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2014高考英语阅读理解答案解析八2011·山东卷,AArthurMiller19152005isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.MillersfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustriaHungarydrawnlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”.HoweverheexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionoftheearly1930s.MillersmostfamousplayDeathofaSalesmanisapowerfulattackontheAmericansystemwithitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusasindicatorsofworth.InWillyLomantheherooftheplayweseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewiththissystem.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsentiment:ifhecantdotheworkthenheisnogoodtohisemployertheWagnerCompanyandhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthisandatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.Whenitwasfirststagedin1949theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews,anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay,theNewYorkDramaCriticsCircleAwardandthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards.MillerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury,ConnecticutontheeveningofFebruary102005the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofaSalesmanonBroadway.本文讲述了亚瑟·米勒,美国著名的剧作家,以及他的著名的戏剧《男售货员之死》,当这部戏剧第一次搬上舞台时,赢得了巨大的成功,获得了三项大奖
4.WhydidArthurMillersfathermovetotheUSAA.Hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry.B.Hewasattractedbythe“GreatAmericanDream”.C.Hehopedtomakehissonadramatist.D.Hisfamilybusinessfailed.答案B细节理解题根据短文第一段第二句话“MillersfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustriaHungary,drawnlikesomanyothersbythe‘GreatAmericanDream’.”可知答案5.TheplayDeathofaSalesman________.A.exposesthecrueltyoftheAmericanbusinessworldB.discussesthewaystogetpromotedinacompanyC.talksaboutthebusinesscareerofArthurMillerD.focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness答案A细节理解题根据短文第二段第
三、四句话可知,WillyLoman已陷入美国社会制度的困境中,他已精疲力尽,在这残酷的商业世界中,他不知道应该怎样做,最后,他选择了自杀由此可知A项正确
6.WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLomanA.Hetreatshisemployerbadly.B.HerunstheWagnerCompany.C.HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.D.Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues.答案C推理判断题由短文第二段可知,WillyLoman在这残酷的商业世界中,根本没有情感可言,但是他又不能对不起他的雇主和公司,他又不知道如何处理自己的失败,只有选择自杀,由此可知他是美国社会制度的牺牲品
7.AfteritwasfirststagedDeathofaSalesman________.A.achievedhugesuccessB.wonthefirstTonyAwardC.waswarmlywelcomedbysalesmenD.wasseverelyattackedbydramatists答案A细节理解题由短文第三段可知,戏剧DeathofaSalesman第一次搬上舞台,就赢得了三项大奖,故A项正确
8.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.ArthurMillerandhisfamily.B.TheawardsArthurMillerwon.C.ThehardshipArthurMillerexperienced.D.ArthurMillerandhisbestknownplay.[来源:Zxxk.Com]答案D主旨大意题综观全文可知,本文主要讲述了亚瑟·米勒及他的名著DeathofaSalesman,故D项正确2011·江苏卷,AWeknowthefamousones—theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells—butwhataboutthelessfamousinventorsWhataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper雨刮器?ShouldntweknowwhotheyareJoanMcLeanthinksso.InfactMcLeanaprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRangefeelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshesdevelopedacourseonthetopic.Inadditiontolearning“who”invented“what”,howeverMcLeanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothe“why”and“how”questions.AccordingtoMcLean,“Whenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestionstheyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.”Herstudentsagree.OneyoungmanwithapatentforanunbreakableumbrellaiswalkingproofofMcLeansstatement.“IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwipersinvention,”saidTommyLeeaseniorphysicsmajor,“Ineverwouldhavedreamedofturningmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructive.”Leeiscurrentlynegotiatingtosellhispatenttoanumbrellaproducer.SojustwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiperWell,MaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.ThedaywascoldandstormybutAndersonstillwantedtoseethesights,soshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowcoveringthewindshield,shefoundherselfwonderingwhytherecouldntbeabuiltindeviceforcleaningthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirminghamAlabamaAndersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideasalever操作杆ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontrolanarmontheoutsidebecamethefirstwindshieldwiper.Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.ItshardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morganstrafficlight.ItsequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgettsinnovationthatmakesglassinvisible.Canyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses大发明家与重要的发明固然令人振奋,但生活中也离不开小发明,本篇文章鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机9.Bymentioning“trafficlight”and“windshieldwiper”,theauthorindicatesthatcountlessinventionsare________.A.beneficial,becausetheirinventorsarefamousB.beneficial,thoughtheirinventorsarelessfamousC.notusefulbecausetheirinventorsarelessfamousD.notusefulthoughtheirinventorsarefamous答案B细节理解题由文章最后一段,特别是第一句“Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.”可知信号灯和雨刮器等这些小的发明使我们受益第一段最后一句“Shouldntweknowwhotheyare?”意思是“难道我们不该知道他们发明者是谁吗?”可知发明者不怎么出名10.ProfessorJoanMcLeanscourseaimsto________.A.addcolourandvarietytostudentscampuslifeB.informstudentsofthewindshieldwipersinventionC.carryouttherequirementsbyMountainUniversityD.preparestudentstotrytheirowninventions答案D细节理解题由第二段内容,特别是最后一句“...‘Whenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestionstheyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.’”可知D项最佳11.TommyLeesinventionoftheunbreakableumbrellawas______.A.noteventuallyacceptedbytheumbrellaproducerB.inspiredbythestorybehindthewindshieldwiperC.duetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstormD.notrelatedtoProfessorJoanMcLeanslectures答案B细节理解题由第三段中TommyLee的话“IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwipersinvention...Ineverwouldhavedreamedofturningmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructive.”可知他的发明是因为受到雨刮器的发明故事的启发12.WhichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassageA.HowtoHelpStudentstoSellTheirInventionstoProducersB.HowtoDesignaBuiltinDeviceforCleaningtheWindowC.ShouldntWeKnowWhoInventedtheWindshieldWiperD.ShouldntWeDevelopInventionCoursesinUniversities答案C主旨大意题全文讲述一些重要的发明,虽不为人知,却非常有益,借以鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机其他选项都比较片面C7[2013·陕西卷]CAccordingtosociologists社会学家everymodernindustrialsocietyhassomeformofsocialstratification阶层.Classpowerandstatusareimportantindecidingpeoplesrankinsociety.Classmeansapersonseconomicpositioninsociety.Acommonlyusedclassificationislowerclassmiddleclassandupperclass.WhilesociologistsdisagreeonhowthesetermsshouldbeexactlydefinedtheydodescribesocietiesliketheUnitedStatesquitewell.Onestudyshowsthat53%ofAmericansbelongtothelowerclass46%themiddleclassand1%theupperclass.Interestinglyasurgeonearning$500,000ayearandabusdriverearning$50,000ayearbothregardthemselvesasthemiddleclass!Powerreferstotheamountofcontrolapersonhasoverotherpeople.Obviouslypeopleinpositionsofgreatpowersuchasgovernorsexercise行使bigpowerbutpeoplewhotakeordersfromothershavelesspower.Powerandclassdonotalwaysgohandinhandhowever.Forexamplethegovernorofastatehasgreatpowerbutheorshemaynotbelongtoacorresponding相应的economicclass.Generallyhoweverthereisarelationshipbetweenpowerandclass.ToourknowledgetherearenttoomanypeoplewhoarentmillionairesintheU.S.Senate!Statusisthehonororrespectattachedtoapersonspositioninsociety.Itcanalsobeaffectedbypowerandclassbutnotnecessarilyso.Forexampleauniversityprofessormayhaveahighstatusbutnotbelongtoahighsocialclassorhavealotofpoweroverothers.54.Whatcanwelearnabout“themiddleclass”fromParagraph2A.Peopleearning$50,000ayearbelongtothemiddleclass.B.NearlyhalfAmericansbelongtothemiddleclass.C.Peoplegenerallyconsiderbusdriversasthemiddleclass.D.Sociologistshaveacleardefinitionofthemiddleclass.55.Accordingtothetextweknowthat________.A.powerandclassdonotalwayscorrespondwitheachotherB.statusreferstoapersonseconomicpositioninsocietyC.peoplewithhighstatushavealotofcontroloverothersD.classislessimportantindecidingapersonssocialrank56.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthewholetext A. B. C. D.【要点综述】本文说明了一个社会现象每个现代工业社会都有其社会阶层阶级﹑权力和社会地位是判断一个人的社会阶层的重要标准[来源:Zxxk.Com]54.B 推理判断题由第二段倒数第二句中的“…46%themiddleclass”一句可知在美国,有差不多一半的人属于中产阶级,选B55.A 细节理解题由第三段中的“Powerandclassdonotalwaysgohandinhandhowever.”可知,权力和阶级并不总是保持一致选A56.A 篇章结构题本文第一段是主题段,“Classpowerandstatusareimportantindecidingpeoplesrankinsociety.”是本文的主题句,后三段分别从这三个方面来论述,故本篇文章是总分的结构选AC7[2013·四川卷]DHometomemeansasenseoffamiliarityandnostalgia怀旧.Itsfuntocomehome.Itlooksthesame.Itsmellsthesame.Youllrealizewhatschangedisyou.Homeiswherewecanrememberpain,love,andsomeotherexperiences Wepartedhere;Myparentsmethere;Iwonthreechampionshipshere.IfIclosemyeyesIcanstillhaveaclearpictureinmindofmyfirsthome.Iwalkinthedoorandseeabrownsofasurroundingalowglass-topwoodentable.Totherightofthelivingroomismyfirstbedroom.Itsempty,butitswheremyearliestmemoriesare.ThereisthediningroomtablewhereIcelebratedbirthdaysandwhereIcriedonHalloween—whenIdidntwanttoweartheskirtmymothermadeforme.Ialwayslikedstandingonthattablebecauseitmademefeeltallandstrong.IfIsitatthistableIcanseemyfavoriteroominthehouse,myparentsroom.Itissimple:abrownwoodendresserlinestherightsideofthewallnexttoatelevisionandacoupleofphotosofmygrandparentsoneachside.Theirbedismysafezone.Icanjumponitanytime—wakingupmyparentsifIamscaredorifIhaveanimportantannouncementthatcannotwaituntilthemorning.ImluckybecauseIknowmyfirsthomestillexists.Itexistsinmymindandheartonaphysicalproperty住宅onWest64thstreetonthewesternedgeofLosAngeles.ItisproofIlivedIgrewandIlearned.SometimeswhenIfeellost,IliedownandshutmyeyesandIgohome.IknowitswhereIllfindmyfamily,mydogsandmybelongings.IpurposelyleavethewindowopenatnightbecauseIknowIllbeblamedbyMom.ButIdontmindbecauseIwanttohearhersaymyname,whichremindsmeImhome.43.Whydoestheauthorcallherparentsbedher“safezone”Paragraph3A.Itisherfavoriteplacetoplay.B.Herneedscanbesatisfiedthere.C.Hergrandparentsphotosarelinedoneachside.D.Herparentsalwaysplaytogetherwithherthere.44.WhatcanbelearnedfromthepassageA.Theoldfurnitureisstillintheauthorsfirstbedroom.B.TheauthorcanstillvisitherfirstphysicalhomeinLosAngeles.C.Theauthorsfavoriteroominherfirsthomeisthediningroom.D.Manypeopleoftheauthorsagecanstillfindtheirfirstphysicalhomes.45.Sometimeswhenshefeelslost,theauthorwill________.A.openthewindowatnightB.liedowninbedtohaveadreamC.trytobringbackasenseofhomeD.gotoLosAngelestovisithermom46.WhatistheauthorspurposeofwritingthispassageA.Toexpresshowmuchsheisattachedtoherhome.B.Todeclarehowmuchshelovesherfirsthouse.C.Todescribethestateofherfamily.D.Tolookbackonherchildhood.【要点综述】这是一篇记叙文作者采用回忆的手法,描写了对家的记忆和感怀[来源:Zxxk.Com]43.B 推理判断题根据第三段“Theirbedismysafezone.Icanjumponitanytime—wakingupmyparentsifIamscaredorifIhaveanimportantannouncementthatcannotwaituntilthemorning.”可知,他们的床是作者的安全地带,如果作者害怕的话,随时可以跳上床——叫醒父母;如果作者有重要的事要宣告,不必等到早上作者可以随时叫醒父母故可以判断选B44.B 推理判断题根据第四段“ImluckybecauseIknowmyfirsthomestillexists.Itexistsinmymindandheartonaphysicalproperty住宅onWest64thstreetonthewesternedgeofLosAngeles.ItisproofIlivedIgrewandIlearned.”可知,作者很幸运,因为作者知道她的第一个家仍然存在,它存在于她的头脑和心里故可以判断选B[来源:Z+xx+k.Com]45.C 细节理解题根据最后一段“SometimeswhenIfeellostIliedownandshutmyeyesandIgohome.IknowitswhereIllfindmyfamilymydogsandmybelongings.”可知,有时,当作者感到失落,就躺下,闭上她的眼睛,回家作者知道在那里她会找到她的家人、她的狗、她的财物及回家的感觉故选C46.A 归纳概括题文章通篇描绘对家的思念,落脚点在对家的无限牵挂上故选A。