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高中英语语法定语从句总复习郴州资兴三中 李俊才 定义用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句
一、关系带词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 例1ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.例2ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.2.关系代词的用法1如果先行词是allmuchanythingsomethingnothingeverythinglittlenone等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which例如Allthepeoplethatareburstintotears.(所有人都迸出眼泪)2如果先行词被形容词最高级以及firstlastanyonlyfewmostnosomevery等词修饰,关系代词常用that不用whichwho,或whom 3非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelectionmostofwhom、arewelleducated.4which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this相似,并可以指人例如Hesucceededinthecompetitionwhichmadehisparentsveryhappy. 5that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中 6which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征.品性或才能的人Which引导的定语从句可以是限制性的,也可以是非限制性的7如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who8先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that9如果先行词是anyoneanybodyeveryoneeverybodysomeonesomebody关系代词应该用who或whom,不用which例如Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou(在这的所有人中谁和你一起去?)3.“介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构1“介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是inonaboutfromforwithtoatofwithout等,关系代词只可用whom或which不可用that 2fromwhere为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句例如Westoodatthetopofthehillfromwherewecanseethetown.. 3像listentolookatdependonpayattentiontotakecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开例如Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof. (这是她曾今照顾的孩子)
二、关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语
2.that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词whenwhere或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词,引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据 1弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词
3. 先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离例如ThisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatIspoketoyouabout..
四、As在定语从句中的用法
1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1)as多与such或thesame连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词(2)as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which例如Theelephant’snoseislikeasnakeasanybodycansee. 3)thesame…that与thesame…as在意思上是不同的2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后例如AsisexpectedtheEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.
五、英语定语从句专项练习单项填空1.Ithinkyou’regottothepoint_______achangeisneededotherwiseyou’llfail.A.when B.that C.where D.which2.Thehours_______thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.A.when B.that C.inwhich D.onwhich3.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.that B.bywhich C.which D.inwhich4.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.A.where B.which C.when D.that5.______isoftenthecasewehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.Which B.When C.What D.As6.______isreportedinthenewspapertalksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.It B.As C.That D.What7.Therearemanypeople_________onlyon-lineactivityissendingandreceivinge-mails.A.who B.that C.which D.whose8.EBayAmazonandWalMartarepopularwebsites_______peoplecansellgoodstoeachother.A.where B.which C.when D.whose9.Onhis10thbirthday.Martymanagestoescapefromthezooandgetsontothesubway_____hebelievesthathecangotothewild.A.which B.fromwhat C.throughwhich D.that10.Ihope________thelittle_____Ihavebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.A.that;that B./;bywhich C.what;what D./;withwhich11.Thefarmersusewoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrainsalltheyeararound.A.withwhich B.towhich C.which D.inwhich12.Thiswasafilm_________Spielbergusedrealactorsinsteadoftoys.A.which B.when C.inwhich D.there13.Thethoughtofgoinghometohisfamilywasallkepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.A.that B.what C.those D.which14.Acontainerweighsmoreafterairisputin_____provesthatairhasweight.A.as B.it C.that D.which15.—CanyoutellmewherePeterlives—Overthere.Thetwostoreyhouse_____thereisagarden.A.nearit B.fromwhich C.infrontofit D.infrontofwhich16.MissGreentookupthestoryatthepoint______thethiefhadjustmadeoffwiththejewels.A.where B.which C.as D.when17.—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp—Thereisnooneelse_______isthereA.whototurnto B.shecanturnto C.forwhomtoturn D.forhertoturn18.TheyearbeforelastpartofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloodsfrom_____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.that B.whose C.those D.what19.Nowadaysteenagersliketogotofastfoodrestaurants___asthenamesuggestseatingdoesn’ttakemuchtime.A.who B.where C.which D.what20.LaterIwanttoreturnhomebutcouldn’tfindacompany________Icoulduse_____Ihadlearnt.A.where;that B.where;what C.when;what D.that;that 高中总复习英语定语从句专项练习卷参考答案1.答案C解析where在此处引导定语从句2.答案B解析本题考查定语从句that引导的定语从句又在从句中作spend的宾语3.答案D解析由四个选项知该空格应填入定语从句的引导词,此句意义为peoplewereeatenbythetigerinthescene,所以先行词scene应该与介词in搭配4.答案A解析关系副词where引导定语从句,修饰trousers,并在定语从句中作地点状语全句意思为在她擦手的裤子上留下了污迹5.答案D解析从句意看,本题考查定语从句的用法,故首先排除C项由于when在定语从句中只能作时间状语,而题干中的定语从句缺主语,因而排除B项;as与which引导非限制性定语从句时,which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后,而as引导的定语从句可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,其中as表示“正如……那样”asisoftenthecase为固定词组,意为“这是常用的事;正如常见的情形”全句意思为“正如平常一样,我们已经制订出了工作计划”最佳答案D6.答案B解析由题干的结构及内容看,逗号之前,应为非限制性定语从句,故选B项全句意思为“正如报纸上报道的那样,两国之间的谈判取得了进展”若选A项,此句应为Itisreportedinthenewspaperthattalksbetweenthetwo...若选D项,此句应为Whatisreportedinthenewspaperisthattalksbetweenthetwo...7.答案D解析whose谁的,“有许多人,他们的上网活动只是发送和接收电子邮件”8.答案A解析考查定语从句where引导的定语从句,在从句中作状语9.答案C解析考查定语从句through为介词提前,构成gotothewildthrough...10.答案A解析句子成分分析第一个that引导宾语从句,第二个that引导定语从句,修饰thelittle11.答案D解析考查定语从句和省略句中省略了theywant;inwhich引导定语从句在从句中作地点状语12.答案C解析“在这部电影中”斯皮尔伯格用了真实的演员而不是玩具,故用inwhich引导定语从句13.答案A解析考查定语从句all为先行词,关系代词用that14.答案D解析考查非限制性定语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句指代前面整句话的意义15.答案D解析考查非限制性定语从句infrontofwhich“在……的前面”16.答案A解析考查定语从句where引导定语从句修饰先行词atthepoint17.答案B解析考查定语从句及省略完整形式为Thereisnooneelsethat/whoshecanturnto;turntosb.求助于某人18.答案B解析题意是“前年,东南亚部分地区遭遇了洪水灾害,至今人们还在受此影响”由题中的逗号可以判定出句子的后半部分是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是floods从句子的结构可看出,定语从句中只缺少定语,也就是说,先行词在从句中充当定语,所以引导词要用whose19.答案B解析本题考查定语从句;where引导定语从句,又在从句中作地点状语20.答案B解析where引导定语从句what引导宾语从句“在公司里我可以用到我所学的知识”句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句 代替人代替物代替人或物主语Whowhich 主语Whomwhichthat宾语Whose=ofwhomWhose=ofwhichthat 。