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2015年高考英语阅读理解专题---主旨大意题主旨大意题常见的命题形式有主题型topic、subject、mainidea、generalidea类Themainideaofthepassageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…目的purpose类Thepurposeofthispassageistotell...Thepassageismeantto….标题title类What’sthebesttitleofthispassage解题方法:
1.学会寻找主题句EX1Theseahorseisn’tlikemostfish.Itsheadlookslikethatofapony.Theseahorsehashardspinyskin.Itstaillookslikethatofamonkey.Ithasonefinthatisn’tmuchhelpinswimming.Seahorsesdriftuprightinthewater.A.Theseahorsedriftuprightinthewater.B.Theseahorse’staillookslikethatofamonkey.C.Theseahorse’sheadlookslikethatofapony.D.Theseahorseisn’tlikemostfish.EX.2Somebirdsliketheostricharetallerandheavierthanaperson.Someareverysmalllikethehummingbird.Manybirdsaregoodflyers.Otherbirdscannotflyatall.Therearemanydifferentkindsofbirds.A.Otherbirdscannotflyatall.B.Manybirdsaregoodflyers.C.Therearemanydifferentkindsofbirds.D.Somebirdsliketheostricharetallerandheavierthanaperson.EX3JustasIsettledowntoreadorwatchtelevisionhedemandsthatIplaywithhim.IfIgetatelephonecallhescreamsinthebackgroundorknockssome-thingover.Ialwayshavetohanguptofindoutwhat’swrongwithhim.Baby-sittingwithmylittlebrotherisnofun.Herefusestoletmeeatasnackinpeace.UsuallyhewantshalfofwhateverIhavetoeat.Thenwhenhefinallygrowstiredittakesaboutanhourforhimtofallasleep.Findatopicsentencefromthetestoruseyourownerwordstosummarizethemainidea
2.学会借助文章体裁及结构来把握中心思想和段落大意,如新闻报道,广告类文章等,第一段多为主题段EX.4StillseekingadestinationforyourweekendbreakTherearesomeplaceswhichareprobablyamerewalkawayfromyourcollege.KingsArtCentreAdayattheCentrecouldmeanavisittoanexhibitionoftheworkofoneofthemostinterestingcontemporaryartistsonshowanywhere…TheBotanicGardenTheGardenhasover8000plantspecies;itholdstheresearchandteachingcollectionoflivingplantsforCambridgeUniversity.…ByronsPoolManystoriessurroundLordByronstimeasastudentofCambridgeUniversityarrivingin1805hewrotealettercomplainingthatitwasaplaceofmessanddrunkenness.…
65.WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutA.SomeplacesforweekendbreakB.Awaytobecomecreativeinart.C.Thecolorfullifeinthecountryside.D.UnknownstoriesofCambridgeUniversity.MONTREALReuters–CrossingtheUS-Canadaborder(边界)togotochurchonaSundaycostaUScitizen$10000forbreakingWashington’sstrictnewsecurity(安全)rules.TheexpensivetriptochurchwasasurpriseforRichardAlbertwholivesrightontheCanadianborder.Liketheotherhalf-dozenpeopleofTownship15crossingtheborderisadailyoccurrenceforAlbert.ThenearbyQuebecvillageofSt.Pamphileiswheretheyshopeatandgotochurch…AsaresultAlbertsayshedidnotexpectanyproblemsthreeweeksagowhenhereturnedhometotheUSafterattendingchurchinCanadaasusual.TheUScustoms(海关)stationinthis…AlberthasrequestedthatthecustomsofficechangetheirdecisionsonthefinebuthehasnotattendedaSundaychurchsince.“IfeellikeI’mlivinginaprison”hesaid62.WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.ACross-countryTripB.ASpecialBorderPassC.AnUnguardedBorderD.AnExpensiveChurchVisit
3.学会在文章中寻找关键词Honey蜂蜜fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugaritisalsodelicious.Mostpeopleandmanyanimalslikeeatingit.Howevertheonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbeesnest巢andtakethehoneyfromit.Oftenthesenestsarehighupintreesanditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfricathoughpeopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper--alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney.…andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewaxbutitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehivesandwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.
59.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext2012全国I卷)A.WildBeesB.BeekeepinginAfricaC.WaxandHoneyD.Honey-LoversHelperFacialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.ForexampleinAmericanculture文化thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.…ForexamplemanypeopleinRussiasmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandeven.…InSoutheastAsiancultureasmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.Vietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmile.Ourfacesshowemotions情感butweshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureaswewould“read”someonefromourownculture.…Ratherthereareculturaldifferencesintheamountoffacialexpressivenesspermitted.…ItisdifficulttogeneralizeaboutAmericansandfacialexpressivenessbecauseofpersonalandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates.…52.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetest2012全国II)A.CulturalDifferencesB.SmilesandRelationshipC.FacialExpressivenessD.HabitsandEmotions标题选择题应着重抓住:__________________.任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的,有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心从而得到标题所选择的标题要新颖对读者有吸引力能激发读者的阅读兴趣,不出现细节信息4.回顾全文来概括文章主旨做主旨大意题时最棘手的恐怕要数文章中无主题句的情况如果没有主题句,考生可以采用提纲挈领法,通过分析细节把文章的要点归纳出来尤其是在记叙文中,作者仅仅叙述所发生的事情或介绍人物,但并不发表自己的观点,因此主题往往比较含蓄和隐蔽大家可参考以下方法来寻找文章的主题1判断出文章的主题究竟是指一个人、一个地方、一件事情如某一概念、设想等还是某一事情的过程或方法要注意的是,人、物、地点、思想或过程都可以成为文章的主题2读完一篇短文后应有意识地回味一下文章的大致内容,理一理文章的脉络,体会一下段与段之间的内在联系一般情况下经过一番梳理后文章的中心就能概括出来,涉及文章主旨大意方面的题目自然会在头脑中由模糊变清晰典例TheengineerCamilloOlivettiwas40yearsoldwhenhestartedthecompanyin
1908.AthisfactoryinIvrea,hedesignedandproducedthefirstItaliantypewriter.Todaythecompany’sheadofficeisstillinIvrea,nearTurin,butthecompanyismuchlargerthanitwasinthosedaysandthereareofficesallaroundtheworld.By1930therewasastaffof700andthecompanyturnedout13000machinesayear.SomewenttocustomersinItaly,butOlivettiexportedmoretypewriterstoothercountries.Camillo’sson,Adriano,startedworkingforthecompanyin1924andlaterhebecametheboss.Heintroducedastandardspeedfortheproductionlineandheemployedtechnologyanddesignspecialists.Thecompanydevelopednewandbettertypewritersandthencalculators计算器.In1959itproducedtheELEAcomputersystem.Thiswasthefirstmainframe主机computerdesignedandmadeinItaly.AfterAdrianodiedin1960,thecompanyhadaperiodoffinancialproblems.Othercompanies,especiallytheJapanese,madefasterprogressinelectronictechnologythantheItaliancompany.In1978,CarlodeBenedettibecamethenewboss.Olivettiincreaseditsmarketingandservicenetworksandmadeagreementswithothercompaniestodesignandproducemoreadvancedofficeequipment.Soonitbecameoneoftheworld’sleadingcompaniesininformationtechnologyandcommunications.TherearenowfiveindependentcompaniesintheOlivettigroup—oneforpersonalcomputers,oneforotherofficeequipment,oneforsystemsandservices,andtwofortelecommunications.59.Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe.A.TheOriginofOlivettiB.TheSuccessofOlivettiC.TheHistoryofOlivettiD.TheProductionofOlivetti课后练习Harvardresearchershavecreatedatoughlow-costbiodegradable可生物降解的materialinspiredbyinsectshardoutershells.Thematerialsinventorssayithasanumberofpossibleusesandsomedaycouldprovideamoreenvironmentallyfriendlyalternativetoplastic.Thematerialmadefromshrimp虾shellsandproteinsproducedfromsilkiscalledshrilk.Itisthinclearflexibleandstrong.Amajorbenefitofthematerialisitsbiodegradability.Plasticstoughnessandflexibilityrepresentedarevolutioninmaterialsscienceduringthe1950sand60s.Decadeslaterhoweverplasticsverydurability耐用性israisingquestionsabouthowappropriateitisforone-timeproductssuchasplasticbagsorshort-livedconsumergoodsusedinthehomeforafewyearsandthencastintoalandfillwheretheywilldegradeforcenturies.Whatisthepointofmakingsomethingthatlasts1000yearsShrilknotonlywilldegradeinalandfillbutitsbasiccomponentsareusedasfertilizer肥料andsowillenrichthesoil.Shrilkhasgreatpotentialtheinventorssaid.Materialsfromwhichitismadeareplentifulinnaturefoundineverythingrangingfromshrimpshellsinsectbodiestolivingplants.Thatmakesshrilklowcostanditsmassproductionpossibleshoulditbeusedforproductsdemandingalotofmaterial.Workonshrilkiscontinuinginthelab.Theinventorssaidthematerialbecomesflexiblewhenwetsotheyreexploringwaystouseitinwetenvironments.Theyrealsodevelopingsimplerproductionprocesseswhichcouldbeusedfornon-medicalproductslikeforcomputercasesandotherproductsinsidethehome.Theyreevenexploringcombiningitwithothermaterialslikecarbonfiberstogiveitnewproperties.
2012.C.
66.ParagraphIofthepassageismainlyaboutshritks_____.A.remarkabledesignB.interestingnameC.majorfeaturesD.basicelements
67.WhathasbecomeaconcernaboutplasticA.Usingitproperly.B.Producingitcheaply.C.Developingitspropertiesquickly.D.Evaluatingitscontributionsfairly.
68.Accordingtotheinventorsshrilkhasgreatpotentialpartlybecause_____.A.itcanhelpplasticdegradeB.itcanbefoundinlivingthingsC.itsmassproductionhasbeenrealizedD.itsrawmaterialsareabundantinmature
69.WhataretheinventorsdoinginthelabA.Replacingcarbonfiberswithshrilk.B.Testingahrilksuseinwetconditions.C.Makingshrilkoutofusedhouseholdgoods.D.Improvingshrilksflexibilityformedicalpurposes.
70.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassageA.RecentProgressinEnvironmentalProtectionB.BenefitsofInsectsinScientificResearchC.TheHarmofOne-timeProductsD.APossibleAlternativetoPlastic。