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《从句
(二)——名词性从句》教案
一、教学目标
1、名词性从句的常见考点;
2、名词性从句的易错考点;
3、名词性从句的相关术语和分类
二、教学重难点
1、教学重点名词性从句的常见考点;
2、教学难点名词性从句的易错考点
三、教学过程
(一)问题排行榜(Hitthecharts)
1、名词性从句都有哪些常见考点?
2、名词性从句都有哪些易错考点?
3、名词性从句的结构和功能是怎么样的?
(二)攻克难点(Overcomedifficulties)
1、名词性从句的结构和功能是怎么样的?主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句动宾介宾that不能省可省禁用不能省不能省whetherif句首whetherwhetherornot只能whether只能whether只能whether代词what-物who/whom-人副词when-时间where-地点why-原因how-方式注意所有句子均为陈述语序
2、名词性从句都有哪些常见考点?考点一主语从句常用it作形式主语,而把主语从句置于句末常用句型如下
(1)It+be+名词(anhonoragoodthingapitynosurprisenowonderetc.)+that从句 Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.
(2)It+be+形容词naturaltrueobviousgodwonderfullikelypossiblecertainetc.+that从句 Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam
(3)It+be+动词的过去分词believedsaidreportedthoughtexpectedarrangedetc.+that从句ItissaidthathehasarrivedinBeijing.
(4)It+seem/happen/appear等不及物动词+that从句Ithappenedthatshewasoutthatday. (例题)___isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage. A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It 考点二it在宾语从句中的运用:1)动词+it+宾补(形容词、过去分词或名词)+that结构Ithinkitimportantthatweshouldkeepcalm.He’smadeitclearthathewon’tagreetotheplan.WefinditnecessarythatwepractiseEnglishdaily.Ihearditsaidthatshehadgoneabroad.2)介词/动词+it+that的特殊结构it作引导词Youmaydependonitthatthey’llsupportyou.Itakeitthatyoudon’tagreewithme.Youcancountonitthatheisverysmart.Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareof.考点三名词性从句中what与that的区别that引导的名词性从句表事实,在从句中不充当句子成分;what引导的名词性从句表疑问,在句中充当主语、宾语或表语Iwanttoknowwhatyouaregoingtodotomorrow.Iknowthatyou’rebetternow.(例题)—Ithinkitisgoingtobeabigproblem. —Yesitcouldbe. —Iwonder______wecandoaboutit. A、ifB、howC、whatD、that 考点四名词性从句的语序应用陈述语序主语+谓语(例题)Heasked____foraviolin. A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid考点五宾语从句的时态呼应当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态当主句动词是过去(could/would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用一般现在时态 IknowthathewillstudyEnglishnextyear.IknowhehasstudiedEnglishsince
1998.TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.(例题)Theteachertoldusthattheearthroundthesun.A.goesB.wentC.isgoingD.hadgone考点六that不可省略的情况1)由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时第二个或以后几个分句前的that不能省略2)作介词but、except、in等的宾语时不可省3)在主+谓+it形式宾语+宾补+that从句真正宾语的句型中不省略4)引导同位语从句、表语从句和主语从句的that不能省Wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay.Hehastoldme(that)hewillgotoShanghaitomorrow. Wemustneverthinkthatwearegoodineverythingandthatothersaregoodinnothing. Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthenorth.(例题)madethemhappy.A.TheirsonhadpassedtheentranceexamB.ThattheirsonhadpassedtheentranceexamC.WhattheirsonhadpassedtheentranceexamD.Whytheirsonhadpassedtheentranceexam考点七同位语从句和定语从句的区别that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略) Haveyougottheidea(that)thisbookgivesyouoflifeinancientGreece?(that引导定语从句,作give的直接宾语,可以省略)考点八只用whether的情况,不用if的情况1)在动词不定式之前Ican’tdecidewhethertostayhere.2)在whether…ornot的固定搭配中Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.3)在介词后,只能用whetherHisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhelosehiswork.4)同位语从句、表语从句;主语从句位于句首及宾语从句放在句首表示强调时Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanistrustworthy同位语Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.主语从句位于句首Thepointiswhetherweshouldlendhimthemoney.表语WhetherthisistrueornotIreallydon’tknow. 宾语从句放在句首表示强调 (活学活用)用whetherorif填空
1.Thequestionis____peoplewillbuyit.
2.________itistrueremainsaquestion.
3.Shedoubts___shewillbesuccessful.
4.Thequestion________itisrightorwrongdependsonsituation.
5.Wedon’tknow_________ornotshewasready.
6.Shehasn’tdecided________togo.
7.Italldependson_________theywillsupportus.考点九疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别1)疑问词+ever无论…..可以引导名词性从句和让步状语从句Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.名词性从句作主语Whoeverbreakstherulehemustbepunished让步状语从句作状语=Nomatterwhobreakstherulehemustbepunished2)nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句Nomatterwhobreakstherulehemustbepunished.(例题)Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.A.AnyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho 考点十宾语从句中的虚拟语气、否定前移1)在demand、order、suggest、decide、insistdesirerequestcommand等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形” Iinsistthatsheshoulddoherworkalone.我坚持要她自己工作 2)宾语从句的否定前移thinkbelieveimaginesuppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式,即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中 Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这 Idon’tbelievehewilldosowillhe我相信他不会这样做是吗?(例题)Idon’tthinkawarmwinteralwayshasanegativeinfluenceonourlife?A.doesn’titB.don’tIC.hasn’titD.hasit
(三)方法列举(Listmethods)
3、名词性从句都有哪些易错考点?易错考点一引导词的考查这是对名词性从句的最为常见的考查在判断名词性从句所缺少的引导词时,一看名词性从句缺不缺成分,缺什么成分;二是优先满足句子所缺的主语、宾语、表语等主干,在不缺少主干成分的前提下,根据语境选用其他引导词关联词的选用遵循以下四点原则a.若名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,指物时选用关联代词what(什么),指人选用关联代词who/whom(谁)注意名词性从句中缺少表语时也会选用关联副词,因表语可以由介词短语来表达时间、地点等意义例如Beforeaproblemcanbesolveditmustbeobvious________theproblemitselfis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whyI’dliketostartmyownbusiness—that’s________I’ddoifIhadthemoney.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.whatb.若名词性从句中缺少定语,可选用关联代词whose(谁的)、which(哪一个/些)、what(什么),该类关联代词一般用于修饰从句的主语例如Theshockingnewsmademerealize________terribleproblemswewouldface.A.whatB.howC.thatD.whyc.若名词性从句中缺少状语,可选用具有具体意义的关联副词when(什么时候)where(什么地方)why(为什么)how(如何、怎么)例如I’mafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoerwhichis________heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whyTwentystudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteach________toreadfast.A.whatB.whoC.howD.whyd.若名词性从句中不缺少句子成分,可选用无具体意义的关联词that,或选用有具体意义的关联词whether/if(是否)、because(因为)、asif/though(好像)例如Itisstillunderdiscussion________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.A.whetherB.whenC.whichD.whereModernsciencehasgivenclearevidence________smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where易错考点二考查从句的陈述语序强调结构中名词性从句,含有复合宾语、被动语态或虚拟语气等的宾语从句等例如Everybodycouldsee________and________.A.whathappened;thatTomwasfrightenedB.whathashappened;TomwasfrightenedC.whatwashappened;thatwasTomfrightenedD.whatwashappening;thatwasTomfrightenedWedecidedinviewofhisspecialcircumstancesthatwewouldadmithimforaprobationaryperiod.A.whetherwouldweadmitB.ifwouldweadmitC.whatwewouldadmitD.thatwewouldadmit易错考点三加入一些插入成分割裂主句和从句,或改变句子的正常结构,从而增加句子的迷惑性和干扰性易错考点四利用whever引导的从句与“nomatter+疑问词”引导的从句的相同点和不同点进行设空;利用whatever与whichever中前者无范围,后者有范围的特点设空;利用whoever与whomever的交叉点设空;利用whoever与thosewho谓语单复数不同设空
(四)能力拓展(Developskills)
1、【2011北京卷22】__________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.Whom【答案】B【考点】考察名词性从句中的主语从句【解析】句意这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题结合句意可知答案为A,此处what引导的宾语从句是一个感叹句
2、【2011北京卷31】Theshockingnewsmadmerealize________terribleproblemswewouldface.A.whatB.howC.thatD.why【答案】A【考点】考查名词性从句中的宾语从句【解析】由句中的IS可知其前面是由what引导的主语从句,且what在从句中作offer的宾语,故答案为A项
3、【2011上海卷35】Thereisclearevidence_____themostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.A.whatB.ifC.howD.that【答案】D【考点】考查名词性从句中的同位语从句【解析】句意为证据表明,所有能够说明的感觉中最困难的是身体的疼痛分析句子结构,从句中不错成分,故用关联词that
4、【2011上海卷38】Themessageyouintendtoconveythroughwordsmaybetheexactoppositeof_____othersactuallyunderstand.A.whyB.thatC.whichD.what【答案】D【考点】考查名词性从句中的宾语从句【解析】句意为你试图通过言语表达的意思或许恰恰跟别人理解的相反
5、【2011山东卷26】Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoerwhichis______heneverfinishesanything.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.why【答案】D【考点】考查表语从句【解析】句义我恐怕他比起来一个实践家更是一个空谈家,那就是他一事无成的原因本文“whichis..”引导的一个非限定性定语从句中有一个表语从句根据句意用“why”引导
6、【2011山东卷33】We’veofferedherthejobbutIdon’tknow______she’llacceptit.A.whereB.what.whetherD.which【答案】C【考点】此题考查宾语从句的引导词【解析】根据句意“我们提供给她了这份工作,但我不知道她是否会接受”whether“是否“,where“哪里“what“什么”,which“哪个“
7、【2011江西卷
26.】Thevillagershavealreadyknown______we’lldoistorebuildthebridge.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which【答案】C【考点】考察宾语从句和主语从句【解析】村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥,后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物,所以选择what
8、【2011江苏卷26】Itwasneverclear_______themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.A.thatB.howC.whenD.why【答案】A【考点】考查主语从句【解析】句意这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚It在句中是形式主语,真正的主语是why引导的主语从句
(五)小结
(六)课后作业
1、复习一遍课堂摘记
2、完成课堂尚未完成的练习
3、复习名词性从句的常见考点和易错考点名词性从句nounclause宾语从句objectclause主语从句subjectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause。