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高中二年级英语学案Units9-10B2【知识网络】
一、重点词汇与短语1.stress
(1)stress作“强调;着重”解时是及物动词可以构成被动语态.例如:MumstressedthatJackyshouldbehomebyteno’clock.妈妈强调杰基一定要在十点钟之前回家.
(2)stress作名词表示:“重音;重读”之意时一般为可数名词可以在前面加不定冠词.其复数形式为stresses.后接介词on.例如:Thestressisonthefirstpartoftheword.这个词的重音在前半部
(3)stress作名词表示“压力;压迫”之意时既可为可数名词也可为不可数名词.例如:Hisvacationfreedhimfromthestressofhisjob.他的假期使他消除了工作所带来的紧张
(4)同义词:pressuren压力反义词:moderatev.缓和2.如何表达“不但...而且”英语中表达“不但...而且”可以用以下几种方式:notonly...butalso;notjust...butalso;notmerely...but...aswell;notonly...too.例如:“他不仅是一个诗人而且是一位画家”一句可以有多种翻译Heisnotonlyapoetbutalsoanartist.Heisnotjustapoetbutalsoanartist.Heisnotmerelyapoetbutanartistaswell.Heisnotonlyapoetbutanartisttoo.3.asif/though好像;似乎asif/though是从属连词引导方式状语从句或表语从句在使用时应注意:
(1)asif/though引导的从句所表示的情况不是事实而且如果是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻时谓语动词通常用虚拟语气.例如:ThespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.他说起英语来好像是英国人似的Themachineworksasthoughitwereoperatedbyaman.这台机器工作起来就好像有人操作一样.
(2)常与feelseemlook连用等于连词that其主语一般是it如果表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性谓语动词通常用陈述语气.例如:Wehavemissedthebus.Itlooksasifwewillhavetowalk.我们没有赶上公共汽车看来我们得步行了.
(3)后面可接现在分词过去分词不定式或形容词等短语这类结构实际上是一个省略从句.例如:Heclearedhisthroatasthoughtosaysomething=asthoughheweretosaysomething.他清了清嗓子好像要说什么似的Thewomansetuponthethiefasifmad=asifsheweremad那妇女发疯似地扑向小偷.
二、词义辨析1.subjectthemetitle和topic
(1)subject指“题目;课题”用途很广.多指讨论研究的对象.例如:“Laserprocessing”isthesubjectoftheseminar.课堂讨论的题目是“激光处理”.
(2)theme“主题”一般指文学作品音乐作品等的主题.例如:Loveisamajorthemeofhispoetry.他的诗的一个重要主题是爱情.
(3)title多指书籍等的“标题”一般用于具体印刷或发行的文学作品书籍影片等.例如:ThefulltitleofthebookisgonewiththeWind.这本书的全名是《飘》.title有时当“称号”讲.例如:Hedeservesthetitlepoetlabourheroetc.他配称为诗人劳动英雄等
(4)topic“题目”特别指谈话讨论.演讲作文等的题目.例如:That’snotafittopiconthetalk.这个报告的题目欠妥.2.asleepsleeping和sleepy的区别这组词的共同意思是“睡”.其区别是:
(1)asleep和sleepy主要用作表语asleep的意思是“睡着的;而sleepy的意思是“想睡的”.例如:Thearmyattackedatnightwhentheenemywasasleep.在夜间敌人熟睡时军队发起了攻击.Thechildwassleepyhisheadwasnodding.这孩子太困了他正在打盹.
(2)用作定语时asleep和sleeping表示“睡着的”;asleep常后置当其前有修饰语时也可前置;sleeping一般前置;sleepy用作定语时意思是“想睡的昏昏欲睡的”.例如:Themanasleepismuchill.睡着的那个人病得很重.Thosefastasleeppeoplewerewakedupbytheterriblescreams.熟睡着的人们都被可怕的尖叫声吵醒了.Shelookedatthesleepingboy.她看着那个睡着的男孩.Thatsleepyfellowseemstohavealottosay.那个贪睡的家伙似乎有很多话要说.
三、重点句型1.Andifpovertyislessofaproblemandpeoplearebettereducatedthereisagoodchancethatwewillseelessviolenceandfewerwars.如果贫穷的问题有所改善如果人民能受到更好的教育我们身边的暴力和战争就会减少.thereisachancethat…是一固定句式意为“有可能会……”此时chance是可数名词作“可能;可能性”解.如:Thereisagoodchancethatourteamwillwinthegame.与此句式意义相同的还有:Chancesarethat….如:Chancesarethathehasalreadyarrived.lessviolenceandfewerwars更少的暴力和更少的战争其中的less修饰不可数名词fewer修饰复数名词.如:I’dliketodotheworkwithlessmoneyandfewerpeople.2.Withoutinternationalcooperationdevelopingcountriescannotpropernorwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible.没有国际合作发展中国家就不能繁荣起来可持续发展也就会成为不可能.nor引出一个分句分句的谓语动词要用部分倒装该分句常放在一个否定句后意为“也不;也没有”.如:Idon’tknowaboutitnordoIcare.注在现代英语中,nor引出的分句也可放在一个肯定句后3.Helookedmoreasleepthandead.他看上去像是睡着了而不像是死了.more…than…此处作连词使用可以连接两个形容词意为“是……而不是……;与其说是……不如说是……”用以比较两种说法的正确程度表示前一种说法比后一种说法更正确一些.Iwasmoreangrythanfrightened.注此时“more+形容词”不能以“形容词加-er后缀形式”出现.例如不能说:Iwasangrierthanfrightened.
四、语法复习一倒装句倒装有两种情况:部分倒装助动词提前放在主语之前和完全倒装主语和谓语完全倒置.人们使用倒装句一是为了句子的需要;二是为了语法结构的需要.1.全部倒装
(1)heretherenowthen等副词置于句首谓语动词常用becomegolierun等表示来去或状态的动词.如:Thencamethechairman.Hereisyourletter.
(2)表示运动方向的副词outinupdownaway开头的句子以示强调.如:Outrushedthechildren.Awaywenttheboy.但主语是人称代词时主语和谓语的语序不变.如:Awayshewent.
(3)介词短语作状语提前放句首采用全部倒装.如:Aroundhisneckwasabrownsnake.Atthefrontofthehallsattheheadmaster.2.部分倒装
(1)句首为否定或半否定的词如nonotneverseldomlittlehardlyatnotimeinnowaynotuntil…等.如:NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.当notuntil引出主从复合句主句倒装从句不倒装.注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装
(2)soneithernor等词放句首部分倒装.如:Helikesvolleyballverymuch.SodoI.Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neitherhashe.
(3)only所修饰的副词介词短语或状语从句放在句首时部分倒装.如:Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.Onlywhenheisseriouslyilldoesheeverstayinbed.
(4)在therebe结构中Therewillbeabasketballmatchthisafternoon.
(5)直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时有时也用倒装.如:“Itlooksasifatyphooniscomingon”saidthecaptain.
(6)在虚拟语气条件中谓语动词有werehadshould等词可将if省略把werehadshould移到主语之前采用部分倒装.如:WereIyouIwouldtryagain.
(7)asthough引导的倒装句进行倒装时必须将表语或状语提前但需注意句首名词不带任何冠词.如:Youngasheisheisverybrave.
(8)在so…that句型中的so位于句首时需倒装.如:Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.
(9)某些表示祝愿的句型中.如Mayyouallbehappy.
(二)省略句1.省略句的定义省略是为了避免重复突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段.省略在语言中尤其在对话中是一种十分普遍的现象.2.省略的应用
(1)在由and连接的句子中为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组.
1.省略共同的主语或宾语.如:Mr.SmithpickedupacoinintheroadandMr.Smithhandedittoapoliceman
2.若主语不同而谓语助动词情态动词相同则省略后面的助动词或情态动词如:JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMarymusthavebeendoingherhomework.
3.若主语与谓语动词相同则省略后面的主谓成分.如:HisadvicemademehappybuthisadvicemadeJimangry.
4.若主语不同但主要动词及后续部分相同则省略主要动词及后续部分.如:Iwasborninwinterin1988andBobwasborninwinterin
1989.5省略重复的介词连词及后续部分.如:Hewaslatebecausehehadoversleptandbecausehehadmissedthetrain.
(1)省略介词1一些常用的动词名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略而保留其后的动名词.常见句型有:spend/wastetimeindoinghavedifficulty/troubleindoingit’snouse/goodindoingbebusyindoingstop/preventsbfromdoing如:Hespentfourhoursingoingoverhislessons.2表示时间的介词aton和in用在nextlastthistheseyesterdaytomorrowoneanyeveryeachsomeall等词之前一般都省略;表示一段时间的时间状语之前的for也可省略.如:Wehavebeenhereforthreeyears.否定句中不可省略Hediditinthisway.3.动词不定式省略只保留to的场合
(1)不定式动作某些动词的宾语时.常见动词如:likelovecarehopewishexpectpreferrefusemeantrypersuadeagreewantaffordforgetremembermanage等.如:Youcandoitinthiswayifyouliketo.
(2)不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾语或主语补足语时.常见动词如:asktelladviseforcepersuadewishallowpermitexpectorderwarn等如:Shewantstocomebutherparentswon’tallowherto.
(3)不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时.常见形容词如:happygladeageranxiouswillingready等.如:Ithinksheshouldgetajobbutyoucan’tforceherofshe’snotreadyto.
(4)不定式作某些复合谓语时.常见结构如:beabletobegoingtohavetooughttousedto等.如:Hedoesn’tlikefishbutheusedto.4.动词不定式符号to的省略
(1)主语部分有todo系动词是is或was时作表语的不定式常省略to.如:Theonlythingyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.
(2)作介词butexpectbesides的宾语时前面有实义动词do时常省略不定式符号to.如:Tomhadnothingtodobesidesanswerlettersthismorning.
(3)当两个或多个不定式并列时其后的不定式符号可省略但有对比关系时则不省略.如:Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.
(4)主语部分暗含todo表示中的不定式符号to可省略.如:AllIwanttodoistogotoschoolandstudyhard.
(5)在wouldrathernotdohadbetternotdo等结构中不定式也不带to.如:Iwouldratherstayathomethangotothecinema.
(6)在seewatchnoticehearlistentofeelletmakehave等词后作宾补时省略.如:Didyounoticeherentertheroom5.状语从句中的省略
(1)在whenwhilewheneverthoughasif等引导的状语从句中若谓语有be.主语跟主句主语相同或同是it时则从句的主语和be常被省略.如:Wheneverpossiblehewillcometohelp.
(2)虚拟条件句常省略if将werehadshould提前构成部分倒装.如:Shouldtherebeafloodwhatshouldwedo6.定语从句与名词性从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中作宾语用的关系代词whomwhichthat常可省略.如:Thegirlwhom/thattheteacherspoketoisLiuYing.
(2)在knowthinkconsidersupposefindbelievesaydecide等动词后接宾语从句时连词that可省略;或带有多个宾语从句只有第一个that可省略其于的不能.如:Hesaidthatthetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.
(3)由whichwhenwherehow和why引导的宾语从句可全部或部分省略.如:Hewillcomebackbuthedoesn’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.
(4)在suggestinsistrequest等词相关的名词性从句中须用should+动词原形should可省略.如:Itissuggestedthatweshouldgotoseethefilm.7.复合句中的特殊省略现象
(1)主句省略多用于句首.如:ItisapityThatIdidn’tgotoMary’sbirthdaypartyyesterday.ItthereAnythingIcandoforyou
(2)省略一个从句或从句的一部分可用so或not代替.如:---Ithefeelingbettertoday---I’mafraidnot.
(3)比较级的省略.在含有比较级的句子中为避免重复常把表示同级比较的as或比较级的than连同它们后面的部分省略但as或than后带有主语或宾语则不能省略.如:Howbeautifullyshesings!I’veneverheardabettervoicethanthatofhers.8.会话中的省略会话中的省略最常见会话中可省略主语宾语表语谓语甚至整个主句.如:ItSoundsreasonableisn’titComeThiswayplease---Doyoulikethebook---YesIlikethebookverymuch.【考点透视考例精析】[考点]whilewhen用作连词引导时间状语从句[考例1]Don’tbeafraidofaskingforhelp__________itisneeded.A.unlessB.sinceC.althoughD.when[点拨]选Dwhen“当…的时候”.根据句意由when引导时间状语从句符合语境.[考例2]Wewereswimminginthelake________suddenlythestormstarted.A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before[点拨]选A.when和while都有“当…的时候”“正在做某事突然发生另一件事”这种语境中要用when不用while.例如:Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark_____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.上海2004A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.once答案为:A.[考点]morethan超过比…多;notmorethan不超过;nomorethan仅仅只不过;as…as…和…一样;notas/so…as和…不一样.[考例3]HespeaksEnglishwellindeedbutofcoursenot_____anativespeaker.A.asfluentasB.morefluentthanC.sofluentlyasD.muchfluentlythan[点拨]选C.AB选项没用副词形式.D项没用比较级形式.【基础演练】
一、根据所给首字母或括号中的汉语意思填写句子空格中所缺的单词1.Themanagerofthecompanyshoulddosomethingtopreventsuchathing0______again.2.Theexperimentwasi______becausethewatersupplywascutoff.3.Jackwaspunishedforthebrokenvaset______nofaultofhisown.4.Theletteriswronglya______soitcan’treachthereceiver.5.Smokingiss______forbiddeninchemicalfactoriesandgasstations.6.OhGod!Theoldman’sfallenoffhisbicycle.______希望he’snotbadlyhurt.7.Inthosedaysyouhadto______摇ahandletoproduceenoughelectricitytomakeyourphonecall.8.Theweddingpartywasdelayedbecauseofthelate______到达oftheministerwhowouldmarrythenewcouple.9.Therebeing100studentssingingattheconcertyou’dbetterhavea______指挥tokeepthemintime.10.So______决心wasthedisabledyoungmantostudythatamixeduniversityofferedhimanentranceprize.
二、单项填空1.Sheneverwentagain______toapologize.A.orsheeverwroteB.nordidshewriteC.norsheeverwroteD.ordidshewrite2.Theyhavebeentryingtoarriveatapracticalsolution______theproblem.A.inB.toC.onD.with3.Iftherewere______trafficonthestreets______deathswouldbecaused.A.less;lessB.fewer;fewerC.less;fewerD.fewer;less4.Heusedtohaveadictionaryclose______whenhereadnewspapersormagazines.A.byhandB.withhandC.athandD.inhand5.Theyurgedthatthelibrary______openduringthevacationA.waskeptB.wouldbekeptC.iskeptD.bekept6.Wewereat______workintheworkshopwhenallof______suddenthelightswentout.A.不填;不填B.the;不填C.不填;aD.the;the7.Sheglancedaboutnowandthen______tomakesureshewasnotbeingfollowed.A.sothatB.asthoughC.evenifD.incase8.Wemustgettotheairportinhalfanhour.Pleaseorderacar______readyatonce.A.makeB.madeC.tomakeD.making9.Onlythen________howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.[06全国卷Ι]A.sherealizedB.shehadrealizedC.hadsherealizedD.didsherealize10.Whenyouarereadingfastyoureyeswillbeoneortwowordgroupsaheadof______yourmindistakingin.A.othersB.theothersC.oneD.theone【能力拓展】完形填空Myfirstjobwasinwhattheycallthecitycenter.The1waslargedarkandold2thephysicslectureroomwasonthesecondfloor.3itwasn’talectureroomatallitwasanordinaryroombutithad“LECTUREROOM”onthe
4.Thestudentsweresixteenorseventeenyearsold5severalyearsyoungerthanme.6someofthemlookedandacted7olderthanmesometimes.Theroomwasdirectly8thestreetandhadthewindowlookingoutoverthestreetandmanyhouses.OnedayIwas9someworkontheblackboardwhenIheardasuddenchangeinthenoisebehindme.Therewasamanstandingintheroomwith10anappleinhishand.Helooked
11.“Whothrewthis”heaskedlookingroundtheclass.“Ibegyourpardon”Isaid.Wasthistheschoolinspector督学12threwthisappleoutofthewindow”hesaid.“It13onmycar.”“Whothrewanappleoutofthewindow”I14totheclass.Therewasnoanswer.“I15thefellowwhothrewthis.”saidtheman.“I16outsideforyou.”Andthenheleftslammingthedoor.17wassilenceandIcontinuedwiththelesson.Attheendofeverylessonabellrangusuallytheclasswereall18beforeitfinishedringingleavingmesaying“That’sallfortoday”toanempty
19.Thistimewhenthebellwentfortheendofthelessonnoone
20.“That’sallfortoday”Isaid.“Yougofirstsir.”saidoneoftheboys.Itmadeanicechangebeingfirstout.1.A.roomB.buildingC.floorD.city2.A.andB.asC.soD.but3.A.HappilyB.LuckilyC.ProperlyD.Actually4.A.floorB.groundC.doorD.window5.A.overB.onlyC.upD.almost6.A.InfactB.IntheendC.AfterallD.Asaresult7.A.moreB.lessC.veryD.even8.A.onB.aboveC.belowD.in9.A.gettingB.makingC.takingD.putting10.A.hardlyB.almostC.halfD.such11.A.angryB.kindC.sorryD.happy12.A.AnyoneB.OneC.WhoD.Someone13.A.hitB.fellC.landedD.arrived14.A.askedB.saidC.talkedD.told15.A.hateB.findC.getD.want16.A.willbewaitingB.havewaitedC.havebeenwaitingD.wait17.A.ItB.ThereC.ThisD.That18.A.walkedB.leftC.goneD.ended19.A.lessonB.classC.roomD.lecture20.A.heardB.finishedC.spokeD.moved参考答案高二部分Units9-10B2基础演练
一、1.occurring2.interrupted3.though4.addressed5.strictly6.Hopefully7.wind8.arrival9.conductor10.determined
二、1.B2.B3.C4.C5.D6.C7.B8.B9.D10.D能力拓展1—5BADCB6—10ADBDC11—15ADCBD16—10ABCCD1.B 从下文的“课室在二楼“可以知道,此处的building就是有“课室”的那一座2.A 此处的and连接两个并列的句子,old前的and连接并列的形容词3.D 从下文可以看出,这个课室不象课室,只是个普通房间,但牌子上的内容是“课室”4.C 一般的规则,牌子应该挂在门口那个位置5.B 根据下文可知,这些学生的年龄比老师小不了多少,用actually表示“事实上、实际上”6.A 与上句呼应,说明老师与学生年龄差距不大,有时候学生的长相和行为显得比老师都要大7.D 这是根据上文发展来的一种关系,表示一种递进的语气,意思是“甚至…”8.B 从下文的“lookingoutoverthestreetandmanyhouses”、”threwtheapple”可知,这间课室不是在街道里,而是在街道之上,“比街道的位置要高”,所以“苹果才会扔下去,打在车上”9.D 此处的词组“putsomework”表示“布置一些作业”10.C 这是根据事件发生的情形推断出来的答案,苹果吃了一半后扔出去了,其它选项意义上都不通11.A 这种“生气”的心情是很自然的,因为把苹果扔到了车上12.D 此处选someone表示“有人(某个人,但不知是哪一个)把苹果扔到车上了”A、B两项意义不通;C项是疑问语气13.C A项的hit为及物动词,后不用介词;B项指某人或者某物自然地“倒下”或者“落下”D项意义不通14.B 固定用法,此处的意思是“对着某人说话”,不是“与某人交谈(talkto)”15.D 此处的want意思是“要找到…”16.A 此句的意思是“我会在门外等着你(找到那个扔苹果的人)”17.B 此题选用“Therebe”句型来表示一种存在的状况18.C 此题的“begone”=disappear,意思是“消失了”19.C 根据上句,学生已经都跑了,所以是对着空空的房间说“下课”20.D 本句说的是与平时相比的反常现象,“没有一个人敢动”。