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1比较can和beableto1)can/could表示能力;可能(过去时用could)只用于现在式和过去式(could)beableto可以用于各种时态例如 Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告诉你消息了表示成功地做了某事时,用was/wereableto,不能用could例如HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.2)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)例如 ---CouldIhavethetelevisionon我能看电视吗? ---Yesyoucan./Noyoucan\‘t.可以/不可以3)在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑例如Hecouldn\’tbeabadman.他不大可能是坏人CouldhehelpusThegirlcouldn’thavestolenyourelectronicdictionary.•4) 有时会,hecanbedifficulttogetalongwitheventhoughheisgood 5)否定推测用can\t例如 IfTomdidn\tleavehereuntilfiveo\clockhecan\tbehomeyet. 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家2比较may和might1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may放在句首,表示祝愿例如 MayGodblessyou!愿上帝保佑你! Hemightbeathome.他可能在家注意might表示推测时,不表示时态,只是可能性比may小2)成语may/mightaswell,后面接不带to的不定式,意为\不妨\例如 Ifthatisthecasewemayaswelltry.如果情况确实如此,我们不妨试一试典型例题 Peter___comewithustonightbutheisn\tverysureyet. A.must B.may C.can D.will•3haveto•1haveto表示客观的需要,must表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要例如MybrotherwasveryillsoIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight. 弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来(客观上需要做这件事) Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作(主观上要做这件事)2) haveto有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务例如Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐3)否定结构中don\‘thaveto表示\“不必\”,mustn\’t表示\“禁止\”例如 Youdon\‘thavetotellhimaboutit. 你不一定要把此事告诉他 Youmustn\’ttellhimaboutit. •4must•Mustyoumakeanoiseintheclassroom•1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为\一定\ 2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行式例如 Youhaveworkedhardallday.Youmustbetired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了(对现在情况的推测判断) Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.他一定在办公室工作呢 3)must表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must要接完成式例如 Ididn\thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep. 我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了 4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must后面要接不定式的完成进行式例如 ---Whydidn\tyouanswermyphonecall为何不接我的电话? ---WellImusthavebeensleepingsoIdidn\thearit.唉,肯定在睡觉,所以没有听见•5Atthismomentourteachermustbecorrectingourexampapers.这时,想必我们老师正在批改试卷情态动词+动词现在进行时,表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测 1)情态动词+动词完成时,表示对过去情况的推测例如 Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了 2)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时,表示对过去正在发生事情的推测例如 Yourmothermusthavebeenlookingforyou.你妈妈一定一直在找你 3)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can\tcouldn\t表示例如Mikecan\thavefoundhiscarforhecametoworkbybusthismorning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的•may(might)have+donesthcan(could)have+donesth 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情例如 Philipmay(might)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.菲力浦可能在车祸中受了重伤 Philipcan(could)havepassedtheexambuthedidn’tstudyhard•4)musthave+donesth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有\肯定\,\谅必\的意思例如 ---Lindahasgonetoworkbutherbicycleisstillhere.琳达已经去上班了,但她的单车还在这儿 ---Shemusthavegonebybus.肯定乘巴士去的5oughttohavedonesthshouldhavedonesth表示本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做否定句表示\“不该做某事而做了\”例如 Yououghtto(should)havebeenmorecarefulinthisexperiment.你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点 Heoughtnottohavethrowntheoldclothesaway.他不该把旧衣服扔了(事实上已扔了) oughtto在语气上比should要强•Itisstrangethatheshouldhavespokentohisteacherinthisway.•6)needn\thavedonesth表示本没必要做某事,但做了例如IdressedverywarmlyforthetripbutIneedn\thavedoneso.Theweatherwashot.旅行时,我衣服穿得较多,其实没有必要那时天很热7)wouldliketohavedonesth表示本打算做某事,但没做例如 IwouldliketohavereadthearticlebutIwasverybusythen.我想读这篇文章,但太忙了一直没读•should和oughtto除了上述的用法,两者还可表示\“想必一定,按理应该\”的意思例如Ioughttobeabletoliveonmysalary.靠我的薪水,想必也能维持了Itoughttobereadynow.想必现在准备好了吧TheyshouldbetherebynowIthink.现在他们该到那儿了Thepoemsshouldbeoutinamonthatmost.诗集估计最多还有一个月就要出版•Don’tworry.Ihavesentanambulancetoyou.Theyshouldbethereanysecond•wouldratherdo wouldrathernotdo wouldrather…than… 宁愿…而不愿 还有wouldsoonerhadratherhadsooner都表示\“宁愿\”、\“宁可\”的意思例如 IfIhaveachoiceIhadsoonernotcontinuemystudiesatthisschool.如果有选择的余地,我宁可辍学离开这个学校 Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.我宁愿呆在这儿,而不愿回家典型例题----Shallwegoskatingorstayathome----Which___do A.doyourather B.wouldyourather C.willyourather D.shouldyourather答案B•Iwouldratheryouputyourheartintoyourstudies•1)---CouldIborrowyourdictionary ---Yesofcourseyou____. A.might B.will C.can D.should2)---ShallItellJohnaboutit ---Noyou___.I\vetoldhimalready. A.needn\t B.wouldn\t C.mustn\t D.shouldn\t3)---Don\tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow. ---______. A.Idon\t B. Iwon\t C.Ican\t D.Ihaven\t•比较need和dare 这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句need作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时后面的to时常可以被省略1)实义动词need(需要要求)need+n./todosth/doing2)情态动词need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为neednot例如 Needyougoyet你要走了吗? YesImust./NoIneedn\t.是的,我要走了/不,不急着走•Dare/darenot•Dareyougooutaloneatnight•NoIdarenot.•Ididn’tknowwhetheryoudaredsaythattotheteacher.•其他用法•1cannotbutchoose=haveto•Icannotbutchoosetogo.•2cannever..enough/can’t..toomuch•Ican’tthankyoutoomuch.•Youcanneverbecarefulwhencrossingthestreet.专项练习1--Noone_____becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.--Ohyouarereallyhisbigfan.AcanBneedCmustDmight
2.It____bethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlysixo’clock.Amustn’tBcan’tCwon’tDneedn’t
3.Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthelostchildbutthey’redoingallthey_____.AcanBmayCmustDshould
4.–Ileftmyhandbagonthetrainbutluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.--Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imeansomeone_____it.AwillhavestolenBmighthavestolenCshouldhavestolenDmusthavestolen5Althoughthis____soundlikeasimpletaskgreatcareisneeded.AmustBmayCshallDshould6Ifyou____goatleastwaituntilthestormisover.AcanBmayCmustDwill7You____parkhere!It’sanemergencyexit.Awouldn’tBneedn’tCcouldn’tDmustn’t8You____buyagiftbutyoucanifyouwantto.AmustBmustn’tChavetoDdon’thaveto9Asyouknowalthoughtherearenoclassesonweekendsnownostudents_____gooutoftheschoolwithouttheheadmaster’spermission.AwillBmustCmayDshall10They_____havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.AwillBcanCmustDshould11–Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight--Iwantedtobutmymomsimply_____notletmeoutsolatenight.AcouldBmightCwouldDshould12There’snolighton—they____beathome.Acan’tBmustn’tCneedn’tDshouldn’t13–TomcametoworklastFridaybutnoonehasseenhimsince.--_____hehavehadanaccidentAShouldBMustCMightDCould14–ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow--Iamafraidyou____incasehecomeslateforthemeetingAwillBmustCmayDcan15Liza_____wellnotwanttogoonthetrip---shehatestravelling.AwillBcanCmustDmay16Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy;they____justbequietpeople.AmustBmayCshouldDwould17Johnlookatthetime.____youplaythepianoatsuchalatehourAMustBCan’tCMayDNeed18You_____scoldsuchapupilwhoalwayskeepssilentsoseriouslythatyou____hurthim.Ashould;canBmay;willCmustn’t;mayDcan’t;must19Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforhealthbutit_____beregularexercise.AcanBwillCmustDmay20“You_____haveawrongnumber”shesaid.“There’snooneofthatnamehere.”AneedBcanCmustDwould21We____John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.AwillputBwillhaveputCwouldputDwouldhaveput22–MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom--Noyou_____.Youreaditinhere.Amightn’tBwon’tCneedn’tDmustn’t23—Whatdoyouthinkwecandoforouragedparents--You_____doanythingexcepttobewiththemandbeyourself.Adon’thavetoBoughttoCmustn’tDcan’t
24.I_____havewatchedthatmovie---it’llgivemehorribledreams.Ashouldn’tBneedn’tCcouldn’tDmustn’t25–Idon’tcarewhatpeoplethink.--Wellyou_____.AcouldBwouldCshouldDmight26Myunclewaspoorbutlikedfashionsohe_____dressupasarichman.AcouldBwouldCshouldDmight27Hemusthavefinishedhishomeworklastnight_____heAmustn’tBdidn’tCneedn’tDhasn’t28Ican’tleave.ShetoldmethatI_____stayhereuntilshecomesback.AcanBmustCwillDmay29Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_____beleftforashorttimeespeciallyatarailwaystation.AshouldBcanCmustDwill30Thetrafficisheavythesedays.I____arriveabitlatesocouldyousavemeaplaceAcanBmustCneedDmight31There_____beanydifficultypassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.Amustn’tBshan’tCshouldn’tDneedn’t。