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英语阅读答题技巧做题顺序【这是读文章的重点,也是难点,一定多多练习】1.扫描题干,确定题型,划出关键信息词2.扫描文章,划出以下内容【阅读文章的主要目的抓框架,抓考点】1首段、各段首句、末段末句2与提干信息词相关内容3因果关系becausethustherefore等4转折关系buthoweveryet5强调信息1绝对词汇2比较级最高级3强调句4强信息词6并列/列举扫过标记7举例扫过,知目的8指示性的具体信息1时间对比2专有名词3数字3.再次阅读题目,联系文章,解决简单题目4.对于难以确定的题目,再次回原文反复的看相关的信息点略读一篇文章的主题信息通常会出现在以下几处文章各段的首句和尾句这些处于较明显、较特殊位置的句子往往是段落和文章的主题句,具有相当大的重要性;强转折处通常以buthoweverratheryetinstead等词为标志,这些词汇后面的句子是主题性信息;因果关系处通常以thereforeasaresultthussoThatiswhy…等词语或句式为标志,这些词汇或句式后面的句子是主题性信息;递进处通常以moreoverfurthermorewhat’smorewhat’sthemostimportantmostimportantofallmostimportantly等词汇或短语为标志,这些词汇或短语后面出现的信息是被强调的信息,即主题信息出现的地方;例证处通常以forexampleforinstanceLet’stake…Consider…等词汇、短语或句式为标志,这些词汇、短语或句式表示举例,也是支持性的细节信息,位于例子前后的句子一般都是例子要说明的主题;并列处通常以firstlysecondly…finallysome…others…foronething…foranotherontheonehand…ontheotherhand等组合为标志,这些组合都是支持性的细节信息,位于这些组合前后的句子一般都是这些细节信息所要支持的主题跳读可以作为略读的辅助跳读旨在掌握文章的全貌和要点,但又不必将文章中所有的词句全部都读进眼帘,句子中期补充说明、修饰限定作用的,在跳读过程中就可以略去不读因此,跳读主要是为了抓住句子的主干部分,忽略次要部分,这种阅读方法并不影响读者对于文章主题信息的把握当主题信息处是长难句时,这种方式尤为有效跳读可以分为以下三种形式根据特殊的标点符号提示,采用跳读法文章中的标点符号都有其一定的含义如两个逗号之间是插入成分或同位语;括号内表示举例或补充说明;冒号通常用来列举事物、附加解释说明性内容;破折号通常放在解释性分句或句子前,或是用来列举前面总括的若干内容,或是放在解释性的插入语之前或之后等阅读时,可以将两个逗号之间的部分、括号内的部分、冒号后的部分、破折号后的部分和两个破折号之间的部分省略不读;根据句法结构,采用跳读法主要是在遇到长难句时,抓住句子的主干部分,即主语部分、谓语部分和宾语部分,而其它补充成分,即定语从句、状语从句和补语部分可以略去不读;根据文章结构和组织形式及段落间逻辑关系、主题句等,采用跳读法阅读时,重点关注主题句、表明作者观点的词句,对于举例论证、引用论证、数据论证、正反论证、比喻论证等部分则一带而过,跳过不读出题顺序
①题目顺序基本与行文顺序一致 解题技巧:一般情况下,快速阅读的题目顺序与原文的行文顺序是保持一致的,也就是说,下一道题的出处一般位于前一道题出处后面总体的试题顺序与文章的行文顺序一致的把握题目顺序与行文顺序一致的基本规律,将节省我们的寻读时间
②数字、年代 解题技巧1数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯叔祖的形式出现,在周围都是英文字母的背景中就显得比较突出因此,如果考题中含有数字,往往可以用来快速定位题目的出处 解题技巧2数字和年代在文章中通常以阿拉伯数字的形式出现,但题干中可能对数字的形式有一定改动,如在数字的精确性和模糊性上变化这时需要主义从逻辑关系上正确理解数字之间的包含与被包含关系
③第一次出现的人名、地名等专有名词 解题技巧专有名词以大写字母开头,在文章中显得比较突出,容易寻找但是如果通篇都是讲与这个专有名词有关的事情时,这个专有名词有可能在全文中多次出现,而题目中也多次出现,这时就不建议用它来定位题目出处,而应该使用其他的定位词题型与信息词
1.主旨题询问主旨『无需信息词;放于最后答题』
2.词汇题询问词汇、短语或句子含义『询问内容为信息词』
3.细节题询问文中具体细节『信息词不确定』
4.态度题询问作者或他人对某物的态度『一般无信息词』
5.推断题对段落或全文进行推理『信息词不确定』●快速阅读原文作路标(划关键词),明确题型找题区(与题干有关的句子或段落),大部分题目的题干都在原文题区的基础上进行了变通,使用了不同的表达方式词性转化、同义、近义替代、反义叙述、状语提示、概括总结、例子证明观点等解答细节理解题,定位能力很重要;最基本方法是定位+改写=正确答案,就近原则,核心名词,缩小范围,同义替换!照抄原文的不是解,同义替换的是解●原文、问题、选项三者相比较,重要性最高的是问题!!!其次是选项!!最后是原文!必要性思维——正确选项未必能充分完整地表达原文意思,而只要沾边即可反之,不沾边的必错!问题中的细节和小词是关键!注意小词,比如题干主语是people就在文章中找wethey;题干中有usedto就要找含过去式的was,而不是is,即使就近含关键字;题干中有now就到文章中找today,题干中有toylions就找shopping而不是parks或forests,定位+改写=正确答案!●概括的、抽象的、与中心思想核心名词沾边的是正确选项在遇到两个意思很相近的选项时特别是假设A选项正确,还能推出B选项也正确的时候,究竟选哪个?要选B项!!因为B项的范围包括了A,即B大于A,所以B正确●someMuchsamecertainstilldifferent被动measuresshouldbetaken系表结构Itisindanger!Therebe句型将来时3Gmobilephoneiscoming首末句原则,即首段和末段原则(不要怕重复和回读)首段的作用
①中心段
②抛砖引玉.定位+改写=正确答案!●定位+改写=正确答案!务必要用排除法排除法在此类题型中发挥着不可磨灭的作用根据在文章中找到的事实依据和常识排除错误信息,再排除和文章中一词不差的信息文章里的原句不会是推理判断出来的结果,但通过同义词或句型转换过的选项有可能是正确答案,最后再排除无关或偏离信息,正确答案就不言而喻了解的十个特征
1、体现中心思想(包括段落中心)的是解;
2、照抄原文的不是解,同义替换的是解;
3、含义不肯定的是解,如cancouldmayusuallymightmostmoreorlessbelikelyto;含义绝对的不是解mustalwaysneverthemostallanynone含义相反的是解;
4、具体的不是解,概括性的、抽象的是解;
5、带有some的是解someonesomebodysometimesomethingcertain;
6、简单的不是解,复杂的是解,字面意思不是解,含义深刻的是解;
7、带虚词的解anotherothermoreeitherbothalsobesideadditionalextradifferentsamenearlynotenough;
8、“变化”是解changedelayimproveincrease;
9、“重要的、基础的”是解importantnecessaryessentialbasisbebasedon;
10、二选一反义项有解;形似项有解;近义项有解阅读文章的两大原则知难而退、抓大放小原文对等的思想像【这个思想在做题时要时时体会,务必掌握】
1、错误选项不是让你不选的
2、正确选项不是让你选的
3、题干也不是随便出的
4、题目不是随便凑的主旨题1 读文章时重点关注文章的首段和首末句按照西方人习惯性的思维方式和写作习惯,他们惯用的是演绎法即文章一开始先扔出自己的核心观点,然后具体一步步论证根据我的统计,每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句话为本段的主题句的概率分别为50%、20%、20%,三句话成为主题句的概率超过九成,当然也就成为我们阅读的重中之重 2 关注一篇文章或者一段话中有没有重复出现的词或词组、有没有黑体字或者是斜体字如果有,通常这就是文章的核心概念 3 问句不会是主题句问句通常作为过渡或者是引子,因此应该忽略,真正的主题应该是这个问题的答案 4关注一些表征强转折关系的连词“but yet however in fact indeed practically virtually”等,这些词后面连接的通常都是一段话的主题句 5 关注一些表征总结性,结论性的词 “in brief/short above/in/after/all in all conclusion to sum”等,这些词后面连接的通常也都是一段话的主题句 6 如果主题句含有show和suggest等词,重点看其后的宾语从句 7 掌握一些词组强调的重点 “not only… but also *** *** as well as … more *** than … less … than *** ***为强调的重点”A.根据文章第一段或首句确定文章的主旨新闻报道的第一段一般首先概括全文的中心,另外有些说明性或议论性文章也会开门见山地提出文章的中心或阐述的观点,文章的第一句话或第一段就是对全文主旨大意的概括后文对此进一步解释说明,一般上具体的事例或信息,全文具有先总后分的特点我们在捕捉文章的主题句时,应该对包含主题句的段落进行适当的分析例Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmenandanimalspossessiftheyareproperlyused.Iffiredidn’thurtwhenitburnedchildrenwouldplaywithituntiltheirhandswereburnedaway.Similarlyifpainexistedbutfeardidn’tachildcouldburnitselfagainandagainbecausefearwouldnotwarnittokeepawayfromthefirethathadburntitbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier----andsomedoexist----isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmenandanimalsmightsoondieout.…Q:Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe____.A.NopainsNoGainsB.PainandActionsC.TheValueofFearD.TheReasonWhyPeopleFear[分析]B.主题句在篇尾主题句位于段末的文章的特点是作者采用了先摆事实,后下结论的写作手法作者在表述细节后,归纳要点、结论、建议或结果,以概括主题我们在做题时,要判断所读内容是细节性的描述还是对所涉及问题的集中表达如果文章首先提及的内容多为一般性的事实、细节的描写或具体的事例,则对文章中心的归纳或作者观点及意图的体现极有可能在最后,可以重点细读最后一段,然后回过头来利用主题句进一步理解文章的细节例…Freetimeincreasedconsiderablyfollowingtheshorteningoftheworkingweeki.e.fromsixdaystofivedaysandfromtenhourstoeighthoursaday.Infacttheworkingdaycouldn’tbetoolongotherwisepeoplewouldn’thavethetimetospendtheirmoney.Theamountofafamily’sbudgetspentonoutsideentertainmentsuchaspartiesfilmsandconcertshasincreasedfromjustunder6%inFord’sdaytoabout9%today.Ontheotherhandwespendonlyaquarterofwhatourgreat-grandparentspaidforreadingmaterials.Itisdifficulttoseehowourspendingpatternsmaychangeinthefuture.Wealreadyknowthatourpopulationisagingandthiswillhaveaneffectontheamountofmoneywespendonmedicalcare.Q:WhatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetextA.ChangingpatternsinspendingB.ChangesinfamilyplanningC.DecreaseinfooddemandD.Increaseinfamilyincome[分析]C.主旨出现在文章的中间在有些议论文或说明文中作者首先列举或说明人们的错误观点或认识误区,然后再点明自己的观点或说明的中心,最后点题,这样文章的主题句就出现在篇中例Aclosefriendsiad:“IfIcouldonlyfigurethisoutIthinkIcouldfindhappiness.”IhaveheardthisbeforeandwillhearitagainIamsure.Manypeoplebelievethatfindinghappinessisallaboutfindingsomethingelsetheywant.Notmanyhaveeverfoundlongtermhappinessbyachievinganothergoal.Theanswertofindinghappinessistolookwithinyourself.Inotherwordshappinessisacompletelyinsidejob.Themostimportantpiecetofindinghappinessistocomprehendhappinessisachoiceandnottheresultofanexperience.Ifallhappinesscouldbefoundastheresultofanacquisition成就meetingagoalorhavinganythingthenaperson’shappinesswouldalwaysbesubjecttosomethingelse.Q:WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassageA.Lookwithintofindhappiness.B.HappinessachoiceortheresultofanexperienceC.ThedefinitionofhappinessD.Howcanwecreatehappiness[分析]细节题阅读理解题目中的重量级选手占的比重大,最少一篇文章考查3个,最多考查5个正确选项答题方法1同义改写——词汇转换,含义相同2同义转述——含义不同,本质相同答题方法干扰项1无中生有2偷梁换柱3自相矛盾4过于绝对第
一、二种是出题人常常采用的方法,尤其以第二种最难,对于干扰项,一定要掌握“像”这个特征,这是核心关键信息词定位同义、同形、混合定位绝对词出现的处理方式1文章中作为重点信息标记出2题干中作为关键信息词标出3选项中只有与文章一致方为正确选项4选项中一般作为干扰选项出现;假如与文章标记一致,才是正确选项绝对词mustalwaysneverthemostallnoeachonlyhavetoany任何completelytotallyhardlyeveryrarelyseldom不肯定语气词作标记cancouldmaymightshouldsomeusuallymightmostoftenmoreorlessrelativelybelikelytopossiblepossiblyperhapsmaybetosomedegreeseemA.从原文直接找到答案所需的信息在解答这类题时,我们可采用“对号入座”的方法先找到原文的关键信息,然后把原文中的信息跟后面的题目对照,即可得到答案例…Thenewstrategyinvolvesfuelcellswhicharedevicesthatusechemicalreactionstoproduceelectricalcurrents.ResearchersfromSt.LouisUniversityusedatypeofproteincalledenzymes酶.Inthecellsoflivingthingsincludingpeopleenzymesarewhatsparkchemicalreactions.Tokeepupwiththepacethatourbodiesdemandourcellsconstantlyproducenewenzymesastheoldonesbreakdown.Scientistshadtriedusingenzymesinfuelcellsbeforebuttheyhadtroublekeepingtheelectricityflowing.That’sbecauseunliketheenzymesinourcellstheenzymesinfuelcellsbreakdownfasterthantheycanbereplaced.TogetaroundthisproblemtheSt.Louisresearchersinventedmoleculesthatwraparoundanenzymeandprotectit.Insidethismolecularpocketanenzymecanlastformonthsinsteadofdays.Q:Researchershavemoleculeswraparoundanenzymeinorderto____.A.maketheenzymesinfuelcellsbreakdownslowerB.produceenoughenzymestobreakdownC.keepupwiththepacethatourbodiesdemandD.keeptheenzymesinfuelcellsfrombreakingdown[分析]B.对信息进行加工这类题目我们能够在文章中找到信息,但原文信息又不是做题所直接需要的,需要我们对原文信息进行合理的加工处理,据此作简单推理它是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型例Inthesummerof1941Iwas5yearsold.ItwasatimewhentheNicklesBakerysentsalesmeninred-and-whitetrucksdoor-to-doorinourtownofGreenvillePennsylvaniasellingbakedgoods.OnedayaNicklessalesmandrovehistruckloadedwithgoodiesintoourdriveway.Heopenedthereardoorstookouthisdisplayofbakedgoodsandwentintoourhometooffermymotherthespecialtiesoftheday.WhilehewasinsideIsneakedaroundtotherearofhistruckwithitsdoorswideopenandItookapackageofoatmeal燕麦cookieshurriedtotherearofthehouseandatetheentirepackageofcookies.SoonthetruckspedawayandInevergavewhatIhaddoneanotherthought…until27yearslaterduringthesummerof
1968.Q:Inthe27yearsafterheatetheoatmealcookiestheauthor____.A.feltsorryallthetimeB.triedtofindthesalesmanandpayhimC.neverthoughtaboutwhathehaddoneD.oftenrememberedthescene[分析]C.综合信息题这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话,还可能涉及文章的几句话,而且有时可能散落在文章的不同段落,因此要求我们把原文提供的信息综合起来分析,不能断章取义,张冠李戴例Ilocatedthebakeryandtoldthesuperintendent主管mystoryexpectinghimtounderstandmyplightandtallyupthecharges.I’dpayupandmyconsciencewouldbeputatease.Insteadhelaughedoutloudandsaid“Youmeantotellmethatyouwanttopayforsomethingthathappened27yearsagowhenyouwereonly5yearsold”Helaughedagainandsaid“Reverend牧师considerthedebtpaid.”Ifeltrelievedandmyconsciencewasright.Q:WhydidtheauthorfeelhisconsciencewasrightintheendA.Becausehepaidforthosecookiesplus27yearsofinterest.B.Becausehewasrespectedasaministerbythesuperintendent.C.Becausethesuperintendenttoldhimthedebthadbeenpaid.D.Becausehewaspardonedbythesuperintendent.[分析]:推断题提问中需含有词汇infer,imply,Learnfrom,Conclude,Suggest,seenfrom等 ★推断类型全文推断,局部推断 ★判断标准题目出现位置;位置重于表述 ★★什么是推断1来自于原文相关处;2与其含义一致【注意,一定是原文对等】 ★★全文推断 判断依据1最后一题; 2倒数第二题假如最后一题为主旨题或者作者对全文的态度题时 答题方法
1.对全文最后一段的推断定位三句最后一段最后一句或倒数第二句,最后一段主题句可能是第一句,最后一段强调句一般来讲,四选项中有涉及全文最后一段的相关内容,特别是全文最后一句或者倒数第二句时,此为答案
2.对全文中心观点的推断查找与中心观点一致的选项
3.对文中不同信息点的推断,逐个定位,进行推断推断题目中最难的题目,数量少 ★★局部推断分为两种1根据给定段落进行推断段落推断;2根据给定的某个信息进行推断信息点推断 答题方法定位信息点和作者观点 ★干扰项无根据推断无中生有,推断过头,推断错误自相矛盾 需要强调的是推断的本质一定是来自原文,且含义一致任何一个推断题,找不到定位处,或者感觉模模糊糊,就要考虑是不是一个错误选项A.写作意图题有些文章作者不点明自己的写作意图,而是让读者自己去体会,这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章中例ALBANYNewYork----Studentswhorelyonworkingatnighttoimprovetheirgradesmightwanttosleeponthatstrategy:anewsurveyintheU.S.saysthosewhoneverstudyallnighthaveslightlyhighergradesthanthosewhodo.Asurveyof120studentsatSt.LawrenceUniversityfoundthatstudentswhohaveneverpulledanall-nighteronaveragehavehighergradesthanthosewhohave.Thesurveyfoundthosewhodonotstudythroughthenighthaveagradepointaverageof
3.2comparedto
2.95forthosewhohave.Q:Thepurposeofthepassageistotellus____.A.thebadeffectsofpullinganall-nighterB.pullinganall-nighterleadstosleepproblemsC.doubtsaboutall-nightersD.all-nightershurtstudents’grades[分析]:B.态度倾向题作者的态度倾向往往隐含在文章中,而不会明确说明,因此态度倾向题也是比较有难度的推理判断题型这类题目一般分为两类一是作者对某一具体事物的观点、看法;另一类是作者对某一人、物的评价议论文或记叙文往往考查作者的态度倾向如果是论文,应该抓住作者的论点和论据;如果是记叙文,应该特别注意作者总结性的文字例TheNBAnowhasaseriousimageproblem;morethananyothersportit’spulledintwooppositedirections.Asit’sbeenforyearswhitesmakeupamajorityofthefans;blacksmakeupamajorityoftheplayers.Andasthoseplayershavebenefitedfromever-upward-spiraling不断上升的paychecksthey’veexercisedtheirinfluencetoshapethesightofthegamearoundthemintheirownimage.…TheNBAhasthepotentialtobeabridgebetweenculturesawaytobringbothsidestogetherincheeringsomeofthebestathletesofanycolor.Butit’safragilebridgeindeedwhereeveryblackorwhiteelementapparentlyforcesoutitsethnic种族的opposite.Andit’snothardtoimagineatimewhennobodywillbeinterestedincrossingover.Q:Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheNBAculturecouldbedescribedas____.A.supportiveB.doubtfulC.criticalD.neutral[分析]:C.细节推断题细节推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节,运用基础知识进行分析、推敲,从而复出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法此类题要求我们根据语篇关系,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、具体信息等解答此类题要从文章提供的信息出发,抓住关键的信息词,运用逻辑思维、哲学原理,并借助一定的常识,进行分析、推理、判断进行细节推断,必须吃透相关文段的意思例Inmanycountriesthestandardoflivingenjoyedbytheirpeoplehadincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.Sadlynoteveryoneinthesecountriesissofortunateandmanypeopleinrichcountriesarehomeless.Thereasonsforhomelessnessarevariousbutpovertyisundoubtedlyoneofthemaincauses.Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Oftenthefactthatunemployedpeoplegethelpfromthegovernmentpreventsthisfromhappeningbutnotalways.…Somecynics愤世嫉俗的人declarethathomelesspeoplechoosetolivethelifewhichtheylead.ButwhowouldwillinglychoosetoliveinashopdoorwayunderabridgeorinacardboardboxQ:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat____.A.youwillnotfindhomelesspeopleincountrieswithahighstandardofliving.B.thementalillliveonthestreetbecausetheywantthecompanyofotherhomelesspeopleC.TheunemployedwhoreceivehelpmaystillbeamongthehomelessD.thehomelessarewillingtoliveunderabridgeorinacardboadbox[分析]:D.逻辑结论题逻辑结论型试题的特点是考查我们的逻辑思维及判断能力,要求我们根据文章提供的细节,推断出合乎逻辑的内容解答此类题我们首先要找出短文的主题,然后按题意要求进行推断例…Chapmanfeelsithisdutytohelptheruralareasthatgetleftbehind.Askhimaboutthesatisfactionofsettingupthecommunitywirelessnetworkandhe’llmentiontwowomenwhoareattendingonlineuniversities----orgrandparentseasilye-mailingtheirgrandchildrenfaraway.“Whenthemembersofthecommunitycontributetheireffortlikethistheyfeelasenseofownership”Chapmansays“Wemayoperatethenetworkbutit’sownedbythecitizensofthecommunity.It’sforthepublicgood.”Q:Fromthelasttwoparagraphsweknowthat____.A.WestVirginiaBroadhandonlydoesgoodtooldcitizensB.WestVirginiaBroadhandisoperatedbythecommunityC.ChapmanisamanofsocialresponsibilitiesD.Chapmanisn’tverymuchsatisfiedwithhiswork[分析]:E.预测想象题预测想象型试题考查的内容一般在文意中没有明确说明,因此我们要根据语篇,把握作者的写作思路,对事件可能出现的结局后文可能涉及的内容以及上文的内容进行科学的、合理的预测例…Completingacollegeapplicationcantakesometime.Butansweringallthequestionsisnotenough.Anotherimportantstepistakingadmissionstests.TheSATisthecollegeentrytestthatAmericanhighschoolstudentsmostcommonlytake.AnotheroneistheACT.CollegesanduniversitiesmayalsorequireinternationalstudentstotaketheTOEFLtheTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage.IfyouhaveageneralquestionforourForeignStudentsSerieswritetoQ:Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext/A.SATB.ACTC.FSSD.TOEFL[分析]: 释义题解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节具体策略
1.通过辨认细节的技巧
2.借助常识
3.务必要用排除法
4.词句段篇,相互交融
5.词的深刻内涵答题核心答题关键一表面含义选项常为干扰项答题关键二采用三句定位法上一句,所在句,和下一句;同时关注暗示词三句定位的关键是要判断所考察短语与三句中某部分的关系题型分析考纲内词汇考察词汇在特定上下文中选取特定含义的能力考纲外词汇考察根据上下文推断生词含义的能力陌生短语考察根据上下文理解推断短语在特定上下文中含义的能力句子考察根据上下文推断句子含义的能力●同义关系同义关系指考察对象与上下文中的某部分含义一致此时,可直接将上下文中含义一致的部分作为考察对象的含义答题即可例如,假如文章中提到“…AandB…”考察对象为A,而B短语已知,A的含义就是B短语的含义关键词inotherwordandalsothatisxxx名词+定语从句;xxx名词+be+名词或者从句;xxx名词+同位语;xxx名词+becalled/mean…●反义关系反义关系指考察对象与上下文中某部分的含义相反此时,可直接将上下文中含义的相反部分作为考察对象的含义答题即可关键词butnotyethoweveralthoughthoughwhile●表面含义一般来说,释义题的干扰项常常是词、短语或句子的表面含义实际上,释义题考查的更像是根据上下文猜测词、短语、句子的能力,而不是对考查内容的解能力有趣的是,考查内容的字面意义到成了出题人编写错误选项的一个出发点A.根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义这种情况下,生词往往出现在前面,定义或解释跟在生词的后面,由or或破折号引出因此只要找准并正确理解生词的释义,生词的含义也就清楚了释义部分可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子在做这类题时,要注意生词与复述部分往往构成同位语,在句中多用逗号、破折号、冒号、分号等来连接例…Inanothersurvey79%ofteensagreedthatpeopleattheiragearen’tcarefulenoughwhengivingoutinformationaboutthemselvesonline.Besidescarelessbloggingcanalsoaffectblogviewers.Whenyouareangryorfrustratedyourblogisthefirstplaceyouturnto.Thewordsyoupostthenmaynotberationalwhichyoumayregretlater.Tominimizethenegativeeffectchangethepermissionsettingandmakesuchposts“private”sothatonlyyoucanreadthem.Aslongasyouarecarefulwithwhatyoupostbloggingisagreatmeansofstayingintouchwithfriendsanddisplayingone’screativeworks.Q:Theunderlinedword“rational”probablymeans____.A.strangeB.perfectC.helpfulD.reasonable[分析]:B.根据因果关系猜测词义因果关系总是同时出现在文章中,有时原因在前,结果在后;有时结果在前,原因在后,因此我们可以根据这一特定的逻辑关系来推测生词的含义例…Technologygreatlyinfluencesourstandpointonhowfastwethinkeverythingneedstobedone.Ifyouputadollarinthesodamachineyouexpectthebottletomoveforwardandfalldowntothebottom.Youcan’tcounthowmanytimesyou’vesmackedthemachineifitwenttooslowforyourexpectations.Youwantedinstantresultsimmediatefulfillment.…Q:Theunderlinedword“smacked”intheparagraphprobablymeans____.A.clappedB.hitC.kickedD.pushed[分析]:C.根据搭配、对比关系猜测词义有时分析句子结构,辨别句子成分,分清搭配关系,是判断词义的前提,通过搭配关系得以确定划线名词指代的对象是人还是物另外,转折词but、让步条件状语从句以及unlikeinspiteofdespitehowever等一些介词和副词都可以构成意义上的对比关系例FinearttreasuresfrommanycountriesarekeptinanartmuseumcalledtheLouvreinParisFrance.TheworksofarthavebeencollectedbythepeopleofFranceovermanycenturies.TheLouvrehasnotalwaysbeenamuseum.Thefirstbuildingwasafort.In1190itwastheking’scastlewithhighwallsandaroundtower.Ithadamoattokeepouthisenemies.Overtheyearsthenumberofbuildingsaroundthecastlegrew.By1350thecastlewasnolongerneededasafort.TheLouvrebecameapalacehomeforFrenchkingsandqueens.Q:Theunderlinedword“moat”probablymeans____.A.ahightowerbuiltinformertimeswheresoldierswatchedoutforenemiesB.alonganddeepditchdugroundacastleandwasusuallyfilledwithwaterC.acartpulledbyhorsesonwhichsoldiersfoughtD.alongandhighwallaroundcastle[分析]:阅读理解实战练习辅导阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑AParentsoftenbelievethattheyhaveagoodrelationshipwiththeirteenagers(青少年).ButlastsummerJoannaandHenrynoticedachangeintheirolderson:suddenlyheseemedtobetalkingfarmoretohisfriendsthantohisparents.“Thedoortohisroomisalwaysshut.”Joannanoted.TinaandMarknoticedsimilarchangesintheir14-year-olddaughter.“Sheusedtocuddleup(蜷伏)withmeonthesofaandtalk”saidMark.“Nowwejokethatshedoesthisonlywhenshewantssomething.Sometimesshewantstobetreatedlikealittlegirlandsometimeslikeayounglady.Theproblemisfiguringoutwhichtimeiswhich.”Beforeage11childrenliketotelltheirparentswhat’sontheirminds.“Infactparentsarefirstonthelist.”saidMichaelRitaauthorofUncommonSenseforParentswithTeenagers.“Thiscompletelychangesduringtheteenyears.”Ritaexplained.“Theytalktotheirfriendsfirstthenmaybetheirteachersandtheirparentslast.”Parentswhoknowwhat’sgoingonintheirteenagers’livesareinthebestpositiontohelpthem.Tobreakdownthewallofsilenceparentsshouldcreatechancestounderstandwhattheirchildrenwanttosayandtrytofindwaystotalkandwritetothem.Andtheymustgivetheirchildrenamentalbreakforchildrenalsoneedfreedomthoughyoung.Anotherthingparentsshouldrememberisthattobeafriendnotamanagerwiththeirchildrenisabetterwaytoknowthem.
36.“Thedoortohisroomisalwaysshut”suggeststhattheson .A.isalwaysbusywithhisstudies B.doesn’twanttobedisturbedC.keepshimselfawayfromhisparents D.beginstodislikehisparents
37.WhattroublesTinaandMarkmostisthat .A.theirdaughterisn’taslovelyasbeforeB.theycan’treadtheirdaughter’smindexactlyC.theydon’tknowwhattosaytotheirdaughterD.theirdaughtertalkswiththemonlywhensheneedshelp
38.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“thewallofsilence”inthelastparagraphA.Teenagerstalkalotwiththeirfriends.B.Teenagersdonotwanttounderstandtheirparents.C.Teenagersdonottalkmuchwiththeirparents.D.Teenagerstalklittleabouttheirownlives.
39.WhatcanbelearnedfromthepassageA.Parentsareunhappywiththeirgrowingchildren.B.Parentshavesuitablewaystotalkwiththeirteenagers.C.Parentsshouldbepatientwiththeirsilentteenagers.D.Parentsshouldtrytounderstandtheirteenagers.BTheprivateautomobile(私家车)haslongplayedanimportantroleintheUnitedStates.InfactithasbecomeanecessaryandimportantpartoftheAmericanwayoflife.In1986sixty-ninepercentofAmericanfamiliesownedatleastonecarandthirty-eightpercenthadmorethanone.Bygivingworkersrapidtransportationtheautomobilehasfreedthemfromhavingtoliveneartheirplaceofwork.Thishasencouragedthegrowthofthecitiesbutithasalsoledtotrafficproblems.Forfarmfamiliestheautomobileisveryhelpful.Ithasmadeitpossibleforthemtotraveltotownveryoftenforbusinessandforpleasureandalsototransporttheirchildrentodistantschools.FamilylifehasbeenaffectedinvariouswaysThecarhelpstokeepfamiliestogetherwhenitisusedforpicnicsoutingsandothersharedexperiences.Howeverwhenteenagechildrenhavetheuseofthecartheirparentscantkeepaneyeonthem.Thereisagreatdangerifthedriverhasbeendrinkingalcoholortakingdrugsorshowingoffbyspeedingorbreakingdowntrafficlaws.Mothersofvictims(受害者)ofsuchaccidentshaveformedanorganizationcalledMADD(MothersAgainstDrunkDriving).Thesewomenwanttopreventfurthertragedies(悲剧).Theyhaveworkedtoencouragethegovernmenttolimittheyoungestdrinkingage.StudentshaveformedasimilarorganizationSADD(StudentsAgainstDrunkDriving)andarespreadingthesamemessageamongtheirfriends.FormanyAmericanstheautomobileisanecessity.Butforsomeitisalsoamarkofsocialpositionandforyoungpeopleasignofbecominganadult.AltogethercarsmeanverymuchtoAmericans.
40.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetextA.Carshaveencouragedthegrowthofthecities.B.Carscanbringfamiliestogetherwhentheygoforpicnics.C.Carshaveenabledpeopletolivefarfromtheirplaceofwork.D.Carshelpcityfamiliestotransporttheirchildrentofarawayschools.
41.WhathasbeendonetodealwiththeproblemofdrunkdrivingA.Patentshavepaidmoreattentiontotheirchildren.B.Someorganizationshavebeensetupagainstdrunkdriving.C.Mothershavetriedtopersuadetheirchildrennottodrinkalcohol.D.Universitystudentshaveaskedthegovernmenttosolvetheproblem.
42.Wecaninferfromthetextthat____________inAmerica.A.itwillbemoredifficultforpeopletogetnewcarsB.parentswillnotallowtheirchildrentohavetheirowncarsC.thegovernmentwillencouragepeopletousepublictransportationD.carswillstillbepopularthoughtheyhavecausedmanyproblemsCSincemanyofyouareplanningtostudyatacollegeoruniversityinthiscountryyoumaybecurioustoknowwhatyouusuallydoinatypicalweekhowyoucangetalongwithyourfellowstudentsandsoon.ThesearethequestionsIwanttodiscusswithyoutoday.Firstlet’stalkaboutwhatyourweeklyschedulewilllooklike.Nomatterwhatyourmajormaybeyoucanexpecttospendbetweenfourandsixhoursaweekforeachclassattendinglectures.Lecturesareusuallyinverylargeroomsbecausesomecoursessuchasintroductiontosociologyoreconomicsoftenhaveasmanyastwoorthreehundredstudentsespeciallyatlargeuniversities.Inlecturesit’sveryimportantforyoutotakenotesonwhattheprofessorsaysbecausetheinformationinalectureisoftendifferentfromtheinformationinyourtextbooks.Alsoyoucanexpecttohaveexamquestionsbasedonthelectures.Soitisn’tenoughtojustreadyourtextbooks;youhavetoattendlecturesaswell.Inatypicalweekyouwillalsohaveacoupleofhoursofdiscussionforeveryclassyoutake.Thediscussionsectionisasmallgroupmeetingusuallywithfewerthanthirtystudentswhereyoucanaskquestionsaboutthelecturesthereadingandthehomework.Inlargeuniversitiesgraduatestudentscalledteachingassistantsusuallydirectdiscussionsections.Ifyourmajorischemistryorphysicsoranotherscienceyou’llalsohavetospendseveralhoursaweekinthelaborlaboratorydoingexperiments.Thismeansthatsciencemajorsspendmoretimeintheclassroomthannonsciencemajorsdo.Ontheotherhandpeoplewhomajorinsubjectslikeliteratureorhistoryusuallyhavetoreadandwritemorethansciencemajorsdo.
43.Themainpurposeofthistextis .A.tohelpthestudentstolearnaboutuniversitylifeB.topersuadethestudentstoattendlecturesC.toencouragethestudentstotakepartindiscussionsD.toadvisethestudentstochoosepropermajors
44.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatuniversityprofessors .A.spendabout5hoursonlectureseachweekB.mustjointhestudentsinthediscussionsectionsC.prefertousetextbooksintheirlecturesD.requirethestudentstoreadbeyondthetextbooks
45.AdiscussionsectiondoesNOTinclude .A.workingundertheguidanceofuniversityprofessorsB.talkingoverwhatthestudentshavereadaboutthecoursesC.discussingtheproblemsrelatedtothestudents’homeworkD.raisingquestionsaboutwhataprofessorhassaidinalecture
46.Accordingtotheauthorsciencemajors .A.havetoworkharderthannonsciencemajorsB.spendlesstimeontheirstudiesthannonsciencemajorsC.considerexperimentsmoreimportantthandiscussionsD.readandwritelessthannonsciencemajorsDHewasthebabywithnoname.FoundandtakenfromthenorthAtlantic6daysafterthesinkingoftheTitanicin1912histinybodysomovedthesalvage(救援)workersthattheycalledhim“ourbaby.”IntheirhomeportofHalifaxNovaScotiapeoplecollectedmoneyforaheadstoneinfrontofthebabysgrave(墓)carvedwiththewords:“Tothememoryofanunknownchild.”Hehasrestedthereeversince.Buthistoryhasawayofuncoveringitssecrets.OnNov.5thisyearthreemembersofafamilyfromFinlandarrivedatHalifaxandlaidfreshflowersatthegrave.“Thisisourbaby”saysMagdaSchleifer68abanker.Shegrewuphearingstoriesaboutagreat-auntnamedMariaPanula42whohadsailedontheTitanicforAmericatobereunitedwithherhusband.AccordingtotheinformationMrs.SchleiferhadgatheredPanulagaveupherseatonalifeboattosearchforherfivechildren--includinga13-month-oldboynamedEinofromwhomshehadbecomeseparatedduringthefinalminutesofthecrossing.WethoughttheywerealllostintheseasaysSchleifer.NowusingteethandbonepiecestakenfromthebabysgravescientistshavecomparedtheDNAfromtheUnknownChildwiththosecollectedfrommembersoffivefamilieswholostrelativesontheTitanicandneverrecoveredthebodies.Theresultofthetestpointsonlytoonepossibleperson:youngEino.Nowthefamilysees:noneedforanewgrave.HebelongstothepeopleofHalifaxsaysSchleifer.Theyvetakencareofhimfor90years.AdaptedfromPeopleNovember
25200247.ThebabytravelledontheTitanicwithhis___________.A.mother B.parents C.aunt D.relatives
48.WhatisprobablytheboyslastnameA.Schleiferi B.Eino. C.Magda. D.Panula.
49.SomemembersofthefamilywenttoHalifaxandputflowersatthechildsgraveonNov.5__ .A.1912 B.1954 C.2002 D.
200450.Thistextismainlyabouthow______________.A.theunknownbabysbodywastakenfromthenorthAtlanticB.theunknownbabywasburiedinHalifaxNovaScotiaC.peoplefoundoutwhotheunknownbabywasD.peopletookcareoftheunknownbabyfor90yearsEWhenwethinkofleadershipweoftenthinkofstrengthandpower.ButwhatarethesereallyandhowdotheyoperateLeadershiptodayisnotaboutforcingotherstodothings.Evenifthisispossibleitisshort-termandtendstoproduceunexpectedandunwantedresult.Ifyouordersomeonetodosomethingagainsttheirwilltheymaydoitbecausetheyfeeltheyhavetobuttheangertheyfeelwilldomoreharminthelong-term.Theywillalsoexperiencefear.Fearcausesthethinkingbraintoshutdownmakingthepersonunabletofunctionathisorherbest.Iftheyconnectyouwiththisemotionoffeartheywillbecomelessfunctionalaroundyouandyouwillhavesucceededinnotonlyshootingyourselfinthefootbutpossiblymakingaverygoodemployeeorpartnerunabletoperformeffectively.Feardoesnogoodtoleadership.Thewayweinfluencepeopleinalastingwayisbyourowncharacterandourunderstandinganduseofemotion.Wecanordersomeonetodosomethingwhichmaybepartoftheworkday;orwecanemploythemattheemotionallevelsotheybecomefullydevotedtotheprojectsandprovidesomeoftheirownmotivation动机.Today’sworkplaceisallaboutrelationships.Anyoneworksharderinapositiveenvironmentinwhichthey’rerecognizedandvaluedasahumanbeingaswellasaworker.Everyoneproducesjustabitmoreforsomeonetheylike.Leadersunderstandthewaythingswork.Theyknowthepaycheckisnotthesinglemostimportantfactorintheworklifeofmostpeople.Thetruestrengthofleadershipisaninnerstrengththatcomesfromtheconfidenceofemotionalintelligence—knowingyourownemotionsandhowtohandlethemandthoseofothers.Developingyouremotionalintelligenceisthesinglebestthingyoucandoifyouwanttodevelopyourrelationshipwithpeoplearoundyouwhichisthekeytotheleadershipskills.
51.Thewriterthinksthatitisnot________forustoconnectleadershipwithstrengthandpower.A.possibleB.necessaryC.easyD.effective
52.OnemayNOTbeworkinghardwhen________.A.they’reregardedashumanbeingsB.othersliketodomoreforleadersC.moneyistakenasthemostimportantD.leadersunderstandthewaythingswork
53.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat______isthekeytomakingagoodleader.A.developingone’semotionalintelligenceB.influencingothersinone’sownwayC.producingsomeunexpectedresultsD.havingconfidenceinone’sability
54.Thispassageismosthelpfultothosewho________.A.havestrengthandpowerB.aregoingtomakeaspeechC.wouldliketobeleadersD.aretobeexcellentemployeesFHoorah!IhaveescapedtheCzech捷克Republic!Iamnowwearinglightclothingandsunglassesalthoughthelatteraresuperfluoustodayasitiscoolandovercastwithcloudandithasrainedslightly.ThecityofQatar卡塔尔isflatandsandywithfewtrees—mostlypalms.YoucanseeconstructioneverywherenewstreetswithhotelsandapartmentblocksinVenicetheme.It’samixofsupermodernandtraditionalbuildingstyles.Everythinglooksnewincludingthevehicles.Therearemanyhugeroundabouts;notrafficrulesoratleastnooneobeysany.Thehuge4-storeyshoppingmallinfantasticstylehasanicerink溜冰场onthegroundfloor.Thousandsofpeoplewalkroundthewaterfrontafterdark.Qatarisareveryreligiousandtherearecallstoprayersregularly.Qatarimenaredressedinallsortsoftraditionalclothingpluswesterndresses.YoucaneasilyfindimportedlabourfromSouthAsiancountriespoorlypaidanddiscriminatedagainst.IamtoldthatQatarisdon’thidetheirracistattitudes.Womenarealwayswonderfulsights.Someareinallsortsofblackclothingwithfaceuncovered;sometotallyenveloped;lotswearingwesterndresses.Bestsightsofar:awomaninamallcompletelywrappedinblackincludingglovesnotevenaneyeshown—wearingglassesontheoutsideofherveil面纱usingacellphonewhilefingeringadress.Iamlivingwithmyemployers—aNewZealandcoupleandanotherteachernamedWayneallaboutmyage.Weshareoneapartment.Ihavealargeroomwithabathroomattached:itisalittlerun-downbutverycomfortable.TheonlyratherannoyingthingisthatIhavetousethelaptoponmybedasthereisnodeskandchairinhere.AssoonasitisclearthatIwillbestayingIwillmakeachangetoallthis.Ihaven’tlivedwithotherpeopleformanyyearsandhavebeenusedtolivingalonesoitwillbeinterestingtoseehowthisworks.
55.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A.TheNewLifewithMyEmployersB.GeneralObservationofQatarisC.MyAdventureintheCzechRepublicD.MyFirstImpressionsofQatar
56.Theunderlinedpartinparagraphonecanbeexplainedas________.A.itwillbeafinedaylaterB.lightclothingishelplesswithcoldC.sunglassesappearfantasticD.sunglassesbecomeunnecessary
57.Intheauthor’seyesQatarisa________.A.richwesternindustrializedcountryB.backwardagriculturalcountryC.modernsocietywithreligioustraditionD.nationclosedtotheoutsideworld
58.Itistruethattheauthoris________.A.pleasedwithherpresentlivingconditionB.missingherdaysintheCzechRepublicC.notcertainhowlongshewillbestayingD.worriedaboutherrelationwithherbossGSadnessisunpleasantandinasocietywherepersonalhappinessisprizedaboveallelsethereislittletoleranceforfallingindespair.Especiallynowwe’vegotdrugsforgettingridofsadfeelings—whetherit’safterlosingajobthebreak-upofarelationshiporthedeathofalovedone.Soit’snosurprisethatmoreandmorepeoplearetakingthem.ButisthisreallysuchagoodideaAgrowingnumberofvoicesfromtheworldofmentalhealthresearcharesayingitisn’t.Theyfearthattheincreasingtendencytotreatnormalsadnessasadiseaseisplayingfastandloose行为轻率.Sadnesstheyargueservesausefulpurpose—andifweloseitweloseout.Yetmanypsychiatrists精神病医生insistnot.Sadnesshasanastyhabitofturningintodepression抑郁theywarn.Evenwhenpeoplearesadforgoodreasontheyshouldtakedrugstomakethemselvesfeelbetter.SowhoisrightIssadnesssomethingwecannotlivewithoutorsomethinghorriblenevertotouchTherearelotsofideasaboutwhyfeelingsadshouldbecomepartofhumanlife.Itmaybeaself-protectionstrategyasotherprimates灵长类alsoshowsignsofsadness.Alosingmonkeythatdoesn’tshowsadnessafteritlosesafightmaybeseenascontinuingtochallengethewinningmonkey—andthatcouldresultindeath.Inhumanssadnesshasafurtherfunction:wemaydisplaysadnessasaformofcommunication.Byactingsadwetellothercommunitymembersthatweneedsupport.Thenthereistheideathatcreativityisconnectedtodarkmoods.Thereareplentyofgreatartistswritersandmusicianswhohavesufferedfromdepressionordisorder.Scientistsfoundthatpeoplewithsignsofdepressionperformedbetteratacreativetaskandnegativemoodsmakepeoplethinkdeeplyovertheunhappyexperiencewhichallowscreativeprocessestocometothefront.Thereisalsoevidencethattoomuchhappinesscanbebadforyourcareer.Adoctorfoundthatpeoplewhoscored8outof10onahappinesstestweremoresuccessfulinincomeandeducationthan9sor10s.Thehappiestpeoplelosetheirwillingnesstomakechangestotheirlivesthatmaybenefitthem.
59.Theunderlinedword“this”refersto________.A.takingmedicineB.fallingindespairC.losingajobD.feelingsad
60.Theauthorbelievessadnessis________.A.agoodthingforpeople’shealthB.somethinghorriblenevertotouchC.anecessaryfunctionofhumans’D.alwaystobetreatedasdepression
61.Someanimalsshowtheirsadnessinorderto________.A.cheattheirenemyB.protectthemselvesC.comforttheloserD.challengethewinner
62.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.peoplewithgreatcreativitytendtobehappierB.unhappyexperiencescontributetoagreatercareerC.toomuchhappinesscanbebadforyourcareerD.thehappiestpeoplearethemostsuccessfulonesHThefirstMP4playerwasbornyearsago.Soonmanymusicfanswerewonderinghowfantasticitis!IfyouhavebeenintotechnologyenoughperhapsyoumayhaveaknowledgeoftheMP
4.IfnotyoudoneedtoknowsomethingbeforebuyingoneevenifyouarefamiliarwithMP
3.MP3istheCD-likediscwithgreatercapacity.HowaboutMP4Thissmalldigitalproductwillreallyenrichthejoyfromlisteningtomusic.Youcanevenfeelthe“touch”ofmusictoyoursoul!Nowsomesimilardigitalproductsadvertisedas“MP4players”aresimplyMP3playerswhichdonotplayvideoandMPEGformat格式andalsolackotherparticularfunctions.Theseproductsconfusesomebuyersastheymaythinkthe“MP4”playerssimplymeantheycandomorethanMP
3.WhatisMP4!Itisamultimediacontainer.Itisnotonlyusedtostoredigitalaudio音频anddigitalvideostreamsespeciallythoseofMPEGbutcanalsobeusedtostoreotherdatasuchassubtitles字幕andpictures.AsamostmoderncontainerformatitallowsstreamingovertheInternet.WiththehelpofapieceofMP4videoequipmentyoucanchangevariousprogramssuchasMPEGtoMP4ASXtoMP4AVItoMP4andsoonwhichcanbedoneveryquicklyandeasilywithoutanyeffectonthesoundquality.Byinstalling安装DVD-MP4softwareyoucantransferparticularmusicfromaDVDtoanMP4videofile.Itreallyexcitesyourlisteningmusicexperience.ThenthereisMP4advancedandyoucansetyourowncollectionofalltheprograms—TVshowsgamesandmusic.Youcanevenseemovieswhicharestillrunningincinemas.Whatelsedigitalproductcouldyoupossiblyaskfor
63.Itissuggestedherethatyoushould________beforebuyinganMP4playerA.firstbeamusicfanB.haveaknowledgeofMP4C.getfamiliarwithMP3D.buyaCD-likedisc
64.FromthepassagewecanseethatMP4is________MP
3.A.muchbiggerthanB.justasadvancedasC.notsoparticularasD.morefunctionalthan
65.Fromthelastsentenceit’sclearthatthewritertriestotellusitis_______.A.reasonabletobuyotherdigitalproductsB.impossibletobuysomethingelseC.averywisechoicetobuyanMP4D.anexcitingexperiencetobuyanMP3。