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高中英语语法重点难点回顾
1.主谓一致常考难题Fiveminutesisenoughtodothisexercise.Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeopleinfuture.Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时谓语通常用复数形式glassesclothestrousersshoescompasseschopsticksscissors等但如果主语用akindofapairofaseriesof等加名词构成时谓语动词一般用单数形式Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时谓语动词用单数形式这时and后面的名词没有冠词例如:Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Thegirlsteacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.当主语后面跟有aswellasasmuchasnolessthanalongwithwithlikeratherthantogetherwithbutexceptbesidesincludinginadditionto等引导的词组时其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定例如:Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasexcited.Theroomwithitsfurniturewasrented.Agreatnumberof修饰可数复数名词谓语动词用复数;agreatdealofalargeamountof修饰不可数名词其短语作主语时谓语动词用单数关系代词whothatwhich等在定语从句中作主语时其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致例如:Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称,球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词1/2oneahalf1/4oneaquarter
2.形容词的顺序系动词be,grow,get,become,feel,appear,prove,seem,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,turn,remain限定词+数量形容词序数词在前,基数词在后+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料Thosethreebeautifullargesquareoldbrownwoodtable某些以a-开首的形容词例如afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awakealive等只能作表语不能作定语某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,likely,deadly,silly,orderlytimely等1close接近地 closely仔细地,密切地2free免费地 freely自由地无拘束地3hard努力地 hardly几乎不4late晚,迟 lately近来5most极非常 mostly主要地6wide广阔地,充分地widely广泛地7high高 highly高度地,非常地8deep深,迟 deeply抽象意义的“深”9loud大声地 loudly大声地含有喧闹的意思10near邻近 nearly几乎
3.比较级,最高级表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even,alot,abit,alittle,still,much,faryetbyfar等修饰Heworksevenharderthanbefore.注意:byfar通常用于强调最高级用于比较级时一般放在比较级的后面如放在前面应在二者中间加“the”Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替thansuperior,junior,senior等HeissuperiortoMr.Wanginmathematics.在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用thatthose,oneones代替前面出现的名词that指物,one既可指人,也可指物that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词例如Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthatonthedesk.Aboxmadeofironisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:Aisthreefouretc.timesthesizeheightlengthwidthetcofB.Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesizetheheightoftheoldone.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大四倍高[高三倍]Aisthreefouretc.timesasbighighlongwideetc.asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大Aisthreefouretc.timesbiggerhigherlongerwiderthanB.例如:Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍表示两倍可以用twice或double表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级
4.sosuch如果复数名词前有many、few,不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时,该用so而不用such如IvehadsomanyfallsthatImblackandblueallover.Mr.Whitegotsolittlemoneyamonththathecouldhardlykeepbodyandsoultogether.但little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时仍用such如:Theyaresuchlittlechildrenthatthetheycannotcleanthehousebythemselves.
5.almost与nearly在veryprettynot后用nearly不用almost例如Imnotnearlyready.在anynononenever前用almost不用nearly例如Ialmostneverseeher.
6.情态动词need表示“需要”或“必须”作情态动词时仅用于否定句或疑问句中在肯定句中一般用musthavetooughtto或should代替例如Youneedntcomesoearly.NeedIfinishtheworktoday--Yesyoumust.注意neednthavedone“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”例如Youneednthavewaitedforme.“shouldhavedone”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到Youshouldhavestartedearlier.“oughttohavedone”表示过去应做某事而实际未做Yououghttohavehelpedhimbutyoudidnt书报的标题小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时表示感觉愿望和状态的某些动词如havebehearseelike等词一般不用进行时
7.主动结构表被动有些动词形式上是主动结构但表示被动的意思常见的有可和welleasily等副词连用的不及物动词sellwashwritereadcleancook等例如Theclothwasheswell.这布很经洗Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销Thepenwriteswell.这支笔很好写
8.虚拟语气的结构“should+动词原形在动词arrangecommanddemanddesireinsistorderproposerequestrequiresuggest等后面的宾语从句中用“should+动词原形”虚拟语气例如Wesuggestedthatweshouldhaveameeting.Weinsistedthattheyshouldgowithus.Thedoctororderedthatsheshouldstayinbedforafewdays.Hedemandedthatweshouldstartrightaway.作adviceideaorderdemandplanproposalsuggestionrequest等名词的表语从句和同位语从句其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“should+动词原形”例如WeallagreedtohissuggestionthatweshouldgotoBeijingforsightseeing.Myideaisthatweshoulddoexercisesfirst.
9.+to在feelhearnoticeobserveseewatchhaveletmake等词后的补足语中不定式不带to但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时就必须带to例如Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.注意不定式动词在介词butexceptbesides后面时如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式那么这些介词后的不定式不带to否则要带to.如Shecoulddonothingbutcry.WhatdoyouliketodobesidesswimIhavenochoicebuttogo.
10.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等不定式后面须有相应的介词例如Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.There/Itisnouse/good/notanyuse/good/uselessdoingsth.
10.动词后可以用动名词作宾语但不能用不定式:admitappreciateavoidconsiderdelayenjoyescapeexcusefeellikefinishforgivegiveupimagineincludekeepmentionmindmisspracticeputoffresistrisksuggestcanthelpcantstand无法忍受等Itriednottogothere.我设法不去那里Itrieddoingitagain.我试着又干了一次]meantodo有意...meandoing意味着...Imeantocomeearlytoday.我打算今天早些来Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时
11.动词needrequirewant作“需要”解其后跟动词作它的宾语时若表示的含义是被动的必须用动名词或不定式的被动式例如Thewindowneedsrequireswantscleaningtobecleaned.在短语devotetolookforwardtopayattentiontosticktobeusedtoobjecttothankyouforexcusemefor等后的动词也必须用动名词形式Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Badlypollutedthewatercannotbedrunk.原因Beingwritteninhastethecompositionisfullofmistakes.原因强调写的过程故应用现在分词一般被动式Havingbeendesertedbyhisguidehecouldntfindhiswaythroughthejungle.为了强调已完成的动作AskedtostayIcouldntverywellrefuse.这里asked可能意味着havingbeenasked也可能意味着when/sinceIwasasked但用了havingbeenasked就不会有歧义下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同,所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完成被动式例如CoveredwithconfusionIlefttheroom.我很窘地离开了房间Unitedwestand;dividedwefall.团结则存,分裂则亡HeusedtoliveinLondonusednthe/didntheThereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewarusedntthere/didntthereSuchthingsoughtnottobeallowedoughttheyHeoughttobepunishedoughtnthe但在正式文体中用oughtwenot形式例如:Weoughttogooughtwenot或Weoughttogoshouldwenot
12.含有情态动词must的句子表示推则作“想必”解时疑问部分不可用mustnt若前句强调对现在情况的推测疑问部分用arentisnt十主语例如Youmustbetiredarentyou若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时附加疑问句部分则用neednt例如Youmustgohomerightnowneedntyou当mustnt表示禁止时附加疑问部分一般用must如Youmustntwalkongrassmustyou前句谓语动词是musthave+过去分词时若前句强调对过去情况的推测一般有过去时间状语疑问部分的谓语动词用didnt+主语;若前句强调动作的完成疑问部分的谓语动词用haventhasnt+主语例如HemusthavemetheryesterdaydidntheYoumusthaveseenthefilmhaventyou陈述句谓语部分出现否定词缀时前缀或后缀疑问部分仍用否定结构例如:Heisunfitforhisofficeisnthe如果陈述部分包含有noneverhardlyseldomfewlittlenowherenothing等否定或半否定词时疑问部分用肯定形式例如Heishardly14yearsoldishe如果陈述部分的主语为everyonesomeonenoone等不定代词其疑问部分的主语可用he也可用theyEveryoneknowshisjobdoesntheEveryoneknowstheirjobdonttheyNoonewashurtweretheyImlatearentIOnecantbetoocarefulcanoneyouHaveacupofteawillyouLetsgothereshallweLetusgotherewillyou
13.同位语从句跟在名词后面进一步说明该名词的具体内容引导同位语从句的名词主要有factnewspromiseideatruth等连接词用that不用which及连接副词howwhenwherewhy等例如Hisdelayisduetothefactthatthecarwentwronghalfway.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.Sheaskedthereasonwhytherewasadelay.
14.关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下:A在表语从句和同位语从句中例如Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.Thenewswhetherourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.B在主语从句中只有用it作形式主语时whether和if都能引导主语从句否则也只能用whether例如Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasntbeendecidedyet.Ithasntbeendecidedwhetherifweshallattendthemeeting.C在介词之后介词往往可以省略例如Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.D后面直接跟动词不定式时Hedoesntknowwhethertostayornot.E后面紧接ornot时Wedidntknowwhetherornotshewasready.F引导让步状语从句只能用whetherWhetheryoulikeitornotyoumustdoitwell.G用if会引起歧义时例如Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikeit.该句有两个意思“请告诉我你是否喜欢”或“如果你喜欢请告诉我”用了whether就可以避免
15.在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句1先行词是不定代词allfewlittlemuchsomethingnothinganything等Allthatwehavetodoistopracticeeveryday.2先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.3先行词被allanyeveryeachfewlittlenosome等修饰Ihavereadallthebookthatyougaveme.4先行词被theonlytheverythesamethelast修饰时HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.5先行词既有人又有物时Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.
16.先行词是表示地点时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的如果是及物的就用thatwhich否则用whereThisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.Thisisthehousethatwhichhevisitedlastyear.用nosooner…than和hardly…when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”
17.倒装主句中的动词一般用过去完成时从句用过去时;而且主句一般倒装把助动词had提到前面例如HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenIheardaloudnoise.代词作主语时主谓语序不变Hereitis.Herehecomes.当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时也常常引起全部倒装Southofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.Fromthevalleycameafrighteningsound.表语置于句首时倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhiteProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.GonearethedayswhentheycoulddowhattheylikedtotheChinesepeople.AmongthegoodsareChristmastreesflowerscandlesandtoys.HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.LiWeicantanswerthequestion.NeithercanI.部分倒装用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句Hadyoureviewedyourlessonsyoumighthavepassedtheexamination.用于“形容词或名词、动词+asthough引导的让步状语从句中例如Prettyassheissheisnotclever.Tryashewouldhemightfailagain.如果从句的表语是名词其名词前不加任何冠词Childashewashehadtomakealiving.用于nosooner…than…hardly…when和notuntil的句型中Notuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishhishomework.用于neverhardlyseldomscarcelybarelylittleoftenatnotimenotonlynotonce等词开头的句子NevershallIdothisagain.Littledidheknowwhothewomanwas.
6.用于以only开头的句子only修饰副词介词短语或状语从句时OnlythisafternoondidIfinishthenovel.OnlyinthiswaycanyoumasterEnglish.OnlywhenhetoldmedidIrealizewhattroublehewasin.如果only后面的词组不是状语则不用倒装OnlyWangLingknowsthis.用于某些表示祝愿的句子Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!
18.名词复数stomach-stomachs,aGerman-threeGermansanAmerican-twoAmericans,mancook-mencooks;papers报纸文件 manners礼貌 drinks饮料inaword简言之inotherwords换句话说havewordswith与某人吵嘴haveafewwordsawordwithsb.与某人说几句话Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives.某些集体名词如peoplepolicecattle等只当复数看待谓语动词必须用复数Thepolicearesearchingforhim.选校网高考频道专业大全历年分数线上万张大学图片大学视频院校库按ctrl点击打开。