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高中一年级英语必修
(二)第四单元复习2010
一、Wordsandexpressions.单词和词组
1、wildadj.野生的;未开发的;荒凉的,如wildflowers野花,wildducks野鸭,wildgoose野雁,wildman未开化之人,runwild撒野1Toprotectwildlifeisprotectinghumanraceitself.保护野生动植物就是保护人类自己2Manywildanimalsandwildplantshavediedoutontheearth.许多野生动植物在地球上消失了3Youmustpreventthisnaughtyboyfromrunningwild.你要劝阻这个顽皮小子别撒野用wildwildanimalwildplantwildlife填空1Thetigerisadangerous.2TheantelopeisarareinTibet.3Theginseng[dinse]人参isarareinthickforests.4Thereareallkindsofflowersonthehill.5Wemustprotectallusefulontheearth.6Dontpickuptheontheroadside.
2、species[单复数同形]和kindsort都有“种类”、“类别”的意思,但含义上又有差别species用于动、植物种的类别,属于那种属性的植物或动物的“纲”、“目”、“科”、“属”、“类”按科学属性的动植物分类1)Wheatisaspeciesofgrass.小麦是属禾本科植物2Allkindsofapplesbelongtothesamespecies.所有苹果都属同一科3Thereareover200speciesoffish.有二百多类的鱼4Thatstrangeanimalbelongstoaspeciesthatwehaventseenbefore.那种奇异的动物是我们从未看过的一个物种kind一般指客观存在着的具有同特性的一个“种类”,一般按主观判断来归类,编组是一个无严格范畴概念的种类如5Therearedifferentkindsofflowersinthegarden.花园里有各种各样的鲜花6Whichkindofpaperdoyouwant你想要哪种纸?7Thiskindofpearsishighlypriced.这种梨价格很高sort意思是“种类”时,不如kind那么正式,常指大体上相似的种类,ofasortofsorts常含有贬义,如8Illneverdothissortofthing.我决不会干这种事9Idontbelieveanythingofthissort.我完全不相信这类事情10Sheisnotsuchabadsortwhenyougettoknowher.当你慢慢了解她时,你(会发现)她并不是那样一种坏人用specieskind和sort或所给单词的正确形式填空1Riceisaofgrass.2Tigerisaofcat.3Thereareallofanimalsinthezoo.4Youshouldnotmakefriendswiththisofman.5Wecandonothingofthe.6Hehasbeenthemanwhocant.trust
3、这五个词都与“区域”有关,但所指范围有很大区别area通常指面积较大的地区,而且不是行政上的地理单位1Theyarelivinginthewesternadditionareaofthecity.他们住在城西新建的社区2VeryfewpeopleliveinthedesertareaoftheUnitedStates.美国极少人住在沙漠地区region指固定的一个区域,有其特点的区域或领域,特别行政区,用region.3)HongKongisaSARinChina.香港是中国的一个特别行政区4Fewpeopleliveinthecoldregionareaoftheworld.极少人住在地球的寒冷地域5LiSiguangwasanauthorityintheregionofgeology.李四光是地质学领域的权威district的范围比region要小,可以是行政区域的一个“区”,如HuiyangDistrictofHuizhowcity惠州市惠阳区,也可是一个经济区、商业区域6Thatisabusinessdistrictinthecity.那是城市的商业区zonen.带(气候),危险地带,作战(区域),圈围(地带)7MostoftheworldswheatisgrowninNorthtemperaturezone.世界多数小麦种在北温带8Inordertoprotectwildanimalsourgovernmenthassetupsomenationalnaturalprotectionzones.为了保护野生动物,我国政府建立了一些国家自然保护区reserve指自然保护区,预留之公用地,保留地9Anaturalreserveisapieceoflandwherewildanimalsarekeptsafefromhunters.自然保护区就是一块使野生动物免受猎人伤害的地方用arearegiondistrictzonereserve填空1TherearelargedesertinthewestofChina.2Macao澳门isaSpecialAffairinChina.3Thatisanindustrial工业的inthecity.4Theyliveinawildmountaineastofhere.5WolongNaturalisapieceoflandwherepandasarekeptsafe.6MostoftheworldsriceisgrowninSouthhot.7YangZhen-ningisafamousauthornityintheofphysics.8HuiyangisapartofHuizhowCity.
4、dieout死亡,消失1Asaresultmanywildanimalshavediedout.结果,许多野生动物消失了2Elephantswoulddieoutifmenwereallowedtoshootasmanyastheywished.如果允许人类想捕杀多少就捕杀多少,大象就会绝种3Manyofthetraditionshavediedout.许多传统已经消逝了disappearv.消失了4ThatspeciesdisappearedinIceAge.那个物种冰川时期就消失了5Dinosaursdisappeared
6.5millionyearsago.恐龙在六千五百万年前就消失了passawaypassover去世,死掉6)Theoldwomanpassedawayatninety.老太太九十岁时去世7Hisgrandfatherpassedoveraweekago.他祖父一星期前去世了过去分词gone在句子中作表语,表示“完了”“消逝了”“死了”,如8Allisover.Heisgone.一切都完了,他死了9Myjobisgone.我的工作丢了10Timeisgone.时光流逝了用dieoutdisappearpassawaypassoverbegone填空1Thiskindofbirdis.2TheSouthChinatigerwillnearly.3MiludeerfromChinamanyyearsago.4Ifwedontdoourbesttoprotectwildanimalssomeofthemwillsoon.5IfwedontprotectTibetanantelopestheymayallbesoon.6Idontknowyourgrandmotherhad.7Hergreatgrandmotherayearago.8Onlythosespeciessurvivedtheothers.
5、concernv.和……有关1Thatmatterconcernsallofus.那件事和我们大家有关beconcernedwith和……有关Allofusareconcernedwiththatmatter.我们大家都和那事有关Allofushavesomethingtodowiththatmatter.beconcernedabout关心2Hismotherisquiteconcernedabouthim.他妈妈很关心他Hismothercaresforhimverymuch.Hismotherisquiteworriedabouthim.他妈妈很牵挂他beconcernedin参与,牵涉到3Hewasconcernedinthematter.他参加了那件事还有takegoodcareoflookaftershowconcern等都有关照、关怀、关心的意思.根据所给汉语,完成句子1)党和政府深切地关心年轻人ThePartyandthegovernmentdeeplytheyoungster.2)我们必须互相关心,互相爱的记,互相帮助Wemusteachotherloveandhelpeachother.3)他和交通事故有关Thetrafficaccidenthim.Hewiththetrafficaccident.Hehadsomethingwiththetrafficaccident.4他们经常参与体育活动Theyoftenphysicalactivities.Theyofteninphysicalactivities.5)关心她的人只有她丈夫Theonlyonewhoherisherhushand.
6、peacen.和平及宁静就战争而言,peace是“和平”环境1Welovepeaceandfightagainstwar.我们热爱和平、反对战争2MyonlywishisthatIcanliveinpeacewithoutbeingdisturbedbytheothers.我唯一的愿望就是平静地生活,不受别人干扰quiet作形容词时作“无声”“轻声”“安静”,noisy是反义词3Bequietplease.Keepquietplease.请安静4Theyoungmanisgentleandquiet.这个年轻人儒雅、文静silent指寂静,沉默,不出声5Besilent.Keepsilent安静,别出声6Thehousewasemptyandsilent.房子里空无一人,寂静无声calmn.通常指海面平静,人心境平和,如7Theseawascalmandthereweresomeboatsonsea.海面风平浪静,海面上有几条小船8Itisimportanttokeepcalmwhentheymeetwithdifficulties.遇到困难时,保持平静是很重要的用peacequietsilent和calm填空1Yourbrotherneedsandpeacebecauseheisdoinghishomework.2Theheadmasterisspeakingatthemeetinginavoice.3Mostofuswishtolivein.4TheyhadaeveningwatchingTV.5Youhadbetterkeepaboutwhathappened.6Chinaisadevelopingcountry.TheChinesepeopleneed.7Thehighwindpassedandtheseawasagain.8Shewasforamomentandthenbeganhisstory.
7、ontheearth意为在地球上,相当于intheworld.1Ifwedontdosomethingusefulmanywildanimalsandplantswilldisappearontheearth.如果我们不采取有效措施,许多野生动、植物将会在地球上消失onearth可以解释为“世上”,还可以作“究竟”,加强句子语气2Heistheloneliestmanonearth.他是世上最孤独的人3Whatonearthdoyoumean你究竟是什么意思?intheearth在泥土里4Hefoundsomecoinsintheearth.他在泥土里找到几枚硬币用ontheearthonearthintheearthinearth填空1Therearemearly7billionpeople.2Themanisthelaziest.3Nothingcanpreventusfromgoingahead.前进4Weplantmanyyoungtreesinspring.5Theyarediggingsweetpotatoes.6Chinaisoneofthelargestcountries.7Theyaskedhimwhathewasupto.干什么8Iamgoingtoplantsomefruitseedsinmygarden.
8、contain做动词时,意为“含有”“包含”,“内装”侧重整体之内有……,如1Thisbookcontainstheinformationyouneed.这本书中有你需要的资料2)Theatlas地图册containsfortymapsincludingthreemapsofChina.这本地图册里有四十幅地图,其中包括三幅中国地图3Thisclosetcontainsmorethantwentysuitsofclothes.这衣柜有二十多套衣服4Thesevalleyscontaingoldmines.这些山谷藏有金矿includev.包括5)Thelistincludesmyname.名单上有我的名字6Theboxcontainsalotofgiftsincludingoneofyours.这盒子里有许多礼物,包括你的一件用contain和include的适当形式填空1Mywalletalittlemoney.2Akilometre1,000metres.3Thisplanmostofyoursuggestions.4Thissmallroomtoomuchfurniture.5Thisbook200pagsincluding15pictures.6Thepricebothhouseandfurniture.注意“容纳”还可以用hold,如Thisconcerthallcanholdfivehundredpeople.音乐厅能容500人
9、affect是及物动词1Theriseinpricewillaffectallclasses.物价上涨将影响到各阶层的人2Anychangeintheweatherwillaffectthecrops.任何天气变化都会影响庄稼的生长3Sheisalwaysdeeplyaffectedbymusic.她常被音乐深深感动4Histhroatisaffectedbycold.他的喉咙因感冒发炎了effectn.是名词,常指“效果”“效力”或“作用”,构成词组haveaneffecton相当于affect.5Themedicinehaslittleeffectontheoldman.这种药对那老人几乎没有效果6Punishmentalmosthadnoeffectonthenaughtyboy.惩罚对那个顽皮男孩子几乎不起作用Itisnoteffectivetopunishthenaughtyboy.7Wemusttakesomeeffectivemeasurestoprotectwildlife.我们必须采取一些有效措施保护野生动植物根据所给汉语,完成句子1)吸烟影响健康Smoking.2)这个已经影响到他的态度Thishashisattitude.3)我们的争论对他们有一些影响Ourargumenthassomethem.4)这种药对她很有效果Thismedicinehasgreather.5)天气影响到许多人的健康Theclimatewillthehealthofmanypeople.6)我们必须采取一些有效措施保护环境Wemusttoprotectenvironment.
10、losevt.失去,丢失1Shelosttwosonsinthewar.战争中她失去了两个儿子2Ihavelostmyjob.我已经失业了Iamoutofwork.be/getlost迷路3Theygotlostinthethickforest.他们在密林中迷路了losethetrainbus;missthetrainbus赶不上火车(汽车)cantcatchthetrain4Hurryuporwelllosetheearlybus.快一点,否则我们赶不上早班车5Theyhadmissedthetrain.他们已经错过了火车lost过去分词和missing现在分词,可作定语,如6Thelostboyhasbeenfound.丢失的男孩子已经找到了7Themissingnecklacehasbeenneverfound.丢失的项链再也找不回来了loseoneselfin迷上,沉醉于8Theylostthemselvesinthebeautifulmusic.他们沉醉于美妙的音乐之中loseheart丧失信心9Dontloseheartwhateveryoudo.不管干什么,都不要丧失信心lossn.10Thelossofhismoneyworriedhim.丢钱使他烦心根据所给汉语,完成句子1)洪水期间许多人失去了生命Manypeopleduringtheflood.2)他失业已经两年了Hetwoyearsago.Heofworkfortwoyears.3)密林中容易迷路Itiseasyinthethickforest.4)我们早点起床,以便赶上早班火车Wegetupearlysothatwecan.5)他启程那么迟以致无法赶上末班车Hesetoutsolatethathewouldbus.Hesetoutsolatethathebus.6)这对父母亲已经找到了丢失的女儿Theparentshavefound.7)海伦丢失的项链是昨晚鹦鹉偷的Helensnecklacebytheparrotlastnight.8)这些孩子经常沉迷于玩电子游戏Thechildrenofteninplayingcomputergames.9)无论碰到什么困难,你都不要丧失信心Youcantnomatterwhatdifficultyyoumeetwith.10)失去健康之后,他才意识到锻炼的重要性Hedidntrealizetheimportanceofhealthuntiltheofit.
11、dressvt.vi可作及物动词或不及物动词作及物动词后面跟宾语是“人”不是“衣服”,如1Thegirlisoldenoughtodressherself.这个女孩大了,可以自己穿衣了2Canyoudressthechildren你能给这些孩子穿衣吗?3Pleasegetupanddressquickly.请赶快起床,穿衣4Theyoungladydresseswell.这位年轻女士穿着体面5Icandressinfiveminutes.我能在五分钟内穿好衣服用dressed过去分词作表语,getdressed作“穿好衣服”6Whenshegotdressedshewentout.她穿好衣服,出去了Aftersheputonherclothesshewentout.dressn.衣服,女(连衣裙)7Boysthinklessaboutdressthangirlsdo.男孩比女孩少考虑衣着8Shewantstobuyaneveningdress.她想买件晚礼服9Thegirliswearingadresstoday.这个姑娘今天穿连衣裙puton指“穿”、“戴”的动作,表示“穿”上,“戴”上,后接穿戴的东西,反义词是takeoff.10Itiscoldtoday.Youhadbetterputonmorewarmclothes.今天天气冷,你最好穿多一些冬衣11Putonyournewshoes.穿上你的新鞋吧!wear是及物动词,表示“穿”“戴”的状态,有“穿”着,“戴”着之意后接“穿”、“戴”之物,如12Thegirliswearingapairofglasses.这个女孩戴着一付眼镜13Manygirlswearskirtsinsummer.许多女孩子夏天穿裙子14Theoldwomanoftenwearsagoldnecklace.这个老太太常戴一条金项链haveon意为“穿”着,“戴”着,指穿的状态,其后可接衣服、帽子、鞋子等能穿、戴之物,haveon相当于beinbewearing但haveon不能用进行时态15Hehasonabluecoatandgreytrouserstoday.Heiswearingabluecoatandgreytrouserstoday.Heisinabluecoatandgreytrouserstoday.Hedressesinabluecoatandgreytrouserstoday.他今天穿一件蓝上衣和一条灰裤子介词in,表“穿”“着”,后接衣服或颜色16Thegirlinredismyeldersister.穿红衣服的姑娘是我姐Thegirlwhoisinredismyeldersister.介词with表示“穿”“戴”,只能与眼镜,手套之类各自搭配,不能接衣服17Thegentlemanwithapairofglasseslooksveryhandsome.戴眼镜的男士看起来很帅用dressgetdressedputontryonwearinwith的适当形式填空1Canthelittlegirlherself2Theoldwomanapairofglassesandreadinganewspaper.3Haveyoudressedyet4Sheagoldnecklacetoday.5Theyoungladyoftentwogoldrings戒指inherfingers.6Beforeyoubuynewshoesthem.7Shehernewclothesnowandsheisreadytojoininaneveningparty.8Manygirlsliketoskirtsinsummer.9Theboyjeans牛仔裤ismyelderbrother.10Theoldwomanapairofglassesismygrandmother.11Womenusuallypaymoreattentiontothanmendo.12Itiscoldertodaythanyesterday.Youhadbettermorewarmclothes.
12、usedtodo过去曾经1Heusedtoliveinthecountryside.Nowheislivinginacity.他曾经住在农村,现在在住在城市beusedtodoing已习惯于2Sheusedtoliveinacityandnowsheisusedtolivinginthecountryside.她曾经住在城市,现在习惯于住农村3Theoldwomanusedtobeawriter.这个老太太曾经是个作家4Metalisusedtomakemachines.金属被用于制造机器5Iwillsoongetusedtothefoodhere.我很快就习惯于这里的饭菜6Wecanuseaboxasourtable.我们可以用箱子作饭桌7Woodcanbeusedtomakemanythings.木头可以用来制成许多东西Woodcanbeusedformakingmanythings.根据所给汉语,完成句子1)我叔叔曾经是个乡村教师,他已经习惯于乡村生活Myuncleateacherinthecountryside.Heisusedtolivinginthecountryside.2)我习惯过平静的生活Itoinpeace.3)这位女教师习惯用平和的语调和学生讲话Thewomanteacherspeakingtoherstudentsinacalmvoice.4)羚羊毛正在被用来制造毛衣Theantelopesfurbeingtosweaters.5)南方人习惯于吃米饭Peopleinthesouthtorice.6)拖拉机用于干农活Tractorscantofarmwork.7)农民曾经用牲口耕田Thefarmersmakeanimalsdofarmwork.8)毛衣被用来保暖Sweatercanforwarm.
二、过去分词和现在分词作定语theexcitedelephanttheexcitingnewsthefallenleavesleavesfallingtothegroundthedevelopedcountrythedevelopingcountrytheworriedmothertheworryingthingthebrokenglassthemovingpartyaconcernedlookthechangedworldthechangingworldthemovedcrowdthebrigebuiltlastyearaflyingchairthecarsmadeinShanghaitheswimmingboythemovelwritteninEnglisharunningdogadeskmadeofwoodthewritingbrushagirlcalledDaisyman-madesatelliteausedcaraninterestingstorywild[wald]adj.野生的;未开发的;荒凉的wildanimal野兽wildplant野生植物wildlifen.野生的动植物WWFWorldWildlifeFund[fnd]世界野生生物基金会species[spi:i:z]n.种类,动植物的物种,品种,(口语中)某类人物kind[kand]n.类型,类属sort[s:t]n.种类,类别area[r]n.地区;区域region[ri:dn]n.地区、地带、区域district[dstrikt]n.区域;管辖区zone[zun]n.带,区域(气候)reserve[riz:v]n.自然保护区HongKongSpecialAffairRegionHKSAR香港特别行政区dieout死亡,消失disappearv.消失了passawaypassover去世,死掉begone完了,消逝了,去世了concern[kns:n]vt.和……有关,牵涉到beconcernedabout关心beconcernedwith和……有关beconcernedin参与,牵涉到peace[pi:s]n.和平,安宁,平静inpeace平静地(peacefully)peacefuladj.和平的,爱好和平的peace—loving爱好和平的quiet[kwai]adj.寂静的,安静的,文静的quietnessn.quietlyadv.静静地silent[sailnt]adj.寂静无声,沉默,无言以对silence[sailns]n.silentlyadv.calm[ka:m]n.adj.海(天气)风平浪静,无风,心境平和calmdownv.使安静,使人平静earth[:]n.地球,地上,泥ontheearth在世界上(地球上)onearth在世上,究竟,加强语气(作强势状语)intheearth地泥土里inearth地里contain[kntein]v.包含,容纳,容忍include[inklu:d]v.包括affect[fekt]vt.影响,感动,感染(疾病)effect[ifekt]n.效果,效力effectiveadj.有效的lose[lu:z]—lost[lst]—lost[lst]—losing[lu:zi]vt.失去,丧失loss[ls]n.损失,遗失,丧失miss[mis]—missed[mist]—missed—missingv.失去,错过,思念dress[dres]v.getdressed穿衣,给某人穿衣dressn.衣服,连衣裙puton穿衣(戴帽,穿鞋)tryon试穿wear[w]—wore[w:]—worn[w:n]v.穿戴haveon穿,戴inwithusedtobe曾经是usedtodo曾经做过……beusedtosth习惯于……getusedto习惯于beusedtodoingsth习惯于干什么beusedtodosth被用于干什么beusedasfor被用于……。