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初高中英语语法衔接-----语态与时态动词时态英语的时态从时间上来看,可分为“现在”,“过去”,“将来“和”过去将来“四大类动词共有十六种不同时态,但常用的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时、将来完成时和将来进行时I.一般现在时1)经常性、习惯性的动作Igotoworkbybus.2)现在的特征或状态IamateacherandIteachEnglish.Ilovesports.3)普遍真理Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Waterboilsat100℃.
2、谓语构成1肯定句谓语用动词原形或第三人称单数Tom’sparents_____toworkbybikeeverydayLiTao_______Englisheverymorning.2否定句谓语用don’t/doesn‘t加动词原形构成I________notgetupatsixeverymorning.She____________notwatchTVintheevening3一般问句用Do或Does加陈述句(谓语动词用原形)---______he_______workinaplasticfactory---Nohedoesn’t.4特殊问句疑问词加一般问句---___________doyouwritetohim---Onceamonth.II.一般过去时
1、一般过去时用法句中常有表示过去的时间状语如yesterdayin1989oncelastweekmonthyearatthattimejustnow等1)表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态Heboughtanewbikelastweek.Theywereintheofficejustnow.2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作WhenIwasasmallchildIoftenwenttothatparkandplayedfootball.
2、谓语构成1)肯定句谓语用动词的过去式YesterdayI_____toashopand_______apen.2)否定句助动词didn’t加动词原形She________takeanymoneywithherthatday.3)一般问句助动词Did加陈述句(动词用原形)---____you_____tothecinemalastnight---NoIdidn’t.4)特殊问句疑问词+一般问句---___________youfindyourkey---I_______itundermydesk.III.一般将来时
1、一般将来时用法表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态IwillgotoTibetsomedaybyplane.Hewillbebusytonight.
2、谓语构成1)肯定句
(1)willdo(第一人称也可用shall)She__________backintwentyminutes.
(2)begoingtodoa.打算、计划做某事I_______________adictionarytomorrow.b.即将、眼看要发生Lookatthedarkclouds.It________________.
(3)按时刻表进行的可用现在时表示将来Theplane_________ataquarterpastnine.
(4)某些动词如comeleavegomovestartarrivestay等用进行时表示将来They_____________leavetomorrow.
(5)条件状语从句中,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时a.We______gototheparkifit__________notraintomorrow.b.We_______giveittohimwhenhe__________arrive.c.One____________notlearnEnglishwellunlesshe___________studyhard.2)否定句will/shall加not——won’t/shan’tHe________cometothepartytomorrow.3)一般问句将will提到句首(第一人称用shall)________yougototheSummerPalacewithus_________wehaveabreak4)疑问词+一般问句________________shallwemeetnexttime________ishegoingtodotomorrowafternoon_________willheturntoforhelp_________shallwedoifthereisnobusIV.现在进行时
1、现在进行时用法1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作Iamteachingandyouarelisteningtome.2)表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作Heiswritingabookthisweek.3)与always连用表示赞扬、不满等情绪Thegirlisalwayssmilinghappily.Youarealwaysmakingthesamemistake.
2、谓语构成be动词amisare+doingTom’smother___________watchTVandhisfather_____________readnewspaper.2)否定句在be动词后加not疑问句只需把be动词提到句首They_____________notplayfootball.They_____________playbasketball.---____she_______doherhomeworknow---Nosheisn’t.she___________writealetter.---Who____ourteacher______talkwith---He___________withmyfather.V.过去进行时
1、过去进行时用法表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamein.
2、谓语构成be动词waswere+doinga.She___________seeafilmwithherfriendthistimeyesterday.b.We____________footballwhenitbegantorain.VI.现在完成时
1、现在完成时用法1)表示动作已经完成(强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果)Ihavefinishedmywork.Hehasfoundhislostkey.2)表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态Theyhaveworkedinthatfactoryfortenyears.
2、谓语构成助动词havehas+doneWe__________onehundredappletreesthisyear.MissLi_________anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2)否定句在助动词havehas后加not——haven’thasn’tI______________notfinishreadingthenovel.Themeetingwillbegininfiveminutesbutshe_____________notcomeyet.3)一般问句把助动词havehas提到句首---______you______handinyourhomework---NoIhaven’t.---_____he_____tellyoutheexcitingnews---Yeshehas.
3、havebeen与havegone的区别HehasbeentoWashingtontwice.去过HehasgonetoWashington.去了(现在不在这里)VII.过去完成时
1、过去完成时构成had+doneWhenIgothomethey______getsupperready.Hesaidhe_________toJapantwice.
2、过去完成时用法表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作WhenIarrivedthefilm__________begin.They___________learnChineseforayearbeforetheycametoChina.He___________finishwritingthereportbytheendoflastmonth.Shetoldusherparents___________workinthehospitalfortwentyyears.VIII.过去将来时
1、过去将来时用法表示在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作HesaidhewouldvisitthePalaceMuseumthenextweek.
2、过去将来时构成would+动原或wasweregoingto+动原Hetoldmehe_________takemetotheUSthenextmonth.Theysaidthey______________notallowanyreportertoentertheirfactory.Wetoldherwe_________________sendhertoBeijing.动词语态动主动语态主语是动作的执行者词Wewatertheflowersonceaweek的Theycaughtthethiefstealingabike.语被动语态主语是动作的承受者态Theflowersarewateredonceaweek.Thethiefwascaughtstealingabike.
一、被动语态的构成be动词+done
二、各种时态的被动语态主动句变被动句a.主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语b.被动句的谓语由“be+原主动句谓语动词的过去分词”构成,由be体现时态(语态变了,时态不能变)c.主动句的主语变为by的宾语,可省略
1、一般现在时Thedustmencleanthestreeteverymorning.Thestreetiscleanedbythedustmaneverymorning.Thestreetiscleanedeverymorning.
2、一般过去时Wehidtheballbehindthedoorlastnight.Theball_________behindthedoorbyuslastnight.
3、一般将来时TheywillplantsomepinetreesintheparkSomepinetrees________________inthepark.
4、现在进行时Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeovertheriver.Anewbridge________________overtheriver.
5、过去进行时ThedoctorswereoperatingonhimwhenIarrived.He_______________________whenIarrived.
6、现在完成时Hehaspostedalltheletters.Alltheletters________________.7、情态动词must/can/may+be+过去分词Youmustreturnthebooktomorrow.Thebook________________tomorrow
1、双宾语一个变主语,另一个不动间宾前加介词MyfriendboughtmetwoEnglishbooks.I____________twoEnglishbooks.TwoEnglishbooks____________forme.
2、主动句中省去的to,被动句中要写出来Thebossmadetheworkers______14hoursaday.Theworkersweremade________14hoursaday.练习变被动语态
1.Sheaskedmetocomealittlelater.
2.Webuiltthishousein
2004.
3.Heshowedmethewaytothestation.
4.Youmustdoitrightnow.
5.Theyarebuildinganewlibrarynearourhome.
6.Theyhavegivenusaverydifficultjob..
7.Hewillshowusafewgoodfilms.
8.AlargenumberofpeoplecanspeakEnglishintheworldnow.
9.Wemustputthecomputerhere.
10.Atthattimetheytaughthimhowtocookthesevegetables.。