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决战2011高考英语专题讲义名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句,它们在复合句中的功用相当于名词,因此称为名词性从句,在句中分别作主语、表语、宾语和同位语1.Whenhewillcomeisstillunknown.2.Idon’tknowwhohaswateredthefields.3.Theproblemisthatweneedmoremoney.4.Haveyouheardthenewsthatourteamwonthegame1.主语从句在复合句中作句子主语的从句引导词连词that、whether;疑问代词whowhatwhich;疑问副词whenwherehowwhy1连词that(无词意)whether是否在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用;whether能引导主语从句,而if不能Thatyoudon’tlikehimhasnothingtodowithme.WhetherJohnwilldothisexperimentremainsaquestion.
(2)疑问代词whowhatwhich在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等Whowillbesentabroadtofurtherhisstudiesisnotannounced.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.Whichschoolwillwintheprizeisnotknown.Whosedictionaryhasnotbeenfoundisstillunknown.Whicheveryoutakewillbeyours.Whoeverwantsthisbookmaytakeit.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.3疑问副词whenwherehowwhy在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原因状语Whentheywillstarthasn’tbeendecidedyet.Wheretheheroinewentisnotmentionedattheendofthestory.Howhemanagedtofinishthecompositioninsuchashorttimeisstillamystery.Whyheoftencomeshereisknowntousall.4用it作形式主语的主语从句常用的句型有It’ssaidthat…Itiscertainthat…Itseems/happensthat…It’spossible/important/necessary/clearthat…该句型从句的谓语动词使用虚拟语气形式should+动词原形ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnsomeEnglishgrammar.
2.表语从句在复合句中作句子表语的从句引导词有thatwhetherwhatwhichwhowhomwhosewhenwherewhyhowbecause等
(1)引导表语从句的that不省略,that仅起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分,无任何意义Theimpressionhemakesonmeisthatheisareliableperson.2thereason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,我们学生易犯“thereasonisbecause…”的错误Thereasonwhythelittleactresshasbeensuchasuccessisthatsheisbothcleverandhard-working.3在表示命令order等,建议suggestionadvice等的名词后的表语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气should+动词原形,should可省略Hissuggestionisthatweshouldholdanothermeetingtodiscusstheproblem.4whether可引导表语从句,表“是否”,它在从句中不充当成分,if不能引导表语从句Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.5连接代词whatwhichwhowhomwhose除起连接作用外,还在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语That’swhatheisworriedabout.(在从句作中宾语)Theproblemiswhocandothework.(在从句中作主语)
(6)连接副词whenwherewhyhow起连接作用外,还在从句中作状语That’swhyIwaslate.Thatiswherehewasborn.Thatishowhedidit.6连词because引导表语从句,只用在That/This/Itisbecause…结构中Thatisbecausesheoftenworkshard.3.宾语从句从句在句中充当宾语的成分宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语,也可作动词不定式等非谓语动词形式的宾语,还可作某些形容词的宾语从句Jennythoughtthatherteacherwasunfair.I’dliketoknowwhichoneisyourhusband.Iamsurethathewon’tmind.Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.
4.同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容经常带同位语从句的名词有factnewsmessagedoubtpossibilityideareasonbeliefhopethoughtpromisesuggestionquestion等引导词有连词thatwhether;连接代词whowhichwhat和连接副词wherewhenwhyhow等
(1)thatwhether只起连接作用,不在从句中作任何成分TheideathatEnglandstandsforfishchips…ispast.Thereisnodoubtthatthepriceofcarswillgodown.Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.不能用if2连接代词whowhichwhat和连接副词wherewhenwhyhow在从句中作相应成分Hecan’tanswerthequestionhowhegotthemoney.Thequestionwhoshouldgoabroadrequiresconsideration.IhavenoideawhichoneIshouldchoose.I’vegotaprettygoodideawhytheyleftearly.Thequestionwhereweshouldgohasnotbeendiscussed.IhavenoideawhenJackwillbeback.同位语从句与定语从句的区别Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望(定语从句)WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.我们表示希望他们再来中国访问(同位语从句)1)从语法角度上看,引导同位语从句的that是连词,只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何句子成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分2)从语义角度上看,同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系,表示hope的内容是theywouldcometovisitChinaagain因而同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词作补充说明;而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系,表示“…的”(他们曾经表示过的),起修饰作用,因此定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词3)同位语从句的连词that不能省略,而定语从句的关系代词that,当其在从句中作宾语中,可省略,作主语也不可省略I’veheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.I’veheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday.Thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy.Thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.Thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.。