还剩5页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
情态动词小结
(一)情态动词概说1.情态动词也是“辅助性”动词,用来表示说话人的语气或情态情态动词所表示的情态有请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等2.情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全,不能单独用作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,且后面只跟动词原形如她会唱英文歌曲ShecanssinganEnglishsong.(F)ShecansingsanEnglishsong.(F)ShecansinganEnglishsong.(T)3.有些情态动词的过去时与其原形相同,有些与原形不同1与原形相同的有must---mustoughtto---oughtto2与原形不同的有can---couldwill---would__y---mightshall---shouldneed---neededdare---daredh__eto---hadto4.大多数的情态动词后面可以用动词不定式(多不带to)的进行时、完成时或被动形式,如__ycanmust等
(二)情态动词的种类(见下表)原形过去式词义cancould能__ymight可以(或许)mustmusthadto必须(不得不)willwould愿意shallshould应该needneeded需要daredared敢于
(三)情态动词的否定形式cannot---can’tcouldnot---couldn’t__ynot---__yn’tmightnot---mightn’tmustnot---mustn’twillnot---won’twouldnot---wouldn’tneednot---needn’tshallnot---shan’tshouldnot---shouldn’toughtnot---oughtn’tdarenot---daren’t
(四)常用情态动词的用法1.can与could1).can
(1)表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”,也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”Hecandrive.CanyoujumpasfarashedidIcan’tcatchupwithJim.can与beableto二者都表示“能够”,区别是can只有现在时和过去式,而beableto可用于各种时态如I’llbeabletospeakFrenchinhalfayear.Hehasn’tbeenabletofinishitontime.
(2)表示允许Youcangonow.CanIuseyourbike
(3)表示推测WhocanitbeItcan’tbetrue.can表示猜测或怀疑只用于疑问句及否定句中2).could
(1)can的过去式,表示过去有能力及过去的可能性Hecouldn’tclimbupthemountain.Thenewscouldbetrue.
(2)表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见CouldyougoskatingwithmetomorrowI’mafraidIcouldn’tgiveyouananswertonight.
(3)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度HowcouldhesaythatHecouldn’tbeinBeijing.2.__y与might1).__y
(1)表示请求、许可、可以—__yIuseyourdictionary—Yesplease/__rtainly.__yIcomein
(2)表示推测说话人的猜测,认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生It__yrainthisafternoon.I__yle__eforHangzhounextweek.
(3)__y用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望__yyoudowell!__yyouh__eagoodtime!2.might
(1)用作__y的过去式Wedidn’tknowthathemightbeournewteacher.Theaccidentmighthappenthedaybeforeyesterday.
(2)替代__y来表示现在时间的动作,主要于推测(但其可能性比__y更低)I’mafraiditmightsnowtomorrow.Youmightmeethimattheconferen__.Themoviemighth__efinishednow.
(3)委婉地表示请求(不是过去式)MightIaskyouaquestionMightyougotherewithme3.must
(1).表示义务,命令或必要Sol___rsmustobeyorders.Wemustbestrictwithourselves.
(2).表示肯定的推测一定Hemustbeathome.(对现在的猜测)Ithinkyoumusth__e__deamistake.(对过去的猜测)Hemustbeournewteacher.Hecan’tbeournewteacher.
(3)此外还要弄清楚must与h__eto的区别4.will与would1).will
(1)表示意愿、决心此时可用于各种人称Hewon’tcometoseeyou.他不愿来见你(表示意愿)Iwilltrymybesttocatchupwithher.我将尽最大努力赶上她(表示决心)
(2)表示请求,此时仅限于“willyouplease…?”句型中,仅用于第二人称和疑问句中WillyoupleasebuymeanEnglish-ChinesedictionarywhenyougotothebookstoreWillyouh__esomeri__2).would
(1)will的过去式,表示过去的意愿和决心Hesaidhewoulddoeverythingforherbutshesaidshewouldneverseehimagain.Theybelievedthatwewouldhelpthem.
(2)用于现在时,表示委婉地提出请求,建议或看法此时would的用法比will更加委婉WouldyoupleaseshowmethewaytothemuseumIwouldliketosaysomethingaboutit.will和would用于“劝某人接受……”时,只能用some,不能用any如Wouldyoulikesomefish吃点鱼好吗?5.shall与should1).shall征求对方意见或请求,用于第
一、三人称表示“要不要……?”、“……好吗?”ShallIopenthewindowShallthedoctorcome2).should
(1)should意思是“应该”,表示劝告或建议(=oughtto)Youshouldwashyourhandsbeforedinner.Weshouldhelpeachother.
(2)用来表示可能性或猜测Heshouldbeintheoffi__now.Ishouldberight.
(3)should有时能表示说话人的情感等It’sfunnythattheyshouldbeconfident.(表示轻视)WhyshouldIdothatforyou(表示不满)
(4)should后接动词不定式(不加to)时,若用于肯定句,表示某件事本应该完成却未完成;若用于否定句,则表示某事不该发生却发生了Youshouldh__etoldusthetruth.(应该告诉却没有)Heshouldh__eknowntheimportan__ofit.应该知道却不知道)Weshouldn’th__eleftsoearly.(不应该早出来,可已经做了)6.need1)need意思是“需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和关系问句中Youneedn’tcomesoearly.NeedItakepartinthe_____2need引导的疑问句,肯定回答时多用must,否定回答时用needn’tNeedhecomeYeshemust.Noheneedn’t.3need后接名词做宾语时,表示“需要”某件事物,此时用作实义动词,与一般的实义动词用法完全一样如Weneedthreeapples.Hedoesn’tneedso__nybooks.
7.oughtought只有一种形式,后面常与to连用,意思是“应该”Yououghttovisitusoften.SorryIoughttole__enow.在表示“应该”时,oughtto的语气比should要强,比must稍弱
8.dare1dare意思是“敢”,用于肯定结构中时,后接加to的动词不定式Theboydaredtoclimbupthetree.Sheshoulddaretoquestionherteacher.2)dare用于否定句或疑问句中时,与大多数的情态动词一样,后接不带to的动词不定式Dontdaredothatagain!Thepoorgirldarenotgohome.9.hadbetterYouhadbetterseeadoctor.Youhadbetternotle__enow.HadIbetterwaitforher练习检测
1.Nobody_____doit.Letme_____.A.cantryB.can’ttotryC.cantotryD.can’ttrying
2.“_____youlike______bananastoeat”“Yesplease.”A.WouldsomeB.WillanyC.CouldanyD.Cansome
3.“CanyouanswerthisquestioninEnglish”“SorryI_____.”A.needn’tB.__ynotC.can’tD.mustn’t
4.“_____Iborrowyourdictionary”“__rtainlyhereyouare.”A.MustB.__yC.NeedD.Shall
5.I_____seethewordsontheblackboard._____youwriteabitclearlyA.mustn’tCanB.don’twillC.can’tCanD.needn’tCould
6.It’sasunnydaytoday.You______takearaincoatwithyou.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.can
7.I’velookedformypeneverywherebutI______findit.A.couldn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.didn’t
8.“____IspeaktoAnn”“Speaking.”A.MustB.__yC.NeedD.Shall
9.—Shallwegotothezootomorrow—________________________.A.YesweshallB.YesyoushallC.YesyouwillD.Allright
10.——Mr.Johnwemusthandinourhomeworktoday______——Noyou_____.Butyoumustbringittoschooltomorrow.A.needntwe;mustntB.mustntwe;needntC.mustntyou;mustntD.needntwe;neednt
11.——_____Itakethenewspaperaway——Noyoumustnt.You_____readitonlyhere.A.Must;canB.__y;canC.Need;mustD.Must;must
12.---MustIstayathomeandtakecareofher---Noyou________.A.mustnt B.wont C.cant D.neednt
13.---CanyoumendaTVset---NoI______________.A.mustntB.cantC.__ynotD.neednt
14.---Whoseguitaristhis?---________________________.A.ItmustAli’s.B.ItmightbelongtoAli’s.C.ItmustAliD.ItmightbelongtoAli.needneedn’tcancan’tshallshouldn’t__ymustmustn’th__etowould
15.I_____showhimtheway______I
16.CanyouanswerthisquestioninFrenchNoI________.
17.__yIkeepthebookforthreeweeksNoyou______.
18.Nobody_____livewithoutairorwater.
19.You_____notworry.Everythingwillbeallright.
20.—_____Ih__esomechocolatesnow—Noyoumustn’t.
21.Children_______beleftalone.
22.I____finishmyhomeworkbeforeIgotobed.
23.______wegooutforawalkThat’sagoodidea.
24._______youlikesomefish答案解析:
1.A
2.A
3.C
4.B
5.C
6.C
7.B
8.B
9.D
10.由must构成的疑问句,肯定回答Yesyoumust.否定回答Noyouneednt本题既是反意疑问句,又要做否定回答故选B
11.表示说话人征求对方___或向对方提建议、邀请等,可用“__yI…?”句型,故答案选B
12.对由情态动词must引起的一般疑问句的肯定回答用“Yes...must.”否定回答用“No...needn’t.”所以此题答案应选D
13.can表示体力和脑力方面的能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“能力”由can引起的一般疑问句,肯定回答是“YesIcan.”否定回答是“NoIcan’t.”所以答案应选B
14.选D其他三项格式不对
15.needn’tmust
16.can’t
17.mustn’t
18.can
19.need
20.__y
21.shouldn’t
22.h__eto
23.shall
24.would。