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高中状语从句复习状语从句是一种副词性从句,通常由一个从属连词或一个起连词作用的词组引导
1.时间状语从句由下列连词引导whenwhileasbeforeafteroncetilluntilonceassoonashardly…whenscarcely…whennosooner…than有一些表示时间的副词(短语)或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句另外如directlyinstantlyimmediatelybythetime,themomentthesecondtheminutetheinstanteverytimeeachtimenexttimethelasttime等也可引导状语从句区别1whenwhileas引导的时间状语从句的区别
(1)as表示“当……的时候”,往往和when/while通用,但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生
①ShecameupasIwascooking.同时
②WhenIwaswalkingdownthestreetIcameacrossanoldfriendofmine.在街上走时,碰到一位老朋友
(2)whenatorduringthetimethat既可以表示在某一点的时候,又可表示在某一段时间内,主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生
①Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.指时间点
②Whenwewereatschoolwewenttothelibraryeveryday.在一段时间内
③Whenwearrivedtherethefilmhadalreadybegun.先后发生
(3)While强调一段时间里,仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生,并且有延续意义,该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词,从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态;在when表示aperiodoftime时,两者可以互换
①Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhile/whenothersareworking.其他人工作时请不要大声讲话
②Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.读书时他睡着了
③WhiletheywerewatchingTVIwaspreparingmyselfforthecomingexamination.Strikewhiletheironishot.(趁热打铁!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)Makehaywhilethesunshines.不可用as或when,这里的while意思是“趁……”as表示主从句动作同时发生,所以常译作"一边…一边"Johnsingsasheworks.当When引出的时间状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用as引导的省略句来代替Whenhewasayoungman=Asayoungmanhewasfondofhunting.
2.原因状语从句由下列连词引导asbecausesincenowthat(既然,由于…)consideringthatseeingthat鉴于---下面几点值得注意1because语气最强,用于回答why的提问,可与强调词onlyjust以及否定词not连用但不可以与so连用Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.Hefailedbecausehewascareless.他因粗心而失败了because引导的从句可以被强调ItwasbecauseshewantedtostudyabroadthatsheenteredforTOEFL(强调句)2since引导的从句语气次于because引导的从句,常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因,或指人们已知的事实,比as正式一些常置于句首as语气最弱,其原因只是对结果的附带说明,一般放在句首Since/Nowthatnooneisagainstitlet’scarryouttheplan.Asalltheseatswerefullhestoodthere.所有的座位都满了他只好站那儿3for虽解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词,它也常引导句子表原因,但不是原因状语从句,它是一个并列句for所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明,表推测的理由ThedaywasshortforitwasDecember.Shemusthavecriedforhereyesarered.她一定哭过了,她眼睛红的
3.地点状语从句
(1)由下列连词引导:wherewhereveranywhereeverywhereYouarefreetogowhereveryoulike.你可以去你想要去的任何地方Anywherehewenthegotwarmwelcome.无论他走到哪儿,都收到热烈欢迎Wherethereisawillthereisaway.有志者事竟成(2地点状语从句与定语从句的区别where引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词;而状语从句前则无需先行词如Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.where引导地点状语从句)Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucamefrom.where引导定语从句修饰village
(3)地点状语从句的省略,如 Fillintheblankswitharticlesnecessary.necessary前省略了whereitis 在需要的地方填上冠词)【例解】[考题1]—Momwhatdidthedoctorsay —Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher. A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where[考题2]InpeacetootheRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp___thereishumansuffering. A.whoeverB.howeverC.whateverD.wherever[考题3]Ifyouaretraveling____thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourownpleasedoastheRomansdo.A.inwhichB.whatC.whenD.where
4.结果状语从句由下列连词引导that,so…that,such…that,sothat等注意以下几种结构
1.so+adj/adv+that…
2.sucha/an+adj+n+that…
3.so+adj+a/an+n+that=sucha/an+adj+n+that…
4.somany/much/few/little少+n+that…5such+adj+nu/pl+thatHespokesofastthatIcouldn’tfollowhim.他说的如此的快,我跟不上他Itwassuchalovelyday/solovelyadaythatweallwentswimming天气好,我们大家都去游泳了ItissuchniceweatherthatIwouldliketogotothebeach.天气如此之好,我想去海滩So或such置于句首时,主句常倒装Itwassuchalovelyday/solovelyadaythatweallwentswimming. =Suchalovelydaywasitthatweallwentswimming.注意以上结构与定语从句so/such…as的区别Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilmthateveryonewantstoseeit.Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilmaseveryonewantstosee.
5.目的状语从句由下列连词引导sothatinorderthatforfearthatincase等(注sothat也可用来引导结果状语从句)sothatinorderthat引导的目的状语从句中常需用情态动词sothat引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后,inorderthat引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后Wesetoutearlysothatwecouldseethesunrise.我们很早出发以便能看到日出Hesenttheletterbyairmailsothatitmightreachthemintime.他空邮这份信的以便他们能按时收到forfearthatincase引导的目的状语从句谓语动词要用shoulddo它们本身带有否定意义,相当于sothat--notinorderthat---notWehidbehindthebushesincase/forfearthatpassers-byshouldseeus.我们躲在丛林中以防过路人看见PleaseremindmeofitagaintomorrowincaseIforget.明天请再次提醒我以防我忘了
6.条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句(用在虚拟语气中)由下列连词引导ifunlesssupposesupposingprovidingthatprovidedthatgiventhatincaseonconditionthataslongassolongassofaras等1Unless=ifnotYouwillfailunlessyoustudyhard.除非努力否则你就要失败2supposesupposingprovidingthatprovidedthatgiventhat=ifSupposeIdon’thaveadayoffwhatshallIdoGiventhathesupportsuswe’llwintheelection.如果他支持我们,我们就会赢得选举3onconditionthataslongassolongas=onlyifAslongasyoudon’tloseheartyouwillsucceed.只要你不灰心,你就会成功4AsfarasIknowhecheatedintheexam.AsfarasI’mconcernedmakingmoneyisnottheonlypurposeoflife.
7.让步状语从句由下列连词引导althoughthoughasevenifeventhoughwhilewhether…orwhoeverwhateverhowevernomatter+疑问词等注意以下几点1althoughthough引导让步状语从句时,主句前不能用but但可以加yetstillThoughitwasraininghardyettheydidn’tstopworking.尽管下着大雨,他们仍然在工作2as引导让步状语从句时,必须用前置结构,通常是从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在句首,放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉Thoughheisachildheknowsalot.=Childasthoughheisheknowsalot.(在child前不要用冠词)Goodasheishewon’tbetopofclass.ThoughIlikeitverymuchIwon’tbuyit.=MuchasIlikeitIwon’tbuyit.Tryashewouldhecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.3whether---ornot引导的从句,提供两个对比的“尽管”情况,含有条件意味(Whetheryou)believeitornotitistrue.信不信由你,这是真的Whetheryoucomehereorwegotherethetopicofdiscussionwillremainunchanged.4疑问词+ever=nomatter+疑问词Whoeveryouareyoumustshowyourpass.无论你是谁,你都必须出示你的通行证Wheneveryoucomeyouarewelcome.无论你啥时来,都欢迎
8.方式状语从句由下列连词引导asasifasthoughtheway等AtRomewemustdoastheRomansdo.入乡随俗Doitthewayyouweretoldto.教你怎样做就怎样做HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.他对待我象陌生人一样注意以下几点1as引导方式状语从句时意义为“按照”,“如同”,前面常用加强语势Ididitjustasyoutoldme.=IdiditjustastoldtoHedidn’twinthematchasexpected.他没有像预料的一样赢得比赛2asif和asthough引导的从句中,谓语常用虚拟语气,有时也用陈述语气Itseemsasifitweregoingtorain.3连词while和whereas可表示对比Whereasheisratherlazysheisquiteenergetic.注意状语从句中的省略现象1连接词+过去分词Unlessrepairedthewashingmachineisnouse.Though_______ormanytimesDavidoftendrivesafterdrinking.A.tobewarnedB.havingbeenwarningCwarnedD.beingwarned2连词+现在分词Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet.3连词+形容词/其他常见的有ifnecessary、ifpossible、whennecessary、ifany等4比较状语从句中的省略句如Hearrivedhomehalfanhourearlierthanhehadbeenexpected.
9.比较状语从句常用引导词as同级比较than不同程度的比较特殊引导词themore…themore…;justas…,so…;AistoBwhat/asCistoD;no…morethan;notAsomuchasB Sheisasbad-temperedashermother. Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours. Themoreyouexercisethehealthieryouwillbe. Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.食物之于人,犹如油之于机器随堂练习
1.Timisingoodshapephysicallyhedoesntgetmuchexercise.A.ifB.eventhoughC.unlessD.aslongas
2.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday______accompaniedbyanadult.A.onceB.whenC.ifD.unless
3.youmayhaveyoushouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.A.HoweveraseriousproblemB.WhataseriousproblemC.HoweverseriousaproblemD.Whatseriousaproblem4.Becauseoftheheavytraffic,itwasalreadytimeforlunchbreakshegottoheroffice.A.sinceB.thatC.whenD.until
5.Johnthinksitwon’tbelongheisreadyforhisnewjob.A.whenB.afterC.beforeD.since
6.Todaywewillbegin________westoppedyesterdaysothatnopointwillbeleftout.A.whenB.whereC.howD.what
7.Don’tbeafraidofaskingyourteachersforhelp____itisneeded.A.as B.sinceC.unlessD.when
8.______thepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyonesincetheyhadnoexactproofaboutittheycouldnotarresthim.A.AlthoughB.AslongasC.IfonlyD.Assoonas
9.Thereare,________youdon’tmindmesayingso,severalproblemswiththisideaofyours.A.ifB.unlessC.althoughD.because
10.Ihaven’tseenAnnfor______longthatI’veforgottenwhatshelookslike.A.suchB.veryC.soD.too
11.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,______hiseyesightwasbeginingtofail.A.thoughB.forC.butD.so
12.Allthedishesinthismenu,__otherwisestated,willservetwotothreepeople.A.asB.ifC.thoughD.unlessBDCCCBDAACBD。