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2010高考必备经典句型
1.assoonas…一…就…=directly/immediately/instantly…=thesecond/theminute/themoment/theinstant…Eg.Hecamearoundtoseemeassoonas/themoment/immediatelyhecheckedinthehotel.他刚一入住宾馆就来看我.Theyinformedusthenewsimmediately/directlytheygotit.他们一得到消息就通知了我们.Thepolicemancametothespotthemoment/theinstant/theminutesheheardoftheaccident.一听说事故这位警察就到了现场.
2.….before….
1.没来得及…就…Therooffellbeforehehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.他还没有来得及冲进房间把孩子就出来房顶就塌了.HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim.TomygreatdisappointmentmyfavoritesingerlefttheconcertbeforeIcouldhaveawordwithhim.
2.过了多久才怎么样动作进行到什么程度才怎样Theywalkedaboutthirtymilestothewestbeforetheysawavillage.Theyworkeddayandnightaboutthreedaysbeforeeverythingreturnedtonormal.ThreeyearspassedbeforeIknewit.
3.Itwas+时间段+before….过了多久才….;Itwasnotlongbefore…不久就…Itwillnotbe+时间段+before…要过多久不久…..才…..Eg.Itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.Itwasthreeyearsbeforehecameback.Itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromthisschool.
4.nosooner…than…=hardly…when…一…就….刚刚…就…Nosooner/hardly+过去完成时than/when+一般过去时如果nosoonerhardly位于句首主句要倒装.HehadhardlysatdowntohavearestwhenthedoorbellrangandincameAllan.Nosoonerhadhegotoffthetrainthanhisdaughterrantowardshim.Hardlyhadwearrivedwhenshestartedcryingtogohome.
5.once一旦….表示时间和条件Onceyouunderstandthisruleyouwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.Onceyouhavedecidedtodosomethingyoushoulddoitwell.Onceyouenterthechemistrylabyoushouldfollowtheteacher’sinstructions.
6.since…自从….以来Since引导的从句不论是延续性或非延续性动词都表示的是动作或状态的完成或结束.注意一下句子翻译:SincehelivedinNanjingIhavenotheardfromhim.=sinceheleftNanjing…自从他离开南京以来我没有收到过他的信.SinceshewasinYangzhoushehaskeptintouchwithherformerfriends.sincesheleftYangzhou…她离开扬州以来一直同过去的朋友保持着联系.对比:
1.Ihaveneverseenhimsincehewasill.他病好后我就再也没有见到他.
2.Ihaveneverseenhimsincehefellill.他生病以后我就再也没有见过他.Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since+过去式Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.=hisfatherdiedtwoyearsago.他的父亲去世两年了.Ithasbeen8yearssinceIgraduatedfromuniversity.=Igraduatedfromuniversity8yearsago.Itis3yearssincehesmoked.他三年不吸烟了.即从句动词延续性的译成否定意义;从句动词非延续性的译成肯定意义.Itis3yearssinceheleftschool.-----他毕业三年了.7….until…直到…时候;not…until…直到…才…Youaretostayhereuntil/tillyourmothercomesback.Themeetingwasputoffuntilteno’clock.NotuntilwewatchedtheEarthDayprogramonTVdidweknowmuchaboutglobalwarning.=WedidnotknowmuchaboutglobalwarninguntilwewatchedtheEarthDayprogram.=ItwasnotuntilwewatchedtheEarthDayprogramonTVthatweknewmuchaboutglobalwarming.Notuntilhefailedintheexamdidherealizethathehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergames.
8.…when…引导并列分句“当时突然”强调另一动作的突然发生.OnedayChuckwasonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashed.Chucksurvivedthecrashandlandedonadesertedisland.IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardadrowningboycryingforhelp.Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.对比:A:IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenIcaughtsightofatailor’sshop.B:Iwaswalkingalongthestreets.JustatthatmomentIcaughtsightofatailor’sshop.
9.while=although尽管WhileIadmitthattheproblemisdifficultIdon’tthinkthatitcan’tbesolved.WhileIadmithisgoodpointsIcanseehisshortcomings.WhileIwasangrywithherIdidn’tlosemytemper.
10.where地点状语Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.Persistentpeoplebegintheirsuccesswhereothersendinfailure.Wherethereisawillthereisaway.Wheremenaregreedythereisneverpeace.Gowhereyoushouldkeeponstudying.
11.as引导的行为方式状语从句.Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.YoumustdotheexercisesjustasIshowyouAsitis=asthingsare照现在的情形看Hepromisedtostudyhardbutasitishedoesnobetterthanbefore.Leavethehouseasitis.I’dliketobuyitasitis.
12.asifasthough好像HelookedatmeasifIweremad.Hewasingreattroublebutheactedif/thoughnothinghadhappened.Althoughtheyjustmetforthefirsttimetheytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears.Theremanyblackcloudsinthesky.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
13.thoughalthoughas“虽然”引导让步状语从句.Although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though=that它的词序是把句中强调的形容词副词动词或名词放在连词前.注意观察下列句式变化:Although/ThoughI’myoungIalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow.=Youngas/though/thatIamIalreadyknowwhatcareerIwanttofollow.AlthoughIrespecthimverymuchIcannotagreewithhisidea.=Muchas/that/thoughIrespecthimIcannotagreewithhisidea.Although/thoughheisachildheknowsalotofChinesecharacters.=Childas/though/thatheisheknowsalotofChinesecharacters.Althoughhetriedhecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.=Tryashemighthecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.AlthoughitisrainingIamgoingoutforawalk.=RainingasitisIamgoingoutforawalk.
14.evenif=eventhough即使…也…;即便…也…Evenif/thoughIhavetosellmyhouseI’llkeepmybusinessgoing.Shewon’tattendsuchpartieseventhough/ifsheisinvited.Youarenotstupid.Eventhough/ifyouwereslowinstudyyoushouldn’tgiveupstudies.Theboywasbadlyinjuredanddiedatlast.Evenifhehadbeenattendedwithoutdelayhecouldn’thavebeensaved.
15.whether…or…不管…还是…Whethertheweatherisgoodorbadtheywillsetoffastheyplanned.Whetherhedrivesortakesthetrainhewillbehereontime.Anypersonwhetheryoungoroldhashisworthindependentofachievementsbankaccountsorlooks.
16.疑问词+everWhateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverwhoever均引导让步状语从句相当于nomatter与whatwhowhichwhenwherehow连用.Whatever=Nomatterwhatmayhappenweshallnotlosehope.Whoever/Nomatterwhocomeshewillbewelcome.Whenever/Nomatterwhenithappeneditwascertainlynotyesterday.Wherever/Nomatterwherehewenthemadefriendswithpeople.
17.unless除非如果不=if…notIshallgotomorrowunlessitrains.------ShallTomgoandplayfootball------Notunlesshehasfinishedhishomework.UnlessthesunweretoriseinthewestIwouldn’tbreakmyword.Iwon’tattendhisbirthdaypartyunlessinvited=unlessIaminvited
18.as/solongas只要So/aslongasyoukeepontryingyouwillsurelysucceed.So/aslongasyousticktoyourplansforyourstudyyouaresuretomakegreatprogress.-----Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon-----Iwillprobablygoforawalklateronsolongasitstaysfine.
19.supposing/supposethat假定;假如Suppose/supposingthatIdon’thaveadayoffwhatshallwedoSupposexequalstoythenyoucanworkouttheresult.Providing/providedthat=onconditionthat假如在…条件下I’lllendyouthemoneyonconditionthatyoucanreturnitinthreemonths.I’llgoproviding/providedthatmyexpensesarepaid.
20.giventhat…=take….intoconsideration鉴于考虑到Giventhegovernment’srecordonunemploymenttheirchancesofwinningtheelectionlookpoor.Giventheirinterestinchildren/giventhatsheisinterestedinchildrenIamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.Grantedthat的确Grantedthatit’sasplendidcarbuthaveyouseenwhatitcosts
21.incasethat…万一;以防;incaseof+n万一IncasethatJohncomes/shouldcomepleasetellhimtowait.incasethat后谓语用一般现在时或should+动词原型PleaseremindmeaboutitincaseIforget/shouldforget.Pleasetakemyumbrellaincasethatitrains/shouldrain.Incaseoffirewhatshouldwedo
22.祈使句表条件+orelse/or/otherwise+主句表结果….否则…要不然….Pleasecallmeupbeforeyoucomeotherwise/orelse/orwemightbeout.Hurryuporyouwillbelate.祈使句表条件+and+主句表结果Givehimaninchandhewilltakeamile.Beunitedandcooperatewitheachotherandonlyinthiswaycanwesaveourearth.
23.asso…as…和…一样HenryisasgoodaplayerasPeteris.Heworkedasfastasaskilledworkerdid.Wewillgiveyouasmuchhelpaswecan.
24.形容词/副词比较级+than注意:形容词和副词的比较级前还可以加一个表示程度的修饰语常用的修饰语是:
1.alittleabitslightly稍微;一些
2.Muchalotgreatlyagreatdealfarbyfar….得多
3.Stillevenrather更
4.Any一般用于疑问句表示‘一些”;“稍微”
5.倍数或数量词.Thistextisalittleabitmoredifficultthantheother.Hehasmadefargreaterprogressthistermthanhedidlastterm.WiththedevelopmentofsocietypeopleinChinaareagooddealricherthanbefore.Heistwoyearsolderthan=heisolderthanIbytwoyears.AsiaisthreetimeslargerthanEurope.=AsiaisthreetimesaslargeasEurope.=AsiaisthreetimesthesizeofEurope.还应注意当more作为manymuch的比较级时其修饰语分别是
1.manyafew+more+可数名词复数2muchalittleabitagreatdeal+more+不可数名词
3.alotsomefarany+more+可数或不可数均可more译作“另外”I’vemadealotmanymoremistakesthanyou’veHehasbuiltupalargebusinessandearnedmuchmoremoneythanbefore.
25.byfar最….;比….得多注意:byfar既可修饰比较级又可修饰最高级注意byfar在句中的位置.Heworkedharderbyfarthanhiselderbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobasketballplayers.Heisbyfarthetallestofalltheplayersontheteam.Hisexplanationisbyfarclearerthantheoldone.
26.the+比较级….the+比较级……越…越…..Themoreyouneedthebetteryouunderstand.Thehigherupyougothecolderitbecomes.Abodyweighslessthefurtheritgetsfromthesurfaceoftheearth.=Thefurtheritgetsfromthesurfaceoftheearththelessthebodyweights.Thesoonerthebetter.
27.no+比较级+than表示“A和B都不……”Not+比较级+than表示“A不如B……”Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatone.HeworksnoharderthanI.他和我都不用功.Hedoesn’tworkharderthanI.他不如我用功Morethan不仅仅nomorethan只不过仅仅notmorethan=atmost不多于Therearenomorethantenstudentsintheclassroom.Therearenotmorethantenstudentsintheclassroom.HeisnomorethanachildsoIdon’ttakehimtooseriously.Inourstudents’eyesheismorethanateacherheismorelikeourfriend.More+adj/n+than+adj/n与其说……倒不如说……Heismoreofastudentthanofateacher.与其说他是个老师倒不如说他是个学生.Heismorediligentthanclever.与其说他聪明倒不如说他勤奋.
28.superior较高的上好的出众的高傲的Senior年长的资格较老的地位较高的高级的Junior年少的下级的和to搭配Thiswesternrestaurantissuperiortotheonewewenttolastweek.Heisthreeyearsjuniortome=Heisjuniortomethreeyears.Sheisseniortoeveryoneelseinthecompany.
29.so+adj/adv+that;sucha/an+adj+that“如此…..以至于…..”引导结果状语从句.HisEnglishwassolimitedthathecouldn’tunderstandwhatthenativespeakerssaid.Hewassodevotedtohisstudentsthatheoftenfellillfromoverworking.Itwassuchwarmweatherthatwewentswimming.Tabletennisissuchapopulargamethatpeopleallovertheworldplayit.还应注意:1当名词前有many/much/few/little修饰时用so+n=that结构.即somany/much/few/little+n+that…Thereweresomanypeopleinthestreetwatchingthefirethatfirefighterscouldn’tgetclosetothebuilding.TheWesternerseatsomuchfatandsugarthattheyputonweighteasily.Thecountryhassolittlecoalthatithastoimportlargequantitiesofcoal.Therearesofewfishinthepoolthatwecan’tfishthemeasily.2such+a/an+adj.+n+that=so+adj.+a/an+n+thatHeissuchanhonestpersonthatyoucandependonhimwhenyou’reintrouble.Heissohonestapersonthatyoucandependonhimwhenyou’reintrouble.3由so…that和such…that引导的结果状语从句的倒装结构.当so和其后的形容词或副词;such连词后的名词放在句首时主句使用倒装结构Suchgreatprogresshashemadeinhisstudiesthatwealladmirehim.4such…that句型的特殊性:such后可以不出现adj和n也可以倒装.Hisbehaviorwassuchthatallhisfriendsdesertedhim.=Suchwashisbehaviorthatallhisfriendsdesertedhim.Theforceoftheexplosionwassuchthatallthewindowswerebroken.=Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.
30.inorderthat;sothat为了….引导目的状语从句Hegotupearlyinorderthat/sothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.Heclosedallthewindowswhiledrivingsothatheshouldn’tcatchcold.sothat否定句要用shouldn’tSothat引导结果状语从句对比:
1.hesetoffearlysothathecaughtthefirstbus.
2.hesetoffearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
31.soasto/inorderto/to为了.作目的状语Hewenthometoseehismother.Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.Johnhurriedsoasnottobelatefortheparty.Modernequipmentisfittedinourclassroomforallthestudentstostudywell.Theletterwasreadoutforallinthecourttohear.注意:todo/inordertodo可放在句首soasto不可
1._____lateinthemorningBobturnedoffthealarm.A.HavingsleptB.TosleepC.SleepingD.Sleep
2.-------DadWhydoyoubuysomanytapesformetolistento-----______yourlistening.A.ImproveB.ImprovingC.HavingimprovedD.Toimprove
3.Dowhateveryoucould_____him.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helping注意:只有不定式todo/inordertodo/soastodo可以作目的状语Onlytodo表示未曾料到的愉快或不愉快的结果:Shewokeearlyonlytofinditwasraining.Hegothomeonlytolearnthathisfatherwasill.Hegottothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.“Liftingarockonlytodropitonone’sfeet”isaChinesefolksaying.ShehurriedbackonlytofindheroldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.对比:现在分词表示主句动作所造成的结果:Hewascaughtintherainthuscatchingcold.Theircarwascaughtinthetrafficjamthuscausingthedelay.Todo作结果状语:表示不愉快或意外结果Hemustbedeafnottohearthat.他聋得听不见.Shewentabroadnevertoreturn.她出国了结果再也没回来.
32.so+adj/adv+asto如此…以至于…作结果状语:WouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycleHewassofoolishastobelievesuchaman.Such…..asto如此…以至于…作结果状语:Don’tbesoupsetmyillnessisnotsuchastocauseanxiety.Heissuchafoolastothinkthatheissomebodyandinfluenceothers.他愚蠢地认为他是个了不起的大人物可以影响其他人.
33.….enoughto….作结果状语“足够…可以…”Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.Toourgreatsurprisechildasheisheisboldenoughtorobpassers-by.Weareoldenoughtomakeagreatdifferencetotheworld.Thechampionranwellenoughtosetupanotherworldrecordindeedifshehadtriedharder.她的确跑得相当快不过要是她再努力一些作为冠军就会再次创造一个世界记录.
34.too…to作结果状语“太….而不能”InmyopiniontheproblemwithmoststudentsliesinthefactthattheyaretooshytospeakEnglishinpublic.Wearenevertoooldtolearn.Heistooclevernottoreadourtricks.他非常聪明完全可以识破我们的诡计.
35.can’t/cannever和tootoomuchenoughover搭配表示“无论怎样……都不过分”Whileyouaredoingyourhomeworkyoucan’tbecarefulenough.Heissuchagreatmanthatwecan’tpraisehimtoomuch.ThedevelopmentofsocietyhasmadeitnecessaryforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishsowecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceoflearningEnglish.Sinceit’sagoodthingwecan’tdoittoosoon.
36.不定式作主语it作形式主语It+系动词beseem….+adj/n+forsb+todosth.It’simportantforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.It’sourdutytohelpothers.It’sapleasureforustogopicnickinginsuchpleasantweather.It’snormalfortheprofessionalworkersthesedaystoprefertoliveinthecountryside.It’sapityfortheretobeanydisagreementinthefamily.It+系动词beseem….+adj/n+ofsb+todosth.adj.表示了人物的品质特征Itishonestofhimtoreturnallthemoneytotheloser.Howrudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat!=It’srudeofhimtotreatachildlikethat.
37.不定式作宾语it作形式宾语主语+think/believe/feel/make+it+adj/n+of/forsb+todoIbelieveitquitepossiblefortheenemytotakeusbysurprisetonight.Ithinkitgoodmannerstosayhellotoyourteacherswheneveryoumeetthem.Ifeelitgreedyofhimtotakepossessionofhisparents’house.Thedevelopmentofsciencehasmadeitquiteconvenientforustogetintouchwithothers.Thegoodatmosphereofstudyhasmadeitpossibleforustostudywell.
38.have+n=+do让某人去干….一次性动作have+n+doing让……持续反复进行have+n+done请人干……/使遭受到…../使某事完成hehadhisstudentstranslatingsentencesallthetimeinclass.I’llhavethereporttypedbythesecretary.Yesterdayonthebushehadhismoneystolen.Don’tbeworriedI’llseetothematterandhaveeverythingpreparedwellinadvance.
39.won’t/can’thave+n+doing/done不能容忍某行为发生It’srudeofyoutospeaktomotherlikethatandIwon’thaveyouspeakingtoMotherlikethatinfuture.Ican’thaveyousmokinglikethat.Wecan’thaveanythingdoneagainsttheschoolrules.
40.get+n+todo让某人去干……一次性行为get+n+doing使……开始……/使……动起来get+n+done请人干…../使某事做完theteachergotthestudentoreadthenewstohisclassmates.Theboyisalwayskeepingsilent.CanyougethimtalkingTheworkersareonstrike.Canyougetthemworking
41.catchsbdoing撞见……正在干……Thethiefcaughtstealingwassenttothepolicestation.Severalstudentswerecaughtcheatinginthecollegeentranceexaminationandwerepunishedseverely.Send+n+doing使…..快速…..Thearrivalofpolicesenttherobbersrunningawayquickly.Workcamethathisfatherwasbadlyill.Thesadnewssenthimgoinghomeatonce.
42.独立结构:无论是不定式现在分词过去分词作状语一般情况下要求前后逻辑主语一致.但有些结构表明说话人的态度判断或一般看法不要求逻辑主语的一致性是一个独立的插入成分.不定式:Tobefrank;tobehonest;totellthetruth;tobesafe;tobeshortTobeshortwearefacedwithmanyissuesandneedtotakeimmediateactiontosolvethem.现在分词:Comparatively/frankly/exactly/generally/honestly/properly/roughlyspeakingSpeakingof/talkingof谈到/说道……judgingfrom从….来判断Considering考虑到……鉴于.;就…..而论Granting假定;姑且认为TalkingoflookingforjobswhatkindofjobwouldyouliketodointhefutureJudgingfromthelookonhisfacehewaslying.Grantingthistobetrue/thatthisistruewhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromit
43.It形式主语It+系动词be./seem…+nogood/nouse/useless+doingsthItisnogoodreadingwithoutfullunderstanding.Heistoostubborntochangehismind.It’snousearguingwithhim.Asastudentit’snogoodstayinguptoolate.There+系动词be/seem….+nodoingsth=it’simpossibletodo….做…..是不可能的Thereisnofinishingtheworkinsuchashorttime.=it’simpossibletofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.Thereislittletimeleftsothereisnoarrivingthereontime.There’snosayingwhathe’llbedoingnext.
44.with独立主格结构作定语或状语:1with+n+nwith可省略Theworkforceismadeupof400workerswithmostofthemwomen.=theworkforceismadeupof400workersandmostofthemarewomen.=theworkforceismadeupof400workersmostofwhomarewomen.2with+n+adjwith可省略Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteachertheireyeswideopen=andtheireyeswerewideopen.3with+n+advwith可以省略Themeetingoverwereturnedtotheclassroom.=whenthemeetingwasoverwereturnedtotheclassroom.Hepulledonhisshirtwrongsideout.=hepulledonhisshirtbutthewrongsidewasout.4with+n+prep–phraseTheoldmansatonthechairwithapipeinhismouth/pipeinmouth.Thesoldierstoodthereguninhand.5with+n+todo/tobedone表示将来动作Wearrivedatthestationat10:00withthetraintoleaveat10:
30.Withsomanypeopletohelpthepeopleintheflood-strickenareatheyaresuretogetoverallthehardship.6with+n+doing/beingdone表示正在进行/havingdone动作已经完成Itbeingsunnythechildrendecidedtogoouting.=asitwassunnythechildrendecidedtogoouting.Hismotherfallingillsuddenlyhehadtocancelhistriptolookafterher.=becausehismotherfellillsuddenlyhehadtocancelhistriptolookafterher.Weatherpermittingwe’llflytoGuangzhoutoday.=ifweatherpermitswe’llflytoGuangzhoutoday.Theguestshavingleftshesetouttotidyuptheroom.=aftertheguestshadleftshesetouttidyuptheroom.ThefreewaybeingrepairedwehadtotakeotherwaystoreturntoBeijing.=becausethefreewayisbeingrepairedwehadtotakeotherwaystoreturntoBeijing.7With+n+done/havingbeendoneHerglassesbrokenshecouldn’tseethewordsontheblackboard.Hestoodtherehishandscrossedonthechestlookingratherproud.Eg.
1.______littletimeleftyou’dbetterwalkasfastaspossible.B
2.As______notimeleftyou’dbetterwalkasfastaspossible.DA.BeingB.TherebeingC.ItbeingD.Thereis
3.It______Sundaywewentouttoplay.B
4.Becauseit_____Sundaywewentouttoplay.AA.wasB.beingC.wereD.tobe
5.Hesattherehiseyes_____fixontheblackboard.fixed
6.Theteacherwasgivinglessonsseveraloldmen_____seatatthebackoftheclassroom.seated
45.疑问词+不定式=疑问词+weshall/shoulddo…WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.WhenweshouldleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.Mr.Smithdidn’tknowwhethertoleaveorstaythere.IaskedprofessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell.Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.=Idon’tknowwhatweshoulddonext.
46.it+seem/appearthat句型句型转换:
1.Itseemsthatheisenjoyinghimself.=heseemstobeenjoyinghimself.
2.ItseemsthathehasbeenadmittedtoBeijinguniversity.=HeseemstohavebeenadmittedtoBeijinguniversity.
3.Itappearsthattherehasbeenamistake.=thereappearstohavebeenamistake.
47.itisthought/considered/believedthat…..句型句型转换:
1.It’sbelievedthatChinapromisestobeamongthepowerfulcountriesintheworld.=Chinaisbelievedtopromisetobeamongthepowerfulcountryintheworld.
2.Itisbelievedthathehasbeenworkinghardandwillbegivenarisebytheboss.=Heisbelievedtohavebeenworkinghardandtobegivenarisebytheboss.
48.hadhopedtodo=hopedtohavedone表示没有实现的希望打算意图.类似的词还有expectthinkintendmeansupposewantWouldlike/lovetohavedone….;was/weretohavedone….Ihadhoped/intended/meant/expected/wantedtocallonmygrandfathertheotherdaybutIwaspreventedbyaheavyrain.------Didyougotoseethefilm“Titanic”yesterday------IwouldliketohavebutmymothersuddenlyfellillandIhadtoattendher.DidyouattendTom’sbirthdaypartyyesterdayI’dliketohavebutIwasonduty.
49.主语+be+adj+todo….不定式说明主语在那些方面存在形容词所具备的特点.HeiseasygoingsoIthinkheisquitetogetalongwith.Thesolutiontotheproblemisdifficulttoseek.Thepollutedriverisunfittobathein.
50.ing形式作宾语Admitappreciateavoidconsiderdelaydislikeenjoyescapeexcusefacefeellikefinishforgivegiveupimagineincludekeepmentionmindmisspracticeputoffresistrisksuggestunderstandcan’thelpfancycan’tstand+v-ing.Eg.朗读并背诵下列句子:Imustapologizefornotlettingyouknowaheadoftime.Theflighttoshanghaiwasputofftakingoffduetothefog.-----Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon-----I’mthinkingofgoingtovisitmyaunt.HaveyoumadeanyplanforcelebratingyourbirthdayOnreachinghomeshegotdowntocooking.Theyhurriedonforfearofbeingcaughtintherain.Themanwilldiewithoutbeingoperatedon.Heusedtoplaycardswithhisfriendsbutnowheisusedtotakingawalkafersupper.WelookforwardtomakingatriptoHangzhou.AftercookingMothersetaboutmakingtea.Shetakesgreatpleasureinhelpingothers.Afraidofbeinglateforschoolhewalkedingreathurry.Heinsistedonbeingsenttotheplacewherehewasmostneeded.Educationisthekeytospeedingupourmodernization.Hedoesn’tfeellikegoingtotheexhibitiontoday.Notbeingabletostandbeinglaughedhehittheboyintheface.OnthewayhomeBillkeptonaskinghisfathersuchquestions.Nowadaysindevelopedcountriespeoplepreferredlivinginthecountrysidetolivinginthecity.Thedeerwassoluckythatitjustmissedbeingshotbythehunter.-----Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmlastnight-----Ohexcellent.It’swellworthseeingasecondtime.Iwouldhighlyappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.Weareconsideringchangingtheplan.Onaccountoftherainheadvisedpostponingholdingthesportsmeettillnextweek.HearingtheexcitingnewsIcouldn’thelpjumpingwithjoy.HaveyoufinishedrepairingtheTVsetIt’sgoodhabittopracticereadingaloudearlyinthemorning.Asyouknowstudyingmeansworkinghard.Thelakeispolluted.Wedon’tallowswimminghere.WhyhavetheydelayedholdingthesportsmeetSue’sfailingintheexaminationmadeherparentsveryangry.Idon’tlikestrangerslisteningtoourtalk.Iunderstandyournotwantingtogotothemeeting.Wemustdosomethingtopreventthelakebeingpolluted.Theywouldratherspendtimestudyingthanwonderinthestreet.Theyisnouseourdiscussingitanyfurthernow.-----whatmadeyousoworried------Missingtheplane.
51.–ing作宾语ForgetrememberregrettrymeangoonstopForgetdoing忘记曾做过……forgettodo忘记去做没做……It’sfunnythatIforgottellinghimandwenttotellhimagain.Whenyouleavetheclassroomdon’tforgettoputawayallthethings.Rememberdoing记得做过……remembertodo记着要去做……IstillrememberbeingtakentoBeijingwhenIwasyoung.Whenyoupassbythepostofficedoremembertoposttheletterforme.Regretdoing后悔;遗憾做过……regrettodo很遗憾要做……Ididn’tpasstheexam.HowIregrettedhavingwastedsomuchtimeplaying.Iregrettotellyouthenewsthatyouwillbefirednextmonth.Trydoing尝试做……trytodo尽力干……Ifyoucan’tworkoutthemathsprobleminthiswaywhynottryusinganotherwayAsastudentweshouldtrytobeall-aroundweshouldsimplyseekhighmarks.Meandoing意味着……meantodo打算要……IhadmeanttocomeearlyforthemeetingbutIwasheldupbythetrafficjam.Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanothertwohours.Goondoing继续干原来所做的事情goontodo做完一件事接着做另一件事Tiredandthirstyastheyweretheywentonworkinginthesun.AfterwefinishlearningLessonOnewewillgoontodosomelistening.Stoptodo…..停下来去做…….Stopdoing…….停止做……Stopspeakingandjustlistentome.Whenhesawwewereintroublehestoppedtohelpusout.Thanksbfordoing谢谢某人做过……Thanksbtodosth拜托某人干……Thankyouforhelpingmesomuch.I’llthankyoutoleavemythingsalone.It’snoneofyourbusiness.Need/require/want需要/deserve值得+doing主动表被动Beworthdoing主动表被动Ithasbeenalongtimesincethehousewasthoroughlycleaned.NowasNewYear’sDayisaroundthecornerIthinkthehouseneedsrequireswantscleaning.=thehouseneeds/requires/wantstobecleanedHeisworthpraising.=hedeservespraisingforhehasdonesomanygoodthings.Hiscarhasbeeninbadrepairandnowitbadlyneedsrepairing.Devote….to/lookforwardto/stickto/beusedto/objectto反对/getdownto着手干+doingto为介词Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Hedevotedallhislifetoteachingandhasnotimetoattendhischildren.Mymotherstronglyobjectedtomyplayingcomputergamesinthecyberbar.WellpreparedtheygotdowntoshootingtheTVplay.But/except+todo/do这种句型如介词前有行为动词do后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do则接带to的不定式.Theenemysoldiershadnochoicebuttogivein.Howhappilythebabylivesitdoesnothingbuteatsleepandplay.Facedwithdisastersthereisnothingforustodobutkeepupourcourageandtakeaction.Incoldwintermostcold-bloodedanimalshavenochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Hadbetter/bestdo….最好干…..Whenhurricaneiscomingyou’dbetterstayindoor.Nowthatyouhavebeenboredwiththelifeinthecountrysideyou’dbettergotothecitiestoseekmorechances.Prefertodoratherdo….愿意干….而不愿意干….Wouldratherdothando=woulddoratherthando……Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbushealwayspreferstorideabicycle.I’dratherreadsomethingathomethangototheparkinsuchweather.Cannotbut/cannothelpbut/cannotchoosebut+do不得不….;只好…..Wecouldnotbutweepatourbadluck.It’sraininghard.Icannothelpbutstayathome.Beingendangeredmostanimalcannotchoosebutwantfortheirdestiny.Therebe句型表示什么地方有…..
52.注意:therebe之后如有几个并列主语时用is或are取决于第一个主语是单数还是复数单数用is复数用are.Thereisapenapencilandtwobooksonthedesk.Thereareseveralstudentsplayingontheplayground.TherewillbeanimportantconferencenamedTheEarthSummittobeheldhere.Therehavebeengreatchangesinmyhometowneversince
1978.Theremustbesomethingwrongwiththecellphone.注意:therebe句型也可以有其它形式变化常见的有seemtobehappentobeappeartobeusedtobeislikelytobeThereseems/appearstobemuchhopeofourteamwinningthematch.Thereislikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpectedwhilecarryingouttheexperiment.Thethiefbrokeintohisdelighttherehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.注意therebe句型中的be动词也可以替换成其它词常见的有liveremaincomestandlieoccurexistfollow等动词.Oncetherelivedmanydinosaursheremillionsandmillionsofyearsago.Therestandsaskyscraperinfrontourteachingbuilding.Therecameatimewhenmostofpeoplehadnofreedomtospeak.Thereoccurred/existedhumanbeingsabout5000yearsago.Therefollowedadeadsilenceafterastrangenoise.Thereexistseriousproblemsintheworldandweshouldtakeactiontosolvethembeforeitistoolate.注意:therebe句型的独立主格形式作状语:Therebeingnobuseswehadtowalkhome.=becausetherewerenobuseswehadtowalkhome.Therehavingbeennorainforalongtimethecropsinthefielddied.=becausetherehadbeennorainforalongtimethecropsinthefielddied.有连词用句子没有连词用therebe独立主格形式作状语Therebe句型的非谓语形式:Idon’twanttheretobeanymisunderstandingsbetweenus.What’sthechanceoftherebeinganelectionthisyearsIt’snotunusualfortheretobeagenerationgapbetweenteachersandstudents.Thereisnopoint/senseindoingso.
53.It’suptosbtodo…..由…..来;靠….来…Whetherwegiveuporgoonwiththeexperimentit’salluptoourtutorprofessortodecide.It’suptoyoutobabysitmysonwhenIamawayonbusiness.Beuptosth胜任从事于Michaelisnotreallyuptothatjob.Theyarewhisperinginthecornerasiftheyareuptonogood.
54.dodoesdid用于一般现在时或一般过去时强调谓语动词对比:Heisanall-aroundstudent.//Hedoesbeanall-aroundstudent.Hetookgreatpainstohelpus.//hedidtakegreatpainstohelpus.Becareful!//Dobecareful!Youteenagersdomakegreatdifferencetoyourparents.
55.it强调句强调句的基本构成:Itis/was+被强调部分+who/that+剩余部分原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态用Itis….that/who….如原句的谓语动词是过去时态则用Itwas….that/who….强调时间地点原因或方式时不要用whenwherehow必须用that.1Isawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.---ItwasIwhosawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.2whendidyouseehiminthestreet----whenwasitthatyousawhiminthestreet3whodidyouseeinthestreetyesterday----whowasitthatyousawinthestreetyesterday4hedidn’tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.----Itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed.5Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.----Idon’tknowwhenitisthathewillcomeback.6Itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeonethatyoufullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim.----Onlywhenyounearlylosesomeoneyoufullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim.7Itwasn’tuntilhisfathercamebackfromworkthathegotdowntodoinghishomework.8ItwasbecausethetrafficwasveryheavyduringtherushhourIwaslateagain.
56.as/sofaras…….就……而言SofarasIknowthebookwillbepublishednextmonth.AsfarasI’mconcernedchattingonlineisawasteoftimeandmoney.
57.what/howabout……怎么样表示建议HowaboutsigningupforthephysicscompetitionWhataboutthetwoofusgoingpicnickingthisSunday
58.Itfollowsthat……因此…..Itisnaturalforpeopletobeattractedtobeautifulthings.Itfollowsthatmostwomendesirenothingbuttolookbeautiful.WiththedevelopmentofsocietyitisnecessaryforusstudentstohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer.ItfollowsthatweshouldworkhardatEnglish.
59.Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想到…..ItoccurredtomethatIhadeverseenhimbefore.ItoccurredtomethatIshouldaskthepoliceforhelp.
60.thereisnoneedto…没有必要….Asaboyofeighteenheknowshowtotakecareofhimsothereisnoneedtobeworriedabouthim.Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutsuchasmallmistake.
61.it’syourturnto…轮到你….It’syourturntomakeafewremarksatthemeeting.Whoseturnisittobeonduty/it’smyturn.
62.it’stimetodo….该是做….的时候了It’stimeforustomeetchallengesandtoproveourabilities.It’stimeforustofightagainsttheenemyanddefendourmotherland.
63.usedtodo….过去常常…Get/beusedtodoing….习惯于…..Thereusedtobemanyoldhousesinthecenterofthecity.Ihavebeenusedtolivingoncampus.Thegirlusedtobefat.Butafterbeingonadietforalongtimeshewasmuchthinnerthanbefore.
64.what’s…..like…….如何/怎么样用于问事物的外表特征和内在品质Whatdoes….looklike“…..长得怎么样”仅强调外表特征------what’stheweatherliketoday-------Itseemstobeclearingup.------what’shisfatherlike-----hisfatherishandsomeandeasy-going. 类似的句型:Whatdoyouthinkofsth/sbHowdoyoulikesb/sthHowdoyoufindsb/sthHowdoyoufeelaboutsb/sth
65.it’slikesbtodosth.这很象….的所作所为It’squitelikehimtohavebeensorudetothestrangers.It’squitelikehimtoanswerforwhathehasdone.
66.whenitcomestosth….当谈到…..;临到….情况WhenitcomestohelpinghiswifewiththehouseworkJohnnevercomplains.Whenitcomestoplayingcomputergameshewouldbeveryexcitedandfullofenergy.
67.howdidsbcometo….=howcomethat….为什么….;是怎样….固定表达要求对发生的事情解释或说明理由Howdidyoucometofindoutwhereshe’sliving=Howcomethatyoufoundoutwhereshe’slivingHowcomethatyousattheredoingnothing=howdidyoucometosittheredoingnothingHowdidyoucometobesofoolishHowcomeyouarelateagain
68.betodo….分析并背诵betodo在下列句子中的意义:1I’mtoinform=mustinform表示责任或必要youthatyouaretomake表正式的不以个人意志而改变的安排aspeechatthemeetingtomorrow.2youaretobecongratulated.你应受到祝贺.3thebookisnottobefound.书不可能找到.表可能4everymemberofthepartywastopayhisownexpense.表示命令5atwhattimeamItobethere命令6ifitweretoraintomorrowthemeetingwouldbeputoff.表示虚拟7heescapedfromhishometownandhewasnevertoseehiswifeandhisfamily.表示预示命运
69.nonethe+比较级毫不……Heisnonetheworseforfallingintotheriver.AftertakingthemedicineI’mnonethebetter.Afterastayofthirtyminutesintheseahewentoutcoldandwetthroughbutnonetheworsefortheexperience.
70.it’sonly/justamatterofdoing…….只不过是…..;….无非是…..1LearningEnglishisjustamatterofdoingmorelisteningspeakingreadingandwriting.2Bringupachildisnotonlyamatteroffeedingclothingandhousinghim.Youmustgivehimaself-confidenceandalsolethimknowsomeimportantvaluesinlife.
71.youhavetobe+adj+todo……要想…..你还需……1youhavetoberichtoliveinsuchanexpensiveandbeautifulhouse.2yuohavetobeoldtofightwithme.3youhavetobeyoungtoclimbupthemountainasfastasI.
72.farbeitfrommetodo….but….=onnoaccount/bynomeansamItodo…but….我决不想……;我无意干…..但是….1farbeitfrommetointerfereinyouraffairsbutIwouldliketogiveyouonlyonepieceofadvice.2farbeitfrommetosaybutIamproudofbeingadmittedtoOxfordthishalloweduniversityoflearning.神圣的学府
73.全部倒装句1Herethereoutinupdownnowthen等副词放于句首句子全部倒装.Theregoesthebell!=thebellisringing!Herecomesthebus=thebusiscomingOutrushedthestudentsonhearingthecryforhelpinthedarkness.Nowcomesyourturntomakeafewremarkshere.Awayranthethiefthemomenthesawthepolicemen.Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.注意:1在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词象gocomerush等2主语如是代词不倒装Awayhewent全部倒装句2方位状语在句首句子全倒装:Infrontofthehousestoppedapolicecar.Nearbyweretwocanoesinwhichtheyhadcometotheisland.全部倒装句3;adj/V-ing/V-ed+地点状语+be….Presentatthemeetingwerethemanagerallthedesignersandthewriter.Sittingatthebackoftheclassroomwereseveraloldteacherslisteningattentivelytothenewteacher.Gonearethedayswhenfarmersliveatthemercyofnature.半倒装句1否定副词或否定短语在句首句子半倒装如:littleneverhardlyrarelyseldomnotatallbynomeans等.NeverdidChinahaveapowershortagethataffectedsomanyareasandcausedsomuchloss.Atnotimewasthemanawareofwhatwashappening.LittledidIunderstandwhathesaidtomeatthattime.It’sbeyonddescription.Nowhereelseintheworldcantherebesuchaquietbeautifulplace.Notasinglemistakedidhemakeintheexam.Bynomeans=Notatallaretheseworksofartsatisfactory.半倒装句型:2notonly…..butalso……Notonlyisbettereducationimportantforimprovingourselvesbutalsofordevelopingoursociety.Theysuggestednotonlyshouldweattendthepartybutalsogiveaperformance.Ifwecontinueusingtoomuchundergroundwaternotonlywillthelandsinkbutalsoseawaterwillcomein.半倒装句型3:neithernor放在句首“Ifyoudon’tattendtoyoursickmotherneitherwillI”saidhiswifeinred-hotanger.------whydidn’tyoubuyit------Neitherwasthepricesatisfactorynordidthecoloragreewithme.Withoutinternationalcooperationdevelopingcountriescannotprospernorwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible.半倒装句型4:only+状语放在句首主句半倒装Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.Onlybylearningtoliveinharmonywithnaturecanwesavetheearth.半倒装句型5:manyatimeoftenonceinawhile等频度副词放在句首ManyatimehashegivenmeahandwhenIwasintrouble.Nowandthenwillhebelateforschoolandbescoldedbytheteacher.Oftenhaveweseentheseboysdogoodthings.半倒装句型6:so/as+助动词+主语……也……Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessaryso/asisthewillingnesstoact.Hebelievedasdidhisfamilythatyouweretellingthetruth.Inthepast20yearsoursocietyhaschangedalotso/ashaveoureatinghabits.So+主语+助动词.表肯定已有的观点或事实-----wehaveallworkedhardthesedays.-----sowehave.主语+助动词+so按照别人的要求去做ThewoundedlittleboyaskedmetolifthimupandIdidso.Soitiswithsb=it’sthesamewithsb前者怎么样后者也怎样前面既有否定句又有肯定句或有多个谓语动词助动词难以选择时用此句型HelikesEnglishbutdoesn’tlikemathssoitiswithme/it’sthesamewithme.Heisastudentandhestudieshardsoitiswithme.-----Hewasrallymanlyenoughtoberesponsibleforwhathehaddone.-----Sohewasanditwaswithyou.
74.虚拟语气句型虚拟语气句型
1.If+were/did动词的过去式主语+would/might/should/could+do表示对现在的假设IfIwereyouIwouldnotbesoproud.Idon’thaveacellphone.IfIhadoneitwouldbeconvenientformetogetintouchwithothers.IfIwereinyourpositionIwouldthinkbetterofit.虚拟语气句型
2.If+haddone主语+would/might/should/could+havedone表示对过去或已发生事情的虚拟假设Whatapityitisthatyoudidn’tattendtheconcertyesterday!Ifyouhadattendtheconcertyouwouldhaveseenthefamoussinger.Anyoneinhispositionwouldhavedonethesame.==IfanyonehadbeenIhispositionhewouldhavedonethesame.虚拟语气句型3If+were/did/动词过去式/should/weretodo主语=would/might/should/could+do表示对将来的假设Ifweweretopanicwewouldnotbeabletogiveproperfirstaid.Ifitweretorain=shouldrain=rainedtomorrowwewouldnotgoforapicnic.Ifyoushouldn’tpassthecollegeentranceexaminationwhatwouldyoudo虚拟语气条件句的倒装:在虚拟条件句中如出现有werehadshoud可省略if可将主语于这些词倒装构成虚拟倒装句.Shouldheactlikethatagainhewouldbefined.HadIknownmoreaboutgivingfirstaidIcouldhavehelpedthem.WereItogotothemoononedayIwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.HadIenoughmoney=ifIhadenoughmoneyIwouldbuyalargehouse.虚拟语气句型4Ifonly引起的感叹句相当于howIwish+宾语从句意为“但愿….要是…就好了”Ifonlyhecouldcome!Ifonlywestudentsdidn’thavesomuchhomework!IfonlyIhadn’tbeensocarelessintheexam!虚拟语气句型
5.Ifitwerenotfor…=wereitnotfor….Ifithadn’tbeenfor…=haditnotbeenfor…要不是因为有…..;如果不是……Ifithadn’tbeenforhaditnotbeenforthedeterminedcaptainallthepassengersonboardwouldn’thavebeensaved.Ifitwerenotforyourrichparentsyoucouldn’tlivesoeasyalife.虚拟语气句型6butforbutthatButfor+名词和butthat+从句意为”倘若不是要不是”接虚拟语气.ButfortheCommunistPartyofChinathePeople’sRepublicofChinacouldn’thavebeenfounded.Butforairandwaternothingcouldsurvive.Shecouldn’thavebelieveditbutthatshesawit.虚拟语气句型7在suggestproposeinsistdemandrequirerequestorder等表示建议要求命令的名词性从句需要虚拟语气基本句型:主语+should+动词原形MotherinsistedthatJohnshouldgotobedat9o’clock.ManyhospitalrecommendedthatweusetheletterDRABCtorememberwhattodowhengivingfirstaid.Itwasrequiredthatchildrenshouldbesenttoschoolwhentheyreachtheageforschool.Thesuggestionthatheshouldbeinvitedwasrejected.Thatistheirdemandthattheirwagesshouldbeincreased.虚拟语气8It’snecessary/importantthatsb.Shoulddo…should可省略Withthesocietydevelopingveryfastit’squitenecessary/importantthatweshouldhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer.It’snecessarythatJohntaketheexamfirst.虚拟语气
9.It’sstrange/apity/surprisingthatsbshoulddo…..should表示竟然It’sapitythatsheshouldmissthechancetogoabroad.It’sreallysurprisingthataprophecyshouldcoincidewiththefactsoexactly.It’sstrangethatheshouldn’tpasstheexam.虚拟语气
10.Wish+宾语从句表示不大可能实现的愿望表示现在的愿望:主语+动词过去式表示过去的愿望:主语+had+过去分词表示未来的愿望:主语+wouldcould+动词原型HowIwishwestudentshadmorefreetimetorelaxourselves!Ifailedinthemathsexam.HowIwishIhadn’twastedsomuchtimeplaying.Whatapityyoucan’tgototheparty.HowIwishIcoulddancewithyouattheparty.虚拟语气
11.It’shigh/aboutimethatsbdid/shoulddo….早就该….It’stimethatwetookactionanddidourbitsfortheAIDSpatients.It’shightimethatwedidsomethingtoimproveourenvironment.虚拟语气12Wouldratherthatsbdid….“宁愿…..;更愿意”表示现在或将来的愿望Wouldratherthatsbhaddone….“宁愿…..;更愿意”表示过去的愿望.I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.I’dratheryouwerenotacelebratedactor.Inthatcasewecouldspendmoretimetogether.I’dratherthatIhadn’tseenher.虚拟语气
13.Asifthough+主语+did/haddone…表示过去的情况用过去完成时表示现在和将来的情况用过去时Ourheadteachertreatsusasifwewereherownchildrensoallthestudentsinourclassthinkhighlyofher.AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.AlltoooftenpeopletreatAIDSpatientsasiftheywerebadordangerous.
75.关系代词aswhich的区别
1.当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which.Hecamehereverylatewhichwasunexpected.
2.当as在从句中作主语是后面常接动词的被动语态.如:beknownbesaidbereportedbeannounced.如从句的行为动词是主动语态一般用which作主语.Shehasbeenabsentagainasisexpected.Tomhasmaderapidprogresswhichmakesmeveryhappy.
3.As常用在asitseemslikelyasitoftenhappensasitwasprintedoutasitwassaidearlierasIrememberitasIunderstanditasitappears.等结构Jackhaswonthefirstprizeasitoftenhappens.ShehasreadwidelyinRomanticliteratureasitappearsfromheressay.
4.As仍然保持作连词时常有的某种含义.Davidistallasaremybrothers.Heopposedtheideaascouldbeexpected.
5.当非限定性定语从句是一个复合结构时只能用whichBettyalwaystellaliewhichherparentsfindstrange.
76.关系副词where的用法;高考对where的考察驱于复杂从先行词为明显的地点转为地点模糊化.当先行词表示某人/物的situation或某事物所发展的stage或表示某事物的某方面时都可用where.Eg.Theaccidenthadreachedapointwhereboththeirparentsaretobecalledin.WherewillallthistroubleleadThatiswhereyouaremistaken.YouaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequalandthisiswhereIdisagree.IcanthinkofmanycaseswherestudentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.
77.为了增加定语从句试题难度采用以下方法:
1.在定语从句中适当加入插入语.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay______ofcoursemadetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.whatThewrongyou’vedonehimisterriblefor_____Ithinkinmyopinionyoushouldmakeanapologytohim.A.thisB.whichC.whatD.that
2.把先行词与定语从句隔开.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome________Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where
3.综合考察对定语从句名词性从句状语从句强调句的辨析能力.//Thereisafeelinginme______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis–notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.whatAmoderncityhasbeensetupin_______wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whereHeissuchacleverboy__as____everyonelikes.Heissuchacleverboy__that____everyonelikeshim.A.asB.thatC.whichD.itWasitinthevillage_____weusedtolivein_____theaccidenthappenedA.where;thatB.which;thatC.that;whereD.where;which
78.主动形式表被动意义
1.系动词looksoundfeelsmelltasteappearseemgoproveturnstaybecomefallgetgrowkeep+形容词/名词构成系表结构.Eg.Thesteelfeelscold.Hisplanprovedtobepractical.Ithasgonebad.
2.表示开始结束运动的动词.如:beginfinishstartopenclosestopendshutrunmovedEg.Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.
3.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词.如:readwriteactironcutdrawdrivesellwashcleanwearopencooklockshutdryeatdrink.这类动词一般不单独使用常有一个修饰语.Eg.Thiscoatdrieseasily.Nyloncleaneasily.Thedoorwon’tlock.Foodcankeepfreshinafridge.Yourspeechreadswell.Thismaterialhaswornthin.Hisbookdoesnotsellwell.Yourpenwritessmoothly.Thematchwon’tcatch.Theplanworkedoutwonderfully.Therecorderwon’tplay.Theenginewon’tstart.Thisknifecutswell.Theclothwasheswell.
4.少数动词用于进行时其主动形式表示被动含义.如:printcookfryhangbuildmake.Eg.Thebooksareprinting.Themeatiscooking.
5.介词inonunder等+名词短语表示被动意义.表方位的介词于含动作意义的名词合用含被动意义其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式名词前一般不用冠词.常见的有:undercontrol;undertreatment;underrepair;underdiscussion;underconstruction;beyondbelief;beyondone’sreach;beyondone’scontrol;beyondourhope我们史料不及;forsale;forrent;inprint;insight;onsale;onshow;ontrial;outcontrol;outsight;outofone’sreach;outoffashion.Eg.Thebuildingisunderconstruction.Therumorisbeyondbelief.Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise.Thathouseisforsale.Thebookisnotyetinprint.Todaysometreasuresarenotonshowinthemuseum.Theplanewasoutofcontrol.Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher’spermission.
6.不能用于被动语态的及物动词或及物动词短语:Fithavewishcostagreewitharriveat/inshakehandswithsucceedinsufferfromhappentotakepartinwalkintobelongtoEg.Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.。