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高一定语从句讲解嘉定二中高一英语组第一讲
1、功能相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语一先行词被定语从句所修饰的词二关系代词用来连接定语从句,并在从句中代表先行词的代词先行词是物whichthat先行词是人whowhomthat在从句中充当的成分主语、宾语
(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分e.g.把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句
1.Theyhadaradio.Itcouldsendoutmessages.Theyhadaradiowhich/thatcouldsendoutmessage.主语
2.Thegirlismybestfriend.Shespokejustnow.______________________________________________________
3.Healwaysbuyssomebooks.Heneverreadthem.______________________________________________________注意点
1.)定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面e.g.
4.Themanwholivesnextdoorsellsvegetables.Themansellsvegetableswholivesnextdoor.×
5.Thecarwhichmyunclejustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.Thecarwasdestroyedintheearthquakewhichmyunclejustbought.×2.)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略e.g.
6.Theyoungmanwhomyousawwasourmanager.
7.Thereissomethingthatwemustkeepinmind.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分
1.Themanwhotoldmethenewsrefusedtogivemethename.
2.TheairlinehasabookletwhichwilltellyoumostoftheimportantthingsaboutatriptoEurope.
3.Hefoundadollarbillthathehadforgotteninasuit.
4.Heisthemanwhomweallrespect.
5.Thereissomebodywhowantstoseeyou.
6.ThehouseIwouldliketobuyisnotforsale.
7.Thebicyclemyunclegavemewasveryexpensive.第二讲whose的用法关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格,即“的”时,它既可以修饰指人的先行词,也可以修饰指物的先行词e.g.
1.Thegirlismydaughter.Herworkgotthefirstprize.Thegirlwhoseworkgotthefirstprizeismydaughter.
2.Thebookisnotmine.Thecoverofitisred.ThebookwhosecoverisredisnotmineThebookthecoverofwhichisredisnotmine
3.DoyouknowanyoneHisfamilyisinXi’an.________________________________________________________________
4.Iliveintheroom.Thewindowsofitfacesouth.________________________________________________________________
5.Thechairhasbeenrepaired.Thelegofitwasbroken.________________________________________________________________限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句从句与主句关系密切,去掉从句,主句意义不完整,甚至不合逻辑e.g.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)
2、非限制性定语从句从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导e.g.Tom’sfatherwhoisoversixtystillworksharddayandnight.(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)that与which的区别1)用that而不用which的情况
①先行词为不定代词allanythingnothing…;
②先行词有最高级修饰,有序数词修饰;
③先行词有onlyveryany等词修饰;
④先行词既有人又有物时e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山______________________________________这部电影是我看过的最好的一部_______________________________________史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人2)用which而不用that的情况
①引导非限制性定语从句;
②指代前面整个主句的意思;
③介词+关系代词e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexamwhichmadehisfatherveryangry.Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分
1.Whatistheaddressofthefactorywhoseadvertisementwenoticedtheotherday.
2.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.
3.ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidn’trealizeatthetime.
4.TheGreatWallwasthefirstplacethatwenttovisitwhiletheywereinChina.
5.MissSmithwhoyoumetatourhouseisgoingtomarryMr.Harry.
6.Hefailedintheexamwhichmadehisclassmatessurprised.第三讲关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时,介词常可以提前,但介词提前时,关系代词只能用which或whome.g.
1.Themanisafamousrunner.Youtalkedtohimjustnow.Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.
2.Thechairismadeofwood.Heissittingonitnow.Thechaironwhichheissittingnowismadeofwood.
3.Heisalibraryassistant.Iborrowedsomebooksfromhim._________________________________________________________
4.Itisafamousschool.Hegraduatedfromit3yearsago._________________________________________________________介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配,Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhandsshakehandswith…是习惯性搭配介词常受先行词的制约(即介词和先行词的搭配),Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.throughwhich即throughthetelescope有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配,不可以拆开,lookaftertakecareoflookfore.g.
5.Heisthestudent./Theteachersarelookingforhim.Heisthestudentwhotheteachersarelookingfor.
6.Thenumberofthechildrenis
30./Shetakescareofthechildren.Thenumberofthechildrenwhoshetakescareofis
30.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分
1.Thisisthehouseaboutwhichwewrotetoyou.
2.WuDongwithwhomIwenttotheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.
3.Heusedtoliveinabighouseinfrontofwhichgrewmanybananatrees.
4.ThisisPeterinwhosehouseIhavelivedforfiveyears.第四讲关系副词whenwherewhy当先行词是表示时间的名词,用when,在定语从句中充当时间状语,这时一般可以用介词+which来代替:e.g.
1.Iwillneverforgettheday./Iwenttouniversityonthatday.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIwenttouniversity.
2.Hestillrememberthemorning./Theearthquakehappenedonthatmorning.______________________________________________________________当先行词是表示地点的名词,用where,在定语从句中充当地点状语,这时一般可以用介词+which来代替:e.g.
3.Thisisthehouse./Heusedtoliveinthehouse.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheusedtolive.
4.Iknowofaplace./Wecanswiminthatplace._____________________________________________________________先行词是表示原因的名词,即reason,用why,在定语从句中充当原因状语,这时一般可以用for+which来代替:e.g.
5.Idon’tknowthereason./Hediditforthisreason.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidit.
6.Thereasonwasnotclear./Hewasfiredforit.___________________________________________________________找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分
1.Iknowaforestwhereyoucanfindwildstrawberries.
2.Isthereanyreasonwhyyoushouldhaveaholiday.
3.IwillshowyouthewaytotheFriendshipHotelwhereforeignvisitorsarestaying.
4.Besuretocallonusnexttimewhenyoucometotown.
5.WeshallneverforgetthedayswhenwewereunitedasonetofightagainsttheJapanese.第五讲注意点要注意判断关系词及关系词在从句中所充当的成分e.g.
1.ThisisthehouseHevisitedityesterday.Thisisthehouse.Heoncelivedinit.Thisisthehousewhich/that//hevisitedyesterday.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheoncelived.
2.Wewillremembertheday.Wespentthedaytogether.___________________________________________________________Wewillremembertheday.Weworkedonthisdaytogether.___________________________________________________________找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分
1.IwillshowyoutothefactorywhichproducesthiskindofTVsets.
2.Iwillshowyoutothefactorywherehehasworkedforfiveyears.
3.Iwillshowyoutothefactorywhoseworkersarealldisabledpeople.
4.Iwillshowyoutothefactorywhichyourfactoryoncevisitedfiveyearsago.第六讲定语从句时特别注意的几个问题as引导定语从句时的用法
1.as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…assuch…as结构中e.g.SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的________________________________________________我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫
2.as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子常用下列句型:asisknowntoallasissaidasisreportedasisannouncedasweallknowasIexpect等e.g.AsIexpectedhegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.正如我所预料的那样,他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotverygoodmarks.(one为先行词)Heisoneofthestudentswhohavegotgoodmarksinthematch.(students为先行词)定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替e.g.October11949wasthedayonwhich=whenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.几个特殊的定语从句句型
1.IsthisplacetheonethatwevisitedyesterdayIsthistheplacethat/whichwevisitedyesterday
2.situation后常用whereinwhich引导定语从句Canyouimagineasituationwhere/inwhichyoucanusetheword
3.way方式,方法后常用inwhich或that或省略来引导定语从句,也可省略Doyouknowthewayinwhich/that/howheworkedouttheproblem
4.Hestoodatthewindowfromwherehecouldseewhatwashappening.Itmayraininwhichcasethematchwillbeputoff.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分
1.Heisateacherasisclearformhismanner.
2.Asisknowntoallwaterresourcesareverylimitedontheearth.
3.Heusedsuchexpressionsashecouldfindinthetexts.
4.Theystayedforthenightinthesameroomastheyhadoncerented
5.Idon’tlikethewayhespeaks.
6.HeisoneofthestudentswhoknowtheJapanese.
7.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoknowstheJapanese.定语从句配套练习第一讲
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句
1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.
2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.
3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.
4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.
5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.
6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.
7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.
8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.
9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.找出句中的从句并圈出先行词说出关系代词在从句中的成分Thethiefwhohadrobbedthemanwascaughtbythepoliceman.IhavetomakeupforthetestthatImissedlastweek.ThecarIhiredbrokedownonmywayhome.Thankyouverymuchforthepresentyousentme.Doyouknowanyonewhowantstobuyasecond-handmotorbike.第二讲
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句
1.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.
2.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.
3.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.
4.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.
5.IsthatthewomanHerdaughterisinmyclass.把下列每对句子合并成含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句
6.Hehasabrother.Heisanartist.
7.Thispoemwaswrittenbythefamouswriter.Almosteverybodyknowsit.
8.Theyhaveinvitedmetodinner.Itisverykindofthem.
9.Myfatherarrivedatthetownyesterday.HehadbeenonavisittoAmerican.
10.Thetravelerstookanotherroad.Theyknewaboutthefloods.用that、which或whose将下列每一组句子合并成一个含有定语从句的复合句
1.Aplaneisamachine.Aplanecanfly.
1.TeaismostlyfromChina.Itislovedbymanypeoplesintheworld.
1.Allthestudentsinmyclasslikethebook.ThebooktellsaboutHarryPorter.
1.Ihaveaverysmartbrother.Heisonlyseventeenyearsoldnow.
1.Anearthquakehappenedin
1976.TheearthquaketotallydestroyedTangshan.
1.Everybodywantstoenjoythepicture.Youtookthepicturejustyesterday.
1.Mywifeisaveryefficientwoman.Herclassalwayscomesoutfirstintheschool.
1.IstayedinaniceroominQingdao.Thewindowoftheroomopenstothesea.
1.I’msorrytohavekilledthehen.Itlaysteneggseverydayonaverage.
1.Ilikethisnewbookverymuch.Itscoverisdesignedbyafriendofmine.
1.Infrontofmyvillageflowsasmallriver.Itisnotpollutedyet.
1.WhoisthegentlemanHeisstandingoverthere.
1.DidyouseeanovelnamedTheGodfatherItwasonmydeskjustnow.
1.Iusedtoworkwithacomputercompany.Thecompanyhasastaffofover
600.
1.B.Gatesistherichestmanintheworld.Hiswealthcomestosome$50billion.
1.Thesearethebooks.Youwillneedthem.
1.ThecarbrokedownhalfwaytoHangzhou.Weweredrivingthecarthere.
1.LectureRoom(百家讲坛)isafamousprogram.Manypeoplelikeit.
1.Chinaisanancientcountry.Itshistorycoversabout5000years.
1.Myfatherisateacherofphysics.Hisjobistakingcareofhisstudents.第三讲
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句
16.Theserviceshouldbeimproved.Thestudentscomplainalotaboutit.
17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.
18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.
19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.
20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.
二、根据句子意思,填入介词加关系代词费
1.Theperson_____IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.
2.Thepencil_____hewaswritingbroke.
4.Thetwothings_____MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.
5.Herbag____sheputallherbookshasnotbeenfound.
6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch_____thisisoneexamplearewellwritten.
7.Theship______theEuropeanssailedtotheAmericancontinentwascalledtheMayflower.
8.Thefamily_______IstayedinRomeiscomingtoEnglandsoon.
9.Hehaswrittenabookthename_____Ihavecompletelyforgotten.
10.Itisafamilyofeightchildrenall_______arestudyingmusic.
11.Canyousuggestatime______itwillbeconvenienttomeet.
12.Thetown______theycamewasinthenorthoftheprovince.
13.Thefurcoat________theladywasdressedwasveryexpensive.14Theemperor________thepalacewasbuiltwasverycruel.
15.Hehadadream_______hewastakentotheamusementpark.
16.Themoney_______heboughtthebikewasgivenbyhisgrandfather.
17.AnnWhite_______wereceivedtheinvitationlivesnextdoortous.
18.Thestory________thefilmisbasedisatrueone.第四讲
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句
1.Istillremembertheday.Wefirstmetontheday.
2.IsthereanyshoparoundIcanbuyapenintheshop.
3.Theyear1986wasimportantinhistory.TheAmericanastronautsfirstlandedonthemooninthisyear.
5.Thecityisonthenewrailwayline.Iwasborninthiscity.
6.Thisisthereason.Heleftthecompany.第五讲e.g.Thisisthedate_______we’reproudof.Thisisthedate_______hewasborn.Iwillneverforgetthetime______wespenttogether.Thisisthefactory_______mymotherworks.Thisisthefactory_______wevisitedlastweek.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.thatIdon’tbelievethereason_____hegaveforhisdecision.Anotherreason_______hemadethisdecisionisthathehadtoconsiderthefeelingsofothers.第六讲1.填上合适的关系代词或关系副词
1.Acountryisanation_________hasitsowngovernmentlandandpopulation.
2.I’velookedthewordsupinthedictionary_______Iborrowedfrommyteacher.
3.Theman__havemademuchmoneydonotknowwhattodowiththeirmoney.
4.Wehaven’tfoundalanguage______wouldbeacceptedbypeople.
5.Hewenttoafriend_______knewalotaboutmoneymatters.
6.Handsignscanbeusefulinplaces______areverynoisyandinplaces______areveryquiet.
7.MrBlackwouldneverforgettheday_____hewasbitterlypunished.
8.Thereason_______hedidnotbuythemodernpaintingwasthatitwasnotapaintingatall.
9.ThewinterOlympicsarealwaysheldinamountainouscountry______thereisplentyofsnow.
10.Thegreeting“Goodafternoon”isgiventoanyone______youarepassingquickly.
11.Tomstoptospeaksomeone______makesaninquiryaboutfriends.
12.Adultssometimesenvychildren______canrunouttoplay.
13.I’dliketoborrowabook_______coverisblue.
14.Thisistheverywork_______I’mafter.
15.Ihavethesamebook_____youlentme.
16.Somesoldiersarrivedatafarmhouseinfrontof________satalittleboy.
17.Thisistheshop________sellsbooks.
18.Thisistheshop______wecanbuybooks.
19.I’llneverforgettheday______weoncestayedtogether.
20.I’llneverforgettheday_______wespenttogether.二翻译
1.众所周知台湾属于中国
2.这是我们上个学期参观过的工厂
3.那把用来切面包的刀很锋利
4.只有二位在教室里学习的学生
5.我想要知道你学习的方法
6.他们住在一间前面有一个大花园的房屋里
7.这是一家生产电视机的工厂
8.我从不忘记我们曾一起呆过的日子
9.他迟到的原因是因为他未能赶上汽车
10.你认不认识那个和我们老师交谈的学生
11.这是他仅能记得的事情(only)
12.他的同桌是一个让他在困难时得以依托的人turntoforhelp
13.众所周知,中国是一个具有悠久文明历史的国家As.
14.那个在地震中失踪的男孩最终被找到了(who)
15.你还记得我们拜访过的那个城市吗?payavisitto
16.李宇春所唱的歌中,哪一首是最吸引你的?which
17.我所能做的所有的事情便是等待(all)
18.很多中国学生非常羡慕西方人的生活方式way
19.我到超市去买了和你一样的笔(thesameas)
20.他们全家住在一个窗户被人打破了的房子里(whose)Thisistheonlythingthathecanremember.Hisdeskmateisapersonwhohecanturntoforhelpwhenintrouble.Hisdeskmateisapersontowhomhecanturnforhelpwhenintrouble.AsisknowntousallChinaisacountrywithalonghistoryofcivilizationTheboywhowaslost/missingintheearthquakewasfinallyfound.DoyoustillrememberthecitythatwehavepaidavisittoDoyoustillrememberthecitytowhichwehavepaidavisitWhichofthesongsthathasbeensungbyLiYuchunmostattractsyouAllthatIcandoistowait.ManyChinesestudentsenvythewaythat/inwhichthewesternerslive.Iboughtthesamepenasyoudidinthesupermarket.Thewholefamilylivedinthehousewhosewindowhadbeenbrokenbyothers.。