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情态动词的用法要点1.can和could情态动词用法例句can/could表示能力1.“Idon’tthinkMikecantype.”“Yeshecan.”2.IcanspeakfluentEnglishnowbutIcouldn’tlastyear.在肯定句中,表示客观可能性,并不涉及具体某事会发生,常用来说明人或事物的特征要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时,不用can,需用could,__y,mightAsahu__nbeinganyonecan__keamistake.I’mconfidentthatasolutioncanbefound.Hecanbeveryforgetfulsometimes.I__ystayathomethisweekend.(实际可能性)Petermightcometojoinus.实际可能性Itwillbesunnyinthedaytimebutitcouldraintonight.实际可能性表示请求和允许表示请求,口语中常用could代替can,使语气更委婉CanweturntheairconditioneronAnypoli__offi__rcaninsistonseeingadriver’sli__nse.Insoc__ryoucan’ttouchtheballwithyourhands.Couldyouh__ehercallmebackwhenshegetshomepleaseIwonderifIcouldjustaskyoutosignthis.表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测,主要用在否定句和疑问句中Itcan’tbeeasycaringfora__nandachildwhoarenotyourown.Canthe__novertherebeourhead__ster表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中CanthisbeanexcusefornotgivingthemhelpThiscan’tbetrue.Howcanyoubesocrazy.特别说明
(1)could用来表示请求时,语气委婉,主要用于疑问句,不能用于肯定句,答语应用can(即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中)如——CouldIuseyourdictionary——Yesyoucan.否定回答可用NoI’mafraidnot.2can和beableto辨析cancould和beableto都可以表示能力,意思上没有区别但can只有现在式和过去式,而beableto则有更多的形式如I’vealwayswantedtoabletospeakfluentEnglish.Thosebagslookreallyhe__yareyousureyou’llbeabletocarrythemonyourown但是,表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力,终于做成了某事,通常不用could,而用was/wereableto来表示这时,was/wereableto相当于__nagedtodo或suc__edindoing如Aftertheaccidentitwasalongtimebeforeshewasabletowalkagain.Thefirewasverybigbutmostpeoplewereabletoescapefromthebuilding.3惯用形式“cannot…too…”表示“无论怎么……也不(过分)”如Youcannotbetoocareful.你越小心越好惯用形式“cannotbut+不定式(不带to)”表示“不得不,只好”如Icannotbutadmireherdetermination.我不得不钦佩你的决心二.__y和might情态动词用法例句__y/might表示允许、许可否定回答一般用mustnot/mustn’t表示“禁止、阻止”之意,但也可以用hadbetternot最好别或__ynot(不可以),语气较为委婉__yIcomeinandwait——__yI__okehere——Noyoumustn’t或Noyou’dbetternot.在表示请求、允许时,might比__y语气更委婉些用__yI征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气,在日常用语中,用CanI征询对方意见更为常见MightIborrowyourpenIwonderifImightspeaktoyourson.表示可能性的推测,通常用在肯定句和否定句中,含有“或许”“大概”“可能”之意;用might代替__y时,则语气显得更加不肯定It__yrainthisafternoon.Shemightcometojoinusthisafternoon.Isupposehemighth__emissedthetrain.__y用于祈使句表示祝愿__yyousuc__ed.Long__yhelive!愿他能持续住下去__yyouh__e__nymoredaysashappyasthisone.__ysherestinpea__.愿她安息惯用句式“__ywell+动词原形”,意为“完全能,很可能”,相当于tobeverylikelyto“__yaswell或mightjustaswell+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”,相当于“hadbetter或thereisnoreasontodoanythingelse.It__ywellchangeforeverthewayyoulookatGreekart.There__ywellbearealproblemhere.ThereisnothingtodosoI__yaswellgotobed.You__yaswell____usnowwe’llfindoutsoonerorlater.Isupposewemightaswellgohome.Andifyouh__etoploughthefieldanywayyoumightaswellplantitatthesametime.二.must和h__eto情态动词用法例句must表示“必须,应该”之意,语气比should,oughtto强烈其否定形式mustn’t表示“不准,不应该,禁止”等意Youmustcometoschoolontime.Everybodymustobeythelaw.Youmustn’tdrivesofastinthestreet.Wemustn’twasteanymoretime.在回答带有must的问句时,否定回答常用needn’t或don’th__eto,表示“不必”,而不用mustn’t1.—MustIcomebackbeforeten—Yes,youmust.Noyouneedn’t表示有把握的推测,意为“一定、准是、相必”,只用于肯定句中Itmustbemymother.Youmustbehungryafterawalk.Theremustbeaholeinthewall.h__etoh__eto“必须,不得不”,意义与must相近但must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而h__eto则往往强调客观需要Thefilmisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow.Ih__etogonowbecausemymotherisinhospital.must只有一种形式,即现在式与过去式都是一种形式,而h__eto则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式1.IhadtoworkhardwhenIwasyourage.2.Iwillh__etolearnhowtouseacomputer.3.Inordertotaketheexamwe’llh__etofinishthewholebookbytheendofthismonth.两者的否定意义不同,mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”,don’th__eto表示不必Youmustn’tgothere.Youdon’th__etogothere.四.shall和should情态动词用法例句shall用于第
一、
二、三人称构成的疑问句,表示征求对方意见或请求指示ShallIopenthewindowShallwesay6o’clockthenWhatshallIgetfordinner用于第
二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁Don’tworryyoushallgettheanswerthisafternoon.允诺HeshallbesorryforitonedayI____you.(警告)YoushalldoasIsay.命令Ifyouchildrendon’tdoasI____youyoushallnotgotothe_____.威胁should表示劝告或建议,意为“应该”WhatshouldIdoShouldItrusthimYoushouldreadhisnewbook.表示推测,用在肯定句中,对现在的情况或可能发生的事的主观推测或期待意为“想必,大概,或许”Itshouldbeani__daytomorrow.TryphoningRobertheshouldbehomenow.Heshouldbearoundsixtyyearsold.还可以用在if引导的条件句中,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能,相当于“万一”的意思从句谓语用should+动词原形构成,主句都一定用虚拟语气AskTomtoringmeupifyoushouldseehim.你万一见到汤姆,请让他给我打个__ShouldIbefreetomorrowI’llcome.万一我明天有时间,我就过来Ifthingsshouldchangesuddenlypleaseletmeknow.万一情况突变,请通知我用于疑问句或感叹句中,表示意外、惊异的情绪,意为“竟会”,与why,what,how,who连用,如果是疑问句,则不需要回答Whyshouldanyonewantto__rryTonyDon’taskme.HowshouldIknow五.will和would情态动词用法例句will/would用于表示意志或意愿will指现在,would指过去Heisthe__nwhowillgohisownway.他首歌自行其是的人Theysaidtheywouldmeetusat10:30atthestation.表示请求、建议等,用would比用will委婉、客气WillyoupleasetakeamessageforhimWouldyouplease____meyourtelephonenumber表示习惯或倾向,意为“总是,惯于”will至现在,would指过去Fishwill___withoutwater.Peoplewilltalk.人们总会说闲话Whenweworkedinthesameoffi__wewouldoftenh__ecoffeetogether.表示推测,意为“很可能,大概”will表示推测比should把握大,比must把握小Thesethingswillhappen.Thatwillbethemessengerringing.Itwouldbeaboutteno’clockwhenhelefthome.表示功能,意为“能,行”惯用形式willdo/woulddo表示“解决问题”、“就行”Thatwillbeallright.Eitherpenwilldo.Itwouldnotdotoworktoolate.(工作太晚不行)用于否定句中,意为“不肯”、“不乐意”1.Iwon’tlistentoyournonsense.2.No__tterwhatIsaidhewouldn’tlistentome.特别说明would与usedto辨析would可用来表示过去反复出现的动作,但不能表示过去存在的状态,所以我们___“shewouldbeaquietgirl.”另外,would强调过去某种特定情况下的活动,是完全过去的事情,同现在没有__而usedto则着眼于过去和现在的对比,隐含现在已不存在,动作或状态都可表示Would可以表示不规则的习惯,usedto则不可如Heusedtobeanaughtyboyandcausetrouble.Iusedtogetupatsixinthemorning.Sometimesshewouldtakeawalkinthenei___oringwoods.InthosedayswheneverIhaddifficultiesIwouldgotoMr.Chenforhelp.六.need和dare情态动词用法例句need用于表示“需要,必要”之意做情态动词时,仅用于否定句和疑问句,只有现在时,过去式要用neednth__e,疑问式用need+人称否定式用neednot即neednt),1.—Needwele__esoon—Yesyoumust.Noyouneednt2.Youneednth__ehurried.=Itwasnotne__ssaryforyoutohurry,butyoudid.你当时不必这么匆忙做实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词相同,后接带to的不定式(needdoing=needtobedone)过去式用needed、didyouneed和didntneed肯定式用needs/needed/need疑问式用do、does、did提问,否定式要在前面加dont、doesnt、didnt
1.Ajoblikenursingneedspatien__andunderstanding.need+名词,needunderstanding=needtobeunderstood需要被理解2.Heneedstoseeadoctor.needtodo3.Doyoustillneedvolunteerstohelpcleanupafterthe_____needsomebodytodosomething4.Theydidntneedtostartsoearly.donotneedtododare用于表示“敢于”之意做情态动词,没有人称和数的变化,主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中1.—Dareyou____herthetruth—YesIdare./NoIdaren’t.Howdareyouaccusemeoflying!Hedaren’tadmitthis.用作实义动词时,其变化与一般的实义动词相同在肯定句中,dare后接带to的不定式;否定句中,dare后既可接带to的不定式,也可接不带to的不定式Onlyafewjournalistsdaredtocoverthestory.Hedoesn’tdaretogotherealone.Don’tyoudaretotouchit七.ought的用法情态动词用法例句oughttodo表示“应该”之意Yououghttotakecareofhim.—OughtIgonow—Yesyououghtto./Noyououghtn’tto.表示推测注意与must表示推测是的区别Hemustbehomebynow.断定他已到家Heoughttobehomebynow.不十分肯定Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.比较直率Thisiswheretheoiloughttobe.比较含蓄说明should与oughtto表示“应该”时的区别should表示自己的主观看法,而oughtto的语气中,含有“按道理应该……”之意若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定,一般用oughtto如:Youshouldhelpthemwiththeirwork.Youarehisfather.Yououghttogethimtore__ivegoodeducation.八.“情态动词+h__edone”用法情态动词+h__edone用法例句musth__edone表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必,准是,一定做了某事”Shemusth__egonethroughalot.Hemusth__evisitedtheWhiteHouseduringhisstayintheUnitedStates.__y/mighth__edone表示对过去已发生行为的推测,意为“也许/或许已经(没有)……“一般用于肯定句或否定句中,不用于疑问句用might则表示语气更加不肯定You__yh__elearntthenews.He__ynoth__eheardhisnamecalled.SorryI’mlate.Imighth__eturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.can…h__edonecannoth__edone表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定,通常用在否定句和疑问句中(can换成could时语气委婉)Wherecansheh__egoneCouldheh__edonesuchafoolishthingTheboycan’th__efinishedreadingthebooksosoonbecauseitisdifficulteventoan_____.couldh__edone可用于肯定句中,表示“可能已经……”之意,此外,还可以表示过去能做而没做的事,有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜Hecouldh__ekilledhimselfdrivingatadangerousspeed.Youcouldh__ebeenmoreconsiderate.Youcouldh__edonebetterbutyouweretoocareless.mighth__edone表示“本来可能……,但实际上没有发生的事情”另外,还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意,含有轻微的责备语气Youshouldnotswiminthatsea.Youmighth__ebeeneatenbyashark.Hemighth__egivenhimmorehelpthoughthewasbusy.should/oughttoh__edone用于肯定句时,表示本该做某事,而实际上未做;用于否定句时,则表示不该做的事反而做了Heshouldh__eknownthatthepoli__wouldneverallowthissortofthing.Youshouldn’th__edoneitsocarelessly.Yououghttoh__ereturnedthebookearlier.Yououghtnottoh__erefusedhisoffer.needn’th__edone表示做了本来不必去做的事注意didn’tneedtodo表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”Youneedn’th__ewateredtheplantsforitisgoingtorain.Ididn’tneedtobuythedictionary.Ihadacopyathome.hadbetterh__edone用于事后的建议,含轻微责备的口吻,意为“当时最好做了某事”,其否定式hadbetternoth__edone表示相反的含义Youhadbetterh__estartedearlier.Youhadbetternoth__escoldedher.wouldratherh__edone表示“当时宁愿做了某事”,其否定式wouldrathernoth__edone表示相反的含义,两者都表示“后悔”之意1.Iwouldratherh__etakenhisadvi__.2.Iwouldrathernoth__etoldhimthetruth.Cancould__ypermissionetc1wecanusecantoaskforandgivepermissionandcannottorefuseitCanIaskyouaquestionYesofcourseyoucan.2wealsousecouldtoaskforpermission;itismorepolite.CouldIh__ealookatyournewspaper3__yisusedinthesameway.Itismorefor__landlesscommon.__yIhelpyousir4weusecanandcouldbutnotusually__ytotalkaboutwhatisnor__llyallowed5WeusecaninoffersrequestsandinstructionsCanIcarryyourbagIcanbaby-sitforyouthiseveningifyoulike6couldsoundslessdefinite;itiscommoninsuggestionsandrequests.Icoulddosomeshoppingforyouifthatwouldhelp.Couldyouhelpmeforafewminutes7commonstructuresinpoliterequestCouldyoupossiblyhelpmeIwonderifyoucouldhelpme.Willwould1willcanexpresswillingnessandintentionsweoftenusewilltoannoun__adecisionatthemomentwhenwe__keit.Willyou…Canintrodu__instructionsordersandrequests.Wouldyou…Issofterandcanbeusedto__kerequestsmorepolite.Won’tcanbeusedtotalkaboutrefusals.2Wecanusewillto__kethreatsandpromises.The______presentisnotpossibleinthiscaseYou’llgetyourmoneytomorrow.IpromiseI’llstop__oking.I’llhityouifyoudothatagain.3wecanusewilltotalkabouthabitsandtypicalbeh__iour.She’llsittalkingtoherselfforhours4ifwestresswillitcansoundcriticalShewillfallinlovewiththewrongpeople.5wouldisusedtotalkaboutthepast.Shouldh__ecouldh__eetc1wecanuseshouldh__ecouldh__eetc+pastparticipletotalkaboutunrealpastsituationsthataretheoppositeofwhatreallyhappened.Youshouldh__ebeenhereanhourago.butyouweren’tIwassoangryIcouldh__ekilledher.butIdidn’tAliceshouldneverh__eboughtthatcar.butshedid.IfIhadknownyouwerecomingIwouldh__estayedin.2wecanusethisstructuretocriticizepeoplefornotdoingthings.Youcouldh__ehelpedme!whydidn’tyouYoumighth__eletmeknowyouweren’tcoming–Istayedinallevening.3thisstructurecaalsobeusedtotalkaboutthingsthatarenot__rtaintoh__ehappenedorthatwesupposebutdon’tknowdefinitelyh__ehappened.__yh__e…iscommoninthesesense.I__yh__eleftmykeysherethismorning.H__eyouseenthem.Heshouldh__earrivedhomebynow.let’sphonehem.SoyouwenttoAustraliathatmusth__ebeenni__.Shecan’th__egoneout--thedoorislocked.4thedifferen__between__ynoth__e..andcan’th__e..andbetweenhadto..andmusth__e…They__ynoth__earrivedyet.=perhapstheyh__en’tarrivedTheycan’th__earrivedyet.=they__rtainlyh__en’tarrivedJoehadtogohome.=itwasne__ssaryforhimtogohomeJoemusth__egonehome.=itseems__rtainthathehasgonehome。