedanddistributedatamoreleisurelyobservablepace.
16.VenusissimilartoEarthin________.[A]sizeanddensity[B]distancefromthesun[C]havingatmosphere(D)[D]alloftheabove
17.ThegreatestvalueinstudyingVenusshouldbeto________.[A]allowustovisitthere[B]understandEarthbetter[C]findanewsourceofenergy(B)[D]promoteanewspaceprogram
18.Themainideaofthispassageisabout________.[A]problemsofspacetravel[B]scientificmethodsinspaceexploration[C]theimportanceofVenustoEarth(C)[D]conditionsonVenusText2TouristsweresurprisedtoseeawomandrivingahugeorangetractordownoneofRome’smainavenues.Italy’spoliticalleadersandsomeofitsmaleunionchiefsaresaidtohavebeenevenmorepuzzledtoseethatthetractorwasfollowedbyabout200000womeninaparadingprocessionthattookmorethanthreehourstosnakethroughcentralRome.ShoutingsloganswavingflagsanddancingtodrumbeatsthewomenhadcometothecapitalfromalloverItalytodemonstratefor“ajobforeachofusadifferenttypeofjobandasocietywithoutviolence.”Sofaractiontoimprovewomen’sopportunitiesinemploymenthasbeentheprovinceofcollectiveindustrialbargaining.“Butthereisagrowingawarenessthatthisisnotenough”saysaresearcheronfemalelaboratthegovernment-fundedInstitutefortheDevelopmentofProfessionalTrainingforWorkers.Womenwhoconstitute52percentofItaly’spopulationtodayrepresentonly35percentofItaly’stotalworkforceand33percentofthetotalnumberofItalianswithjobs.Howevertheirpresenceintheworkplaceisgrowing.Theemploymentofwomenisexpandingconsiderablyinservicesnexttothepublicadministrationandcommerceastheirprincipalworkplace.Officialstatisticsalsoshowthatwomenhavealsomadesignificantstridesinself-employment.Moreandmorewomenaregoingintobusinessforthemselves.Manyyoungwomenareturningtobusinessbecauseofthegrowingoverallinemployment.Itisalsoafactthattodaymanyprejudiceshavedisappearedsothatbanksandotherfinancialinstitutesmakejudgmentsonpurelybusinessconsiderationswithoutcaringifitisamanorawoman.Suchchangesareoccurringintheprofessionstoo.Thenumberofwomendoctorsdentistslawyersengineersanduniversityprofessorsincreasedtwotothreefold.Someofthechangesareimmediatelyvisible.Forexamplewomenhaveappearedonthesceneforthefirsttimeasstatepolicerailwayworkersandstreetcleaners.Howeverthepresentsituationisfarfromsatisfactorythoughsomeprogresshasbeenmade.Abreakthroughinequalopportunitiesforwomenisnowdemanded.
19.Theexpression“snakethroughcentralRome”probablymeans“tomove________[A]quietlythroughcentralRome.”[B]violentlythroughcentralRome.”[C]inalongwindinglinethroughcentralRome.”(C)[D]ataleisurelypacethroughcentralRome.”
20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue[A]TherearemorewomenthanmeninItaly.[B]InItalywomenarechieflyemployedinservices.[C]InItalywomenarestillatadisadvantageinemployment.(B)[D]InItalyabouttwo-thirdsofthejobsareheldbymen.
21.About200000womeninRomedemonstratedfor________.[A]morejobopportunities[B]agreatervarietyofjobs[C]“equaljobequalpay”(D)[D]bothAandB
22.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.[A]TheRoleofWomenisSociety[B]WomenDemonstrateforEqualityinEmployment[C]WomenasSelf-employedProfessionals(B)[D]WomenandtheJobsMarketText3Theoldideathattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyearsandthereforearesubjectedtofailureandatworstmentalillnessisunfounded.Asamatteroffacttheoutstandingthingthathappenstobrightkidsisthattheyareverylikelytogrowintobrightadults.Tofindthisoutl500giftedpersonswerefolloweduptotheirthirty-fifthyearwiththeseresults:Onadultintelligenceteststheyscoredashighastheyhadaschildren.Theywereasagroupingoodhealthphysicallyandmentally.84percentoftheirgroupweremarriedandseemedcontentwiththeirlives.About70percenthadgraduatedfromcollegethoughonly30percenthadgraduatedwithhonors.Afewhadevendroppedoutbutnearlyhalfofthesehadreturnedtograduate.Ofthemen80percentwereinoneoftheprofessionsorinbusinessmanagementorsemiprofessionaljobs.Thewomenwhohadremainedsinglehadofficebusinessorprofessionaloccupations.Thegrouphadpublished90booksand1500articlesinscientificscholarlyandliterarymagazinesandhadcollectedmorethan100patents.Inamaterialwaytheydidnotdobadlyeither.Averageincomewasconsiderablyhigheramongthegiftedpeopleespeciallythementhanforthecountryasawholedespitetheircomparativeyouth.Infactfarfrombeingstrangemostofthegiftedwereturningtheirearlypromiseintopracticalreality.
23.Theoldideathattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyearsis________.[A]trueinallsenses[B]refutedbytheauthor[C]medicallyproven(B)[D]abeliefoftheauthor
24.Thesurveyofbrightchildrenwasmadeto________.[A]findoutwhathadhappenedtotalentedchildrenwhentheybecameadults[B]provethattalentedchildren“burnthemselvesout”intheearlyyears[C]discoverthepercentageofthosementallyillamongthegifted(A)[D]provethattalentedchildrenneverburnthemselvesout
25.Intelligencetestsshowedthat________.[A]brightchildrenwereunlikelytobementallyhealthy[B]betweenchildhoodandadulthoodtherewasaconsiderablelossofintelligence[C]talentedchildrenweremostlikelytobecomegiftedadults(C)[D]whentalentedchildrengrewintoadultstheymadelowscoresSectionIIIClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.10pointsNooneknowsforsurewhattheworldwouldbelikeintheyear
2001.Manybookshavebeenwrittenthefuture.Butthe19th-centuryFrenchnovelistJulesVernemaybecalledafuturologistinthefullestoftheword.Inhisfantasticnovels“ATriptotheMoon”and“80DaysAroundtheWorld”hedescribedwithdetailtheaeroplaneandeventhehelicopter.Thesenovelsstillhaveagreatattractionyoungreadersoftodaybecauseoftheirboldimaginationandscientificaccuracy.Belowisadescriptionofwhatourlifewillbeintheyear2001aspredictedbyawriter.In2001inthehomecookerswillbesetsothatyoucancookacompletemealatthetouchofaswitch.Televisionwillprovideinformationonpricesattheshopsaswellasnewsandentertainment.Videophoneswillbringpicturesaswellastotelephoneconversations.Machineswillcontroltemperaturelightingentertainmentsecurityalarmslaundryandgardening.Lightingwillprovidedecorationaswellaswallpaper.Atworkrobotswilltakemostjobsinthemanufacturingindustries.Workinghourswillfalltounder30hoursaweek.Holidayswillgetlonger;sixweekswillbethenormalannualholiday.Menandwomenwillretireatthesameage.Ourleisurewillbedifferenttoo.Thehomewillbecomethecenterofentertainmentthroughtelevisionandelectronicgames.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurantstheydotoday;alsotheywillhaveamuchwidervarietyoffoodavailable.Therewillbeachangeoftastetowardsamoresavoury-flavoredmenu.Newsyntheticfoodswillformapartofpeople’sdiets.Foreigntravelwill;winterholidayswillbecomemorepopularthansummerones.Alsonon-stopflightsfromBritaintoAustraliaandNewZealandwillbeeasilyavailableandmuchcheaper.Educationwillbecomeincreasinglymoreimportantthaneverbefore.
26.[A]in[B]of[C]about(C)[D]for
27.[A]sense[B]meaning[C]detail(A)[D]implication
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29.[A]today[B]nowadays[C]present-day(C)[D]present
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33.[A]than[B]as[C]when(A)[D]while
34.[A]usual[B]popular[C]daily(D)[D]regular
35.[A]add[B]increase[C]raise(B)[D]ariseSectionIVError-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofsentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.ThenwithoutalteringthemeaningofthesentencewritedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.10pointsEXAMPLE:Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethinghardly.ANSWER:[C]anything
36.Alicewastroublethechildrenbecausetheresoofthem.([B]controlling)
37.Wewereverymuchthatvillagewaslongwaytheroad.([C]sucha)
38.John’schanceofthecommitteeisgreaterthan.([D]Dick’s)
39.“Wegreatvictoryour”thecaptainsaid.([C]over)
40.Therearewhichthepublicarewillingbutwhichareturntothecommunity.([C]donotbring)
41.ThelawIamrequiresthatwhoacaraccidentinsurance.([A]referringto)
42.“Iconsideredtobeinvitedtothemeetingofscientists”saidProfessorLeacock.([B]anhonor)
43.Hesomebodyintothehousethewindowlastnight.([A]saw)
44.Thereasonallchangestousyet.([D]hasnotbeenexplained)
45.thechildrenpretendedthenurseswerenottheycameintotheroom.([B]tobeasleep)SectionVVerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.10pointsEXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________appointforthiscollege.ANSWER:shouldbeappointed
46.Buyingclothes________beverytime-consumingasyourarelyfindthingsthatfityounicely.(is)
47.Theykeeptellingusitisofutmostimportancethatourrepresentative________sendtotheconferenceonschedule.(shouldbesent)
48.Imustcallyourattentiontothedirections.Readthemcarefullyandactas________instruct.(instructed)
49.Emmasaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate________hearfromyousoon.(hearing)
50.I________calltomakeanairlinereservationbutIdidn’t.(shouldhavecalled)
51.IfGreghadtriedhardertoreachtheoppositeshorewe________nothavetopickhimupintheboat.(wouldnothavehad)
52.AftertwentyyearsabroadWilliamcamebackonly________findhishometownseverelydamagedinanearthquake.(tofind)
53.Thelecture________beginhelefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeaker.(havingbegun)
54.Thechildrenweresurprisedwhentheteacherhadthem________closetheirbooksunexpectedly.(close)
55.Anewroadwillbebuilthereandthereforeanumberofexistinghouses________havetodestroy.(willhavetobedestroyed)SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish15points
56.你应该仔细核对全部资料,以避免严重错误
57.尽管这个实验复杂,他们决心按时把它完成
58.一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所知
59.只有那些不怕困难的人,才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果
60.这篇作品与其说是短篇小说,不如说更像是新闻报导SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesunderlinedintoChinese.20pointsPeoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnotorwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsareofcourseextremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.61Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyetbuttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpectthetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“naturevs.nurture.”62Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.63Thatourenvironmenthaslittleifanythingtodowithourabilitiescharacteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextremethistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispre-determinedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.Thosewhosupportthe“nurture”theorythatistheyadvocateeducationareoftencalledbehaviorists.Theyclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.AbehavioristB.F.Skinnerseeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.64Thebehavioristsmaintainthatlikemachineshumansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.Letusexaminethedifferentexplanationsaboutonehumancharacteristicintelligenceofferedbythetwotheories.65Supportersofthe“nature”theoryinsistthatwearebornwithacertaincapacityforlearningthatisbiologicallydetermined.Needlesstosay:Theydon’tbelievethatfactorsintheenvironmenthavemuchinfluenceonwhatisbasicallyapredeterminedcharacteristic.Ontheotherhandbehavioristsarguethatourintelligencelevelsaretheproductofourexperiences.66Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.Thesocialandpoliticalimplicationsofthesetwotheoriesareprofound.67IntheUnitedStatesblacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksarebiologicallyinferiortowhites.68Behavioristsincontrastsaythatdifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy.Mostpeoplethinkneitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.1990年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary15points
1.[D]
2.[B]
3.[C]
4.[D]
5.[B]
6.[C]
7.[B]
8.[B]
9.[D]
10.[C]
11.[B]
12.[A]
13.[B]
14.[C]
15.[A]SectionII:ReadingComprehension20points
16.[D]
17.[B]
18.[C]
19.[C]
20.[B]
21.[D]
22.[B]
23.[B]
24.[A]
25.[C]SectionIII:ClozeTest10points
26.[C]
27.[A]
28.[A]
29.[C]
30.[B]
31.[B]
32.[D]
33.[A]
34.[D]
35.[B]SectionIV:Error-detectionandCorrection10points
36.[B]controlling
37.[C]sucha
38.[D]Dick’s
39.[C]over
40.[C]donotbring
41.[A]referringto
42.[B]anhonor
43.[A]saw
44.[D]hasnotbeenexplained
45.[B]tobeasleepSectionV:VerbForms10points
46.is
47.shouldbesent
48.instructed
49.hearing
50.shouldhavecalled
51.wouldnothavehad
52.tofind
53.havingbegun
54.close
55.willhavetobedestroyedSectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslation15points
56.Youshouldcheckallthedatacarefullysoastoavoidseriousmistakes.
57.Althoughtheexperimentiscomplicatedtheyaredeterminedtofinishitontime.
58.Allsignsshowedthatthemanknewnothingofwhathadhappenedhere.
59.Onlythosewhoarenotafraidofanydifficultieshavethechanceofachievingoutstandingresultsintheirwork.
60.Thispieceofwritingismorelikeanewsreportthanashortstory.SectionVII:English-ChineseTranslation20points
61.他们想要说明,为什么我们具有某些性格特征和表现出某些行为
62.在这场争论中,赞成“天性”一方的那些人认为,我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由生物因素所决定的
63.这种理论的核心是,我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话,也是微不足道的
64.行为主义者坚信,人象机器一样,对环境的刺激作出反应,这是他们行为的基础
65.支持“天性”论的人坚持说,我们生来就具有一定的学习才能,这是由生物因素决定的
66.行为主义者的看法是,如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里成长,而这些刺激物能够发展其作出适当反应的能力,那么,这个儿童将会有更高的智力发展
67.在美国,黑人在标准化智力测试中的成绩常常低于白人
68.相反,行为主义者认为,成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其它环境方面所享有的许多有利条件1989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.15pointsEXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]
1.Modernmanfacesdangerscompletelyunknown________hispredecessors.[A]for[B]to[C]of(B)[D]by
2.Thechancesofseeingahelicopterinmyhometownareone________amillion.[A]for[B]to[C]in(C)[D]against
3.________wehaveallthematerialsreadyweshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.[A]Sincethat[B]Sincenow[C]Bynow(D)[D]Nowthat
4.Wehopethemeasurestocontrolprices________takenbythegovernmentwillsucceed.[A]when[B]as[C]since(B)[D]after
5.Thehistoricaleventsofthatperiodarearranged________.[A]inalphabeticalorder[B]inanalphabeticalorder[C]inthealphabeticalorders(A)[D]inalphabeticalorders
6.Insomemarketstheremaybeonlyoneseller.________iscalledamonopoly.[A]Situationasthis[B]Suchkindofsituation[C]Suchasituation(C)[D]Asituationofthis
7.Heis________tospeakthetruth.[A]toomuchofacoward[B]toomuchacoward[C]somuchacoward(A)[D]somuchofacoward
8.Healwaysgives________tohiswife’sdemandsanddoeswhatevershetellshimto.[A]up[B]away[C]in(C)[D]out
9.It’s________intheregulationsthatyoucantake20kilosofluggagewithyou.[A]laidupon[B]laidout[C]laidup(D)[D]laiddown
10.Lookatallthecorruptionthat’sgoingon.It’stimethecitywas________.[A]cleanedout[B]cleaneddown[C]cleanedaway(D)[D]cleanedup
11.Thoughhedidnotsaysodirectlytheinspector________themanwasguilty.[A]declared[B]implied[C]disclosed(B)[D]said
12.ThePrimeMinisterrefusedto________ontherumourthathehadplannedtoresign.[A]explain[B]comment[C]remark(B)[D]talk
13.Iaskedthetailortomakeasmall________tomytrousersbecausetheyweretoolong.[A]change[B]variation[C]revision(D)[D]alteration
14.Magnificentviewsoverthecountrysidehaveoften________peopletowritepoems.[A]excited[B]inspired[C]induced(B)[D]attracted
15.Thefoodwasdivided________accordingtotheageandsizeofthechildren.[A]equally[B]proportionately[C]sufficiently(B)[D]adequatelySectionIIReadingComprehensionEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.20pointsText1Ascientistoncesaid:“Ihaveconcludedthattheearthisbeingvisitedbyintelligentlycontrolledvehiclesfromouterspace.”IfwetakethisasareasonableexplanationforUFOsunidentifiedflyingobjectsquestionsimmediatelycomeup.“Whydon’ttheygetintouchwithusthenWhydon’ttheylandrightontheWhiteHouselawnanddeclarethemselves”peopleasked.Inreplyscientistssaythatwhilethismaybewhatwewantitmaynotnecessarilybewhattheywant.“Themostlikelyexplanationitseemstome”saidDr.Mead“isthattheyaresimplywatchingwhatweareupto--thatresponsiblesocietyoutsideoursolarsystemiskeepinganeyeonustoseethatwedon’tsetinmotionachainreactionthatmighthaveunexpectedeffectsforoutsideoursolarsystem.”Opinionsfromotherscientistsmightgolikethis:“WhyshouldtheywanttogetintouchwithusWemayfeelwe’remoreimportantthanwereallyare!Theymaywanttoobserveusonlyandnotinterferewiththedevelopmentofourcivilization.Theymaynotcareifweseethembuttheyalsomaynotcaretosay‘hello’.”SomescientistshavealsosuggestedthatEarthisakindofzooorwildlifereserve.JustaswesetasidewildernessareasandwildlifereservestoallowanimalsandgrowingthingstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethemsoperhapsEarthwassetasideagesagoforthesamepurpose.ArewebeingobservedbyintelligentbeingsfromothercivilizationsintheuniverseAretheywatchingourprogressinspacetravelDoweliveinagigantic“zoo”observedbyour“keepers”buthavingnocommunicationwiththemNeverbeforeinourhistoryhavewehadtoconfrontideaslikethese.Thesimplefactisthatwewhohavealwaysregardedourselvesassupremeintheuniversemaynotbeso.Nowwehavetorecognizethatamongthestarsintheheavenstheremayverywellbeworldsinhabitedbybeingswhoaretousaswearetoants.
16.Peoplewhoaskthequestion“Whydon’ttheygetintouchwithus...anddeclarethemselves”thinkthat________.[A]therearenosuchthingsasUFOs[B]UFOsarevisitorsfromsolarsystem[C]there’snoreasonforUFOssoonerorlater(A)[D]weareboundtoseeUFOssoonerorlater
17.AccordingtoDr.Meadtheattitudeofbeingsfromouterspacetowardusisoneof________.[A]unfriendliness[B]suspicion[C]superiority(B)[D]hostility
18.Thetoneofthewriteristhatof________.[A]doubt[B]warning[C]indifference(D)[D]criticismText2Theuseofthemotorisbecomingmoreandmorewidespreadinthetwentiethcentury;asanincreasingnumberofcountriesdevelopbothtechnicallyandeconomicallysoalargerproportionoftheworld’spopulationisabletobuyanduseacar.Possessingacargivesamuchgreaterdegreeofmobilityenablingthedrivertomovearoundfreely.Theownerofacarisnolongerforcedtorelyonpublictransportandisthereforenotcompelledtoworklocally.Hecanchoosefromdifferentjobsandprobablychangeshisworkmorefrequentlyasheisnotrestrictedtoachoicewithinasmallradius.Travellingtoworkbycarisalsomorecomfortablethanhavingtousepublictransport;thedrivercanadjusttheheatinginwinterandtheairconditioninginthesummertosuithisownneedsandpreference.Thereisnoirritationcausedbywaitingfortrainsbusesorundergroundtrainsstandinginlongpatientqueuesorsittingonwindyplatformsforaslongashalfanhoursometimes.Withthebuildingofgoodfastmotorwayslongdistancescanbecoveredrapidlyandpleasantly.Forthefirsttimeinthiscenturyalsomanypeoplearenowabletoenjoytheirleisuretimetothefullbymakingtripstothecountryorseasideattheweekendsinsteadofbeingconfinedtotheirimmediateneighbourhood.Thisfeelingofindependenceandthefreedomtogowhereyoupleaseisperhapsthegreatestadvantageofthecar.Whenconsideringthedrawbacksperhapspollutionisofprimeimportance.Asmoreandmorecarsareproducedandusedsotheemissionfromtheirexhaust-pipescontainsaneverlargervolumeofpoisonousgas.Someofthecontentsofthisgassuchasleadnotonlypollutetheatmospherebutcauseactualharmtothehealthofpeople.Manyoftheminorillnessesofmodernindustrialsocietyheadachestirednessandstomachupsetsarethoughttoarisefrombreathingpollutedair;doctors’surgeriesarefullofpeoplesufferingfromillnessescausedbypollution.Itisalsobecomingincreasinglydifficulttodealwiththeproblemoftrafficintowns;mostoftheimportantcitiesoftheworldsufferfromtrafficcongestion.Infactanyadvantagegainedincomfortisoftencancelledoutincitydrivingbythefrustrationcausedbytrafficjams:endlessqueuesofcarscrawlingoneafteranotherthroughallthemainstreets.Asanincreasingnumberoftrafficregulationschemesaredevisedthepoorbewildereddriverfindshimselfdivertedandforcedintoone-waysystemswhichcauseevengreaterdelaysthanthetrafficjamstheyaresupposedtoprevent.Themountingcostofpetrolandtheincreasedlicensefeesandroadtaxalladdtothedriver’sworries.Infacthemustsometimeswonderifthemotorcarissuchablessingandnotjustamenace.
19.Moreandmorepeoplecanaffordtobuyandusecarsbecause________.[A]anincreasingnumberofcarsarebeingproduced[B]thecostofcarsisgettingcheaperwiththedevelopmentoftechnology[C]lotsofcountrieshavebecomemoredeveloped(C)[D]theuseofcarshasprovedtobemoreeconomical
20.Theadvantagesofhavingacararebestexperiencedinthedriver’s________.[A]freedominchoosinghisjob[B]comfortduringthetravels[C]enjoymentofhisleisuretime(D)[D]feelingofself-reliance
21.Whatisconsideredbythewriterasthegreatestmenacetothepeoplecausedbythewidespreaduseofmotorcars[A]airpollution[B]trafficjams[C]fataldiseases(A)[D]highcostText3MannersnowadaysinmetropolitancitieslikeLondonarepracticallynon-existent.Itisnothingforabigstrongschoolboytoelbowanelderlywomanasideinthedashforthelastremainingseatonthetubeorbusmuchlessstandupandofferhisseattoherasheought.InfactitissaddeningtonotethatifamandoesofferhisseattoanolderwomanitisnearlyalwaysaContinentalmanoronefromtheoldergeneration.Thisquestionofgivingupseatsinpublictransportismucharguedaboutbyyoungmenwhosaythatsincewomenhaveclaimedequalitytheynolongerdeservetobetreatedwithcourtesyandthatthosewhogoouttoworkshouldtaketheirturnintheratracelikeanyoneelse.Womenhaveneverclaimedtobephysicallyasstrongasmen.Evenifitisnotagreedhoweverthatyoungmenshouldstandupforyoungerwomenthefactremainsthatcourtesyshouldbeshowntotheoldthesickandtheburdened.Arewereallysolosttoallidealsofunselfishnessthatwecansitthereindifferentlyreadingthepaperorabooksayingtoourselves“Firstcomefirstserved”whileagrey-hairedwomanamotherwithayoungchildoracripplestandsYetthisisalltoooftenseen.Conditionsintravelarereallyveryhardoneveryoneweknowbuthardshipissurelynoexcuse.Sometimesonewonderswhatwouldhavebeenthebehaviourofthesestoutyoungmeninapackedrefugeetrainoratrainonitswaytoaprison-campduringtheWar.WouldtheyhaveconsidereditonlyrightandtheirproperduetokeepthebestplacesforthemselvesthenOlderpeopletiredandirritablefromaday’sworkarenotangelseither--farfromit.Manyabriskargumentoraninsultingquarrelbreaksoutasthewearyqueuespushandshoveeachothertogetonbusesandtubes.Onecannotcommendthisofcoursebutonedoesfeelthereisjustalittlemoreexcuse.Ifcitiesaretoremainpleasantplacestoliveinatallhoweveritseemsimperativenotonlythatcommunicationsintransportshouldbeimprovedbutalsothatcommunicationbetweenhumanbeingsshouldbekeptsmoothandpolite.Allovercitiesitseemsthatpeoplearetootiredandtoorushedtobepolite.Shopassistantswon’tbothertoassisttaxidriversgrowlateachotherastheydashdangerouslyroundcornersbusconductorpullthebellbeforetheirdesperatepassengershavehadtimetogetonoroffthebusandsoonandsoon.Itseemstousthatitisuptotheyoungandstrongtodotheirsmallparttostopsuchdeterioration.
22.Fromwhatyouhavereadwouldyouexpectmannerstoimproveamongpeople________[A]whoarephysicallyweakorcrippled[B]whooncelivedinaprison-campduringtheWar[C]wholiveinbigmoderncities(C)[D]wholiveonlyinmetropolitancities
23.Whatisthewriter’sopinionconcerningcourteousmannerstowardswomen[A]Nowthatwomenhaveclaimedequalitytheynolongerneedtobetreateddifferentlyfrommen.[B]Itisgenerallyconsideredold-fashionedforyoungmentogiveuptheirseatstoyoungwomen.[C]“LadyFirst”shouldbeuniversallypracticed.(D)[D]Specialconsiderationoughttobeshownthem.
24.Accordingtotheauthorcommunicationbetweenhumanbeingswouldbesmootherif________.[A]peopleweremoreconsideratetowardseachother[B]peoplewerenotsotiredandirritable[C]womenweretreatedwithmorecourtesy(A)[D]publictransportcouldbeimproved
25.Whatisthepossiblemeaningoftheword“deterioration”inthelastparagraph[A]worseningofgeneralsituation[B]loweringofmoralstandards[C]decliningofphysicalconstitution(B)[D]spreadingofevilconductSectionIIIClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.10pointsOnedaydroughtmaybeathingofthepastatleastincoastalcities.Vastareasofdesertthroughouttheworldmayforthefirsttimeandprovidemillionsofhectaresoflandwherenownothinggrows.Bytheendofthiscenturythismaynotbemere.ScientistsarealreadylookingintothepossibilityofusingsomeoftheavailableiceintheArcticandAntarctic.Intheseregionstherearevastice-capsformedbysnowthathasfallenoverthepast50000years.Layerlayerofdeepsnowmeansthatwhenmeltedthesnowwaterwouldbepurenotsaltyassea-icewouldbe.Thereissomuchpurewaterherethatitwouldneedonlyafractionofittoturnmuchofthedesertorpoorlyirrigatedpartsoftheworldintorichfarmland.Andwhatusefulpackagesitwouldcomein!Itshouldbepossibletocutoffabitoficeandtransportit!Alternativelyperhapsapassingicebergcouldbe.Theyarealwaysbreakingawayfromthemaincapsandfloatingaroundpushedbycurrentsuntiltheyeventuallymeltandarewasted.Manyicebergsareofcoursefartoosmalltobetoweddistanceandwouldmeltbeforetheyreachedacountrythatneededthemanywhere.Itwouldbenecessarytolocateonethatwasandthatwasbigenoughtoprovideagoodsupplyoficewhenitreachedus.Engineersthinkthataniceberguptosevenmileslongandoneandahalfmileswidecouldbetransportedifthetugpullingitwasasbigasasupertanker!Eventhentheywouldcoveronlytwentymileseveryday.Howevertheicebergwasatitsdestinationmorethat7000millioncubicmetresofwatercouldbetakenfromit!Thatwouldprobablybemorethanenoughforanymedium-sizedcityeveninthehottestsummer!Butnodoubtausecouldbefoundforit.scientistsaytherewouldnotbetoomuchwastageinsuchajourney.Thelargertheicebergthesloweritmeltsevenifitistowedthroughthetropics.Thisisbecausewhenthesunhasabiggerareatowarmlessheatactuallygetsintotheiceberg.Thevastfrozencentrewouldbeunaffected.
26.[A]cometolife[B]comeintoexistence[C]comeintoactivity(A)[D]comeround
27.[A]speculation[B]imagination[C]computation(A)[D]expectation
28.[A]above[B]of[C]upon(C)[D]over
29.[A]essential[B]potential[C]claimable(B)[D]obtainable
30.[A]seized[B]snatched[C]grabbed(D)[D]captured
31.[A]much[B]any[C]some(B)[D]certain
32.[A]manageable[B]manipulative[C]operable(A)[D]controllable
33.[A]after[B]while[C]since(D)[D]once
34.[A]Apparently[B]Noticeably[C]Distinctly(A)[D]Notably
35.[A]round[B]over[C]up(C)[D]throughSectionIVError-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.ThenwithoutalteringthemeaningofthesentencewritedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.10pointsEXAMPLE:Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethinghardly.ANSWER:[C]anything
36.bankkeepscashallitsdepositorsinatonetime.([C]topay)
37.providegreatvarietyofandentertainmentinformation.([B]a)
38.Ifitrainthenextfewweeksthewillhavetobewaterediftheyare.([D]tosurvive)
39.Thisisthemostimportantrespectcivilizedcanbedistinguishedprimitive.([A]inwhich)
40.abad-temperedmanhehavinghislecturesinterruptedheweresomeobscurecandidateanelectionspeech.([A]Being)
41.Ifyouawardedaprizeoftenthousanddollarswhatwouldyoudoitifyouinaday([D]tospendit)
42.Theboyisconstantlynottoscratchthepainttheallbuthegoesonit.([C]doing)
43.Theparcelyoupostmustbe.Inadequatepackingdelaydamagelossatyour.([D]expense)
44.TheradiowasofinferiorqualityItookitandaskedforabetter.([A]such)
45.IcanlistentoBrucknerhourswithoutgettingboredbutifyouhaven’tmuchofhismusicbeforeyouittakessome.([D]gettingusedto)SectionVVerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiventhebrackets.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.10pointsEXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________appointforthiscollege.ANSWER:shouldbeappointed
46.Byronissaid________liveonvinegarandpotatoes.(tohavelived)
47.You________leaveanote.Itwasveryinconsiderateofyoutodoso.(shouldhaveleft)
48.Ifthehorsewontodayhe________winthirtyracesinfiveyears.(would/shouldhavewon)
49.Uponbeingquestionedhedenied________writethearticle.(havingwritten)
50.IwassosicklastnightthatIfeltasiftheroom________goround.(were/wasgoing)
51.Nowadayspeopleusuallypreferdrivingto________drive.(beingdriven)
52.Ihopeherhealth________improvegreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.(willhaveimproved)
53.WhilewewereinLondonthatyeartheLondonBridge________repair.(wasbeingrepaired)
54.Lotsofemptybottleswerefoundundertheoldman’sbed.Hemusthavedonenothingbut________drink.(drink)
55.Fordtrieddividingthelaboureachworker________assignaseparatetask.(assigned)SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.15points
56.请乘客们系好安全带,以防碰伤
57.除非安装一条新的装配线,否则提高产量是没有指望的
58.有人提出,暑假期间安排一次到海南岛的考察旅行
59.为了把课文中的难点解释清楚,他举了许多例子
60.护士们通常毕生致力于照顾病人SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesinheavytypeintoChinese.20pointsWhenJaneMathesonstartedworkatAdvancedElectronicsInc.12yearsago61shelabouredoveramicroscopehand-weldingtinyelectroniccomputersandturnedout18perhour.Nowshetendsthecomputerizedmachinerythatturnsouthighcapacitymemorychipsattherateof2600perhour.ProductionisupprofitsareupherincomeisupandMrs.Mathesonsaystheworkisfarlessstrainonhereyes.ButthemostsignificanteffectofthechangesatAEIwasfeltbytheworkerswhoarenolongerthere.Beforethenewcomputerizedequipmentwasintroducedtherewere940workersattheplant.Nowthereare
121.62Aplantfollow-upsurveyshowedthatoneyearafterthelayoffsonly38%ofthereleasedworkersfoundnewemploymentatthesameorbetterwages.Nearlyhalffinallysettledforlowerpayandmorethan13%arestilloutofwork.TheAEIexampleisonlyoneofhundredsaroundthecountrywhichforgeintelligentlyaheadintothelatesttechnologybutleavethemajorityoftheirworkersbehind.63Itsbeginningsobscuredbyunemploymentcausedbytheworldeconomicslow-downthenewtechnologicalunemploymentmayemergeasthegreatsocio-economicchallengeoftheendofthe20thcentury.Onecorporationeconomistsaysthegrowthof“machinejobreplacement”hasbeenwithussincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolutionbutneveratthepaceitisnow.Thehumancostswillbeastonishing.64“It’shumiliatingtobedoneoutofyourjobbyamachineandthereisnowaytofightbackbutitistheefforttofindanewjobthatreallyhurts.”SomeworkerslikeJaneMathesonareretrainedtohandlethenewequipmentbutoftenawholenewsetofskillsisrequiredandthatmeansanewandinvariablysmallersetofworkers.65Theoldworkerstrappedbytheirlimitedskillsoftenneverregaintheiroldstatusandemployment.Manydriftintomarginalareas.Theyfeelnoprideintheirnewwork.Theygetbadlypaidforitandtheyfeelmiserablebutstilltheyareluckierthanthosewhoneverfindit.66Thesocialcostsgofarbeyondthewelfareandunemploymentpaymentsmadebythegovernment.Unemploymentincreasesthechancesofdivorcechildabuseandalcoholismanewfederalsurveyshows.Someexpertssaytheproblemisonlytemporary...thatnewtechnologywilleventuallycreateasmanyjobsasitdestroys.67ButfuturologistHymenSeymoursaystheastonishingefficiencyofthenewtechnologymeanstherewillbeasimpleanddirectnetreductionintheamountofhumanlaborthatneedstobedone.“Weshouldtreatthisasanopportunitytogivepeoplemoreleisure.Itmaynotbeeasybutsocietywillhavetoreachanewunanimityonthedivisionanddistributionoflabor”Seymoursays.Hepredictsmostpeoplewillworkonlysix-hourdaysandfour-dayweeksbytheendofthecentury.Buttheconcernoftheunemployedisfornow.68Federallyfundedtrainingandfreeback-to-schoolprogramsforlaid-offworkersareunderwaybutfewexpertsbelievetheywillbeabletokeepupwiththepaceofthenewtechnology.Forthenextfewyearsforasubstantialportionoftheworkforcetimesaregoingtobeverytoughindeed.1989年考研英语真题答案I:StructureandVocabulary15points
1.[B]
2.[C]
3.[D]
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6.[C]
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9.[D]
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36.[C]topay
37.[B]a
38.[D]tosurvive
39.[A]inwhich
40.[A]Being
41.[D]tospendit
42.[C]doing
43.[D]expense
44.[A]such
45.[D]gettingusedtoV:VerbForms10points
46.tohavelived
47.shouldhaveleft
48.would/shouldhavewon
49.havingwritten
50.were/wasgoing
51.beingdriven
52.willhaveimproved
53.wasbeingrepaired
54.drink
55.assignedVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslation15points
56.Alltravellersareadvisedtofastentheirsafety-beltstoavoidbeingbumped.
57.Noincreaseinoutputcanbeexpectedunlessanewassemblylineisinstalled.
58.ItissuggestedthatanexplorationtourtotheHainanIslandshouldbearrangedduringthesummervacation.
59.Hegavelotsofexamplesinordertogetthedifficultpointsinthetextfullyexplained.
60.Nursesoftendevotetheirwholelivestotendingthesick.VII:English-ChineseTranslation20points
61.她吃力地伏在显微镜上干活,手焊体积很小的电子计算机,每小时能焊好18个
62.一家工厂的跟踪调查表明,被解雇的工人中一年后只有38%的人找到了与原工资相等或优于原工资的工作
63.它(新技术的采用导致失业上升)一开始被全球性的经济衰退所引起的失业所掩盖,但到20世纪末,新技术所引起的失业问题可能会构成对社会经济的巨大挑战
64.被一台机器抢走你的工作是很伤自尊心的,可又没法还击,但真正伤我心的是要费很大的劲去寻找新的工作
65.老工人由于处于技术掌握得很有限的困境,往往不能重新获得其原有的地位和就业机会
66.要付出的社会代价远远超过政府在福利与失业救济方面的开支
67.未来学家海曼·西摩说,新技术所具有的惊人效率意味着所需要的劳力将出现一个绝对的和直接的净减数
68.为失业工人提供的由联邦政府帮助的培训计划和免费重返学校学习的计划目前都在实施中,但专家中几乎没有认为这些计划能跟得上新技术的发展步伐1988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.15pointsEXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]
1.Ididn’tbuytheapples;shegavethemtome________nothing.[A]with[B]as[C]for(C)[D]by
2.It’s________mypowertomakefinaldecisiononthematter.[A]off[B]outside[C]above(D)[D]beyond
3.IshouldsayHenryisnot________muchawriterasareporter.[A]that[B]so[C]this(B)[D]as
4.Iwon’tpay20forthecoat;it’snotworth________.[A]allthatmuch[B]thatmuchall[C]thatallmuch(A)[D]muchallthat
5.Hedidn’tgointodetailonthesubject;hespoke________.[A]incommon[B]ingeneral[C]inparticular(C)[D]inshort
6.It’struethattheoldroadislessdirectandabitlonger.Wewon’ttakethenewone________becausewedon’tfeelassafeonit.[A]somehow[B]though[C]therefore(B)[D]otherwise
7.Whenyouareaboutthroughthestory________trytomakeaguesshowtheplotwilldevelop.[A]half[B]midway[C]halfway(C)[D]one-half
8.ThoughalreadyateenagerPeterstillfindsithardto________hisfavoritetoys.[A]partoff[B]partwith[C]partaway(B)[D]partfrom
9.Strenuouseffortshavebeenmadeto________governmentexpensestoadesirablelevel.[A]cutdown[B]cutshort[C]cutout(A)[D]cutoff
10.Whenatapartybesurenotto________fromthepersonwhotriestoengageyouinconversation.[A]turndown[B]turnaway[C]turnoff(C)[D]turnback
11.Thesurvival________ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.[A]rate[B]degree[C]ratio(A)[D]scale
12.Hewas________admittancetothetheatrefornotbeingproperlydressed.[A]denied[B]rejected[C]repelled(A)[D]deprived
13.WhenIaskyouaquestionIexpecta________answer.[A]punctual[B]fast[C]rapid(D)[D]prompt
14.Ifamanislegallyseparatedfromhiswifeishestill________forherdebts[A]answerable[B]chargeable[C]recoverable(A)[D]payable
15.AtthemeetingRolandargued________infavoroftheproposal.[A]severely[B]heavily[C]forcefully(C)[D]warmlySectionIIReadingComprehensionEachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.20pointsText1Itdoesn’tcomeasasurprisetoyoutorealizethatitmakesnodifferencewhatyoureadorstudyifyoucan’trememberit.Youjustwasteyourvaluabletime.Maybeyouhavealreadydiscoveredsomecleverwaystokeepyourselffromforgetting.Onedependableaidthatdoeshelpyourememberwhatyoustudyistohaveaspecificpurposeorreasonforreading.Yourememberbetterwhatyoureadwhenyouknowwhyyou’rereading.Whydoesaclerkinastoregoawayandleaveyouwhenyourreplytoheroffertohelpis“Nothankyou.I’mjustlooking”Bothyouandsheknowthatifyouaren’tsurewhatyouwantyouarenotlikelytofindit.Butsupposeyousayinstead“Yesthankyou.Iwantapairofsunglasses.”Shesays“Rightthiswayplease.”Andyouandsheareoff--botheagertolookforexactlywhatyouwant.It’squitethesamewithyourstudying.Ifyouchoseabookatrandom“justlooking”fornothinginparticularyouarelikelytogetjustthat--nothing.Butifyoudoknowwhatyouwantandifyouhavetherightbookyouarealmostsuretogetit.Yourreasonswillvary;theywillincludereadingorstudying“tofindoutmoreabout”“tounderstandthereasonsfor”“tofindouthow”.Agoodstudenthasaclearpurposeorreasonforwhatheisdoing.Thisisthewayitworks.Beforeyoustarttostudyyousaytoyourselfsomethinglikethis“IwanttoknowwhyStephenVincentBenethappenedtowriteaboutAmerica.I’mreadingthisarticletofindout.”Or“I’mgoingtoskimthisstorytoseewhatlifewaslikeinmedievalEngland.”Becauseyouknowwhyyouarereadingorstudyingyourelatetheinformationtoyourpurposeandrememberitbetter.Readingisnotonesingleactivity.Atleasttwoimportantprocessesgoonatthesametime.Asyoureadyoutakeinideasrapidlyandaccurately.Butatthesametimeyouexpressyourownideastoyourselfasyoureacttowhatyouread.Youhaveakindofmentalconversationwiththeauthor.Ifyouexpressedyourideasorallytheymightsoundlikethis:“YesIagree.That’smyopiniontoo.”or“UmmmmIthoughtthatrecordwasbrokenmuchearlier.I’dbettercheckthosedates”or“Buttherearesomeotherfactstobeconsidered!”Youdon’tjustsittheretakinginideas--youdosomethingelseandthatsomethingelseisveryimportant.Thisadditionalprocessofthinkingaboutwhatyoureadincludesevaluatingitrelatingittowhatyoualreadyknowandusingitforyourownpurposes.Inotherwordsagoodreaderisacriticalreader.Onepartofcriticalreadingasyouhavediscoveredisdistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Factscanbecheckedbyevidence.Opinionsareone’sownpersonalreactions.Anotherpartofcriticalreadingisjudgingsources.Stillanotherpartisdrawingaccurateinferences.
16.Ifyoucannotrememberwhatyoureadorstudy________.[A]itisnosurprise[B]itmeansyouhavenotreallylearnedanything[C]itmeansyouhavenotchosentherightbook(B)[D]yourealizeitisofnoimportance
17.Beforeyoustartreadingitisimportant________.[A]tomakesurewhyyouarereading[B]torelatetheinformationtoyourpurpose[C]torememberwhatyouread(A)[D]tochooseaninterestingbook
18.Readingactivityinvolves________.[A]onlytwosimultaneousprocesses[B]primarilylearningaboutideasandevaluatingthemcritically[C]merelydistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions(B)[D]mainlydrawingaccurateinferences
19.Agoodreaderisonewho________.[A]relateswhathereadstohisownknowledgeaboutthesubjectmatter[B]doeslotsofthinkinginhisreading[C]takesacriticalattitudeinhisreading(C)[D]isabletocheckthefactspresentedagainstwhathehasalreadyknownText2Ifyouliveinalargecityyouarequitefamiliarwithsomeoftheproblemsofnoisebutbecauseofsomeofitsharmfuleffectsyoumaynotbeawareoftheextentofitsinfluenceonhumanbehavior.Althougheveryonemoreorlessknowswhatnoiseisi.e.itissoundsthatonewouldrathernothearitisperhapsbesttodefineitmorepreciselyforscientificpurposes.Onesuchdefinitionisthatnoiseissoundsthatareunrelatedtothetaskathand.Thusstimulithatatonetimemightbeconsideredrelevantwillatanothertimebeconsiderednoisedependingonwhatoneisdoingatthemoment.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagreatdealofinterestintheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehaviorandconceptssuchas“noisepollution”havearisentogetherwithmovementstoreducenoise.Exposuretoloudnoisescandefinitelyproduceapartialorcompletelossofhearingdependingontheintensitydurationandfrequencycompositionofthenoise.Manyjobspresentnoisehazardssuchasworkinginfactoriesandaroundjetaircraftdrivingfarmtractorsandworkingorsittinginmusichallswhererockbandsareplaying.Ingeneralcontinuousexposuretosoundsofover80decibelsameasureoftheloudnessofsoundcanbeconsidereddangerous.Decibelvaluescorrespondtovarioussounds.Soundsaboveabout85decibelsmayifexposureisforasufficientperiodoftimeproducesignificanthearingloss.Actuallosswilldependupontheparticularfrequenciestowhichoneisexposedandwhetherthesoundiscontinuousorintermittent.Noisecanhaveunexpectedharmfuleffectsonperformanceofcertainkindsoftasksforinstanceifoneisperformingawatchkeepingtaskthatrequiresvigilanceinwhichheisresponsiblefordetectingweaksignalsofsomekinde.g.watchingaradarscreenfortheappearanceofaircraft.Communicatingwithotherpeopleisunfavorablyaffectedbynoise.Ifyouhaveriddenintherearofajettransportyoumayhavenoticedthatitwasdifficulttocarryonaconversationatfirstandthateventuallyyouadjustedtheloudnessofyourspeechtocompensatefortheeffect.Theproblemisnoise.
20.Noisediffersfromsoundinthat________.[A]itissoundsthatinterferewiththetaskbeingdone[B]itisaspecialtypeofloudsound[C]itisusuallyunavoidableinbigcities(A)[D]itcanbedefinedmorepreciselythanthelatter
21.Oneoftheharmfuleffectsofnoiseonhumanperformanceisthat________.[A]itreducesone’ssensitivity[B]itrendersthevictimhelpless[C]itdeprivesoneoftheenjoymentofmusic(A)[D]itdrownsoutconversationsatworksites
22.Thepurposeofthispassageis________.[A]todefinetheeffectsofnoiseonhumanbehavior[B]towarnpeopleofthedangerofnoisepollution[C]togiveadviceastohowtopreventhearingloss(A)[D]totellthedifferencebetweennoiseandsoundText3Thetraditionalbeliefthatawoman’splaceisinthehomeandthatawomanoughtnottogoouttoworkcanhardlybereasonablymaintainedinpresentconditions.Itissaidthatitisawoman’stasktocareforthechildrenbutfamiliestodaytendtobesmallandwithayearortwobetweenchildren.Thusawoman’swholeperiodofchildbearingmayoccurwithinfiveyears.Furthermorewithcompulsoryeducationfromtheageoffiveorsixherroleaschiefeducatorofherchildrensoonceases.Thusevenifweagreethatawomanshouldstayathometolookafterherchildrenbeforetheyareofschoolageformanywomenthisperiodwouldextendonlyforabouttenyears.Itmightbearguedthatthehouse-proudwomanwouldstillfindplentytodoaboutthehome.Thatmaybesobutitiscertainlynolongernecessaryforawomantospendherwholelifecookingcleaningmendingandsewing.Washingmachinestakethedrudgeryoutoflaundrythelatestmodelsbeingentirelyautomaticandabletowashanddryalargequantityofclothesinafewminutes.Refrigeratorshavemadeitpossibletostorefoodforlongperiodsandmanypre-cookedfoodsareobtainableintins.Shoppinginsteadofbeingadailytaskcanbecompletedinonedayaweek.Thenewman-madefibersaremorehardwiringthannaturalfibersandgreatlyreducemendingwhilegoodready-madeclothesarecheapandplentiful.Apartfromwomen’sownhappinesstheneedsofthecommunitymustbeconsidered.Modernsocietycannotdowellwithoutthecontributionthatwomencanmakeinprofessionsandotherkindsofwork.Thereisaseriousshortageofnursesandteacherstomentiononlytwooftheoccupationsfollowedbywomen.Itisextremelywastefultogiveyearsoftrainingatpublicexpenseonlytohavethequalifiedteacherornursemarryafterayearortwoandbelostforevertoherprofession.Thetrainingitistruewillhelpherindutiesasamotherbutifshecontinuedtoworkherservicewouldbemorewidelyuseful.Manyfactoriesandshopstooarelargelystaffedbywomenmanyofthemmarried.Whileherethequestionoftrainingisnotsoimportantindustryandtradewouldbeseriouslyshortofstaffifmarriedwomendidnotwork.
23.Theauthorholdsthat________.[A]therightplaceforallwomenmarriedorotherwiseisthehomenotelsewhere[B]allmarriedwomenshouldhavesomeoccupationoutsidethehome[C]amarriedwomanshouldgivefirstprioritytoherdutiesasamother(B)[D]itisdesirableforuneducatedmarriedwomentostayathomeandtakecareofthefamily
24.Ahouse-proudwoman________.[A]woulddevoteherwholelifetoherfamily[B]wouldtakeherownhappinessandthatofherfamilyasherchiefconcern[C]wouldstillneedsomespecialtrainingatpublicexpensetohelpherinherdutiesasahousewife(D)[D]wouldtakefulladvantageofmodernhouseholdappliances
25.Accordingtotheauthormodernsociety________.[A]canoperatejustaswellevenwithoutwomenparticipation[B]hasbeengreatlyhamperedinitsdevelopmentbytheshortageofwomennursesandwomenteachers[C]cannotoperateproperlywithoutthecontributionofwomen(C)[D]willbeseriouslyaffectedbythecontinuingshortageofworkingwomeninheavyindustriesandinternationaltradeSectionIIIClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.10pointsIn1620asmallsailboatnamedtheMayflowerleftEnglandfortheNewWorld.TheMayflowerheadedfortheJamestowncolonyonthewarmshoreofVirginia.ItsonehundredpassengerswerethePilgrims.TheywerelookingforaplacewheretheycouldworshipGod.BecauseofstrongwindsandseverestormstheMayflowerlostits.ThebravegroupofcolonistsfinallyhadtolandatPlymouthontherockycoastofMassachusettsinDecember
1620.Itwasthemiddleofthesternnorthernwinter.monthsofstarvationdiseaseanddeathwereaheadofthem.Onlythestrongestofthepilgrimsthatwinter.Manywomengavetheirownpitifulrationstotheirchildrenanddiedforlackoffoodforthemselves.Livingbegantoimproveinthespringof
1621.Therewerewildvegetables.Therewereberriesandfruit.Fishandgamewereplentiful.Thereforetheywereabletogetenoughfreshmeatdespitetheirlackofskillorexperienceinhuntingandfishing.Thecolonists’healthwiththewarmweatherandtheirbetterdiet.Inthefalltheylookbackthepastyear.Theywerebothregretfulandthankful.Onlyfiftyoftheoriginalonehundredpassengersremained.Thepriceinhumanlifeandtragedyhadbeengreat.Ontheotherhandtheysawnewhopeforthefuture.Asplendidharvestwasthem.Theywerereadyforthesecondwinterwithconfidence.Theyhadelevencrudehousesforprotectionagainsttheseverewinter.Sevenwereforfamiliesandfourwereforcommunaluse.theyhadestablishedatreatyoffriendshipwiththeirIndianneighborsunderChiefMassasoitinthesummer.Thewoodsandforestsbecamesafe.WhentheMayflowerreturnedtoEnglandthatsummertherewerenocolonists.AttheendoftheirfirstyearintheirnewhomethePilgrimswantedtocelebratewitharealholiday.ItwastheirfirstThanksgivingDay.
26.[A]intheirownstyle[B]intheirownway[C]ontheirown(B)[D]oftheirown
27.[A]course[B]route[C]passage(A)[D]channel
28.[A]Uncomfortable[B]Bad[C]Unfavourable(D)[D]Terrible
29.[A]passed[B]sustained[C]survived(C)[D]spent
30.[A]situations[B]environments[C]conditions(C)[D]circumstances
31.[A]strengthened[B]regained[C]recovered(D)[D]improved
32.[A]in[B]of[C]over(C)[D]at
33.[A]on[B]behind[C]for(B)[D]beyond
34.[A]Bestofall[B]Forthebest[C]Totheirbest(A)[D]Allinall
35.[A]ashore[B]around[C]about(D)[D]aboardSectionIVError-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A][B][C]and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.ThenwithoutalteringthemeaningofthesentencewritedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.10pointsEXAMPLE:You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethinghardly.ANSWER:[C]anything
36.Theunionandthemanagementarehavingsuchtimeonacontracttheforthcomingyearthattheworkers.([A]suchadifficult)
37.Hegotupwalkedtheroomandasharpquickmovementthedoor.([D]wideopen)
38.HisvictorywasthanIhad.([C]convincing)
39.Becausetherearememberspresenttonighttherelastnightwemustwaituntilthenext.([A]fewer)
40.We’vegivenhimabouteverythinghewhateverhewant([B]askedfor)
41.Inastrictdisciplinehastobeandallinessentialdetailsunnecessarywords.([B]keptto)
42.Whenthetankcarthepoisonousgastherailsthefirementriedtoisolatethevillageall.([A]carrying)
43.frankisagreatreliefin.([B]it)
44.aminimumthenegotiatorsareanagreementwithdetailstolater.([B]hopingtoachieve)
45.Itisthatinrecentyearscigarettesmokershavebeenespeciallyamongpeople.([C]onthedecline)SectionVVerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswerintheANSWERSHEET.10pointsEXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________appointforthiscollege.ANSWER:shouldbeappointed
46.IntheMiddleAgesinRomeVeniceandotherItaliancitiestheredevelopedanintellectualmovement________callhumanismwhichwasthebasisoftheRenaissance.(called)
47.Iflawandorder________benotpreservedneitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafe.(is)
48.Thecolonelwasdecoratedforbravery________fightofftheenemy.(havingfought)
49.It’squiteobviousthatPaulwon’tsellhisbusinessnowthathe’sgotit________runsowell.(running)
50.________Notwishtodisturbhisbabysisterhetiptoedintotheroom.(Notwishing)
51.Ihappened________talkwithhimwhenhewashitbyaballandcollapsed.(tobetalking)
52.Theapplicants________interviewarerequiredtobringallthenecessarypapers.(tobeinterviewed)
53.Victorobviouslydoesn’tknowwhat’shappenedotherwisehe________notmakesuchastupidremark.(wouldn’thavemade)
54.Such________bethecasetherearenogroundstojustifyyourcomplaints.(being)
55.Thecarshowsnosignsof________repair;itlookslikeanewone.(havingbeenrepaired)SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.15points
56.恶劣的天气使他无法按时动身去北京
57.请先把事故的原因查清楚再向主任汇报
58.直到演出已经开始,他才匆匆赶到
59.经当地政府批准后,他们取消了原定的项目
60.他听到这意外消息,吃惊得连一句话也说不出来SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.20pointsSeatedbehindthefrontdeskataNewYorkfirmthereceptionistwasefficient.Stylishlydressedthefirm’snewestemployeehadapleasanttelephonevoiceandanaturalcharmthatputclientsatease.Thecompanywaspleased:61Clearlythiswasapersonwhotookconsiderableprideinpersonalappearance.DavidKingthereceptionistisunusualbutbynomeansunique.62Justasalltruckdriversandconstructionworkersarenolongernecessarilymenallsecretariesandreceptionistsarenolongerautomaticallywomen.Thenumberofmeninwomen-dominatedfieldsisstillsmallandtheyhaven’tattractedtheattentionthathasoftenfollowedwomenadvancingintomale-dominatedfieldsbutmenaremovingintomoreandmorejobsthathavetraditionallybeenheldbywomen.Strictlyspeakingthephenomenonisnotnew.Forthepastseveraldecadesmenhavebeenquietlyenteringfieldssuchasnursingsocialworkandelementaryeducation.Buttodaynojobseemsoff-limits.Menservecoffeeinofficesandmealsonairplanes.63Thesechangesarehelpingtoinfluencesomeofthelong-standingtraditionsaboutthetypesofworkmenandwomencando--buttheyalsoproducesomeundeniableproblemsforthemenwhoareenteringthosefieldsformerlydominatedbywomen.Whatkindsofmenventureintotheseso-called“women’sfields”Allkinds.64“Idon’tknowofanydefiniteanswersI’dbecomfortablewith”explainsJosephPleckPh.D.oftheWellesleyCollegeCentreforResearchonWomen.SamOrmontforexampleathirty-year-oldnurseataBostonhospitalwentintonursingbecausethearmyhadtrainedhimasamedicalworker.65“Ifoundthatworkveryinteresting.”herecalled“andwhenIgotoutoftheserviceitjustseemednaturalformetogointosomethingmedical.Iwasn’treallyinterestedinbecomingadoctor.”Thirty-five-year-oldDavidKinganout-of-workactorfoundajobasareceptionistbecausehewashavingtroublelandingrolesinBroadwayplaysandheneededtopaytherent.66Inotherwordsmenenter“female”jobsoutofthesameconsiderationforpersonalinterestandeconomicnecessitythatmotivatesanyonelookingforwork.Butsimilaritiesoftenendthere.Meninfemale-dominatedjobsareconspicuous.Asagrouptheirworkhistoriesdifferinmostrespectsfromthoseoftheirfemalecolleaguesandtheyarefrequentlytreateddifferentlybythepeoplewithwhomtheyareinprofessionalcontact.Thequestionnaturallyarises:Whyaretherestillapproximatelyninety-ninefemalesecretariesforeveryonemaleThereisalsoamoreseriousissue.Mostmendon’twanttobereceptionistsnursessecretariesorsewingworkers.Putsimplythesearenotgenerallyconsideredverymasculinejobs.67Tochoosesuchalineofworkistoinviteridicule.“Therewaskiddinginthebeginning”recallsOrmont.“KidscomingfromschoolaskwhatIamandwhenIsay‘Anurse’theylaughatme.Ijustsmileandsay‘Youknowtherearefemaledoctorstoo.’”Stillthereareencouragingsigns.Yearsagomalegradeschoolteacherswereasrareasmalenurses.Todaymorethanoneelementaryschoolteacherinsixismale.68Canweanticipateadaywhensecretarieswillbeanevenmixofmenandwomen--orwhenthementionofamalenursewillnolongerraiseeyebrowsIt’sprobablycoming--butnotverysoon.1988年考研英语真题答案I:StructureandVocabulary15points
1.[C]
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36.[A]suchadifficult
37.[D]wideopen
38.[C]convincing
39.[A]fewer
40.[B]askedfor
41.[B]keptto
42.[A]carrying
43.[B]it
44.[B]hopingtoachieve
45.[C]onthedeclineV:VerbForms10points
46.called
47.is
48.havingfought
49.running
50.Notwishing
51.tobetalking
52.tobeinterviewed
53.wouldn’thavemade
54.being
55.havingbeenrepairedVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslation15points
56.BadweatherpreventedhimfromstartingoutforBeijingontime.
57.Pleasemakesureofthecauseoftheaccidentandthenreporttothedirector.
58.Hearrivedinahurryaftertheperformancehadalreadystarted.
59.Withtheapprovalofthelocalgovernmenttheycancelledtheoriginalproject.
60.Uponhearingtheunexpectednewshewassosurprisedthathecouldn’tutteraword.VII:English-ChineseTranslation20points
61.他显然,他是个对自己的仪表感到相当自豪的人
62.正像卡车司机和建筑工人再没必要都是男的一样,秘书和接待员再也不一定都是女的
63.这些变化正影响着长期存在的传统观念中关于男女各可以干哪几类工作的看法,但这对于进入原先以妇女为主的那些的男人来说,无疑也带来一些问题
64.我还没听说过有任何使我感到满意的确切答案
65.他回忆说“我觉得那种工作十分有趣,当我退役时,对我来说,去干某种医务工作,似乎是极其自然的”
66.换句话说,男人干起了“女人干的”工作,其动机是同任何找工作干的人一样,既出于个人的兴趣,也出于经济上需要的考虑
67.选定这一类工作是会惹人笑话的
68.我们是否能预见到这么一天那时当秘书的男女各占一半或有人提到某个男人当护士时,人们不会再感到吃惊1987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.10pointsEXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]
1.Theskyscraperstandsout________thebluesky.[A]in[B]against[C]under(B)[D]beneath
2.Theyhavealwaysbeenongood________withtheirnext-doorneighbors.[A]friendship[B]relations[C]connection(D)[D]terms
3.Hello!Isthat21035Pleaseputme________tothemanager.[A]across[B]up[C]through(C)[D]over
4.Whydoyoulookso________Youneversmileorlookcheerful.[A]miserable[B]unfortunate[C]sorry(A)[D]rude
5.Eggsthoughnourishinghave________offatcontent.[A]largenumber[B]alargenumber[C]thehighamount(D)[D]ahighamount
6.Jimalways________hisclassmatesinadebate.[A]backsout[B]backsaway[C]backsup(C)[D]backsdown
7.Mostofthepeoplewho________twoworldwarsarestronglyagainstarmsrace.[A]havelivedout[B]havelivedthrough[C]havelivedon(B)[D]havelivedoff
8.Therearemanyinconveniencesthathavetobe________whenyouarecamping.[A]putup[B]putupwith[C]putoff(B)[D]putaway
9.Isittruethatthoseoldhousesarebeingpulleddown________newofficeblocks[A]toaccommodate[B]toprovidefor[C]toincrease(D)[D]tomakeroomfor
10.Beinginnogreathurry________.[A]wewentthelongroutewithscenery[B]thelongscenicroutewasourpreference[C]wetookthelongscenicroute(C)[D]ourpreferencewastakingthelongscenicrouteSectionIIReadingComprehensionEachofthreepassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersreadthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.15pointsText1Forcenturiesmendreamedofachievingverticalflight.In400A.D.Chinesechildrenplayedwithafan-liketoythatspunupwardsandfellbacktoearthasrotationceased.LeonardodaVinciconceivethefirstmechanicalapparatuscalleda“Helix”whichcouldcarrymanstraightupbutwasonlyadesignandwasnevertested.Theancient-dreamwasfinallyrealizedin1940whenaRussianengineerpilotedastrangelookingcraftofsteeltubingwitharotatingfanontop.Itroseawkwardlyandverticallyintotheairfromastandingstarthoveredafewfeetabovethegroundwentsidewaysandbackwardsandthensettledbacktoearth.Thevehiclewascalledahelicopter.Imaginationswerefired.Mendreamedofgoingtoworkintheirownpersonalhelicopters.Peopleanticipatethatverticalflighttransportswouldcarrymillionsofpassengersasdotheairlinersoftoday.Suchfantasticexpectationswerenotfulfilled.Thehelicopterhasnowbecomeanextremelyusefulmachine.Itexcelsinmilitarymissionscarryingtroopsgunsandstrategicinstrumentswhereotheraircraftcannotgo.Corporationsusethemasairborneofficesmanymetropolitanareasusetheminpoliceworkconstructionandloggingcompaniesemploytheminvariousadvantageouswaysengineersusethemforsiteselectionandsurveyingandoilcompaniesusethemasthebestwaytomakeoffshoreandremoteworkstationsaccessibletocrewsandsupplies.Anyurgentmissiontoahard-to-get-toplaceisalikelytaskforahelicopter.Amongtheirothermultitudeofused:deliverpeopleacrosstownflytoandfromairportsassistinrescueworkandaidinthesearchformissingorwantedpersons.
11.Peopleexpectthat________.[A]theairlinersoftodaywouldeventuallybereplacedbyhelicopters[B]helicopterswouldsomedaybeabletotransportlargenumberofpeoplefromplacetoplaceasairlinersarenowdoing[C]theimaginationsfiredbytheRussianengineer’sinventionwouldbecomearealityinthefuture(B)[D]theirfantasticexpectationsabouthelicopterscouldbefulfilledbyairlinersoftoday
12.Helicoptersworkwiththeaidof________.[A]acombinationofrotatingdevicesinfrontandontop[B]arotatingdevicetopside[C]onerotatingfaninthecenteroftheaircraftandothersateachend(B)[D]arotatingfanunderneathforlifting
13.Whatissaidaboutthedevelopmentofthehelicopter[A]Helicoptershaveonlybeenworkedonbymansince
1940.[B]Chinesechildrenwerethefirsttoachieveflightinhelicopters.[C]Helicopterswereconsideredmoredangerousthantheearlyairplanes.(D)[D]Somepeoplethoughttheywouldbecomewidelyusedbyaverageindividuals.
14.Howhastheuseofhelicoptersdeveloped[A]Theyhavebeenwidelyusedforvariouspurposes.[B]Theyaretakingtheplaceofhigh-flyingjets.[C]Theyareusedforrescuework.(A)[D]Theyarenowusedexclusivelyforcommercialprojects.
15.Underwhatconditionsarehelicoptersfoundtobeabsolutelyessential[A]Foroverseaspassengertransportation.[B]Forextremelyhighaltitudeflights.[C]Forhigh-speedtransportation.(D)[D]Forurgentmissiontoplacesinaccessibletootherkindsofcraft.Text2InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligiousassociations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonorofZeuskingoftheOlympianGodseventuallylostitslocalcharacterbecamefirstanationaleventandthenaftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolishedinternational.NooneknowsexactlyhowfarbacktheOlympicGamesgobutsomeofficialrecordsdatefrom776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.ManythousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreecebutnomarriedwomanwasadmittedevenasaspectator.Slaveswomenanddishonoredpersonswerenotallowedtocompete.Theexactsequenceofeventsuncertainbuteventsincludedboy’sgymnasticsboxingwrestlinghorseracingandfieldeventsthoughtherewerefewersportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.OnthelastdayoftheGamesallthewinnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.Sogreatwasthehonorthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhisvictory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoneytheywereinfactrichlyrewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodernstandardsweunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1200yearstheGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.TheycontinuedforsuchalongtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathatahealthybodyproducedahealthymindandthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsandgameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1500yearsbeforeanothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin
1896.NowadaystheGamesareheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilitiesincludingastadiumswimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodationbutcompetingcourtierspaytheirownathletes’expenses.TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthestadiumofatorchlightedonMountOlympusbythesun’srays.Itiscarriedbyasuccessionofrunnerstothestadium.ThetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationoftheancientGreekathleticidealsanditburnsthroughouttheGamesuntiltheclosingceremony.Thewell-knownOlympicflaghoweverisamodernconception:thefiveinterlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.
16.InancientGreecetheOlympicGames________.[A]weremerelynationalathleticfestivals[B]wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolour[C]hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageousposition(B)[D]wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants
17.IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames________.[A]onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateinthegames[B]allGreeksirrespectiveofsexreligionorsocialstatuswereallowedtotakepart[C]allGreekswiththeexceptionofwomenwereallowedtocompeteinGames(A)[D]allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteintheGames
18.TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics________.[A]hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished[B]variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors[C]wasdecidedbyZeusinwhosehonortheGameswereheld(A)[D]wasconsideredunimportant
19.Modernathletes’resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunnersbecause________.[A]theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults[B]theyaremuchbetter[C]detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast(C)[D]theyaremuchworse
20.Nowadaystheathletes’expensesarepaidfor________.[A]outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners[B]outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations[C]bytheathletesthemselves(B)[D]bycontributionsText3Insciencethemeaningoftheword“explain”sufferswithcivilization’severystepinsearchofreality.Sciencecannotreallyexplainelectricitymagnetismandgravitation;theireffectscanbemeasuredandpredictedbutoftheirnaturenomoreisknowntothemodernscientistthantoThaleswhofirstlookedintothenatureoftheelectrificationofamberahardyellowish-browngum.Mostcontemporaryphysicistsrejectthenotionthatmancaneverdiscoverwhatthesemysteriousforces“really”are.“Electricity”BertrandRussellsays“isnotathinglikeSt.Paul’sCathedral;itisawayinwhichthingsbehave.Whenwehavetoldhowthingsbehavewhentheyareelectrifiedandunderwhatcircumstancestheyareelectrifiedwehavetoldallthereistotell.”Untilrecentlyscientistswouldhavedisapprovedofsuchanidea.AristotleforexamplewhosenaturalsciencedominatedWesternthoughtfortwothousandyearsbelievedthatmancouldarriveatanunderstandingofrealitybyreasoningfromself-evidentprinciples.Hefeltforexamplethatitisaself-evidentprinciplethateverythingintheuniversehasitsproperplacehenceonecandeducethatobjectsfalltothegroundbecausethat’swheretheybelongandsmokegoesupbecausethat’swhereitbelongs.ThegoalofAristoteliansciencewastoexplainwhythingshappen.ModernsciencewasbornwhenGalileobegantryingtoexplainhowthingshappenandthusoriginatedthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwhichnowformsthebasisofscientificinvestigation.
21.Theaimofcontrolledscientificexperimentsis________.[A]toexplainwhythingshappen[B]toexplainhowthingshappen[C]todescribeself-evidentprinciples(B)[D]tosupportAristotelianscience
22.Whatprinciplesmostinfluencedscientificthoughtfortwothousandyears[A]thespeculationsofThales[B]theforcesofelectricitymagnetismandgravity[C]Aristotle’snaturalscience(C)[D]Galileo’sdiscoveries
23.BertrandRussell’snotionaboutelectricityis________.[A]disapprovedofbymostmodernscientists[B]inagreementwithAristotle’stheoryofself-evidentprinciples[C]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“how”thingshappen(C)[D]inagreementwithscientificinvestigationdirectedtoward“why”thingshappen
24.Thepassagesaysthatuntilrecentlyscientistsdisagreedwiththeidea________.[A]thattherearemysteriousforcesintheuniverse[B]thatmancannotdiscoverwhatforces“really”are[C]thatthereareself-evidentprinciples(B)[D]thatwecandiscoverwhythingsbehaveastheydo
25.Modernsciencecameintobeing________.[A]whenthemethodofcontrolledexperimentwasfirstintroduced[B]whenGalileosucceededinexplaininghowthingshappen[C]whenAristotelianscientisttriedtoexplainwhythingshappen(A)[D]whenscientistswereabletoacquireanunderstandingofrealityofreasoningSectionIIIStructureandVocabularyFillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethesentence.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.10pointsEXAMPLE:Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhadit________sixhours.[A]ended[B]finished[C]was[D]lastedANSWER:[D]
26.Asscheduledthecommunicationssatellitewentinto________roundtheearth.[A]circle[B]orbit[C]path(B)[D]course
27.WhenIsawJaneIstoppedandsmiledbutshe________meandwalkedon.[A]refused[B]ignored[C]denied(B)[D]missed
28.Itwasagoodgameandattheendthe________wasArgentina3WestGermany
2.[A]mark[B]account[C]record(D)[D]score
29.Georgetook________ofthefineweathertodoaday’sworkinhisgarden.[A]chance[B]interest[C]advantage(C)[D]charge
30.Isthereanyonewho________theplansputforwardbythecommittee[A]differs[B]opposes[C]disagrees(B)[D]refuses
31.Alltoo________itwastimetogobacktoschoolafterthesummervacation.[A]often[B]quick[C]fast(D)[D]soon
32.Inanaccidentwhentwocarsrunintoeachotherthey________.[A]hit[B]knock[C]strike(D)[D]collide
33.Thenoisewascausedbyaboy________acatthroughthegarden.[A]catching[B]fighting[C]following(D)[D]chasing
34.Hedrovefastandarrivedanhour________ofschedule.[A]inadvance[B]ahead[C]abreast(B)[D]infront
35.Thisticket________youtoafreemealinournewrestaurant.[A]gives[B]entitles[C]grants(B)[D]creditsSectionIVClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoice.10pointsEXAMPLE:Forinstancetheautomobiletunnelmight________hugeventilationproblems.[A]make[B]bring[C]raise[D]createANSWER:[D]Chequeshavereplacedmoneyasameansofexchangefortheyarewidelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisveryconvenientforbothbuyerandselleritshouldnotbeforgottenthatchequesarenotrealmoney:theyarequitevaluelessinthemselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunsacertainwhenheacceptsachequesandheisquitehisrightsifonoccasionherefusestodoso.Peopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodfaithiscalled.Anoldandverywealthyfriendofminetoldmehehadanextremelyunpleasantexperience.Hewenttoafamousjewelryshopwhichkeepsalargeofpreciousstonesandaskedtobeshownsomepearlnecklaces.AfterexaminingseveraltrayshedecidedtobuyaparticularlyfinestringofpearlsandaskedifhecouldpaybyCheques.Theassistantsaidthatthiswasquitebutthemomentmyfriendsignedhisnamehewasinvitedintothemanager’soffice.ThemanagerwasverypolitebutheexplainedthatsomeonewithexactlythesamenamehadpresentedthemwithaworthlessChequenotlongago.Myfriendgotveryangrywhenheheardthisandsaidhewouldbuyanecklacesomewhereelse.Whenhegotuptogothemanagertoldhimthatthepolicewouldarriveatanymomentandhehadbetterstaythewantedtogetintoserioustrouble.thepolicearrivedsoonafterwards.Theyapologizedtomyfriendforthebutexplainedthatapersonwhohadusedthesamenameashiswasresponsibleforanumberofrecentrobberies.Thenthepoliceaskedmyfriendtocopyoutanotewhichhadbeenusedbythethiefinanumberofshops.Thenote:“Ihaveaguninmypocket.Asknoquestionsandgivemeallthemoneyinthesafe.”Fortunatelymyfriend’shandwritingwasquiteunlikethethief’s.Hewasnotonlyallowedtogowithoutfurtherdelaybuttotakethestringofpearlswithhim.
36.[A]exactly[B]really[C]largely(C)[D]thoroughly
37.[A]danger[B]chance[C]risk(C)[D]opportunity
38.[A]within[B]beyond[C]without(A)[D]outof
39.[A]indifficulty[B]indoubt[C]inearnest(D)[D]inquestion
40.[A]amount[B]stock[C]number(B)[D]store
41.[A]inorder[B]inneed[C]inuse(A)[D]incommon
42.[A]whether[B]if[C]otherwise(D)[D]unless
43.[A]Really[B]Sureenough[C]Certainly(B)[D]However
44.[A]treatment[B]manner[C]inconvenience(C)[D]behaviour
45.[A]read[B]told[C]wrote(A)[D]informedSectionVVerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswerintheANSWERSHEET.10pointsEXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________appointforthiscollege.ANSWER:shouldbeappointed
46.Withallfactors________considerwethinkthisprogrammayexcelalltheothersinachievingthegoal.(considered)
47.Theyhadbeenworkingroundtheclockforacoupleofdays________hopetogetthedesignoutbeforetheircompetitorsdid.(hoping)
48.There’sageneralunderstandingamongthemembersoftheBoardofDirectorsthatchiefattention________givetotheundertakingthatisexpectedtobringinhighestprofit.(shouldbegiven)
49.Ifwedon’tstartoutnowwemustrisk________missthetrain.(missing)
50.Thistest________intendtoreinforcewhatyouhavelearntinthepastfewweeks.(isintended)
51.Themembersofthedelegationwereglad________staylongerthanoriginallyplanned.(tohavestayed)
52.Withfullknowledgeofhispastexperienceweknewallalongthathe________succeed.(wouldsucceed)
53.________Knownotwhatappropriatemeasurestobetakentocopewiththesituationhewrotetohislawyerforadvice.(Notknowing)
54.It’snogood________writetohimheneveranswersletters.Theonlythingtodoistogoandseehim.(writing)
55.________Comewhatmaywe’renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.(come)SectionVIError-detectionandCorrectionEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedpartswordsorphrases.Thesepartsarelabeled[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.ThenwithoutalteringthemeaningofthesentencewritedownthecorrectwordorphraseonthelineintheANSWERSHEET.10pointsEXAMPLE:You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethinghardly.ANSWER:[C]anything
56.hisresponsetheadvertisementEd.repliedthathewaslookingforafull-timenotaone.([D]apart-time)
57.NoonewhohiminthelaboratorythatWilliamhasgreatcapabilitiesresearch.([D]for)
58.Neitherofthealternativesthatatacceptabletheexecutivecommittee.([C]was)
59.Airlinecompaniestodaythatallbeforepassengersareadmittedthewaitingrooms.([B]luggage)
60.AlthoughAlicetothemountainsbeforesheloves.([D]visitingthem)
61.AnimportantfunctionoftheWorldHealthOrganizationistotheandlivingconditionsforthesick.([B]health)
62.Theelementcarbonisininmanyformsincludingbothdiamondscoal.([D]and)
63.BizetknewthepianowellandhegrewolderhewroteoperasthemostfamousisCarmen.([B]howtoplay)
64.theSouthPoleisandastheNorthPoleitthantheNorthPole.([D]itiscolder)
65.conditionsfromplacetoplaceandfromseasontoseasonbutacertaincanbe.([D]identified)SectionVIIChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish15points
66.所有那些努力工作的人都应得到鼓励
67.我们恳切希望你早日给我们一个答复
68.即使你说服不了他,也不要灰心丧气
69.这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论
70.你讲英语时,发音要准,否则人家就听不懂你的意思SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.20pointsHavetherealwaysbeencities71Lifewithoutlargeurbanareasmayseeminconceivabletousbutactuallycitiesarerelativelyrecentdevelopment.Groupswithprimitiveeconomicsstillmanagewithoutthem.Thetrendhoweverisforsuchgroupstodisappearwhilecitiesareincreasinglybecomingthedominantmodeofman’ssocialexistence.72Historicallycitylifehasalwaysbeenamongtheelementswhichformacivilization.Anyhighdegreeofhumanendeavorandachievementhasbeencloselylinkedtolifeinanurbanenvironment.73Itisvirtuallyimpossibletoimaginethatuniversitieshospitalslargebusinessesorevenscienceandtechnologycouldhavecomeintobeingwithoutcitiestosupportthem.Tomostpeoplecitieshavetraditionallybeentheareaswheretherewasaconcentrationofcultureaswellasofopportunity.74Inrecentyearshoweverpeoplehavebeguntobecomeawarethatcitiesarealsoareaswherethereisaconcentrationofproblems.WhathashappenedtothemodernAmericancityActuallytheproblemisnotsuchanewone.LongbeforethiscenturystartedtherehadbegunatrendtowardtheconcentrationofthepooroftheAmericansocietyintothecities.Eachgreatwaveofimmigrationfromabroadandfromtheruralareasmadetheproblemworse.Duringthiscenturytherehasalsobeenthedevelopmentoflargesuburbanareassurroundingthecitiesfortherichprefertoliveintheseareas.Withinthecitiessectionsmaybesharplydividedintohighandlowrentdistrictsthe“rightsideoftown”andtheslums.Ofcourseeveryonewantstodosomethingaboutthisunhappysituation.Butthereisnoagreementastogoals.Neitheristhereanysystematicapproachorintegratedprogram.Opinionsareasdiverseasthepeoplewhogivethem.75Butonebasicdifferenceofopinionconcernsthequestionofwhetherornotthecityassuchistobepreserved.Perhapstransportationandthemeansofcommunicationhavereallymadeitpossiblefortheretobeanendtothebigcities.Ofcoursethereistheproblemofpersuadingpeopletomoveoutofthemoftheirownfreewill.76Andthereisalsotheobjectionthatthecityhasalwaysbeenthecorefromwhichculturaladvancementhasradiated.IsthishoweverstillthecasetodayinthepresenceofeasytransportationandcommunicationDoescultureariseasaresultofpeoplelivingtogethercommunallyorisittootheresultofdecisionsmadeatthelevelofgovernmentandthecommunicationsindustryItisprobablytruetosaythatmostpeopleprefertopreservethecities.Somethinkthatthecitiescouldbecleaneduportotallyrebuilt.Thisiseasytosay;itwouldnotbesoeasytodo.77Tobesureagreatrebuildingprojectwouldgivejobstomanyofthosepeoplewhoneedthem.Livingconditionscouldnothelpbutimproveatleastforawhile.ButwouldtheproblemsreturnaftertherebuildingwascompletedNeverthelesswiththemajorityofthepeoplelivinginurbanareastheproblemofthecitiesmustbesolved.78Fromagreementonthisgeneralgoalwehaveunfortunatelyinthepastproceededtodisagreementonspecificgoalsandfromtheretototalinaction.Atthebasisofmuchofthisinactionisanold-fashionedconcept--theideahumanconditionswillnaturallytendtoregulatethemselvesforthegeneralgoal.1987年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary10points
1.[B]
2.[D]
3.[C]
4.[A]
5.[D]
6.[C]
7.[B]
8.[B]
9.[D]
10.[C]SectionII:ReadingComprehension15points
11.[B]
12.[B]
13.[D]
14.[A]
15.[D]
16.[B]
17.[A]
18.[A]
19.[C]
20.[B]
21.[B]
22.[C]
23.[C]
24.[B]
25.[A]SectionIII:StructureandVocabulary10points
26.[B]
27.[B]
28.[D]
29.[C]
30.[B]
31.[D]
32.[D]
33.[D]
34.[B]
35.[B]SectionIV:ClozeTest10points
36.[C]
37.[C]
38.[A]
39.[D]
40.[B]
41.[A]
42.[D]
43.[B]
44.[C]
45.[A]SectionV:VerbForms10points
46.considered
47.hoping
48.shouldbegiven
49.missing
50.isintended
51.tohavestayed
52.wouldsucceed
53.Notknowing
54.writing
55.comeSectionVI:Error-detectionandCorrection10points
56.[D]apart-time
57.[D]for
58.[C]was
59.[B]luggage
60.[D]visitingthem
61.[B]health
62.[D]and
63.[B]howtoplay
64.[D]itiscolder
65.[D]identifiedSectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslation15points
66.Allthosewhoworkhardshouldbeencouraged.
67.Wesincerelyhopethatyougiveusanearlyreply.
68.Don’tfeeldiscouragedevenifyoushouldfailinpersuadinghim.
69.Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasbeendrawnonthematter.
70.WhenyouspeakEnglishyourpronunciationshouldbecorrect.Otherwiseyoucan’tmakeyourselfunderstood.SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation20points
71.对我们来说,生活要是没有广大的城市地区似乎是不可想象的,但实际上城市还是比较按期才发展起来的2分
72.从历史上看,城市生活始终是文明的一个组成部分2分
73.如果没有城市的支持,简直难以想象会有大学,医院,大企业,甚至连科学技术也不会有3分
74.可是,近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是问题成堆的地方2分
75.但是,一个最主要的分歧意见是,像目前这样的城市是否还要保存下去3分
76.同时也有人反对说,文化方面的进步,始终是以城市为中心而向外辐射的3分
77.诚然,一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多需要工作的人提供就业机会2分
78.遗憾的是,过去我们在总目标方面意见是一致的,但涉及到各个具体目标时,意见就不一致,因而也就根本没有什么行动3分1986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.15pointsEXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]
1.Nodoctorscouldcurethepatient________hisstrangedisease.[A]with[B]of[C]from(B)[D]off
2.Hewas________hiswits’endwhattodo.[A]in[B]on[C]at(C)[D]of
3.Prior________hisdepartureheaddressedalettertohisdaughter.[A]to[B]of[C]in(A)[D]from
4.Thedrivinginstructortoldmetopull________atthepostoffice.[A]up[B]back[C]round(A)[D]along
5.Whenthere’sadoubtthechairman’sdecisionis________.[A]right[B]definite[C]fixed(D)[D]final
6.WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismissionforhisjudgmentisalways________.[A]unquestionable[B]sound[C]subtle(B)[D]healthy
7.Thenoiseoftheplanedied________inthedistance.[A]away[B]out[C]down(A)[D]off
8.Hospitaldoctorsdon’tgooutveryoftenastheirwork________alltheirtime.[A]takesaway[B]takesin[C]takesover(D)[D]takesup
9.Attendancesatfootballmatcheshave________sincethecomingoftelevision.[A]droppedin[B]droppeddown[C]droppedoff(C)[D]droppedout
10.Afterthedeathoftheirparentsthesistersgotwell________andneverquarreled.[A]away[B]in[C]along(C)[D]out
11.Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatsto________comesfirst.[A]who[B]whom[C]whoever(C)[D]whomever
12.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication________theadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.[A]inthat[B]inwhich[C]inorderthat(A)[D]intheway
13.Heis________ofanactor.[A]anybody[B]anyone[C]somebody(D)[D]something
14.Thecaptainapologized________totellusmoreabouttheaccident.[A]fortobeunable[B]thathewasunable[C]tobeunable(D)[D]forbeingunable
15.________isnoreasonfordischargingher.[A]Becauseshewasafewminuteslate[B]Owingtoafewminutesbeinglate[C]Thefactthatshewasafewminuteslate(C)[D]BeingafewminuteslateSectionIIClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeled[A][B][C]and[D].Choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceinthebracketsbelowthepassage.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoices.10pointsOnWednesdayafternoonsAnnietookthebusintotowntoshopinthemarket.Foranhourorshewouldwalkupanddownbetweenthestallslookingateverythingbuyinghereandthereandasharplookoutforthebargainsthatweresometimestobehad.Andthenwithallthethingssheneededshewouldleavethemarketforthestreetsofthetowntospendanotherhourshelikedbest:lookinginfurnitureshopwindows.OneWednesdayshefoundanewshopfullofthemostdelightfulthingswithanoticeinvitinganyonetowalkinandlookwithoutfeelingtheyhadtobuysomething.Anniehesitatedforamomentbeforesteppingthroughthedoorwaywherealmostatonceshestoppedbeforeagreenarmchair.Therewasacardonthechairwhichsaid:“Thisfinechairisyourslessthanapoundaweek”andverysmallatthebottom“Cashpriceeighty-ninepoundsfifty.”Apoundaweek...shecouldalmostpaythatoutofherhousekeepingmoneyandnevermissit!Avoiceathershouldermadeher.“CanIhelpyouMadam”Shelookedroundattheassistantwhohadcomesoftlytoher.“Ohwellno”shesaid.“Iwasjustlooking.”“We’vechairsofallkindsintheshowroom.Ifyou’lljustcomeupyouwillfindsomethingtosuityou.”Annieworriedatthethoughtofbeingpersuadedtobuysomethingshedidn’tneedlefttheshophurriedly.
16.[A]so[B]more[C]else(A)[D]another
17.[A]taking[B]making[C]fixing(D)[D]keeping
18.[A]buy[B]bought[C]buying(B)[D]tohavebought
19.[A]inaway[B]bytheway[C]intheway(C)[D]ontheway
20.[A]behind[B]round[C]back(B)[D]on
21.[A]doubted[B]wondered[C]puzzled(D)[D]delighted
22.[A]at[B]for[C]with(B)[D]in
23.[A]Why[B]When[C]How(A)[D]What
24.[A]jump[B]leap[C]laugh(A)[D]wonder
25.[A]place[B]back[C]side(C)[D]frontSectionIIIReadingComprehensionEachofthetwopassagesbelowisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.10pointsText1Thereareagreatmanycareersinwhichtheincreasingemphasisisonspecialization.Youfindthesecareersinengineeringinproductioninstatisticalworkandinteaching.Butthereisanincreasingdemandforpeoplewhoareabletotakeingreatareaataglancepeoplewhoperhapsdonotknowtoomuchaboutanyonefield.Thereisinotherwordsademandforpeoplewhoarecapableofseeingtheforestratherthanthetreesofmakinggeneraljudgments.Wecancallthesepeople“generalists.”Andthese“generalists”areparticularlyneededforpositionsinadministrationwhereitistheirjobtoseethatotherpeopledotheworkwheretheyhavetoplanforotherpeopletoorganizeotherpeople’sworktobeginitandjudgeit.Thespecialistunderstandsonefield;hisconcerniswithtechniqueandtools.Heisa“trained”man;andhiseducationalbackgroundisproperlytechnicalorprofessional.Thegeneralist--andespeciallytheadministrator--dealswithpeople;hisconcerniswithleadershipwithplanningandwithdirectiongiving.Heisan“educated”man;andthehumanitiesarehisstrongestfoundation.Veryrarelyisaspecialistcapableofbeinganadministrator.Andveryrarelyisagoodgeneralistalsoagoodspecialistinparticularfield.Anyorganizationneedsbothkindsofpeoplethoughdifferentorganizationsneedthemindifferentproportions.Itisyourtasktofindoutduringyourtrainingperiodintowhichofthetwokindsofjobsyoufitandtoplanyourcareeraccordingly.Yourfirstjobmayturnouttobetherightjobforyou--butthisispureaccident.Certainlyyoushouldnotchangejobsconstantlyorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofyourabilitytoholdanyjob.Atthesametimeyoumustnotlookuponthefirstjobasthefinaljob;itisprimarilyatrainingjobanopportunitytounderstandyourselfandyourfitnessforbeinganemployee.
26.Thereisanincreasingdemandfor________.[A]allroundpeopleintheirownfields[B]peoplewhosejobistoorganizeotherpeople’swork[C]generalistswhoseeducationalbackgroundiseithertechnicalorprofessional(B)[D]specialistswhosechiefconcernistoprovideadministrativeguidancetoothers
27.Thespecialistis________.[A]amanwhosejobistotrainotherpeople[B]amanwhohasbeentrainedinmorethanonefields[C]amanwhocanseetheforestratherthanthetrees(D)[D]amanwhoseconcernismainlywithtechnicalorprofessionalmatters
28.Theadministratoris________.[A]a“trained”manwhoismoreaspecialistthanageneralist[B]amanwhoseesthetreesaswellastheforest[C]amanwhoisverystronginthehumanities(C)[D]amanwhoisan“educated”specialist
29.Duringyourtrainingperioditisimportant________.[A]totrytobeageneralist[B]tochooseaprofitablejob[C]tofindanorganizationwhichfitsyou(D)[D]todecidewhetheryouarefittobeaspecialistorageneralist
30.Aman’sfirstjob________.[A]isnevertherightjobforhim[B]shouldnotberegardedashisfinaljob[C]shouldnotbechangedorpeoplewillbecomesuspiciousofhisabilitytoholdanyjob(B)[D]isprimarilyanopportunitytofithimselfforhisfinaljobText2AtthebottomoftheworldliesamightycontinentstillwrappedintheIceAgeanduntilrecenttimesunknowntoman.Itisagreatlandmasswithmountainrangeswhoseextentandelevationarestilluncertain.Muchofthecontinentisacompleteblankonourmaps.Manhasexploredonfootlessthanonepercentofitsarea.AntarcticadiffersfundamentallyfromtheArcticregions.TheArcticisanoceancoveredwithdriftingpackediceandhemmedinbythelandmassesofEuropeAsiaandNorthAmerica.TheAntarcticisacontinentalmostaslargeasEuropeandAustraliacombinedcenteredroughlyontheSouthPoleandsurroundedbythemostunobstructedwaterareasoftheworld--theAtlanticPacificandIndianOceans.ThecontinentalicesheetismorethantwomileshighinitscentrethustheairovertheAntarcticisfarmorerefrigeratedthanitisovertheArcticregions.Thiscoldaircurrentfromthelandissoforcefulthatitmakesthenearbyseasthestormiestintheworldandrendersunlivablethoseregionswhosecounterpartsattheoppositeendoftheglobeareinhabited.Thusmorethanamillionpersonslivewithin2000milesoftheNorthPoleinanareathatincludesmostofAlaskaSiberiaandScandinavia--aregionrichinforestandminingindustries.ApartfromahandfulofweatherstationswithinthesamedistanceoftheSouthPolethereisnotasingletreeindustryorsettlement.
31.Thebesttitleforthisselectionwouldbe________.[A]Iceland[B]LandofOpportunity[C]TheUnknownContinent(C)[D]UtopiaatLast
32.AtthetimethisarticlewaswrittenourknowledgeofAntarcticawas________.[A]verylimited[B]vast[C]fairlyrich(A)[D]nonexistent
33.Antarcticaisborderedbythe________.[A]PacificOcean[B]IndianOcean[C]AtlanticOcean(D)[D]Allthree
34.TheAntarcticismadeuninhabitableprimarilyby________.[A]coldair[B]calmseas[C]ice(A)[D]lackofknowledgeaboutthecontinent
35.Accordingtothisarticle________.[A]2000peopleliveontheAntarcticContinent[B]amillionpeoplelivewithin2000milesoftheSouthPole[C]weatherconditionswithina2000mileradiusoftheSouthPolemakesettlementsimpractical(C)[D]onlyahandfulofnativesinhabitAntarcticaSectionIVStructureandVocabularyFillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethesentences.Putyourchoicesinthebracketsontheleft.10pointsEXAMPLE:Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad;it________sixhouses.[A]ended[B]finished[C]was[D]lastedANSWER:[D]
36.Musicoften________usofeventsinthepast.[A]remembers[B]memorizes[C]reminds(C)[D]reflects
37.IfItakethismedicinetwiceadayitshould________mycold.[A]heat[B]cure[C]treat(B)[D]recover
38.IcouldjustseeacarinthedistancebutIcouldn’t________whatcolouritwas.[A]makeout[B]lookto[C]lookout(A)[D]takein
39.Icouldtellhewassurprisedfromthe________onhisface.[A]appearance[B]shock[C]look(C)[D]sight
40.Thetoyboatturnedoverandsanktothe________ofthepool.[A]base[B]depth[C]ground(D)[D]bottom
41.Marynevertellsanyonewhatshedoesfora________.[A]job[B]work[C]profession(D)[D]living
42.Thatboyissuchagoodviolinisthewillprobablymakequitea________forhimself.[A]star[B]credit[C]name(C)[D]character
43.Oldphotographsgiveoneabrief________ofthepast.[A]glance[B]glimpse[C]sight(B)[D]look
44.Thenovelistisahighly________person.[A]imaginable[B]imaginative[C]imaginary(B)[D]imagined
45.Althoughthepayisnotgoodpeopleusuallyfindsocialwork________inotherways.[A]payable[B]respectful[C]grateful(D)[D]rewardingSectionVError-detectionandCorrectionEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedpartswordsorphrases.Thesepartsarelabeled[A][B][C]and[D].Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.Thenwithoutalteringthemeaningofthesentencewritedownthecorrectwordorphraseonthelinefollowingthebrackets.10pointsEXAMPLE:You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethinghardly.ANSWER:[C]anything
46.TheprofessortoldthestudentthathehistakingtheadvancedcoursehemadeapassingmarkinEconomics
1.([C]approveof)
47.Althoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareainneedofthereimprovementinthe.([C]hasbeen)
48.Mr.Gilmoreisoneofthosemenwhotobehoweveritisveryhard.([A]appear)
49.Tounderstandthesituationmorethoughtthan.([C]hasbeengiven)
50.AeducatorsbelievethatEnglishisoneoftaughtsubjectsinhighschools.([C]mostpoorly)
51.Ofallhisactivities.Paullikesfishingbuthedoesn’tenjoyfishingrods.([B]thebestthemost)
52.Inothaverecognizedmanyoumehisname.([C]evenifeventhough)
53.timeIhaddonetheworkmysatisfaction;Igotmyhathallandslippedout.([B]to)
54.Thenewhotelabeautifulbuildingrecreationareasandconferencefacilitiesonthetopfloorthefinestviewofthecity.([C]wherefromwhichonwhich)
55.WhileEuropethetouristsenjoyedtheircontenttheweatherthefoodand.([D]thetheatre)SectionVIVerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofverbsgiveninbrackets.10pointsEXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________appointforthiscollege.ANSWER:shouldbeappointed
56.Theenemyretreatedtothewoodsafterthey________defeat.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
57.I________speaktohimforsometimebeforeIrealizedwhohewas.(hadbeenspeaking)
58.Oneshouldneverloseone’sheartwhen________confrontwithtemporarydifficulties.(confronted)
59.Thehousesuddenlycollapsedwhileit________pulldown.(wasbeingpulled)
60.On________giveanassignmenttomakeabusinesstourabroadhegladlyacceptedit.(beinggiven)
61.________Geteverythingreadytheygotdowntomapoutaplanfortheconstructionofanewexpressway.(Havinggot)
62.AfterPetergrewabeardevenhisclosefriends________notrecognizehimatfirstsight.(could/didnotrecognizewerenotabletorecognize)
63.Darkness________setintheyoungpeoplelingeredonmerrymaking.(setting)
64.Thestudentswereto________assembleattheauditoriumbefore1:30p.m.butthelecturewascanceledatthelastminute.(haveassembled/assemble)
65.Emphasisislaidonthenecessitythatalltheobjectivestobeattained________takeintoaccountbeforestartinganewproject.(shouldbetaken)SectionVIIChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.15points
66.去年的好收成是由于农场管理的改进和有利的气体条件
67.他在科研上取得的成就要比预期的大
68.我们现在必须做的是把情况作一番仔细的调查
69.很难说哪个方案更为切实可行
70.昨晚如果他来了,问题也许已得到解决SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.20pointsItwouldbeinterestingtodiscoverhowmanyyoungpeoplegotouniversitywithoutanyclearideaofwhattheyaregoingtodoafterwards.71Ifoneconsiderstheenormousvarietyofcoursesoffereditisnothardtoseehowdifficultitisforastudenttoselectthecoursemostsuitedtohisinterestsandabilities.72Ifastudentgoestouniversitytoacquireabroaderperspectiveoflifetoenlargehisideasandtolearntothinkforhimselfhewillundoubtedlybenefit.73Schoolsoftenhavetoorestrictinganatmospherewithitstimetablesanddisciplinestoallowhimmuchtimeforindependentassessmentoftheworkheisaskedtodo.74MoststudentswouldIbelieveprofitbyayearofsuchexplorationofdifferentacademicstudiesespeciallythose“allrounders”withnoparticularinterest.Theyshouldhavelongertimetodecideinwhatsubjecttheywanttotaketheirdegreessothatinlaterlifetheydonotlookbackandsay“Ishouldliketohavebeenanarchaeologist.IfIhadn’ttakenadegreeinModernLanguagesIshouldn’thaveendedupasaninterpreterbutit’stoolatenow.Icouldn’tgobackandbeginalloveragain.”75Thereisofcourseanothersidetothequestionofhowtomakethebestuseofone’stimeatuniversity.76Thisisthecaseofthestudentwhoexcelsinaparticularbranchoflearning.77HeisimmediatelyacceptedbytheUniversityofhischoiceandspendshisthreeorfouryearsbecomingaspecialistemergingwithafirst-classHonourDegreeandverylittleknowledgeofwhattherestoftheworldisallabout.78Itthereforebecomesmoreandmoreimportantthatifstudentsarenottowastetheiropportunitiestherewillhavetobemuchmoredetailedinformationaboutcoursesandmoreadvice.Onlyinthiswaycanwebesurethatwearenottohaveontheonehandabandofspecialistsignorantofanythingoutsideoftheirownsubjectandontheotherhandaneverincreasingnumberofgraduatesqualifiedinsubjectsforwhichthereislittleornodemandintheworkingworld.1986年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary15points
1.[B]
2.[C]
3.[A]
4.[A]
5.[D]
6.[B]
7.[A]
8.[D]
9.[C]
10.[C]
11.[C]
12.[A]
13.[D]
14.[D]
15.[C]SectionII:ClozeTest10points
16.[A]
17.[D]
18.[B]
19.[C]
20.[B]
21.[D]
22.[B]
23.[A]
24.[A]
25.[C]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension10points
26.[B]
27.[D]
28.[C]
29.[D]
30.[B]
31.[C]
32.[A]
33.[D]
34.[A]
35.[C]SectionIV:StructureandVocabulary10points
36.[C]
37.[B]
38.[A]
39.[C]
40.[D]
41.[D]
42.[C]
43.[B]
44.[B]
45.[D]SectionV:Error-detectionandCorrection10points
46.[C]approveof
47.[C]hasbeen
48.[A]appear
49.[C]hasbeengiven
50.[C]mostpoorly
51.[B]thebestthemost
52.[C]evenifeventhough
53.[B]to
54.[C]wherefromwhichonwhich
55.[D]thetheatreSectionVI:VerbForms10points
56.weredefeated/hadbeendefeated
57.hadbeenspeaking
58.confronted
59.wasbeingpulled
60.beinggiven
61.Havinggot
62.could/didnotrecognizewerenotabletorecognize
63.setting
64.haveassembled/assemble
65.shouldbetakenSectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslation15points
66.Thegoodcroplastyearwasduetotheimprovementoffarmmanagementandfavorableweathercondition.
67.Thesuccesshehasachievedinscientificresearchisgreaterthanexpected.
68.Whatwemustdonowistomakeacarefulinvestigationofthesituation.
69.It’shardtosaywhichplanismorepracticable.
70.Ifhehadcomeyesterdayeveningthequestionmighthavebeensolved.SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation20points
71.如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程,我们就不难发现,对一个学生来说,要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难
72.如果一个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识,为了扩大思想境界和学会独立思考,那么毫无疑问,进大学对他是有好处的
73.学校由于受课程表和纪律的约束,气氛往往令人感到过于拘束,使学生没有充分时间对规定要他做的事情有独立的见解
74.我认为大多数学生,尤其是那些没有偏重某一门课程的“全面发展的学生”,经过一年左右的时间对各门不同学科的钻研,将会从中获益
75.当然,关于一个人如何最充分地利用上大学的时间,还有另外一个方面
76.某一学科中出类拔萃的学生就属于这种情况
77.他一毕业马上就被一所他自己选中的大学所接受,再花
三、四年时间,以优异的成绩取得荣誉学位,成为一名专家,但对外界的一切却几乎一无所知
78.因此,如果要学生好好利用他们上大学的机会,就应该为他们提供大量关于课程方面更为详尽的信息和更多的指点这个问题显得越来越重要了1985年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoice.inthebracketsontheleft.15pointsEXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]
1.Thetravellerssoughtshelter________therainandhappenedtofindaroadsideinn.[A]from[B]by[C]for[D]with
2.Toourdelightshequicklyadaptedherself________thesituation.[A]with[B]to[C]of[D]into
3.Thekey________successishardworkandpersistence.[A]on[B]for[C]to[D]of
4.DoyouregretpayingAfivehundreddollarsforthepaintingNoIwouldgladlyhavepaid________forit.[A]twicesomuch[B]twiceasmuch[C]asmuchtwice[D]somuchtwice
5.Thispairofshoesisn’tgoodbutthatpairis________better.[A]rather[B]less[C]ever[D]hardly
6.________dowegoforpicnics.[A]Certainly[B]Sometimes[C]Seldom[D]Once
7.KunmingisusuallycoolinthesummerbutShanghai________.[A]israrely[B]scarcelyis[C]hardlyis[D]rarelyis
8.Auniversityisaneducationalinstitutionwhichawardsdegreesand________research.[A]carriesout[B]carriesthrough[C]carriesoff[D]carriesabout
9.Onenteringanothercountryatouristwillhaveto________theCustoms.[A]passthrough[B]passby[C]passover[D]passfor
10.Theoldladycanthopeto________hercoldinafewdays.[A]getaway[B]getoff[C]getout[D]getover
11.Willyou________myarticletofindoutwhetherIvemadeanymistakes[A]lookafter[B]lookthrough[C]lookup[D]lookinto
12.WhereshouldIsendmyapplicationThePersonnelOfficeistheplace________.[A]tosendit[B]sentitto[C]tosenditto[D]forsendingit
13.Davidsomethingimportanthashappened.Iwishto________.[A]talkitoverwithyou[B]talkoverit[C]ta1kover[D]talkyouoverit
14.Iwasadvised________forreservations.[A]toeithertelephoneortowritethehotel[B]eithertotelephoneortowritethehotel[C]thatIshouldtelephoneoreitherwritethehotel[D]Ioughteithertotelephoneorwritethehotel
15.________wehavefinishedthecourseweshallstartdoingmorerevisionwork.[A]Fornow[B]Sincethat[C]Nowthat[D]BynowSectionIIClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeledABCandD.Choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceinthebracketsbelowthepassage.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoices.10pointsEXAMPLE:Forinstancetheautomobiletunnelmight______hugeventilationproblems.[A]make[B]bring[C]raise[D]createANSWER:[D]WhenIwasabouttwelveIsuddenlydevelopedagreatpassionwritingpoetry.Igaveupallmyotherhobbiessuchasstampsandspentallmytimereadingpoetryandwritingit.Thishabitofwritingpoetryoneverypossiblesoongotmeintotroubleatschool.IfalessondidnotinterestmeIwouldtakeoutmynotebookandstartwritingpoemsinclass.OfcourseIdidthisverybutitwasnotlongbeforeIgotcaught.OnedaywhileIwasbusywritingapoemduringageographylessonIlookeduptofindtheteacherstandingovermefumingwithangerbecauseIwasnotattention.Hetorethepoemupwithanottowastetimeinhislesson.AllthesameIwasconvincedthatIhadwrittenagoodpoemsothateveningIwroteitoutagainfrommemory.NotlongafterIreadaboutapoetrycontestandIdecidedtosendinmypoem.WeekslaterlongafterIhadgivenuphopeIgotaletterinformingmeIhadwonfirst.Everyoneatschoolwasveryimpressed—exceptthegeographyteacherwhomemorecarefullythanever.HewasquitethatIwasnotgoingtowritepoetryinhislesson!
16.[A]for[B]in[C]on(A)[D]at
17.[A]arranging[B]collecting[C]gathering(D)[D]keeping
18.[A]additional[B]extra[C]other(B)[D]spare
19.[A]chance[B]moment[C]occasion(C)[D]time
20.[A]anxiously[B]attentively[C]cautiously(B)[D]silently
21.[A]calling[B]devoting[C]attracting(D)[D]paying
22.[A]warning[B]notice[C]word(B)[D]look
23.[A]position[B]prize[C]reward(A)[D]victory
24.[A]guarded[B]inspected[C]observed(A)[D]watched
25.[A]determined[B]annoyed[C]fixed(C)[D]assuredSectionIIIReadingComprehensionEachsentenceorpassagebelowisfollowedbyfourstatements.Oneofthestatementsisasuggestionwhichcanbemadefromtheinformationgivenintheoriginalsentenceorpassage.Readthemcarefullyandmakeyourchoice.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.10pointsEXAMPLE:[A]Youshouldgetupwhenhecomesin.[B]Youshouldsupporthim.[C]Youshouldntbeafraidtoarguewithhim.[D]Youmustbeofthesameheightasheis.ANSWER:[B]
26.Watchyourstepwhenyourturncomestohaveaninterviewwiththegeneralmanager.[A]Whenyouareaskedtoseethegeneralmanagerbesurenottostepintohisofficewithouthispermission.[B]Watchthestepswhenyougoupstairstoseethegeneralmanagerathisoffice.[C]Besuretobecarefulwhenitisyourturntogotothegeneralmanagersofficeforaninterviewwithhim.[D]Watchoutanddontstepintothegeneralmanagersofficeuntilitisyourturntohaveaninterviewwithhim.
27.Sincenoadditionalfundisavailabletheextensionofthebuildingisoutofthequestion.[A]Theextensionofthebuildingisimpossiblebecauseweareunabletogetextrafundforthepurpose.[B]Thereissomeproblemabouttheextensionofthebuildingowingtolackoffund.[C]Sincenoadditionalfundisavailablewehavetosolvetheproblemregardingtheextensionofthebuildingwithourownresources.[D]Wecanundertaketheextensionofthebuildingevenwithoutadditionalfund.Itisnoproblematall.
28.Allalonghehasbeenstrivingnottofallshortofhisparentsexpectations.[A]Hehasbeentryinghardallthetimetoliveuptowhathisparentsexpectofhim.[B]Hisparentshavebeenexpectinghimtoworkhard.[C]Allthetimehehasbeentryinghardtobalancehimselfsoasnottofalldownashisparentsthoughthewould.[D]Allthetimeashisparentsexpecthimtodohehasbeentryinghardtosaveandnottobeshortofmoney.
29.Thevariouscanalswhichdrainawaytheexcessivewaterhaveturnedthispieceoflandintoahighlyproductiveagriculturalarea.[A]Thecanalshavebeenusedtowatertheland.[B]Thecanalshavebeenusedtoraiseagriculturalproduction.[C]Excessivewaterhasbeenhelpfultoagriculturalproduction.[D]Theproductionhasbeenmainlyagricultural.
30.Thereplacementofmanbymachineshasnotledtounemployment.Onthecontrarythetotalnumbersengagedinthetextileindustryhavecontinuedtorise.Thefactshouldnotbeignoredbythosewhomaintainthatunemploymentandmachineryareinseparablecompanions.[A]Thebeliefthattheuseofmachinerycausesunemploymentisunfounded.[B]Theuseofmachineryresultsinariseinproduction.[C]Manypeoplelosetheirjobswhenmachinesareintroduced.[D]Contrarytogeneralbeliefmachineryandunemploymentareinseparablecompanions.SectionIVStructureandVocabularyFillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethesentences.Putyourchoicesinthebracketsontheleft.10pointsEXAMPLE:Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad;it________sixhouses.[A]ended[B]finished[C]was[D]lastedANSWER:[D]
31.Hethoughtthepaintingwasoflittle________soheletmehaveitforonlytenpounds.[A]cost[B]value[C]price(C)[D]expenses
32.Tennisisa________inventedbyanEnglishmanonehundredyearsago.[A]game[B]play[C]contest(C)[D]match
33.ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary________thelettertotheEditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.[A]issue[B]printing[C]magazine(C)[D]copy
34.Thecurrentpolitical________ofourcountryisfavourableforforeigninvestments.[A]climate[B]weather[C]temperature(C)[D]state
35.Smithdroveallthe________toLosAngelesandwasjustintimeforthe23rdOlympiad.[A]way[B]road[C]journey(C)[D]trip
36.Itsaverypopularplayanditwouldbewiseto________seatswellinadvance.[A]book[B]buy[C]provide(C)[D]take
37.Thechildrenwillnotbeallowedtocomewithusiftheydont________themselves.[A]guide[B]behave[C]act(C)[D]direct
38.TheCustomsofficerdidntbotherto________ourluggage.[A]control[B]check[C]ask(C)[D]glance
39.Afteralongwalkonahotdayoneoftenfeels________.[A]exhaustive[B]exhausting[C]exhaust(C)[D]exhausted
40.WhatIamtellingyouisstrictly________.Dontletanyoneknowofit.[A]secretive[B]special[C]individual(C)[D]confidentialSectionVError-detectionandCorrectionEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedpartswordsorphrases.Thesepartsarelabeled[A][B][C]and[D].Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.Thenwithoutalteringthemeaningofthesentencewritedownthecorrectwordorphraseonthelinefollowingthebrackets.10pointsEXAMPLE:You’vetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethinghardly.ANSWER:[C]anything
41.ImsureBetsyisverygirlyoutogetacquainted.([C]approveof)
42.Neitherhistrainingnorarailwayengineerhimhisjob.([C]approveof)
43.nocircumstancesdoanythingthatwillbenefitourselvesharmtheofthestate.([C]approveof)
44.ThedentistsaidthatmytoothIout.([C]approveof)
45.lastnightTomreadthebutalsomanypoemsby.([C]approveof)
46.HowIwishJohnapplygrammaticalrulesproperlyandthefactthatheisnearlyalways.([C]approveof)
47.ofmanycitieshasmorethaninthe.([C]approveof)
48.thetemporarydifficultiesthemanagerpreferstheoutputit.([C]approveof)
49.Astronautsbyloneliness.Theyinthespacecraftforweekswithverytodoandnoone.([C]approveof)
50.Oneofthearticlesinformativeand.([C]approveof)SectionVIVerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofverbsgiveninbrackets.10pointsEXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________appointforthiscollege.ANSWER:shouldbeappointed
51.IfoundthatmycheatinginyesterdaysEnglishtest________reporttomyparentsthatveryevening.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
52.WhileJane________carryapailofmilkfromthebarntothekitchenshespilledsomeofitonherskirt.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
53.Ifitwasntanaccidenthe________doitonpurpose.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
54.YouregoingtoEnglandnextyear.Youshouldnowpractice________speakEnglishasmuchaspossible.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
55.When________seethroughatelescopethesunappearsdarkerneartheedge.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
56.WhilehewasinthearmyhelearnedEnglishwhich________helphimalotinhisworkthere.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
57.TheywereenviousofGeorgebecauseofhis________makecaptainoftheteam.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
58.Manyoftheworldsgreatnovelsarereported________makeintofilmslastyear.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
59.Whenthebellsoundedtheboysrushedoutoftheclassroomeach________carryanumberofnewbooksunderhisarm.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
60.Thestudents________doalltheexercisestheteacherwentontoexplainthetext.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)SectionVIIChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.15points
61.这项计划和原来的计划比起来,要完整得多
62.只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平
63.你对下一步该做些什么,清楚了吗?
64.在旧中国,几乎没有什么机器制造工业,更不用说电子工业了
65.他在这次旅行中的所见所闻给他留下了深刻的印象SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationChooseeitherofthefollowingtwopassages.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.20points1Televisionisnowplayingaveryimportantpartinourlife.Buttelevisionlikeotherthingshasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.DotheformeroutweighthelatterInthefirstplacetelevisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainmentbutalsoacomparativelycheapone.66Forafamilyoffourforexampleitismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathomewithalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailablethantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.67Theydonothavetopayforexpensiveseatsatthetheatrethecinemaortheoperaonlytodiscoverperhapsthattheshowisdisappointing.68Alltheyhavetodoispressabuttonandtheycanseeplaysfilmsoperasandshowsofeverykindnottomentionpoliticaldiscussionsandthelatestexcitingfootballmatch.69Somepeoplehowevermaintainthatthisispreciselywherethedangerlies.Thetelevisionviewertakesnoinitiative.Hemakesnochoiceandexercisesnojudgment.70Heiscompletelypassiveandhaseverythingpresentedtohimwithoutanyeffortonhispart.71Televisionitisoftensaidkeepsoneinformedaboutcurrenteventsallowsonetofollowthelatestdevelopmentsinscienceandpoliticsandoffersandendlessseriesofprogramswhicharebothinstructiveandentertaining.Themostdistantcountriesandthestrangestcustomarebroughtrightintoonessitting-room.72Itcouldbearguedthattheradioperformsthisservicejustaswell;butontelevisioneverythingismuchmorelivingmuchmorereal.Yethereagainthereadanger.Wegetsousedtolookingatitsodependentonitsflickeringpicturesthatitbeginstodominateourlives.Therearemanyotherargumentsforandagainsttelevision.Thepoorqualityofitsprogramsisoftencriticized.Butitisundoubtedlyagreatcomforttomanylonelyelderlypeople.AnddoesitcorruptorinstructourchildrenIthinkwemustrealizethattelevisioninitselfisneithergoodnorbad.73Itistheusestowhichitisputthatdetermineitsvaluetosociety.2AnofficeistheBrainofabusiness.74Inanofficefigureslistsandinformationarecompiledwhichtellthemanagersorheadsofthebusinesswhatishappeningintheirshopsorfactories.Thesefiguresguidethemanagersbytellingthemwhathashappenedandwhatishappening.Informationcomesintoanofficeinallsortsofwaysbutthemainitemsofinformationcomeinregularly.75Itispartofthejoboftheclerkstocollectandclassifythatinformationandtoputitintosuchaformthatitiseasilyinterpretedandunderstood.Officescollectinformationthentheyclassifyit.Thisworkofcollectioniscommoninanofficefromthesortingofmaileverymorningtotheaccountantsworkinfindingoutthefinalfigurefortheyearsprofit.76Classificationalwaysrequiresthearrangementofthesamekindofinformationoftenintolistsorcolumns.77Forthisworkcorrectnessaccuracyandspeedasinallofficeworkareessential.Thereisnovaluehoweverincollectingfigureswhichmeannothing.Figuresareguideswhichshouldhelpwemakedecisions.78Theinterpretationofinformationandoftablesshouldtelluswheresuccessorfailurelieswhereprofitcanbehadandwherelossesoccur.79Onthiskindofinformationandfromtheknownfiguresachoiceismadeandaseriesofsuchchoicesmaymakeapolicy.Afirmwhichhasthreefactoriesmayfindforinstancefromitsfiguresthatonefactoryislosingmoneyandachoicemayliebetweeneitherachangeofmanageracutinproductionanincreaseinproductionorclosureofthefactory.Whicheveroneofthesedecisionsistakenbecomesthepolicy.80Itisclearthatadecisionleadingtoapolicycanonlybeasgoodastheinformationonwhichitisbased.Consequentlythereisaconstantsearchformoreandmoreexactinformation.81Managerswillwanttohaveallthenecessaryfactsbeforetheycanmakethebestdecisionanditisnormalforthemtoseekformoreandmoreinformation.1985年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary15points
1.[A]
2.[B]
3.[C]
4.[B]
5.[D]
6.[C]
7.[D]
8.[A]
9.[A]
10.[D]
11.[B]
12.[C]
13.[A]
14.[B]
15.[C]SectionII:ClozeTest10points
16.[A]
17.[B]
18.[D]
19.[C]
20.[C]
21.[D]
22.[A]
23.[B]
24.[D]
25.[A]SectionIII:ReadingComprehension10points
26.[C]
27.[A]
28.[A]
29.[B]
30.[A]SectionIV:StructureandVocabulary10points
31.[B]
32.[A]
33.[A]
34.[A]
35.[A]
36.[A]
37.[B]
38.[B]
39.[D]
40.[D]SectionV:Error-detectionandCorrection10points
41.[D]with
42.[C]qualifies
43.[B]shouldwe
44.[D]pulled
45.[B]readnotonly
46.[C]recognized
47.[C]doubled
48.[D]decreasing
49.[D]totalkto/with
50.[C]easySectionVI:VerbForms10points
51.wasreported/hadbeenreported
52.wascarrying
53.musthavedown
54.speaking
55.seen
56.helped
57.havingbeenmade/beingmade
58.tohavebeenmade
59.carrying
60.havingdoneSectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslation15points
61.Comparedwiththeoriginalonethisplanisfarmorecomplete.
62.Onlyinthiswaycanwecatchupwiththeworldsadvancedlevelsinscienceandtechnology.
63.Areyouclearaboutwhatyoushoulddonext
64.InoldChinatherewashardlyanymachine-buildingindustrytosaynothingofanelectronicindustry.
65.Whathesawandheardonhistripgavehimaverydeepimpression.SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation20points
166.譬如,对于一个四口之家,舒舒服服地坐在家里收看电视,就能看到几乎是数不清的娱乐节目,这比到外面别的地方去消遣便宜得多,方便的多
67.他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院,或歌剧院买价钱很高的戏票,结果他们也许还会发现所演出的节目很令人失望
68.他们所要做的只是按一下电钮,就能看到各种戏剧、电影、歌剧和各式各样的演出,更不用说各种政治辩论和最近举行的激动人心的足球赛
69.可是,有些人则坚持认为这恰恰是危险的所在
70.看电视的人是完全被动的,他可以毫不费力就能看到所播放的每一个节目
71.人们常说,电视能使一个人对时事了如指掌,随时了解科学和政治方面的最新发展同时还能源源不断地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又带有娱乐性的节目
72.可能会有人提出无线电广播也同样能做到这一点;但在电视屏幕上,每个节目都显得更加生动,更加真实
73.电视对社会的价值取决于我们怎样去利用它
274.在办公室里,人们将各种数据、表格和资料(信息)加以汇编以便让经理们或企业的主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况
75.职员们的一部分任务就是手机这种资料(信息)将它分类并制成这样一份表格,这份表格要能是这种资料(信息)易于解释,易于理解
76.分类工作始终需要将同样的资料加以整理,往往是将它们列成表格或专栏
77.对于这种工作来说,像所有的办公室工作一样,正确性、准确性和速度是必不可少的
78.对资料(信息)和报表所做的解释,应能给我们显示出成败之所在哪里可以有盈利以及哪里出现了亏损
79.根据这种资料(信息)和那些已知的数据,就能作出一种选择,而一系列这样的选择就能形成一项决策
80.很显然,形成决策的那个决定的好坏,只能取决于它所依据的资料(信息)的好坏
81.经理们必定需要在掌握一切必要的情况之后才能作出最佳的决定对他们来说,要求得到越来越多的资料(信息)是很正常的1984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Putyourchoice.inthebracketsontheleft.15pointsEXAMPLE:Totesthistheorythescientistset________anexperiment.[A]up[B]out[C]upon[D]forthANSWER:[A]
1.Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]at
2.Ipromisetolook________thematterassoonasIgetbacktotheheadoffice.[A]into[B]for[C]in[D]after
3.Theyleftprior________ourarrival.[A]at[B]to[C]by[D]of
4.Theteacherhasrepeatedlyremindedhim________it.[A]of[B]for[C]with[D]to
5.Heisindifferent________hardshipsanddangers.[A]of[B]at[C]in[D]to
6.DuringthathardwintertheworkersinDetroitwent________strike.[A]into[B]in[C]on[D]to
7.Johndidit________hiswill.[A]at[B]in[C]to[D]against
8.Comeandseemewhenever________.[A]youareconvenient[B]youwillbeconvenient[C]itisconvenienttoyou[D]itwillbeconvenienttoyou
9.This________girlisMaryscousin.[A]prettylittleSwedish[B]Swedishlittlepretty[C]Swedishprettylittle[D]littleprettySwedish
10.Itisntquite________thathewillbepresentatthemeeting.[A]sure[B]right[C]certain[D]exact
11.Whyisthere________trafficonthestreetsinFebruarythaninMay[A]less[B]fewer[C]few[D]little
12.Ishouldliketorentahousemoderncomfortableand________inaquietenvironment.[A]beforeall[B]firstofall[C]afterall[D]aboveall
13.Hisfewpersonalbelongingsmakeitpossibleforhimtomovefromplacetoplace________.[A]inease[B]atease[C]withease[D]witheasiness
14.Letustrytouseourintellectto________.[A]thefullestbenefit[B]thebestuse[C]thehighestprofit[D]thegreatestadvantage
15.Theydidnotfind________topreparefortheworstconditionstheymightmeet.[A]worththeirwhile[B]itworthwhile[C]itworth[D]itworthy
16.Youwillsoon________thisclimateandthenthechangesintemperaturewillnotaffectyou.[A]getusedto[B]getto[C]getover[D]getonwith
17.Waterwhenboiledalways________stream.[A]givesin[B]givesout[C]givesoff[D]givesaway
18.Theirplansforabigparty________.[A]fellout[B]fellaway[C]felloff[D]fellthrough
19.Badlybeatentheintruders________indisorder.[A]fellof[B]fellout[C]fellback[D]fellaway
20.Thepicnic________atlastafterbeingtwicepostponed.[A]cameoff[B]cameup[C]puton[D]wenton
21.Veryfewexperts________withcompletelynewanswerstotheworldseconomicproblems.[A]cometo[B]comeround[C]comeup[D]comeon
22.Hisfacegavehim________whenhetoldalie.[A]off[B]away[C]up[D]out
23.Someonemusthaveleftthetapon________thewaterwasrunningoverandfloodingthebathroom.[A]therefore[B]for[C]nevertheless[D]moreover
24.Ifthatideawaswrongtheprojectisboundtofail________goodalltheotherideasmightbe.[A]whatever[B]though[C]whatsoever[D]however
25.Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseof________.[A]itrains[B]therain[C]rain[D]raining
26.Themanoverthereis________ourprincipal.[A]nootherbut[B]nootherthan[C]noonethan[D]noneotherthan
27.Thefootballmatchwastelevised________fromtheWorkersStadium.[A]alive[B]life[C]live[D]lively
28.Thesizeoftheaudience________wehadexpectedwaswelloveronethousand.[A]whom[B]who[C]as[D]that
29.TheChineseRedCross________ageneroussumtothereliefofthephysicallydisabled.[A]assigned[B]contributed[C]furnished[D]administered
30.________mycarisbeingmadereadyforalongjourney.[A]Inthemoment[B]Atthemoment[C]Forthemoment[D]BythemomentSectionIIClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeledABCandD.Choosethebestoneandputyourchoiceinthebracketsbelowthepassage.Readthewholepassagebeforemakingyourchoices.10pointsEXAMPLE:Hotmetal________asitgrowscooler.[A]condenses[B]reduces[C]decreases[D]contractsANSWER:[D]Ventilationasweknowisasystemormeansofprovidingfreshair.Itplaysaveryimportantpartinthefieldofengineering.Forinstancetheautomobiletunnelmighthugeventilationproblems.Eveninthedaysofsmokycoal-burningtrainsmadetheirownventilationbypushingandpullingairthetunnels.Carsdontmovetheirownspentgasesinthesameway;itcollectsintunnels.CliffordM.Hollandsolvedtheproblemagiantfan-drivensystemfortheHudsonRivertunnel.Hollandssystemreceivedaseverewhenatruckwithchemicalsubstancescaughtfireinthetunnelandexploded.Theblastdestroyedmanyautomobiles;sixtypersonswerebythestrongsmellingsmoke.Allsixtyhoweverremainedaftertheexplosion.theruinof500feetofthetunnelrooftrafficafteronlyfifty-sixhours.
31.[A]make[B]bring[C]raise(A)[D]create
32.[A]stoves[B]burners[C]boilers(D)[D]engines
33.[A]around[B]through[C]in(B)[D]within
34.[A]by[B]with[C]for(C)[D]of
35.[A]trial[B]pressure[C]examination(B)[D]test
36.[A]loaded[B]carried[C]crowded(D)[D]transported
37.[A]swept[B]overcome[C]hit(B)[D]hurt
38.[A]alive[B]living[C]live(A)[D]lived
39.[A]With[B]After[C]Becauseof(A)[D]Despite
40.[A]resumed[B]stopped[C]moved(C)[D]startedSectionIIIReadingComprehensionEachsentenceorpassagebelowisfollowedbyfourstatements.Oneofthestatementsisasuggestionwhichcanbemadefromtheinformationgivenintheoriginalsentenceorpassage.Readthemcarefullyandmakeyourchoice.Putyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.10pointsEXAMPLE:Dr.SmithmadealongspeechinwhichheimpliedthathewasafriendoftheDeans.[A]Dr.SmithwasnotafriendoftheDeans.[B]Dr.SmithgaveatalkinwhichhesaidhewasafriendoftheDeans.[C]Dr.SmithsuggestedinhisspeechthathewasafriendoftheDeans.[D]Dr.SmithmadeamovingspeechinwhichhesaidhewasafriendoftheDeans.ANSWER:[C]
41.Ifinditdifficulttodrivehomemypointtothestudents.[A]Ifinditdifficulttomakemypointfullyunderstoodbymystudents.[B]Ifinditdifficulttodrivemystudentshome.[C]Iwanttopointoutthatitisdifficulttogivemystudentslessonsondriving.[D]Mypointisdrivingisespeciallydifficultformystudents.
42.Yououghttostandupforhim.[A]Youshouldgetupwhenhecomesin.[B]Youshouldsupporthim.[C]Youshouldntbeafraidtoarguewithhim.[D]Youmustbeofthesameheightasheis.
43.Shetookgreatpainstokeeptheroomstidy.[A]Shewasingreatpainwhenshetriedtokeeptheroomstidy.[B]Shefounditdifficulttokeeptheroomstidy.[C]Shemadegreateffortstokeeptheroomsneatandclean.[D]Shewasunwillingtokeeptheroomstidy.
44.Atfirsteverythingwentwellwiththeprojectbutrecentlyproblemskeptcroppingup.[A]Atfirstthequalityoftheprojectwassatisfactorybutrecentlyitsqualitykeptdeclining.[B]Theprojectproceededsmoothlyatfirstbutlatelyunexpectedproblemscontinuallymadetheirappearance.[C]Atfirsttheoperationoftheprojectwentonsmoothlybutlatelysomethingwentwrongwithitsoperation.[D]Atfirsttheprojectwasthoughttobesatisfactorybutrecentlypeoplefoundthattherewereactuallylotsofproblemswiththeproject.
45.Thesearchforwaysofpreservingfoodsisnotnew.Primitivemanlearnedthathecouldmakefoodslastbydryingthem.Thegreatestsingleadvancebeganin1800whenaFrenchmanNicolasAppertdiscoveredthathecouldpreservecertainfoodsbysealingtheminjarsandkeepingtheairfromthem.Theprocesswasthestartofthevastcanningindustrywhichbringsusmanyfoodsinallseasons.[A]NicolasAppertsmostimportantcontributiontocanningindustryishisdiscoverythataircausesfoodtospoil.[B]NicolasAppertwasthefirstpersontopreservefoodsinjars.[C]NicolasAppertlearnedfromtheprimitivementhemethodofpreservingfood.[D]TopreservefoodsNicolasAppertputthemintosealedjarstoletthemdryup.SectionIVStructureandVocabularyFillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethesentences.Putyourchoicesinthebracketsontheleft.10pointsEXAMPLE:Thephoto________happymemoriesofmyearlychildhood.[A]refreshes[B]bringstomind[C]stimulates[D]remindsmyselfANSWER:[B]
46.Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad;it________sixhours.[A]ended[B]finished[C]was(C)[D]lasted
47.Thegloveswerereallytoosmallanditwasonlyby________themthatImanagedtogetthemon.[A]spreading[B]squeezing[C]extending(C)[D]stretching
48.Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeopletheydidnot________closeexamination.[A]putup[B]keepup[C]standupto(C)[D]lookupto
49.Todayhouseworkhasbeenmademucheasierbyelectrical________.[A]facilities[B]appliances[C]instruments(C)[D]equipment
50.Charleshasnottheleast________ofgivinguphisresearch.[A]intention[B]idea[C]play(C)[D]desire
51.Thatshopdoesnthavebrownsugarin________atthemomentbuttheyexpecttohavesometomorrow.[A]storage[B]stock[C]sale(C)[D]demand
52.Thecountryhasasystemof________mostofwhichdatebacktothenineteenthcentury.[A]watercourses[B]rivers[C]canals(C)[D]channels
53.Thefarmershadtowearheavybootsinthewinterbecausethefieldsweresowetand________.[A]dusty[B]earthy[C]soiled(C)[D]muddy
54.Mybrotherlikeseatingverymuchbutheisntvery________aboutthefoodheeats.[A]special[B]peculiar[C]particular(C)[D]unusual
55.Thisisthe________pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.[A]actual[B]genuine[C]real(C)[D]originalSectionVError-detectionandCorrectionEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedpartswordsorphrases.Thesepartsarelabeled[A][B][C]and[D].Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceinthebracketsontheleft.Thenwithoutalteringthemeaningofthesentencewritedownthecorrectwordorphraseonthelinefollowingthebrackets.10pointsEXAMPLE:Goodshouldbeobservedeatsinarestaurantorhome.ANSWER:[D]at
56.Oneshouldnottalkaboutunpleasantsubjectsasocialgathering.weshouldavoidanysubjectthathurtthefeelingsofthepeopleyouare.([C]approveof)
57.Whenwesitatthetablewemustwaitforbeforeeating.Sometimeshavetowaituntiltheofthefamilybeginseating.([C]approveof)
58.Bobhassatatthetableforhoursandconsiderablywineisgoodforhishealth.([C]approveof)
59.IfyoutheretoseethematchImsureyoutheChineseFootballTeam.([C]approveof)
60.Theeggsandmilkshouldbemixeditispouredintothepan.([C]approveof)
61.ThenamesJimmyBillyandBobbyinyareusedforchildrenbuttheyoftencontinuelife.([C]approveof)
62.Thisbookmefiveyuan.youhavebeenagoodfriendtomeyoumayborrowmybookyoukeepit.([C]approveof)
63.OfalltheworksofartinthisexhibitionhallthethingIlikeisthebytheworkersofShanghai.([C]approveof)
64.someoftherepresentativesnottheretheconferenceisfurthernotice.([C]approveof)
65.Youvetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethinghardly.([C]approveof)SectionVIVerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofverbsgiveninbrackets.10pointsEXAMPLE:NowourdaughterissittingnexttoDoris.Atthistimetomorrowshe________sitnexttoBetty.ANSWER:willbesitting
66.A:IsyournewbusgoingO.K.B:Ohyes.Couldntbebetter.Itsthefirstminibuswe________haveandwereallquitesatisfiedwithit.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
67.Youhaventlearnttheword-orderinspokenquestionsyetbutImsureyou________learnitbeforetheendofthisweek.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
68.Ourguest________nosooner________takeoffhisraincoatthanitbegantorainagain.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
69.Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________appointforthiscollege.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
70.________meetwithanaccidentthenewspapercorrespondentwasnotabletosendacable.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
71.Thatbadeggworedarkglassestoavoid________recognize.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
72.Ratherthan________leaveeverythingtothelastminutehealwayspreferstostartearly.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
73.DontcometodayIwouldratheryou________cometomorrow.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
74.Sammylooksasthoughhenever________getasquaremealbutinfacthisparentsfeedhimverywell.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
75.IfIhadabikeI________lendittoyouyesterday.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)SectionVIIChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.15points
76.充分利用自然资源来为人类造福的愿望总有一天会实现
77.据我所知,到目前为止,这是他们所能想到的最好方案
78.随着科学与技术的普及,电子计算机已越来越广泛地在各个领域中得到应用
79.通过深入的调查研究,他们终于取得了大量的第一手资料
80.在我们的工作中失败是常事,但我们绝不能因此而灰心丧气SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationChooseeitherofthefollowingtwopassages.Onlytheunderlinedsentencesaretobetranslated.20points181Electricityissuchapartofoureverydaylivesandsomuchtakenforgrantednowadaysthatwerarelythinktwicewhenweswitchonthelightorturnontheradio.Atnightroadsarebrightlylitenablingpeopleandtraffictomovefreely.Neonlightingusedinadvertisinghasbecomepartofthecharacterofeverymoderncity.Inthehomemanylabour-savingdevicesarepoweredbyelectricity.82Evenwhenweturnoffthebedsidelampandarefatasleepelectricityisworkingforusdrivingourrefrigeratorsheatingourwaterorkeepingourroomsair-conditioned.Everydaytrainstrolley-busesandtramstakeustoandfromwork.83Werarelybothertoconsiderwhyorhowtheyrununtilsomethinggoeswrong.OnesummersomethingdidgowrongwiththepowerplantthatprovidesNewYorkwithelectricity.Foragreatmanyhourslifecamealmosttoastandstill.Trainsrefusedtomoveandthepeopleinthemsatinthedarkpowerlesstodoanything;84liftsstoppedworkingsothatevenifyouwereluckyenoughnottobetrappedbetweentwofloorsyouhadtheunpleasanttaskoffindingyourwaydownhundredsofflightsofstairs.FamousstreetslikeBroadwayandFifthAvenueinaninstantbecameasgloomyanduninvitingasthemostremotebackstreets.85Peoplewereafraidtoleavetheirhousesforalthoughthepolicehadbeenorderedtostandbyincaseofemergencytheywerejustasconfusedandhelplessasanybodyelse.Meanwhilesimilardisorderprevailedinthehome.NewYorkcanbestiflinginthesummerandthisyearwasnoexception.Coolair-conditionedapartmentsbecamefurnaces.Foodwentbadinrefrigerators.Cakesandjointsofmeatremaineduncookedincoolingovens.86PeoplesatimpatientandfrightenedinthedarkasifanunseenenemyhadlandedfromMars.87Oneofthestrangethingsthatoccurredduringthepower-cutwasthatsomefiftyblindpeopleleadmanysightedworkershome.88Whenthelightscameonagainhardlyapersoninthecitycanhaveturnedonaswitchwithoutreflectinghowgreataservanthehadathisfingertips.2Amineralisamaterialthatisminednotgrown.89Inotherwordsmineralsubstanceswhicharefoundontheearthmustbeextractedbydiggingboringholesartificialexplosionsorsimilaroperationswhichmakethemavailabletous.Somemineralsforexamplecoalandoilwereoriginallylivingsubstances;otherslikeironneverhadlife.90Coalandoilaretheremainsofplantsandanimals.Crudemineraloresandcrudeoilmustbepurifiedbeforetheycanbeused.91Astageinhumancivilizationisoftencalledbythenameofthesubstancemainlyusedatthatstage:theStoneAgetheIronAgeandsoon.Thelevelofcivilizationreachedbyasocietydependsonthematerialsitcanusenotonlyonthosewhichareavailable.92Thecapacitytousearawmaterialdependsonvariousfactorssuchasmeansofaccessmethodsofextractionandtechniquesofprocessing.Inordertobepurifiedorcombinedintoalloysmetalsmustbemelted.Forthispurposetheymustbeplacedincontainerswhichcanbeheatedtoenormoustemperatures.Thesecontainersorenclosedspacesarecalledfurnaces.93Plantswhichrefinecrudeoresareoftenlocatedincountriesotherthanthoseinwhichthecrudeoresaremined.Althoughmuchwasknownpreviouslyaboutthechemicalpropertiesofaluminumandtheirapplicationtopracticaluses94itwasnotuntilsixtyyearsagothatamethodofextractingaluminumorewasfoundwhichcouldleadtoacheaplarge-scaleprocess.95Inthepastfewdecadesmenbehavedasiftheirsuppliesofmineralswereinexhaustible.96Butnowitisrealizedthatsuppliesofsomeofthemarelimitedanditisevenpossibletogiveareasonableestimateoftheirexpectationoflifethetimeitwilltaketoexhaustallknownsourcesandreservesofthesematerials.Butinthecaseofmineralsitisespeciallydifficulttogiveareliableestimateofreservesbecausesurveyshavenotbeencompletedanditisnotcertainthatallsourcesareknown.Uraniumprovidesagoodexampleofthisfact.1984年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary15points
1.[A]
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56.[A]at
57.[B]westart
58.[B]drunk
49.[C]seeing
60.[C]before
61.[A]ending
62.[C]aslongas
63.[B]most
64.[A]with
65.[C]anythingSectionVI:VerbForms10points
66.havehad
67.willhavelearned
68.had…taken
69.shouldbeappointed
70.Havingmet
71.beingrecognized
72.leave
73.came
74.got
75.wouldhavelentSectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslation15points
76.Thewishoffullyutilizingthenaturalresourcesforthebenefitofmankindwilleventuallycometrue.
77.Tomyknowledgethisisthebestprogramtheycanconceiveofsofar.
78.Withthepopularizationofscienceandtechnologycomputerhasfoundanincreasinglywideapplicationinallfields.
79.Throughandintensiveinvestigationtheyhavefinallyobtainedabundantfirst-handinformation
80.Inourworkitsnothingunusualtobeconfrontedwithfailuresbutweshouldinnowaybediscouragedonthataccount.SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation20points
181.电在我们的日常生活中所占的地位是这样的重要,而且现在人们还认为有电是完全理所当然的事,所以我们在开电灯或开收音机时就很少会再去想一想电是怎么来的
82.即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入睡乡时,电也在为我们工作,它帮我们开动冰箱,帮我们烧水或使我们房间里的空调机保持运转
83.在车辆出毛病之前,我们就不会去费脑筋想一下它们为什么会开动或怎样开动
84.电梯停了,因此即使你幸而没有被困在两个楼层的中间,你也得去完成一项不愉快的任务即摸黑往下走几百级楼梯
85.尽管警察都已接到命令,要作好准备以应付紧急情况,但人们还是不敢出门,因为警察也同其它任何人一样感到不知所措和无能为力
86.人们焦急不安、惊惶失措地坐在黑暗中,好象有一名来自火星的看不见的敌人已登上了地球
87.停电期间所发生的事件中有过这样一件怪事大约有五十名盲人给许多有视力的职工带路,把他们送回家
88.当电灯再亮时,城里的人在揿电灯开关之前,几乎没有一个人不仔细想一想,他随时都能有一个多么能干的个人来为他服务啊
289.换言之,矿物就是存在于地球上的而且必须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆炸或类似作业才能获得的物质
90.煤和油是植物和动物的残体原矿石和原油必须加以精炼才能使用
91.人类文明的各个时期通常是根据从们在各个时期所主要使用的物质名称而命名的,例如石器时代、铁器时代,等等
92.使用原料的能力大小取决于各种因素,例如,获取原料的手段、开采方法和加工技术
93.提炼原矿石的厂房设备通常不是设在开采原矿石的国家而是设在其他国家
94.直到六十年前人们才发现一种开采铝矿石的方法,从而有可能从中得出一种成本低廉、大规模提炼的炼铝法
95.在过去的几十年间,人们对待矿物的态度是仿佛他们可以永远不断地得到矿物供应
96.可是现在他们认识到,其中有些矿物的蕴藏是很有限的,他们甚至还是可较合理地估计出这些矿石“可望存在多少年”,也就是说,经过多少时间之后,这些矿物的全部书籍矿源和蕴藏量将被耗尽1983年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Circletheletterbeforeyourchoice.Onlyonechoiceistobecircled10pointsEXAMPLE:Tomhasbeenunemployed________helosthisjobthreeweeksago.[A]after[B]since[C]before[D]whileANSWER:[B]
1.________borninChicagotheauthorismostfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYorkCity.[A]Although[B]Since[C]As[D]When
2.AllenandIareinthesamehistoryclassbuthisassignmentisdifferent________mine.[A]with[B]from[C]against[D]to
3.Theyhaveallgotupand________.[A]Jackhastoo[B]sohasJack[C]Jackhasnt[D]alsohasJack
4.Iamsurethat________yousaidiswrong.[A]which[B]all[C]this[D]what
5.________fouryearssinceJohnleftschool.[A]Theyhavebeen[B]Itis[C]Itwas[D]Thoseare
6.Ihavebeentothedoctorsaboutmyheadache.Hesaysthereis________.[A]somethingserious[B]anythingserious[C]notserious[D]nothingserious
7.Thisbicycleishisnot________.[A]their[B]hers[C]her[D]your
8.Agoodwriteris________whocanexpressthecommonplaceinanuncommonway.[A]that[B]he[C]one[D]this
9.Thoseareverypleasantrooms.Howmuchdoyou________them[A]want[B]demand[C]askfor[D]ask
10.Hishonestyis________:nobodycandoubtit.[A]inquestion[B]outofthequestion[C]besidethequestion[D]withoutquestionSectionIIVerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofverbsgiveninbrackets.10pointsEXAMPLE:Willyoucallthemupandtellthemwellstartassoonastherain________stopANSWER:stops
11.Hetriedtoavoid________answermyquestions.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
12.________completeonetaskwestartedonanotherone.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
13.Iwishyou________nothurtJimsomuch.Heisstillverydepressed.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
14.Inrecentyearsanumberofcommunicationssatellites________putintoorbitabouttheearth.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
15.Shesatatthewindow________readanovel.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
16.Ifyouhadspokenclearlyyou________understand.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
17.Wethinkthishouseisworth________renovate.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
18.Dontgetyourschedule________change;staywithusinthisclass.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
19.Ivegotaloafofbread;nowImlookingforaknife________cutitwith.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
20.Theresnouse________cryoverspiltmilk.SectionIIIError-detectionEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedpartswordsorphrases.Thesepartsarelabeled[A][B][C]and[D].Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandcircletheletterofyourchoice.IfyoufindnomistakesinasentencecircletheletterEforNoError.Onlyonechoiceistobecircled.10pointsEXAMPLE:1Theplantmanagermanyworkersverysafetyprecautions.ANSWER:[B]2Tocomprehendstudentread.ANSWER:[E]
21.anelectionwasvotersfromalloflifewere.([C]approveof)
22.Ihedischargedhisseriousmistake.([C]approveof)
23.adultnovelsyoungreaders.([C]approveof)
24.numberofmadehimwas.([C]approveof)
25.Thisarticledealsthenaturalphenomenonwhichmostinteresting.([C]approveof)
26.Oftenwehernottolateschool.([C]approveof)
27.Thesuntheearthmakespossibleplantstogrow.([C]approveof)
28.thebestmyhedidverywellhispreviousjob.
29.alongthestreetearlythemorninghesomeone.([C]approveof)([C]approveof)
30.youmakedecisionyoumusttake.([C]approveof)(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)SectionIVClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeledABCandD.Choosethecorrectoneandcircletheletterbeforeyourchoice.Onlyonechoiceistobecircled.10pointsEXAMPLE:BillcametoworkattheUniversitythirtyyears________today.[A]since[B]before[C]from[D]agoANSWER:[D]Inthe20thcenturychemistshavelearnedtomakeofnewcompoundsthatneverexisted.Manyofthemareusefultoindustry.Industryalsofoundnewusesoldwell-knownsuchasmercuryarsenicandlead.Wehavelearnedtouseradioactivesubstancesinmanufacturingelectricalpowerandsomematerialsusedinmedicine.Manyofthesesubstancesarepoisonoustopeople.Accidentallyorpurposemanyofthemaredischargedintostreamsandlakes.Birdsandfisharekilledbythem.Insomepeoplehavebeenkilledorbythem.Insomecountriesmanypeoplewerekilledbyeatingfishthathadlivedinwatercontaminatedwithmercury;otherswerecrippledlife.Thereisnosolutionatpresenttheproblemofwaterpollutionbymanydifferentkindsofindustrialwastes.Ideallyallthewastesshouldbecollectedandusedagain.
31.[A]thethousand[B]thousands[C]athousand(A)[D]onethousand
32.[A]earlier[B]early[C]ago(D)[D]before
33.[A]for[B]to[C]of(B)[D]with
34.[A]things[B]matters[C]substances(C)[D]materials
35.[A]in[B]with[C]on(B)[D]for
36.[A]cases[B]conditions[C]situations(D)[D]environments
37.[A]gotsick[B]fellsick[C]becamesick(B)[D]madesick
38.[A]more[B]still[C]the(A)[D]most
39.[A]in[B]of[C]for(A)[D]by
40.[A]of[B]in[C]about(C)[D]toSectionVReadingComprehensionEachsentencebelowisfollowedbyfourstatements.Oneofthestatementsisasuggestionwhichcanbemadefromtheinformationgivenintheoriginalsentence.Readthesentencescarefullyandcircleyourchoice.Onlyonechoiceistobecircled.10pointsEXAMPLE:WhatismostobviousinthisbookareallthosedetailsofdailylivingwhichmakeMrs.Richardsanythingbutcommon.[A]Mrs.Richardsisveryobvious.[B]Mrs.Richardsisanunusualperson.[C]Mrs.Richardsisanythingshewantstobe.[D]Mrs.Richardsisquiteordinary.ANSWER:[B]
41.Dr.SmithmadealongspeechinwhichheimpliedthathewasafriendoftheDeans.[A]Dr.SmithwasnotafriendoftheDeans.[B]Dr.SmithgaveatalkinwhichhesaidhewasafriendoftheDeans.[C]Dr.SmithsuggestedinhisspeechthathewasafriendoftheDeans.[D]Dr.SmithmadeamovingspeechinwhichhesaidthathewasafriendoftheDeans.
42.ReadingbetweenthelinesIshouldsaythescientistsaredisappointedattheoutcomeoftheresearchprojectthoughtheywillnotopenlyadmitit.[A]Thescientistsadmitthattheirresearchprojectisafailure.[B]Thescientistsarenotsatisfiedwiththeoutcomeoftheresearchproject.[C]Thescientistsdenythattheoutcomeoftheresearchprojectisafailure.[D]Theoutcomeoftheresearchprojectisnotafailure.
43.JohnandIdidnotseeeachotherveryoftenbutwheneverIwasintroublehealwayscametomeandofferedhishelp.[A]Iwasoftenintrouble.[B]Johnwasatruefriendofmine.[C]JohncametoseemeonlywhenIwasintrouble.[D]TimeandagainJohncametomyhelp.
44.Whenheenteredtheroomweallstoppedtalkingandglancedateachotheruneasily.[A]Wewereallafraidofhim.[B]Weallrespectedhim.[C]Hewasafriendofours.[D]Hewasanopponenttoallofus.
45.Itisatalewhichholdschildrenfromplayandoldmenfromthechimneycorner.[A]Thechildrenareplayer.[B]Thestoryisfascinating.[C]Theoldmenaresittingnearthechimneycorner.[D]Thetaleisaboutchildrenandoldmen.SectionVIStructureandVocabularyFillintheblankswiththewordswhichbestcompletethemeaningofthesentences.10pointsEXAMPLE:Iftheteamswerenotsoevenlymatcheditwouldbeeasierto________theoutcome.[A]precede[B]expect[C]foretell[D]countANSWER:[C]
46.Thetwinsaresomuch________thatitisdifficulttotellonefromtheother.[A]similar[B]equal[C]like(C)[D]alike
47.Thephoto________happymemoriesofmyearlychildhood.[A]refreshed[B]bringstomind[C]stimulates(C)[D]remindsmyself
48.Thisalbumis________asitwastheonlyoneeversignedbythePresident.[A]unusual[B]unique[C]rare(C)[D]singular
49.Thefiremenmanagedto________thefireintime.[A]extinguish[B]prevent[C]stop(C)[D]suppress
50.Ibelievereservesofcoalhereare________tolastforfiftyyears.[A]sufficient[B]efficient[C]persistent(C)[D]rich
51.Thisroomispartly________withafewoldarmchairs.[A]provided[B]decorated[C]beautified(C)[D]furnished
52.Henry’snewsreportcoveringtheconferencewasso________thatnothinghadbeenomitted.[A]clear[B]integrated[C]comprehensive(C)[D]understandable
53.Theseplasticflowerslookso________thatmanypeoplethinktheyarereal.[A]beautiful[B]natural[C]comparable(C)[D]similar
54.Wearenow________anewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.[A]composing[B]writing[C]compiling(C)[D]creating
55.Thestudents________theirthankstoProfessorDavisbypresentinghimwithapartinggift.[A]revealed[B]expressed[C]showed(C)[D]saidSectionVIIChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.15points
56.我们不同意他刚才说的话
57.在老师再解释一遍后,同学们才听懂这句子的意思
58.我们很高兴他如期完成任务
59.我们对他解决问题的方法很感兴趣
60.我们虽然引进新技术和设备,但是我们将主要依靠自己来实现国个现代化SectionVIIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationChooseeitherofthefollowingtwopassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.25points1Letussupposethatyouareinthepositionofaparent.WouldyouallowyourchildrentoreadanybooktheywantedtowithoutfirstcheckingitscontentsWouldyoutakeyourchildrentoseeanyfilmwithoutfirstfindingoutwhetheritissuitableforthemIfyouranswertothesequestionsis‘yes’thenyouarejustplainirresponsible.Ifyouransweris‘no’thenyouareexercisingyourrightasaparenttoprotectyourchildrenfromwhatyouconsidertobeundesirableinfluences.Inotherwordsbyactingasanexamineryourselfyouareadmittingthatthereisastrongcaseforcensorship.Nowofcourseyouwillsaythatitisonethingtoexercisecensorshipwherechildrenareconcernedandquiteanothertodothesameforadults.Childrenneedprotectionanditistheparents’responsibilitytoprovideit.ButwhataboutadultsAren’ttheyoldenoughtodecidewhatisgoodforthemTheansweristhatmanyadultsarebutdon’tmakethemistakeofthinkingthatalladultsarelikeyourself.Censorshipisforthegoodofsocietyasawhole.Likethelawitcontributestothecommongood.Somepeoplethinkthatitisashamethatacensorshouldinterferewithworksofart.Butwemustbearinmindthatthegreatproportionofbooksplaysandfilmswhichcomebeforethecensorareveryfarfrombeing‘worksofart’.Whencensorshiplawsarerelaxeddishonestpeoplearegivenachancetoproducevirtuallyanythinginthenameof‘art’.Oneofthegreatthingsthatcensorshipdoesistopreventcertainpeoplefrommakingfatprofitsbycorruptingthemindsofothers.Toargueinfavourofabsolutefreedomistoargueinfavourofanarchy.Societywouldreallybethebetterifitwereprotectedbycorrectcensorship.2Ifthesunhasenoughpowertowarmandlightthewholeearthitmusthaveenoughpowertodootherthingstoo.Canweusethesun’sabundantenergytosupplyelectricityoratleasttoperformthefunctionswhichelectricityorothertypesofpowerusuallyperformTheanswerisyes.Forexamplepeoplehaveformanyyearsbeenusingthereflectedheatofthesuntocookby.Solarcookershavebeenbuiltwithseveralcurvedmirrorsreflectingthesunandfocusingitsheatonthecookingelement.Thisapparatuscanbeusedjustlikeagasorelectricstove;itismoreexpensivetomakebutitdoesnotneedanyfuelandsocostsnothingtouse.Anotherpossibilityofusingsolarenergyisinhouse-heating.Theformofenergyweusemostiselectricityandeverydaymoreisneeded.Butelectricityhastobemadetooandtomakeithugequantitiesoffuelarerequired—oilcoalgasandnowadaysevenuranium.Thequestionwhichworrieseveryonetodayis:howlongwillthesefuelslastNobodyknowsforsurebutmostexpertsthinkitwillsoonbedifficulttoobtainsufficientelectricityfromthesesources.Itispossiblethatthesuncanmakeacontributionheretoo.Solarpowerhasalreadybeenusedtoproduceterrifichat.InSouthernFranceasolarfurnacehasbeenbuiltwheretemperaturesreachmorethan3000°Centigrade.Thisfurnaceisonlyusedforexperimentsatpresentbutcouldbeusedtoproducesteamforapowerstation.Soitispossiblethatonedayinthenearfuturewewilldependonsolarfurnacesandpowerstationstoprovideourelectricalneeds.Orperhapseachhomewillhaveasolargeneratortoprovidepowerforlightingandheating.1983年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary10points
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56.Wedonotagreewithwhathehasjustsaid.
57.Thestudentsdidnotunderstandthemeaningofthesentenceuntiltheteacherhadexplaineditasecondtime.
58.Weareverygladthathehasfulfilledthetaskintime.
59.Weareinterestedinthewayhesolvedtheproblems.
60.Althoughweimportsomenewtechniquesandequipmentwewillrelymainlyonourselvestorealizethefourmodernizations.SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation25points1让我们假设你处在家长的地位你会允许你的孩子们随便读他们想读的书而不首先查一下内容吗?你会随便带你的孩子去看电影而不首先搞清楚这部片子对他们是否合适吗?假如你对这些问题的回答是“是”的话,那你简直就是不负责任如果你回答“否”,那你就是在运用你家长的权利来保护你的孩子,使他们免受你认为不良的影响换句话话,你在作为检查者时已经认定实行审查很有必要当然,你会说审查对儿童而言是一回事,但对成人却是另一回事儿童需要保护,提供这种保护是父母的责任但是成年人又如何呢?难道他们还不够成熟以判断哪些东西对他们有益吗?回答是许多成年人是能做到的不过千万别误认为所有的成年人都象你自己一样审查是为了整个社会的利益它象法律一样维护公众利益有些人认为审查员干涉文艺作品是不光彩的事可是我们要牢记送到审查员面前的大量书刊、戏剧和电影远非“杰作”当审查法放宽时,招摇撞骗之徒就会有机可乘在“艺术”的幌子下什么样的东西都会炮制出来审查工作的大事之一就是防止某些人靠腐蚀别人的思想以谋取厚利主张绝对自由就是主张无政府状态如果社会得到正确审查制度的保护一定会变得更好2太阳既然有足够的能量使整个地球变得温暖和明亮,它必定也有足够的能量做出其他的事我们是否能利用太阳丰富的能源来发电,或至少是用它来做电力或别种动力通常要做的事?回答是肯定的例如,多年来人们一直在利用反射太阳光的热量来烧煮食物太阳炉是用几面曲面镜反射阳光并将其热量聚焦于炊具上制成的这种装置可以象煤气炉或电炉一样使用;制造成本虽然较高,但它不需用燃料,因而使用就不必花钱太阳能的另一个可能性是取暖我们用得最多的能的形式是电而且用量与日俱增但是电也需要生产,要生产电就需要大量燃料,如石油、煤、可燃气,现在甚至用铀作燃料今天人人都担心的问题是这些燃料能维持多久?谁也无法确知,但是大多数专家认为不需太久就难以靠这些来源提供充足的电力了太阳倒有可能在这方面作出一定的贡献太阳能已被用来提供极高的温度在法国南部已经建造了一座太阳炉,供热可高达摄氏3000度以上这座太阳炉目前只用于实验工作,但是有可能给发电站提供蒸汽所以在不久的将来,我们有可能依靠太阳炉和太阳能发电站来提供我们对电力的需要或许家家户户都将用太阳能来提供照明和加热用的电力1982年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillcompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Circletheletterbeforeyourchoice.Onlyonechoiceistobecircled12pointsEXAMPLE:1Thematter________youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.[A]what[B]as[C]whom[D]thatANSWER:[D]2Wemustnotrule________thepossibilityofmiscalculation.[A]away[B]off[C]out[D]upANSWER:[C]
1.Younevertolduswhyyouwerelateforthelastmeeting________[A]weren’tyou[B]didn’tyou[C]hadyou[D]didyou
2.Ihavetoget________aboutthesubjectbeforeIwritethepaper.[A]afewmoreinformations[B]alittlemoreinformation[C]afewmoreinformation[D]alittlemoreinformations
3.Onlywhenyouhaveacquiredagoodknowledgeofgrammar________writecorrectly.[A]youwill[B]youcan[C]canyou[D]can’tyou
4.________itisyou’vefoundyoumustgiveitbacktothepersonitbelongsto.[A]That[B]Because[C]Whatever[D]However
5.Although________happenedinthatdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefictionitcouldoccurelsewhereintheworld.[A]which[B]what[C]how[D]it
6.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung________contributestohissuccessinlaterlife.[A]which[B]therefore[C]which[D]sothat
7.Hefeltitratherdifficulttotakeastand________theopinionofthemajority.[A]against[B]by[C]to[D]in
8.Ineedabookdealing________anti-pollutionproblems.[A]about[B]on[C]with[D]to
9.Hehasbeenaskedtoaccount________hisabsence.[A]of[B]on[C]about[D]for
10.Sciencehasbrought________manychangesinourlives.[A]out[B]into[C]about[D]forward
11.Howdiditcome________thatyoumadealotofmistakesinyourhomework[A]about[B]after[C]with[D]to
12.Sciencehasbrought________manychangesinourlives.[A]for[B]to[C]in[D]withSectionIIVerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofverbsgiveninbrackets.12pointsEXAMPLE:1Willyoucallthemupandtellthemwellstartassoonastherain________stopANSWER:stops2________SeefromthemoonourEarthlookslikeabigbrightdisk.ANSWER:Seen
13.Theauthorgaveadetaileddescription________baseonhispersonalobservationofnature.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
14.ThewayhetalksissimplyintolerableIobjectto________treatlikeachild.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
15.Thesestudentsarequickatlearning.We’llhavethem________traininnewmethods.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
16.Hadshebeengivensomeinformationshe________cananswerthequestions.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
17.Helenborrowedmydictionarytheotherday________saythatshe________returnitsoon.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
18.Maryalwayshasalotofletterstowrite.She________writelettersallafternoonandshestill________notfinish.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
19.Wepromisedthemtobethereby5o’clock.Nowit’s4:50alreadyandtherain________pourdownlikethis.They________mustwaitforusimpatiently.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
20.Mr.Greenranallthewayuptothestationonly________findthatthetrain________leavefifteenminutesbefore.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)SectionIIIError-detectionEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfourunderlinedpartswordsorphrases.Thesepartsarelabeled[A][B][C]and[D].Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandcircletheletterofyourchoice.IfyoufindnomistakesinasentencecircletheletterEforNoError.Onlyonechoiceistobecircled.10pointsEXAMPLE:1Theplantmanagermanyworkersverysafetyprecautions.ANSWER:[B]2Tocomprehendstudentread.ANSWER:[E]
21.Ifthepolicemanearlierhetheaccident.([C]approveof)
22.Theofthearehis.([C]approveof)
23.theteacherthestudentsintroducedtodean.([C]approveof)
24.ThevisibilitybecameIseethemanwhowaswalkinginfrontofme.([C]approveof)
25.Shealltheclothesthataroundtheroom.([C]approveof)
26.Theofhourswespenttheworkwas.([C]approveof)
27.Thelecturerisapersongreatandshouldencouraged.([C]approveof)
28.MynameisWilliammyfriendsmeBill.([C]approveof)
29.WesuggestSmithaboutphysicalconditionassoonaspossible.([C]approveof)
30.ThegroupforplaneBeijing.([C]approveof)(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)SectionIVClozeTestForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabeledABCandD.Choosethecorrectoneandcircletheletterbeforeyourchoice.Onlyonechoiceistobecircled.11pointsEXAMPLE:____1____thefinalsceneInoticedhim____2____hiseyes..
1.[A]During[B]While[C]Assoonas[D]Nosoonerthan
2.[A]towipe[B]wiping[C]tobewiped[D]havingwipedANSWER:
1.[A]
2.[B]beforemanlearnedhowtobuildhouseshenaturalsheltersastheanimalsdid.Hefoundthathecouldhimselfbyclimbingupintotreesorbycrouchingtheoverhangingedgesofcliffsorbycrawlinginto.Thefirstsheltersorhomesactuallybuiltbymanwereverysimple.Forhisbuildingheusedwhathecouldfindeasilyhim:rockstreebranchesdriedgrassesanimalskins.Itwashoweverbeforemanbegantobuildsheltersbecausemanlearnedtofarmhelivedby.
31.[A]Epoch[B]Long[C]Time(A)[D]Age
32.[A]lookedafter[B]lookedabout[C]lookedfor(D)[D]lookedinto
33.[A]protect[B]confine[C]bury(B)[D]cover
34.[A]to[B]above[C]into(C)[D]under
35.[A]cracks[B]pits[C]caves(B)[D]cavities
36.[A]rocks[B]substance[C]materials(D)[D]groundwork
37.[A]around[B]above[C]under(B)[D]over
38.[A]intime[B]manyatime[C]behindthetime(A)[D]alongtime
39.[A]permanent[B]unchangeable[C]changeable(A)[D]perpetual
40.[A]if[B]incase[C]until(C)[D]after
41.[A]fishing[B]gaming[C]hunting(C)[D]shootingSectionVReadingComprehensionEachsentenceorparagraphbelowisfollowedbyfourstatements.Oneofthestatementsisasuggestionwhichcanbedrawnfromtheinformationgivenintheoriginalsentenceorparagraph.Readthesentencesandparagraphcarefullyandcircleyourchoice.Onlyonechoiceistobecircled.10pointsEXAMPLE:Whetherthestudyofthelunarrockswillanswerthelongdebatedquestionoftheoriginofthemoonremainstobeseen.[A]Thespeakerwantstoremainbehindtoseewhetherthestudywillthrowlightonthequestion.[B]Thespeakerfeelsthatthestudywillprobablyanswerthequestion.[C]Thespeakerissurethatthestudywillproduceananswertothequestion.[D]Thespeakerisnotsurewhetherthestudywillanswerthequestionornot.ANSWER:[D]
42.Ifthisbookbeginswithafamiliarthem—theIndianexperienceofthelast120years—theauthorbringstoitgreatpoweranddeepunderstanding.[A]Thismeansthatthebookwaswritten120yearsago.[B]ThismeansthattheIndianexperienceofthelast120yearsisafamiliarexperienceandnothingnewcanbewrittenaboutit.[C]ThismeansthatthebooklacksunderstandingoftheIndianexperience.[D]Thismeansthatthewriterofthissentencelikesthebook.
43.IdisagreedthenasnowwithmanyofJohnSmith’sjudgmentsbutalwaysrespectedhimandthisbookisawelcomereminderofhisbighonestfriendlystubbornpersonality.[A]ThewriterofthissentencedislikesJohnSmithbutagreeswithhisideas.[B]ThewriterofthissentenceconsidersJohnSmithtobeadisagreeableperson.[C]ThewriterofthissentencedisagreeswithJohnSmithbutrespectshim.[D]Thewriterofthissentencedisagreedwithhimthenbutagreeswithhimnow.
44.JustbeforehistenthbirthdayJohnreceivedahorsefromhisfather;thiswasthefirstofaseriesofexpensivegiftsintendedtocreatetheimpressionofalovingparent.[A]Johnreceivedthehorsebecausehewasten.[B]Johnreceivedthehorsebecausehisfatherlovedhim.[C]Johnreceivedthehorsebecausehisfatherwantedtoseemloving.[D]Johnreceivedthehorsebecausehisfatherwouldn’tbeabletogivehimexpensivegiftsinthefuture.
45.Itcannotbedoubtedthatwithoutintelligenceanddiligenceonthepartofthestudentsthemselvesasindeedwithouttheleadershipandthecoachingoftheteachersagoodexaminationresultwillnotcome.[A]Thissentencemeansthatforagoodresultofanexaminationboththeintelligenceanddiligenceofthestudentsandtheguidanceoftheteachersmustbestressed.[B]Thissentencemeansthatagoodresultofexaminationwillcomewithouteitherthestudents’effortorthatoftheteachers.[C]Thissentencemeansthatagoodexaminationresultdependschieflyonthecorrectguidanceoftheteachers.[D]Thissentencemeansthatagoodexaminationresultdependsoneitherthestudentsortheteachers.
46.Industryandcommercearethelargestusersofelectricalenergy.Usinglesselectricitywouldmeanareducedindustrialcapacityandfewerjobsintheaffectedindustries.Thereforeanunfavorablechangeinoureconomicstructuremightresult.[A]Thismeansthatdecreasingtheuseofelectricitymustbeginimmediately.[B]Thismeansthatdecreasingtheuseofelectricitywillcausedifficulties.[C]Thismeansthatdecreasingtheuseofelectricityisn’timportant.[D]Thismeansthatdecreasingtheuseofelectricitywon’taffectindustry.SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.15points
47.随着时间的过去,他将会懂得我所讲的话
48.听说那个地区的工厂比1970年增加了两倍
49.在这个季节保持蔬菜新鲜可不容易
50.只要我们继续努力工作,我们就能提前完成任务
51.尽管我们的政治和经济制度存在着巨大差异,我们两国在许多方面有着共同的利益SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationChooseeitherofthefollowingtwopassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.30points1Incountryaftercountrytalkofnon-smokers’rightisintheair.Whileamajorityofcountrieshavetakenlittleornoactionyetsome30nationshaveintroducedlegislativestepstocontrolsmoking.Manylawshavebeenintroducedinothercountriestohelpcleartheairfornonsmokersortocutcigaretteconsumption.Insomedevelopedcountriestheconsumptionofcigaretteshasbecomemoreorlessstabilized.Howeverinmanydevelopingnationscigarettesmokingisseenasasignofeconomicprogress—andisevenencouraged.Asmoretobaccocompaniesgointernationalnewmarketsaresoughttogainnewsmokersinthosecountries.ForexamplegreateffortsaremadebytheAmericantobaccoindustrytosellcigarettesintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica—whereU.S.tobaccoexportsincreasedbymorethan27percentin
1974.Smokingisharmfultothehealthofpeople.Worldgovernmentsshouldconductseriouscampaignsagainstit.Restrictionsoncigaretteadvertisementsplushealthwarningsonpackagesandbansonpublicsmokingincertainplacessuchastheatrescinemasandrestaurantsarethemostpopulartoolsusedbynationsinsupportofnonsmokersorincurbingsmoking.Butworldattentionalsoisfocusingonanotherstepwhichwillmakethesmokerincreasinglyself-consciousanduncomfortableabouthishabit.Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallyofthedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.Andcigarettepriceshouldbeboosted.Inthelongrunthereisnodoubtthateverybodywouldbemuchbetter-offifsmokingwerebannedaltogetherbutpeoplearenotreadyforsuchdrasticaction.2Nuclearpower’sdangertohealthsafetyandevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation.Nuclearradiationhasacertainmysteryaboutitpartlybecauseitcannotbedetectedbyhumansenses.Itcan’tbeseenorheardortouchedortastedeventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.Thereareotherthingslikethat.Forexampleradiowavesareallaroundusbutwecan’tdetectthemsensethemwithoutaradioreceiver.Similarlywecan’tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector.Butunlikecommonradiowavesnuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings.Atveryhighlevelsradiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingoutrightbykillingmassesofcellsinvitalorgans.Buteventhelowestlevelscandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportantthedamagemanynotbesignificant.Thisisthecasewhenonlyafewcellsarehitandiftheyarekilledoutright.Yourbodywillreplacethedeadcellswithhealthyones.Butifthefewcellsareonlydamagedandiftheyreproducethemselvesyoumaybeinadeformedway.Theycangrowintocancer.Sometimesthisdoesnotshowupformanyyears.Thisisanotherreasonforsomeofthemysteryaboutnuclearradiation.Seriousdamagecanbedonewithoutthevictimbeingawareatthetimethatdamagehasoccurred.Apersoncanbeirradiatedandfeelfinethendieofcancerfivetenortwentyyearslaterasaresult.Orachildcanbebornweakorliabletoseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbedbyitsgrandparents.Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.1982年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary12points
1.[D]
2.[B]
3.[C]
4.[C]
5.[B]
6.[A]
7.[A]
8.[C]
9.[D]
10.[C]
11.[A]
12.[C]SectionII:VerbForms12points
13.based
14.beingtreated
15.trained
16.couldhaveanswered
17.saying;wouldreturn
18.hasbeenwriting;hasnotfinished
19.ispouring;mustbewaiting
20.tofind;hadleftSectionIII:Error-detection10points
21.[A]
22.[D]
23.[E]
24.[C]
25.[D]
26.[A]
27.[C]
28.[A]
29.[C]
30.[C]SectionIV:ClozeTest11points
31.[B]
32.[C]
33.[A]
34.[D]
35.[C]
36.[C]
37.[A]
38.[D]
39.[A]
40.[C]
41.[C]SectionV:ReadingComprehension10points
42.[D]
43.[C]
44.[C]
45.[A]
46.[B]SectionVII:Chinese-EnglishTranslation15points
56.AstimegoesonhewillunderstandwhatIsaid.
57.Wehavebeentoldthattherearenowthreetimesasmanyfactoriesinthatdistrictasin
1970.
58.Itishardworkkeepingvegetablesfreshinthisseason.
59.Solongaswecontinuetoworkhardwecanfinishthetaskaheadofschedule.
60.Despitethegreatdifferencesbetweenourpoliticalandeconomicsystemsourtwocountriesshareawiderangeofcommoninterest.SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation30points1不吸烟者的权利问题,正在一个又一个国家里开始议论至今多数国家很少或还没有采取措施,有三十个左右的国家已经采取法律程序控制吸烟另一些国家则已制订旨在为不吸烟者净化空气或消减纸烟消费量的多种法律在某些发达国家中纸烟的消费量已渐趋稳定然而在许多发展中国家里,吸烟却被视为经济发展的一种标志——甚至受到鼓励随着更多的烟草公司走上国际化的道路,它们在这些国家中寻找新的市场,争取更多的吸烟者例如美国烟草工业就力图在中东和北非推销香烟——在这些地区,美国烟草出口量在1974年增加了百分之二十七以上吸烟对人民健康有害世界各国政府应该开展认真的反对吸烟运动限制香烟广告,每包香烟上加印有害健康的警告,以及禁止在诸如影剧院和餐馆等某些公共场所吸烟,这些都是许多国家用以支持不吸烟者和控制吸烟最常用的办法同时,人们也正把注意力集中在另一项措施上这项措施将使吸烟者越来越意识到自己的不良习惯并为此感到不安应该作出巨大努力告诉青年人抽烟的危害性,特别是养成抽烟习惯的可怕后果而且香烟价格应予提高从长远观点看,毫无疑问,如果能完全禁止吸烟,那么每个人的境况将得到很大的改善但对于采取这种极端措施,人们尚无准备2核能对健康、安全甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词来概括辐射核辐射这种现象多少有点神秘,其部分原因是人类的官能无法觉察到它的存在尽管我们周围可能都是辐射线,可是我们看不风它,听不到它,摸不着它,也辨别不出它的味道还有一些和它相类似的东西例如,我们四周到处都是无线电波,但如果没有无线电接收器,我们就不能探测到或感觉到它的存在同样,如果不用辐射探测器,我们也不能感觉到放射现象但核辐射不同于普通的无线电波,它对人类以及其他生物不是无害的能级非常高的辐射线能摧毁重要器官里的大量细胞从而把动物或人立即杀死即使是最低能级的辐射线也能造成严重的损害不存在任何绝对安全的辐射能级如果辐射线没有击中任何重要的东西,造成的损害可能不太大当辐射线只击中少数细胞并且立即摧毁它们的时候,情况就是这样你的身体能以健康的细胞代替死亡的细胞但如果这些少数的细胞只受到损坏,而这些细胞又自行繁殖,那你就会遇到麻烦它们进行畸形繁殖它们有可能演变成癌,这种情况有时在许多年之后才能显示出来这是核辐射现象带有某些神秘色彩的另一个原因它可能在损害已经发生而受害者意识不到的情况下造成严重损害一个人在受到照射时可能感觉良好,结果在五年、十年或二十年后死于癌症或者小孩一生下来就体弱或易于感染严重的疾病,原因是他的祖父母曾吸收过辐射线辐射线能伤害我们我们应该知道真相1981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIStructureandVocabularyIneachquestiondecidewhichofthefivechoicesgivenwouldmostsuitablycompletethesentence.Circletheletterbeforeyourchoice.Onlyonechoiceistobecircled14pointsEXAMPLE:Theguestssaidthattheywouldn’tmind________.[A]tohavealittlelightmusic[B]havingalittlelightmusic[C]havealittlelightmusic[D]iftheyhavealittlelightmusic[E]thattheyhavealittlelightmusicANSWER:[B]
1.Shehasbeenworkinginthisfactory________.[A]after1968[B]in1968[C]since1968[D]for1968[E]until
19682.Wecan’tunderstandwhyheavoided________tous.[A]tospeak[B]speech[C]havingspoken[D]speaking[E]tohavespoken
3.Iaminterestedin________youhavetoldme.[A]which[B]allthat[C]allwhat[D]that[E]everythingofwhich
4.Itisbecausesheistooinexperienced________shedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththesituation.[A]so[B]that[C]sothat[D]therefore[E]thatiswhy
5.Hewasafraidhewouldhaveto________herinvitationtotheparty.[A]refute[B]refuse[C]return[D]ignore[E]decline
6.Shewantstoknowwhetherthemeasureshavebeenagreed________.[A]to[B]with[C]about[D]upon[E]over
7.Sincesheisangrywe________.[A]hadbetterleavingheralone[B]shouldleaveheralone[C]mightaswellleaveheralone[D]hadratherleaveheralone[E]mustleaveheralone
8.IwishI________tothemovieswithyoulastnight.[A]went[B]didgo[C]couldgo[D]havegone[E]couldhavegone
9.Scarcelyhadtheysettledthemselvesintheirseatsinthetheatre________thecurtainwentup.[A]than[B]when[C]before[D]assoonas[E]as
10.Writeclearly________yourteachercanunderstandyoucorrectly.[A]since[B]for[C]because[D]sothat[E]then
11.Ifthedoctorhadbeenavailablethechild________.[A]wouldnotdie[B]wouldnothavedied[C]couldnotdie[D]couldnothavedied[E]shouldnothavedied
12.I’djustassoon________rudelytoher.[A]thatyouwon’tspeak[B]yournotspeaking[C]younotspeak[D]youhadn’tspoken[E]youdidn’tspeak
13.Tenyearshadelapsed.Ifoundshehad________.[A]alittlewhitehair[B]somewhitehair[C]muchwhitehair[D]afewwhitehair[E]afewwhitehairs
14.Theelectricshaver________beforeitcanbeused.[A]needsrepairing[B]requirestoberepaired[C]shouldbeinrepair[D]hastoberepairable[E]mustrepairSectionIIError-detectionEachquestionconsistsofasentencewithfiveunderlinedpartswordsorphrases.Thesepartsarelabeled[A][B][C][D]and[E].Choosethepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandcircletheletterofyourchoice.Onlyonechoiceistobemarked.8pointsEXAMPLE:Wetheresearchasaswe;itdidnottobesatisfactory.ANSWER:[B]
15.Thepresidentthedeansplanningathepurposeofcertainregulations.([C]approveof)
16.convincethedirectortheirplantheyanumberofreportstheirargument.([C]approveof)
17.Hismethodresearchworkisappreciated;heinferiorothers.([C]approveof)
18.Aseriesthelecturersscheduledthenext.([C]approveof)
19.Theautomobileindustrythatwillconsumegasolineandmuchlesspollution.([C]approveof)
20.WhenhisplanetheairportIBeijing.([C]approveof)
21.Theindustrialthedirectionofmachinesandpeople.([C]approveof)
22.Theworkerstoworkbefore.SectionIIISentenceMakingCombinethegivenwordsandphrasesintosentences.4pointsEXAMPLE:Hissons/he/theirgrandmother/tosee/justbeforehislastbirthday/takeANSWER:Justbeforehislastbirthdayhetookhissonstoseetheirgrandmother.
23.lastmonth/inEurope/travel/she/since
24.thedecision/asfinal/frankly/should/notconsider
25.tothestranger/talk/there/stand/awhileago/he
26.thiskindof/can/getusedto/I/never/food/eatSectionIVVerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbgiveninparentheses.14pointsEXAMPLE:“Those”hesaid________pointtothebooks________pileonthedesk“________needovertherenow.”ANSWER:pointing;piled;areneededThousandsofyears________passsincethen;butpeoplestill________like________tellthestoryofLeonidasandthebravethreehundredwho________dedicatetheirlivestotheircountry.ANSWER:havepassed;like;totell;dedicated
27.Thepublicdemandedthattheprices________reduce.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
28.Withtheguide________leadthewaywesetoffonfootintothedarknight.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
29.Ineedthatbookbadly.Ifyougotothebookshopthisafternoonpleaseremember________buyacopyforme.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
30.________arrivehomeatdaybreakhefeltdeadtired.He________workallnight.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
31.________exhaustbyhisworkhelaydownonthebedtotakearest.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
32.We’llhavetotakearoundaboutcoursefortheroad________repair.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
33.Nodecision________makeaboutthatmatteryet.We________stillconsiderit.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
34.________meetTomearliertodayIdon’tneedtoseehimagain.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
35.Ifyou________goonatthepresentrateyou________useupallthepetroleumbytheendofthemonth.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
36.Thebuildingissaid________destroyinafiretwoyearsago.
37.Thecar________goatthepresentspeeduntilitreachesthefootofthemountainataboutteno’clocktonight.SectionVClozeTestFillintheblankswithproperwords10pointsInrecentyearstelevisionhasbecomethemostpopularformofentertainment.Itdoesnotlookasifitwillbepopularintheworldofthefuture.Infactitlooksasiftelevisionwillbecomemorepopularthanever.Newsystemsoftelevisionhavebeenmadepossiblethediscoveryofthelaser.Alaserisabeamoflightthathasmanystrangequalities.Byusingalaseritispossibletothroweverylargeandverycleartelevisionpicturesonascreen.Thesepicturesmaybeaslargeasthreemeters.Manypeoplecouldwatchthiskindoftelevisiontogether.Laserbeamshavealsomadeverythintelevisionsets.Thesesetscanbehungonthewallofaroomlikealargepicture.Anotherdevelopmentinthefuturewillbethreedimensionaltelevision;thepicturewilllookmore‘real’itwillhavedepthaswellasheightandlength.Inthenearfutureyouwillbeabletobuyyourfavouritetelevisionprogrammesalreadyontapes.Theywillbelikethetapesareusedinsmallcassettetaperecorderstoday.Youwillalsobeabletorecordtelevisionprogrammesandplaythemlater.Thelaserbeamwillmakepossible.SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.10points
48.这门课我们越学越喜欢
49.这家工厂只能供应我们所需要的百分之三十
50.他们一直谈到入睡
51.许多人以为电是燃料,但事实上并非如此
52.我国的社会主义现代化是一项我们必须努力完成的任务SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslationChooseoneofthefollowingthreepassagesandtranslateitintoChinese.40points1TheUnitedKingdomisamonarchical君主政体的State.ItisoneoftheindependentmembersoftheCommonwealththeQueenisrecognizedasheadoftheCommonwealthandamemberoftheEuropeanCommunity.TheoriginsandtraditionsoftheUnitedKingdomaretobefoundineachofthefourpartsthatmakeupthecountry:EnglandWalesScotlandandNorthernIreland.EnglandwasunitedasakingdomathousandyearsagoandWalesbecamepartofthekingdomduringthemiddleages.Thethrones王位ofEnglandandScotlandwereunitedin1603andin1707legislationpassedinthetwocountriesprovidedfortheestablishmentofasingleParliamentofGreatBritainwithsupremeauthoritybothinEnglandandWalesandinScotland.IrelandhadhadlinkswiththekingdomofEnglandsincethethirteenthcenturyandin1800thecreationoftheUnitedKingdomwascompletedbyaunionjoiningtheIrishParliamenttothatofGreatBritain.In1922SouthernIrelandnowtheIrishRepublicbecameaself-governingcountry.ThesixcountiesofNorthernIrelandhadin1920beengiventheirownsubordinateParliamentandvotedtoremainwithintheUnitedKingdom.TheUnitedKingdomParliamentatWestminsterinLondon—withanelectedchambercomprisingmembersfromEnglishScottishWelshandNorthernIrelandconstituencies选举区—thereforerepresentspeoplesharingveryvariedbackgroundsandtraditions.Ithasultimateauthorityforgovernmentandlaw-makingbutadministrativearrangementshavedevelopedinsuchawayastotakeaccountoftheparticularneedsofdifferentareas.EnglandandWalesontheonehandandScotlandontheotherhavedifferentsystemsoflawdifferentcourtsystemsdifferenteducationsystemsdifferentsystemsoflocalgovernmentandformostdomesticmattersdifferentgovernmentdepartments.2Asmorepeopleliveclosertogetherandastheyusemachinestoproduceleisuretheyfindthattheirleisureandeventheirworkinghoursbecomespoiltbyaby-productoftheirmachines—namelynoise.Noiseisnowadaysinthenews;ithasacquiredpoliticalstatusandpublicopinionisdemandingmoreandmoreinsistentlythatsomethingmustbedoneaboutit.Tocontrolnoiseistodemandmuchself-disciplineannoyancearisesoftenfromlackofcommoncourtesyasenseofproportionthereisusuallyaconflictofinterestifanoiseistobestoppedtheexpenditureofmoneyanditisfarmoreeconomicaltodothisearlyratherthatlateandfinallytechnicalknowledge.Technicaldifficultiesoftenarisefromthesubjective-objectivenatureoftheproblem.Youcandefinetheexcessivespeedofamotor-carintermsofapointerreadingonaspeedometer.ButcanyoudefineexcessivenoiseinthesamewayYoufindthatwithanyexistingsimple“noise-meter”vehicleswhicharejudgedtobeequallynoisymayshowconsiderabledifferenceonthemeter.Thoughtheidealcurefornoiseistostopitatitssourcethismayinmanycasesbeimpossible.Thenextremedyistoabsorbitonitswaytotheear.Domesticnoisesmayperhapsbecontrolledbyforethoughtandcourtesyandindustrialnoisesbygoodplanningandtechnicalimprovement.Butifwearegoingtoallowfastmotor-cyclesandheavydiesellorriestopasscontinuouslytroughresidentialandbusinessdistrictsthecommunitymustdecideonthecontrolitneedstoexerciseforinthelongrunithasgottopayforit.Andifanationistotakepartinmodernairtransportitmustenterintointernationalagreementsonthenoisecontrolmeasuresitwillimposeatitsairports—andherethecostofanyrealcontrolistobemeasuredinmillionsofdollars.3About350yearsagoGalileomadeatelescopeandlookedthroughitatthesun.WhathesawbothsurprisedandfrightenedhimforhesawdarkspotsonthesunwhichatoncesuggestedtohimthatGodhadnotmadetheworldquiteasperfectashehadpreviouslybelieved.Hehesitatedtomakehisdiscoveryknown.Meanwhileotherscientistsnoticedthesamelackofsolarperfectionandproclaimed宣布thefact.ButGalileocontinuedhisobservationsandwassoonrewardedwithanotherdiscovery.Fixinghisattentiononasinglesunspot太阳黑子grouphenoticedthatinafewdaysithadmovedinpositionjustasifthesunitselfwereturning.Afterwardshefoundasunspotgroupwhichlivedlongenoughtodisappearfromviewonthewesternlimb边缘ofthesuntore-appearonitseasternlimbandfinallytoregainitsoldposition.Thisledhimtoconcludethatthesunitselfwasrotatingandthatthetimeittooktomakeonecompleteturnwasabouttwenty-fivetotwenty-sevendays.ActuallyweknowfromthedrawingswhichGalileomadeofsunspotsthattheremusthavebeenquitealotofthematthetimeofhisobservationsintheyears1611and
1612.Ifhehadgoneonmakinghisdrawingsintheyearsthatimmediatelyfollowedweknowthathewouldalmostcertainlyhavenoticedthatsunspotswerebecomingfewerandsmaller.Buthebecameinterestedinotherthingsandsohefailedtorecognizethatthereisakindoflong-termcycleinsunspotactivitythesunspotsincreasinganddecreasingastheyearsgoon.LaterthisdiscoveryofthesunspotactivitywasmadebyoneofthemostpatientobserversinthehistoryofscienceaGermanchemistCharlesSchwabe.1981年考研英语真题答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary14points
1.[C]
2.[D]
3.[B]
4.[B]
5.[E]
6.[D]
7.[C]
8.[E]
9.[B]
10.[D]
11.[B]
12.[E]
13.[E]
14.[A]SectionII:Error-detection8points
15.[C]
16.[B]
17.[E]
18.[C]
19.[C]
20.[B]
21.[E]
22.[B]SectionIII:SentenceMaking4points
23.ShehasbeentravellinginEuropesincelastmonth.
24.Franklythedecisionshouldnotbeconsideredasfinal.
25.Hestoodtheretalkingtothestrangerawhileago./Standingtherehetalkedtothestrangerawhileago.
26.IcannevergetusedtoeatingthiskindoffoodSectionIV:VerbForms14points
27.bereduced
28.leading
29.tobuy
30.Arrivinghadbeenworking
31.Exhausted
32.isbeingrepaired
33.hasbeenmadearestillconsidering
34.Havingmet
35.gowillhaveused
36.tohavebeendestroyed
37.willbegoingSectionV:ClozeTest10points
38.less
39.by
40.to
41.by
42.possible
43.because
44.recorded
45.that/which
46.back
47.thisSectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslation10points
48.ThemoreIstudythesubjectthemoreIlikeit.
49.Thefactorycanonlysupplythirtypercentofwhatweneed.
50.Theydidnotstoptalkinguntiltheyfellasleep.
51.Manypeoplethinkthatelectricityisafuel;butasamatteroffactitisnot.
52.Thesocialistmodernizationofourcountryisanimportanttaskthatwemuststrivetofulfill.SectionVIII:English-ChineseTranslation40points1联合王国是一个君主政体的国家它是英联邦内独立的国家之一(女王被承认是英联邦的首脑),也是欧洲共同体的成员国联合王国的起源和传统可从组成它的四个部分——英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰——的各个部分找到英格兰在一千年前统一为一个王国,威尔士则于中世纪时成为这王国的一个组成部分一六〇三年,英格兰与苏格兰的王位合而为一;一七〇七年两国通过立法,规定设立一个单一的、在英格兰和威尔士以及在苏格兰均享有最高权力的大不列颠国会爱尔兰与英格兰王国自十三世纪起已有联系;一八〇〇年由于爱尔兰国会并入大不列颠国会,联合王国的创建便告完成一九二二年,南爱尔兰(现在的爱尔兰共和国)成为一个自主的国家北爱尔兰的六个郡已于一九二〇年被授权成立自己的、在联合王国国会之下的议会,并投票表决留在联合王国内在伦敦威斯敏斯特的联合王国国会——它有一个选举出来的、由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰各地选区所产生的议员组成的议院——因此代表具有十分不同的背景和传统的人民它具有最高的政府权力和立法权,但在行政管理方面已作出了安排以照顾不同地区的特殊需要英格兰和威尔士以及苏格兰两者各有不同的法律制度,不同的法院系统,不同的教育制度,不同的地方政府制度,并且设有不同的政府部门来处理大部分的内部事务2随着更多的人住得更近,随着他们使用各种机器而获得闲暇,他们发现他们的空暇,甚至他们的工作时间都受到他们机器的一个副产品——即噪音——的严重影响现在新闻报导中经常谈论噪音;它已取得了政治地位,公众舆论也越来越坚持要求采取一定措施来对付噪音要控制噪音就得要求很大程度的自我约束(使人烦恼的事常常是由于缺乏普通的礼貌引起的),一种均衡感(如果要制止噪音,通常会引起利害冲突),化钱(早化钱比晚化钱经济得多),最后还有技术知识技术往往是由于问题的主客观性质引起的你可以根据速度计上指针所指的读数来确定一辆汽车的超速可是,你能用同样的方法来确定超量的噪音吗?你会发现,被认为噪音相同的车辆,在任何现有的简单“噪音计”上显示的读数可能大不相同虽然消除噪音的最理想方法是产生的根源处消灭它,但在很多情况下,这也许是不可能的其次的补救办法是将混音在它到达耳朵的过程中吸收掉家里的噪音或许可能通过事先的考虑与谦让加以控制,工业噪音则可能通过良好的规划与技术的改进加以控制但是,如果我们允许高速摩托车与重型内燃机卡车经常不断地通过住宅区与商业区,那么这些地区的全体居民就必须决定他们需要实行的控制措施,因为从长远的观点来看,他们必须为些付出代价如果一个国家要有现代化的空中运输,它必须参加国际噪音控制措施协定,这些措施它必须责成它的机场予以执行——而在这个问题上,任何真正控制措施的费用要以百万美元来计算3大约在三百五十年前,伽利略制造了台望远镜,并用它来观察太阳他所看到的景象使他感到既吃惊又害怕,因为他看到太阳上有一些黑点,这使他立刻联想到上帝创造的世界并不象他以前所相信的那么完美他犹豫不决,不敢把他的发现公布于世与此同时,其他的科学家也注意到太阳的这个缺陷,并宣布了这个事实但是,伽利略继续进行观测,不久,他的努力获得了另一发现他把注意力集中在一群太阳黑子上,他发现,在几天内,这群黑子的位置起了变化,宛如太阳本身在转动后来,他发现有一群黑子在太阳西部的边缘上停留了一段时间才消失,然后在太阳的东部边缘上最后回复原位此种现象导致他得出这样的结论太阳本身在旋转,旋转一周约需二十五到二十七天直,我们从伽利略所画的太阳黑子图中知道,在一六一一和一六一二年他观察太阳期间,一定曾出现过大量的太阳黑子如果在随后的几年中,他继续把这些太阳黑子描画下来,我们相信,他大概一定会发现太阳黑子正在变得愈来愈少和愈来愈小可是,那时候,他却对其他事物发生的兴趣,因此,他看不到在太阳黑子的活动中存在着一种长期的周期,随着岁月的消逝,太阳黑子会时多时少后来,发现太阳黑子活动周期的是人是科学史上最有耐心的观察者之一——德国化学家查尔斯·许伟勃1980年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofPrepositions在所给的介词中选择一个适当的填入空白(本大题共5分,每题分)(注意各题只能填写一个答案,多填答案不得分)toatinsteadoffromofwithonamongbetweenbecauseofaboutforintowithregardtoover
1.Thefindingsarefar________satisfactory.
2.Weshalldividethework________usresearchworkers.
3.Therainyseasoninthatcountryvaries________3-4months.
4.Theyhaveneverheard________suchaninvention.
5.Wemustpayattention________thelatestdevelopmentofthesituation.
6.Thenewly-installedcontrolcomputerwillsoonbeput________use.
7.ThenewswhichIamgoingtotellyou________isratherserious.
8.Theengineerseemedtoknowwhatthesignstood________.
9.Themachinetoolwentoutofcontrol________mishandling.
10.Don’tbesatisfied________whatyouhaveachieved.SectionIIVerbTenses用所给动词的适当时态语态填入空白(本大题共10分,第7题2分,其余各题均1分)(注意各题只能填写一个答案,多填答案不得分)
11.Thosewho’dliketovisittheexhibition________signyournameshere.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
12.Agreatnumberofsmallpowerstations________setupintheircountysinceliberation.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
13.Heaskedmewhethermybrother________flytoBeijing.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
14.Hefellasleepimmediatelylastnight;hemust________beverytired.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
15.“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat”“Notyet.Therooms________paint.”(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
16.Thedirectorrecommendedthatshe________studymoreEnglishbeforegoingabroad.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
17.Theteachertoldthemsincelight________travelfasterthansoundlightning________appeartogobeforethunder.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
18.Howlong________they________digtheditch(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
19.Herefusedtotelluswhetherhe________undertakethejob.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)SectionIIIVerbForms用所给动词的适当形式(不定式、分词、动名词)填入空白(本大题共15分,每题分)(注意各题只能填写一个答案,多填答案不得分)
20.Matteristhename________givetoeverythingwhichhasweightandoccupiesspace.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
21.Ishallneverforget________meetthelatePremierZhouduringhisinspectionofourfactory.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
22.Iwonderifhecouldgetit________dobeforetomorrow.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
23.Night________fallwehurriedhome.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
24.Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundcornersunless________maketodosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
25.Wewerebusy________getthingsreadyforthetrialproductionwhenhephonedus.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
26.Somemoleculesarelargeenough________seeundertheelectronicmicroscope.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
27.Thefloordoesnotlooksobadwhen________sweepclean.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
28.________failseveraltimestheyneedsomeencouragement.(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)
29.________catchintherainhewaswettotheskin.SectionIVStructureandVocabulary选择填空(本大题共15分,每题1分)在每题下面的[A][B][C][D]四个答案中,将你认为最合适的答案画个“〇”(注意各题只能填写一个答案,多填答案不得分)EXAMPLE:He________methathedecidedtoleaveonMonday.[A]spoke[B]said[C]talked[D]toldANSWER:[D]
30.Thistest________anumberofmultiplechoicequestions.[A]composesof[B]composesin[C]consistsof(C)[D]consistsin
31.Shewritesas________ashersister.[A]clear[B]moreclear[C]clearly(C)[D]mostclearly
32.Ipreferthisdiagram________thatone.[A]than[B]morethan[C]ratherthan(C)[D]to
33.IhavebeenstudyinghereforfouryearsbynextsummerI________.[A]shallgraduate[B]shallbegraduated[C]shallbegraduating(C)[D]shallhavegraduated
34.Hardlyhadhefinishedhisspeech________theaudiencestartedcheering.[A]and[B]when[C]than(C)[D]as
35.Iwishyou________likethat.[A]don’ttalk[B]won’ttalk[C]wouldn’ttalk(C)[D]nottotalk
36.Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdata________cometoasoundconclusion.[A]canyou[B]wouldyou[C]youwill(C)[D]youcan
37.Ifound________toanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.[A]nopossibility[B]therewasimpossibility[C]impossible(C)[D]itimpossible
38.You________gonow.It’sgettinglate.[A]hadrather[B]wouldrather[C]hadbetter(C)[D]wouldbetter
39.Hotmetal________asitgrowscooler.[A]contracts[B]reduces[C]condenses(C)[D]compresses
40.Wooddoesnotconductelectricity;________.[A]sodoesn’trubber[B]alsodoesn’trubber[C]nordoesrubber(C)[D]norrubberdoes
41.ComradeLi________beinBeijingbecauseIsawhimintownonlyafewminutesago.[A]mustn’t[B]can’t[C]maynot(C)[D]isn’tableto
42.Iknowitisn’timportantbutIcan’thelp________aboutit.[A]buttothink[B]thinking[C]think(C)[D]tothink
43.Themorewelookedatthepicture________.[A]thelesswelikedit[B]welikeitless[C]betterwelikedit(C)[D]itlookedbetter
44.Tosucceedinascientificresearchproject________.[A]oneneedstobepersistent[B]persistenceisneeded[C]oneneedsbeapersistentperson(C)[D]persistenceiswhatoneneeds(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)(weredefeated/hadbeendefeated)SectionVError-detection认辩错误(本大题共5分,每题1分)下面句子中有[A][B][C][D]四处划线部分,在你认为是错误的一处画上“○”(注意各题只能填写一个答案,多填答案不得分)EXAMPLE:Itisverykindyoutosupplyme.ANSWER:[D]
45.Neverbeforepeopleourcountrybeenathleticsports.([C]approveof)
46.ofusinthatchemicalplantshouldhavelungsX-rayed.([C]approveof)
47.thetrafficaccidentheinbedfortwoweekshiswound.([C]approveof)
48.Wehimsmokingandalotof.([C]approveof)
49.Thereasonforthegreatofsmokeisthattheretoofactoriesinthecity.([C]approveof)SectionVIChinese-EnglishTranslation将下列句子译成英语(本大题共20分,第1题2分,其余各题均3分)
50.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉
51.在八十年代,中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进
52.我们都同意李同志已作出的决定
53.这个结果比我们预期的要好得多
54.在过去的三年中,在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作
55.我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具
56.没有党的领导,我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的SectionVIIEnglish-ChineseTranslation将下列短文译成汉语(本大题30分)(文科各类专业译第1段,理、工、医、农、体各类专业译第2段)1ThelifeofAlbertEinsteinisamodelinmanywaysforbothnaturalandpoliticalscientists.Firstofallhealwaysemployedthescientificmethodofseekingtruthfromfacts.Hefirmlybelievedasheputitthat“thereisnothingincomprehensibleabouttheuniverse”andthroughpainstakingworkexplainedmanyofthephenomenathoughttobe“incomprehensible”inhisday.Einsteinwasalsoneverafraidtoadmitmistakeswhenfactsprovedhistheorieswrong.SecondEinstein’scontributionsshowedthegreatimportanceoftheoreticalworktoscientificeffort.Althoughhehimselfrarelyworkedinlaboratoriestheconceptshedevelopedledtomanyofthescientificadvanceswhichhaveshapedmoderntechnology.ThirdEinsteinbelievedverydeeplythatscientistsmusthaveamoralandsocialconsciousness.InthiswayheprovidedinspirationforawholegenerationofscientistswhobecameactiveintheCommunistmovement.Einsteinisoftenportrayedinbourgeoiswritingsasa“genius”whosetheoriesaresocomplicatedthatnoonebutafewbestscientistscanunderstandthem.Buthehimselfrejectedtheeffortstoputhiminapositionfaraboveotherpeople.Hewaswellknownforhishumblemannerandoftenstressedtointerviewersthathisaccomplishmentswouldcertainlyhavebeenachievedbyothershadheneverlived.ActuallyEinstein’stheoryofrelativityandhisotherscientificworksarenotthathardtounderstandwithalittlestudy.ButbeyondlearningEinstein’stheorieshisoverallattitudetowardsscienceasatooltoliberatehumanityissomethingfromwhicheveryonecanandshouldlearn.2Betweennowandtheendofthecenturytherewillbemanyexcitingdevelopmentsandalsomanydifficultproblemstodealwith.Perhapsthemosturgentproblemistoprovideenoughfood.Theworld’spopulationisexpectedtoreach7000millionbytheyear2000butalreadyscientistshaveproducednewandbettervarietiesofwheatandriceandanimal.Theyhavealsobeenexperimentingwithtechniquesofcultivatingplantsbyusingmixturesofchemicalcompoundsandwateronlyandthentherewillbenoneedforordinarysoil.Anotherproblemwhichtheworldwillfaceistogetridofrefuse废料.Onesolutionistoburnrefuseatveryhightemperaturesinincinerators焚化炉.Adevelopmentofthiswhichmayproveveryusefulinthefutureistousetheseincineratorstogeneratesteampower.Infactanynewsourceofenergywillbeverywelcomeasthereisalreadyashortageofpetroleum.Tosolvetheenergyproblemscientistswillprobablyalsotrytomakemoreuseofsolarenergy.Thepossibleeffectsofsomescientificfieldssuchaslasersandcryogenics低温学aredifficulttoimagineandbothalreadyhaveanumberofuses.Thesupercoolingeffectsofthecryogenicswhichconvertliquidhelium液态氦andothergasesinto“superfluids”andmetalsinto“superconductors”makingthemnon-resistanttoelectricitycouldchangetheworldinanumberofways.Thelaserwithitsbeamofstronglightcandrillaholeinadiamondandyetcanbesowellcontrolledthatitcanbeusedindelicateeyeoperations.Thequestioniswhetheritwillbemostusedforpeacefulpurposesorasadeadlyweapon.Butperhapsthemostremarkabledevelopmentswilloccurinspaceflight.Oneofthedifficultiesinthepasthasbeenthehighcostbutnowthespaceshuttleisbeingdevelopedandcanbeusedalargenumberoftimesinsteadofonlyonce.Alreadymanhasbeentothemoon.Perhapsbytheendofthecenturyhewillhavehadaclose-upviewofVenus金星orMars火星.1980年考研英语真题答案SectionI:UseofPrepositions5points
1.from
2.among
3.between
4.of
5.to
6.tointo
7.about
8.for
9.becauseof
10.withSectionII:VerbTenses10points
11.sign
12.havebeensetup
13.hadflown
14.havebeen
15.arebeingpainted
16.study
17.travelsappears
18.have…beendigging
19.wouldundertakeSectionIII:VerbForms15points
20.given
21.meeting
22.done
23.falling
24.made
25.getting
26.tobeseen
27.swept
28.Havingfailed
29.CaughtHavingbeencaughtBeingcaughtSectionIV:StructureandVocabulary15points
30.[C]
31.[C]
32.[D]
33.[D]
34.[B]
35.[C]
36.[A]
37.[D]
38.[C]
39.[A]
40.[C]
41.[B]
42.[B]
43.[C]
44.[A]SectionV:Error-detection5points
45.[A]
46.[D]
47.[B]
48.[A]
49.[B]SectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslation20points
50.Pleaseturnofftheswitchswitchoffassoonasthewaterboils.
51.TheChinesepeoplewillforgeaheadmarchonmarchonwardmarchforwardwithgreaterstridesin1980’s.
52.WeallagreetothedecisioncomradeLihasmademade.
53.Theresultismuchfarbetterthanweexpected.
54.Duringthepastthreeyearsalotofworkhasbeendoneintherecoveryrestorationofournationaleconomyinrecoveringournationaleconomy;inrestoringournationaleconomy.
55.WeuseEnglishasatoolinlearningWesternadvancedscienceandtechnology.
56.ItisimpossibletoaccomplishcarryoutfulfillmaterializethesocialistmodernizationofourcountryoursocialistmodernizationwithouttheleadershipoftheParty.SectionVII:English-ChineseTranslation30points1阿伯特·爱因斯坦的一生在许多方面,无论是对自然科学家,还是政治科学家,都是一个范例首先,他总是运用从事实中寻求真理的地正如他所说的,他坚信“关于宇宙没有东西是不可知的,”并经过艰苦的劳动,了许多在他那个时代被认为是“不可知”的种种现象而且,当事实证明他的理论是错误的时候,爱因斯坦也从不害怕承认错误其次,爱因斯坦的贡献说明理论工作对科学成就的巨大的重要性虽然他自己很少在实验室工作,他所发展的各种概念使科学取得了许多进展,从而形成了现代技术第三,爱因斯坦深信科学家必须具有道德和社会意识这样,他鼓舞了整个一代的科学家,使他们积极参加共产主义运动爱因斯坦在资产阶级的笔下被描绘为一个“天才”,他的理论是如此地难于理解,以致只有少数最杰出的科学家才能懂得但是,他本人不同意别人把他高置于他人之上的那些做法他的谦逊态度是众所周知的,他常常对来访者强调说,如果没有他的话,别人也肯定能够取得他那样的成就事实上,爱因斯坦的相对论以及他的其他科学论著稍加研究是不难懂得的但是除了学习爱因斯坦的理论外,他对于利用科学作为一种工具来解放人类的总的态度是每个人能够学习的,而且也是应该学习的2从现在到本世纪末,将有许多令人兴奋的发展,同样也有许多困难的问题,需要加以处理也许最为迫切的问题是提供足够的粮食到2000年世界人口预期将达到70亿,但是科学家们已经培育出各种小麦、稻谷和牲畜的优良品种他们还在实验只用化合物和水的混合剂来培植作物的技术,到那里就可不需一般的土壤了世界将面对着的另一问题是处理废物有一个解决办法就是在焚化炉中用高温的废物烧掉这种方法的一个新发展,可能在将来证明极为有用,即是以这些焚火炉来产生蒸汽动力事实是,任何新的能源都将是非常受欢迎的,因为石油已感不足要解决能源问题,科学家们也许会高潮更多地利用太阳能诸如激光学和低温学,某些科学领域的可能作用是难以想象的,它们两者已经有若干用途低温学的过冷作用将液态氦及某些气体变成“超流体”,将某些金属变成“超导体”,使它们没有电阻,从而可以在好些方面改变世界面貌激光,以它强烈的光束,可在金刚石上钻孔,也可以很好地加以控制来进行难做的眼科手术问题是它将被大量用于和平的目的呢,还是用途致使的武器但最惊人的发展也许将出现在宇宙飞行方面过去的困难之一在于代价太高但现在航天飞机正在发展,这种航天飞机可以使用多次而不是仅仅一次而已人类已经到过月球也许到本世纪末人类对金星或火星等将有一个精细的观察无需积分,无需回复,只要你带宽足够大,你资料就足够多!大家网考研论坛http://club.topsage.com/forum-28-
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2.3视频下载写作2010年考研英语新东方写作冲刺班王江涛MP3下载2010年考研英语写作新东方冲刺班讲义王江涛下载2010年考研英语新东方写作冲刺班王江涛第二次更新2010年考研英语新东方冲刺写作班王江涛第一次更新2010年考研英语新东方考前高分必读班视频下载2010年考研英语新东方冲刺翻译视频1-8下载2010年考验英语新东方冲刺班王江涛写作28号最后一次课视频下载2010年新东方考研英语冲刺班新题型网络课堂李玉枝MP3下载2010年考研英语新东方写作金典班视频下载2010年考研英语新东方新题型冲刺视频附讲义下载2010年考研英语最新推荐新东方冲刺写作高级词汇2010年考研英语写作新思维初级课讲义2010年新东方考研英语冲刺班阅读网络课堂范猛MP3完整版2010年考研英语新东方老师写作热点话题预测及示例2010年考研英语新东方高分点睛写作mp3下载2010年考研英语新东方高分点睛翻译mp3下载2010年考研英语新东方写作点睛视频加讲义下载2010年考研英语新东方翻译点睛视频附讲义下载2010年考研英语新东方名师最终推荐小作文2010年考研英语新东方最终推荐大作文考研英语长沙新东方老师的写作盘点2010年考验英语新东方冲刺班填空式模板必过班讲义李玉枝2010年新东方考研全真考场指导视频下载2010年考研英语新东方冲刺班翻译唐静mp3下载2010年考研英语新东方冲刺班翻译唐静视频补充下载2010年考研英语新东方写作金典班图表作文模板、利弊分析型模板音频下载2010年考研英语济南新东方考研写作押题班讲义新东方刘一男新4000词汇速记宝典MP3下载200M文都名师徐绽指导2010考研英语冲刺复习在线视频观看2010年考研英语文都冲刺班视频21-23视频更新下载2010年考研英语文都冲刺班视频1-20完整下载链接已修复2010年考研英语徐绽最后作文预测mp3下载2010年考研英语徐绽全国模考视频下载2010年考研英语文都全国模考mp3下载2010年考研英语作文文都预测班辅导讲义word版下载2010年考研英语文都徐绽作文预测班辅导讲义pdf下载2010年考研英语文都冲刺班MP31-23下载2010年考研英语恩波真题练习册pdf下载2010考研英语写作高分突破班讲义北京太奇2010年考研英语太奇高分写作突破班音频加讲义下载2010年考研英语太奇冲刺班串讲音频下载2010北京太奇考研英语最后模考朱泰祺2010年考研英语人信宫东风作文点睛音频2010年考研英语宫东风模考班与作文预测班2010年考研英语宫东风预测作文图片下载宫到自然成考研英语作文预测word文档下载2010年考研英语宫东风冲刺班点睛音频阅读+完型+新题型下载星火考研英语考前预测大作文十篇2010考研英语冲刺热点作文50篇张剑PDF下载一辅导书籍词汇新东方英语词汇超级记忆法新东方考研词汇辨析文档下载新东方考研英语词汇词根联想记忆法新东方内部资料一常考词语的固定搭配90-07考研词汇频率统计2010淘金高阶考研英语词霸Google考典726页全献给考研童鞋的大礼考研英语大纲词汇+词组+字根+例句+翻译2010宫东风教授考研英语词汇复习指南完整电子版下载2010年新东方刘一男考研词汇更新22-262010考研英语曾鸣张剑霍岩核心词汇说文解词完整版下载(409页)2010考研英语高频词汇课堂讲解MP3下载2010年迦思佑考研6000词逻辑辨证记忆完整电子版下载2010年考研英语词汇用法详解“新双博士”考点、记忆法、用法2010考研英语高频词汇课堂讲解MP3需要的请进新东方名师《2010考研英语分频词汇速记多媒体课堂》电子版下载2010考研英语大纲词汇考点、用法及解析mp3大家网独家下载2010年星火考研英语词汇词根+联想+图解记忆法2010考研必看--强烈推荐)100句话涵盖所有考研词汇总汇新东方大愚英语丛书考研英语核心词汇50天突破mp3下载新东方考研英语培训教材2010年考研英语词组必备大家网独家下载2010年考研英语词汇星火式巧记速记mp3大家网下载2010年考研英语词汇星火式巧记速记电子版下载2010年考研英语词汇速记宝典三部分全2010年星火考研考研英语词汇核心突破配套音频2010星火考研研英语词汇核心突破电子书下下载2010星火考研研英语词汇核心突破电子书上下载阅读2010年考研英语启航长难句全套视频光盘ISO格式下载2010考研英语朱泰祺全程辅导全书完整版下载考研梦工厂2010考研英语信息快报第5-6期—阅读方法与技巧专题上下册2010考研英语梦工厂五层递进学习法—阅读真题精读背诵笔记完整版下载2010考研英语洞穿考研盘内容王若平下载徐老师送给2010考研同学的礼物新概念第三册课文精读详解50篇徐绽考研英语阅读理解精读100篇(经济类)一张表搞定语法考研翻译冲刺必背单词唐静考研作文热点词汇2010王若平阅读手记2010星火考研英语五大题源报刊阅读150篇超精细完整版下载2010考研英语历年真题来源报刊阅读100篇--钟平2010年考研英语阅读命题思路透析及真题揭秘电子版下载2010宫东风阅读基础过关配套辅导书籍下载新东方考研英语培训教材2010考研英语分类阅读高分进阶120篇大家网独家2010年星火考研英语巅峰阅读100篇配套软件下载2010考试虫王若平阅读基础长难句过关(完整超清晰电子书)2010年硕士研究生英语入学考试阅读基本功难句过关王若平2010年新东方考研英语培训教材阅读真题语言注释与难句突破电子版下载写作迦思佑2010年考研英语写作定量分析与定性预测PDF版星火考研英语高分作文黄金模板网上下载音频英语作文中必备的100例替换精髓词汇考研作文宝典打印版2010考研英语万能作文MP31992-2009年下载1995-2009年考研作文范文录音及文本下载2010年考研英语写作20天突破(考研英语命题研究组编)2010宫东风王军写作核心词汇配套辅导书籍下载2010年考研英语高分写作(框架、思维、语言三大层面突破)大家网首发2010年考研英语高分作文黄金模板[星火英语]2010《写作160篇》——网上增值服务资料免费下载2010星火英语考研英语易考范文背诵80篇光盘免费下载2010版《写作160篇》——连续四年命中写作原题真题[原创]大家版词典级23套历年考研英语真题及答案1986-2008年[08年12月6日更新]2010历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路-曾鸣、张剑、刘京霄历年考研英语真题解析及复习思路张剑2006-2005年电子版下载2010年考研英语必备王长喜超精细完整电子版下载2010考研英语真题考点与常见错误透析超精细完整电子版下载1994-2008年考研英语阅读真题mp3含字幕下载2009-2007年考研英语真题解析及复习思路--考研英语黄皮书(曾鸣,张剑)2010《考研真相》【MP3】+24年真题+10年真题彻底细解★☆★2010年考研英语十年真题点石成金完型、语法及翻译战神宝典第六部考研英语综合语法纲要新东方考研英语培训教材拆分与组合翻译法下载2010年考研英语主观题40分攻略翻译与写作2010考研英语完型填空与填空式阅读电子版下载2010年新航道胡敏考研英语语法突破2010年考研英语新教程人大出版社张锦芯2010年新东方考研英语培训教材三步搞定翻译及难句张满胜一张表搞定语法大纲2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(一)考试大纲完整版下载2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(二)考试大纲完整版下载2009年考研计算机学科专业基础综合考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研教育学专业基础综合考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研历史学基础考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研农学类联考考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研日语考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研数学考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研西医综合考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研心理学科专业基础综合考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研英语考试大纲超精细完整版下载2009年考研中医综合考试大纲超精细完整版下载2010年考研日语大纲超精细完整版下载2010年考研教育学大纲超精细完整版下载2010年考研计算机大纲超精细完整版下载二辅导班视频+音频+讲义音频星火考研英语高分作文黄金模板网上下载音频2010硕士研究生英语2010硕士研究生英语考试大纲音频下载2010年考研英语宫东风词汇复习指南朗读版mp3附字幕2010文都考研英语写作班下载2010考研教育网英语强化班作文mp3下载2010年考研教育网考研英语阅读五型音频下载2010夏倚荣考研英语历年真题解析1992-2009音频下载2010考研英语北京基础班精华录音下载2010考研英语写作核心词汇班录音下载2010年考研英语王国清语法班录音下载2010考研英语阅读基础班-宫东风2010年考研英语长难句精讲班2010考研英语精品词汇班面授录音2010启航英语基础班-阅读王若平2010领航英语导学课MP3录音-王轶群主讲淘金高阶英语词汇巧记MP3下载视频辅导班视频都是陆续更新的,一个课程资料会陆续发成了好几个贴,大家稍微找一下,我会持续更新,有不全的,可以发新帖(不要跟帖)告诉我O∩_∩O~,我会尽量补全新东方考研英语全程班视频+mp3+讲义冲刺班完型2010年考研英语新东方冲刺班完型李玉枝
1.1-
1.5视频下载阅读2010年考研英语阅读新东方冲刺辅导班视频1-
3.1下载2010年考研英语新东方冲刺阅读第二次更新
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3.12010年考研英语新东方阅读冲刺班
1.1-
2.3视频下载写作2010年考研英语新东方写作冲刺班王江涛MP3下载2010年考研英语写作新东方冲刺班讲义王江涛下载2010年考研英语新东方写作冲刺班王江涛第二次更新2010年考研英语新东方冲刺写作班王江涛第一次更新强化班翻译2010新东方强化班翻译第三次更新2010考研英语新东方强化班翻译第二次更新2010新东方考研英语强化班翻译唐静第一次更新2010年考研英语强化翻译讲义(全)--唐静写作2010年新东方考研英语强化班写作视频
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4.32010年新东方考研英语强化班写作视频加讲义2010考研英语新东方强化班写作MP3下载新题型2010新东方VIP强化班考研英语新题型讲义(周雷+李玉枝)2010考研英语新东方强化班新题型讲义2010考研英语新东方强化班新题型mp3下载2010考研英语新东方新题型强化班视频下载完型2010年考研英语完型填空新东方强化班李玉枝视频下载2010年考研英语完型填空新东方强化班李玉枝视频下载2010考研英语新东方强化班完型填空mp3下载阅读2010考研英语新东方强化班阅读MP3下载2010考研英语新东方强化阅读班讲义全2010新东方考研英语强化班阅读更新8-312010新东方考研英语强化班阅读更新4-72010新东方考研英语阅读强化班第一部分1-3及6基础班词汇2010考研英语词汇基础班新东方俞敏洪2010考研英语词汇基础班同步讲义新东方俞敏洪2010新东方刘一男词汇5500精讲32-392010新东方刘一男词汇5500精讲27-312010年新东方刘一男考研词汇更新22-262010考研英语刘一男词汇班视频1-21讲附讲义和视频播放器更新18-212010考研英语刘一男词汇班视频1-17讲新东方刘畅词汇6000视频下载2008年新东方考研英语基础班词汇5500刘一男视频全下载2010年新东方考研英语基础班精品词汇视频下载(全)完型2010新东方考研英语完型讲解视频完下载写作2010年新东方考研英语写作班视频王江涛(全)下载语法建坤考研英语语法十天速成超详细笔记2010XDF考研语法10天速成电子讲义考研英语语法10天速成视频下载(印建坤)2010年新东方印建坤十天速成语法班视频下载(全)翻译2010年新东方考研英语基础班精品翻译视频—唐静(全)下载阅读2010新东方英语基础班精品阅读视频下载(完)完型2010新东方考研完型视频文都2010文都考研英语强化提高班阅读视频下载2010文都考研英语强化班写作班视频1-8下载2010考研英语文都徐绽强化翻译视频下载1-42010文都考研英语基础班词汇背诵视频下载2010年文都考研英语写作基础班视频下载2010年文都考研英语基础班翻译视频下载2010年文都考研英语基础班综合视频下载2010年文都考研英语基础班翻译更新8-182010年文都考研英语基础班综合视频下载2010文都考研英语基础班视频-写作5-62010文都考研英语基础班视频-阅读徐绽1-152010考研英语春季词汇背诵班徐绽2010考研英语基础班徐绽春季阅读视频下载
(05)2010年文都考研英语基础班综合视频下载宫东风宫东风21篇阅读模板中的固定表达法2010宫东风21篇模板讲解文本word下载2010宫东风21篇模板讲解MP3下载2010海天考研英语冲刺班录音宫东风主讲mp3下载2010年海天考研英语精品课视频2010考研英语写作班讲义吴红云下载2010考研英语宫东风人信写作百题视频下载2010考研英语宫东风强化班写作吴红云视频下载2010考研英语宫东风阅读强化班视频下载有更新
9.42010年考研名师基班政治班录音下载2010年考研英语全程班宫东风疑难句分析课官方视频下载2010考研英语全程班宫东风阅读基础班官方视频全下载2010考研英语王军写作词汇班视频下载2010宫东风考研英语导学班视频下载2010考研英语王国清语法班讲义下载太奇2010年太奇考研英语强化班5视频下载2010年太奇考研英语强化班4视频下载2010年太奇考研英语强化班3视频下载2010年太奇考研英语强化班2视频下载2010年太奇考研英语强化班1视频下载2010考研英语夏徛荣强化网上补充课堂视频下载夏徛荣考研英语1800核心词汇音频夏徛荣考研英语作文一本通mp3下载2010年考研英语冲刺班串讲吴耀武下载讲义及笔记建坤考研英语语法十天速成超详细笔记2010XDF考研语法10天速成电子讲义2010年恩波胡小平长难句讲义徐绽考研阅读理解葵花宝典-课堂笔记清华大学考研辅导强化班英语阅读理解讲义2010年考研基础班词汇讲义(墨东博)2010吴耀武词汇班讲义2010考研英语丁晓钟春季词汇班讲义2010年考研英语徐绽网络词汇课堂班笔记2010新东方英语基础班讲义(词汇,阅读,完型,写作,语法)下载2010考研英语语法班讲义(王国清)2010考研英语培训班常考词汇词根前缀与后缀电子版下载徐绽考研英语翻译课讲义2009新东方考研英语翻译冲刺班录音+讲义2009新东方范猛阅读冲刺班录音。